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Open Loop Control System

There are two types of control systems: open loop and closed loop. Open loop systems do not use feedback to automatically correct variations in output. Closed loop systems use feedback to sense actual output and compare it to the desired input in order to initiate corrective actions and maintain the desired output even with disturbances. An experiment was conducted to compare open and closed loop control of a dryer system. Wet soil samples were dried in the system with either open or closed loop control by adjusting the PID controller settings manually or automatically.

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Victor Imeh
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24 views

Open Loop Control System

There are two types of control systems: open loop and closed loop. Open loop systems do not use feedback to automatically correct variations in output. Closed loop systems use feedback to sense actual output and compare it to the desired input in order to initiate corrective actions and maintain the desired output even with disturbances. An experiment was conducted to compare open and closed loop control of a dryer system. Wet soil samples were dried in the system with either open or closed loop control by adjusting the PID controller settings manually or automatically.

Uploaded by

Victor Imeh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

There are two types of control systems namely:

1. Open loop control systems (non-feedback control systems)


2. Closed loop control systems (feedback control systems)
1. Open loop control system
If in a physical system there is no automatic correction of the variation in its output, it is
called an open loop control system. That is, in this type of system, sensing of the actual
output and comparing of this output (through feedback) with the desired input does not
take place. The system on its own is not in a position to give the desired output and it
cannot take into account the disturbances. In these systems, the changes in output can be
corrected only by changing the input manually. These systems are simple in construction,
stable and cost cheap. But these systems are inaccurate and unreliable. Moreover, these
systems do not take account of external disturbances that affect the output and they do not
initiate corrective actions automatically.
Any non-feedback control system can be considered as a feedback control system if is is
under the supervision of someone. Although open loop control systems have economical
components and are simple in design, they largely depend on human judgement. As an
example, a home furnace control system is considered. This system must control the
temperature in a room, keeping it constant. An open loop system usually has a timer
which instructs the system to switch on the furnace for some time and the switch it off.
Accuracy cannot be achieved as the system does not switch on/off based on the room
temperature but it does as per the pre-set value of time.
2. Closed loop control system
A closed loop control system is a system where the output has an effect upon the input
quantity in such a manner as to maintain the desired output value. An open loop control
system becomes a closed loop control system by including a feedback. This feedback will
automatically correct the change in output due to disturbance. This is why a closed
loop control system is called as an automatic control system. The block diagram of a closed
loop control system is shown in figure below. In a closed loop control system, the controlled
variable(output) of the system is sensed at every instant of time, feedback and compared
with the desired input resulting in an error signal. This error signal directs the control
elements in the system to do the necessary corrective action such that the output of the
system is obtained as desired. The feedback control system takes into account the
disturbances also and makes the corrective action. These control systems are accurate,
stable and less affected by noise. But these control systems are sophisticated and hence
costly. They are also complicated to design for stability, give oscillatory response and
feedback brings down the overall gain of the control system.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The following procedures were carried out during the experiment

1. The dryer was switched off and the three trays were removed
2. The dryer was turned on, the fan speed and louvre were adjusted to achieve inlet air
velocity to 0.6m/s.
3. The value at T1 was entered as the ambient temperature (20℃ )
4. The PID was set to automatic and left for 15 minutes for the system to reach operating
temperature.
5. The PID was changed to manual, the trays were returned and each load cell was set to
zero by clicking the zero button.
6. The trays were removed after zeroing and the side door closed.
7. The wet solid was distributed on each tray after being drained in excess water.
8. The sampling interval was set to 5mins and new was selected
9. The trays were loaded, the side doors locked and the total weight recorded.
10. The load cells were zeroed to have negative readings demonstrating drying of soil
sample.
11. For close loop: The PID was changed to automatic and Go was clicked after weight
reading was stabilized.
12. For open loop: the PID was changed to manual and Go was clicked.

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