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Precision Full Wave Rectifier

The precision full wave rectifier circuit uses two operational amplifiers configured as a precision half wave rectifier and inverting summing amplifier to produce a full wave rectified output from an AC input signal. During the positive half cycle of the input, one diode is forward biased and the other is reverse biased, producing a negative output from the first op amp. This combines with the positive input to produce a positive summed output equal to the input voltage. During the negative half cycle, the opposite diode configuration produces a zero output from the first op amp, also resulting in a positive summed output equal to the input voltage. This results in an output that is always positive and equal to the absolute value of the input voltage regardless of polarity.

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2K views4 pages

Precision Full Wave Rectifier

The precision full wave rectifier circuit uses two operational amplifiers configured as a precision half wave rectifier and inverting summing amplifier to produce a full wave rectified output from an AC input signal. During the positive half cycle of the input, one diode is forward biased and the other is reverse biased, producing a negative output from the first op amp. This combines with the positive input to produce a positive summed output equal to the input voltage. During the negative half cycle, the opposite diode configuration produces a zero output from the first op amp, also resulting in a positive summed output equal to the input voltage. This results in an output that is always positive and equal to the absolute value of the input voltage regardless of polarity.

Uploaded by

mjns25
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PRECISION FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

In PFWR, for both the half cycles output is produced & in one direction only. The diagram
below shows an inverting type of Precision FWR with positive output. It is also called as
absolute value circuit because output signal swing is only in positive direction. So we get
absolute value of input signal.

In positive half cycle of applied ac input signal, output of first op-amp (A1) is Negative.
Therefore diode D2 is forward biased & diode D1 is reverse biased. Here op-amp A1 works
as an inverting amplifier with gain =(-R/R)=-1
Therefore output of op-amp A1 is ,V=(-1) Vin=-Vin
Op-amp A2 works as an inverting adder. The two inputs to the op-amp A2 are voltage V
(output of A1) and input voltage Vin. Thus output of op-amp A2i.e. Output voltage is given as
∴Vo=-[R/R Vin+R/(R⁄2) V ]
∴Vo=-[Vin+2V]
Substituting V=-V_in
∴Vo=Vin
In negative half cycle of applied ac input signal, output of first op-amp (A1) is positive.
Therefore diode D2 is reversed biased & diode D1 is forward biased.
Due to virtual ground concept output of op-amp A1is zero. (∴V=0)
Thus output of op-amp A2, i.e. Output voltage is given as
∴Vo=-[R/R Vin+R/(R⁄2) V ]
∴Vo=-[R/R Vin+R/(R⁄2) (0) ]
But in negative half cycle input magnitude is negative therefore we get,
∴Vo=-[R/R (-Vin ) ]
∴Vo=Vin
Thus in both the half cycles output is positive & in one direction & also have same
magnitude. Thus it is also called as non-saturating type of PFWR because op-amp A1 is not
going in saturation.
The transfer characteristics and input-output waveforms of PFWR are shown below,
http://www.electroschematics.com/6761/precision-full-wave-rectifier-circuit/

Precision Full Wave Rectifier Circuit


Srihari Rao

The use of Operational amplifiers can improve the performance of a wide variety of signal
processing circuits. In rectifier circuits, the voltage drop that occurs with an ordinary
semiconductor rectifier can be eliminated to give precision rectification.

The below shown circuit is the precision full wave rectifier. It consists of following sections:

1. Precision half-wave rectifier


2. Inverting summing amplifier

The input voltage Vin is applied to one terminal of the summing amplifier along with resistor
R3 and to the input of the precision rectifier. The output of precision rectifier is applied to
another terminal of summing amplifier. The precision half-wave rectifier circuit uses an
inverting amplifier configuration.
Related Products: Bridge Rectifier | Current Regulator

When the input signal Vin is positive, Op-Amp output terminal is negative, Diode D1 is
reverse biased and D2 Diode is forward biased, the circuit is
Vb = -(R2/R1) * Vin
In the circuit, R1 and R2 have been chosen such that R2 = 2R1.
So the voltage at Vb = -2Vin.
Thus during the positive half cycle of the rectified voltage Vb is applied to terminal B of the
inverting summing amplifier is -2Vin.
The voltage at terminal A is Va = +Vin. The output from the summing circuit with
R3=R4=R5 is Vo = – (Va+Vb). Hence Vo = -(Vin – 2Vin) = +Vin. So during the negative
half cycle of the input, the Op-Amp output terminal goes positive, causing D2 to be reverse
biased. Without D1 in the circuit, the Op-Amp output would be saturated in the positive
direction. However, the positive voltage at the Op-Amp output forward biases the D1. This
tends to pull the Op-Amp inverting terminal in a positive direction. But, such a move would
cause the Op-Amp output to go negative. So, the output settles at the voltage close to ground
level. So to be clear, the negative half-cycle is clipped off. That is Vb=0 and Va = -Vin.
Totally the Vo will be Vo = -(-Vin+0) = +Vin.
It is seen that the output is a full wave rectified version of the input voltage. A Precision full-
wave rectifier is also known as absolute value circuit. This means the circuit output is the
absolute value of the input voltage regardless of polarity.
If you any doubt about the circuit please drop it in comments we will respond you.;
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