TETRA (TERRESTRIAL TRUNKED
RADIO)
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WHAT IS TETRA
• * Advanced Digital Radio Communications System for
Public Safety Services, Utilities, Transport, Local
Government, Military
• * Operational throughout Europe, Asia-Pacific, Africa,
South America and Middle East
• * Standard promoted by ETSI
• * Multi-vendor supply / interoperation
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FREQUENCY RANGE
• 1. 400 MHz
• 380 - 400 MHz for public safety systems
• 410 - 430 MHz for commercial applications
• 2. 800 MHz for commercial applications
• standard based on TDMA technology
with 4 timeslot and 25 kHz band
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TETRA is superior PMR technology
•Individual and group communications
•Direct mode communication between radios
•Packet data and fast data transfer services
•Over-the-air programming of radios
•Frequency economy
•Fast call set-up time
•Security features
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To ensure an open multivendor market, TETRA
specifies the following essential interfaces:
• Air Interface ensure the interoperability of terminal equipment
from different manufacturers.
• Terminal Equipment Interface (TEI) facilitates the independent
development of mobile data applications.
• Inter-System Interface (ISI) allows the interconnection of TETRA
Networks from different manufacturers.
• Direct Mode Operation (DMO) guarantees communication
between terminals also beyond network coverage .
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TECHNOLOGY OF TETRA
TETRA
FDMA TDMA
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TETRA TDMA
•4:1 TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
25 kHz carrier spacing
•Digital modulation, /4 DQPSK at 36 kbits/s
•Speech calls use one channel
•Data calls can use up to 4 channels ( Data transfer
rates up to 7.2 kbit/ s per channel)
Four user channels interleaved
into one 25 kHz carrier
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Air Interface - TDMA Illustrated
Hyperframe (61.2s)
1 2 3 4 5 60
Multiframe (1.02s)
1 2 3 4 17 18
control
frame
TDMA frame (56.67ms)
1 2 3 4
Time slot (14.167ms)
= 510 modulating bits
1 2 3 4 5 508 509 510
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PHASE SHIFT KEYING PROCESS
010
011 001
45
100 000
101 111
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110
WIRELESS CHANNEL AT TRANSMITTER
END
PROPAGATION
CHANNEL
ENCODER MODULATOR RF/IF STAGES
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WIRELESS CHANNEL AT RECIEVER END
PROPAGATION
CHANNEL
RF/IF
STAGES
DEMODULATOR DECODER
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7 CELLULAR CONCEPT
4 ARFCN IN ONE CELL
4*7=28 ARFCN
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HANDOVER PROCESS
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TETRA Traffic case - simplex calls
• Simplex Calls
– Mobile is either transmitting or receiving
– Requires operation of PTT switch (Push To Talk)
– Talk time is usually limited, typically 1 minute maximum
– Group calls are always
simplex
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TETRA Traffic case - duplex calls
• Duplex Calls
– Mobile is transmitting and receiving (like GSM phone call)
– Does not require holding PTT to continue transmission
– Recommended for making measurements - no talk timer
– Phone calls are usually but not always duplex
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TETRA Traffic case - Group call
• Group call
– A call between more than 2 parties
– Call is always simplex, direct set-up
– Only possible if one or more groups have been attached
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TETRA is the Cost - Effective
Technology
Four-channel TDMA gives Trunking technology supports
excellent spectrum economy - controlled use of shared
4 channels in one 25 kHz networks
carrier
TDMA makes cost-
effective Base Stations
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TETRA INFORMATION
INFORMATION IMPORTANCE
Exrtremly
urgent TETRA
Highly GSM
important
DECT
routine
TIME CRITICALLY OF CALL SET UP
Non urgent Urgent Immediate
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<10 sec <1s
Difference between GSM and TETRA System
GSM System TETRA System
Designed for public cellular Designed for professional mobile
telephony. radio applications.
Based on Duplex & point to point Based on simplex, semi duplex,fill
communication. duplex also point to point & multi
point to point communication.
Not suitable for emergency services Suitable for emergency services due
(Call set up time ~ a few seconds). to very fast call set up time (300 ms)
Do not maintain privacy and mutual Maintain privacy and mutual security.
security.
Direct Mode Operation(DMO) is not Direct Mode Operation(DMO) is
possible. possible, which supports voice and
data transmission without a Base
Station between Radio Terminals.
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WORLD USAGE
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Thank you
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