DESIGN CRITERIA
1.1.1 LOADS
1.1.1 Dead Loads (DL)
The Dead Load shall consist of the weight of the entire structure, including the
roadway, sidewalks and other public utility service. The table below gives the
unit weight of material used in the design
Material Unit Weight (kN/m³)
Reinforced Concrete 23.60
Plain Concrete 22.77
Asphalt Wearing Coarse 22.00
Steel 77.00
Fill Material 18.00
1.1.2 Live Loads (LL)
A. Roadway Live Load
The live load shall consist of the weight of applied moving load of truck or
lane load as provided by the DGCS / AASHTO, Standard Specification for
Highway Bridges.
The carriage live load shall be the HL-93 Standard truck or tandem / alternate
military loading and Lane Loading as shown. Permit Design Load (Type 7: 7-
Axial) is also applied.
145 kN 145 kN 35 kN
4.3m to 9.1m 4.3m
HL-93 (TRUCK LOAD)
9.34Kn/m.
HL-93 (LANE LOADING)
B. Side walk
Sidewalk loading shall be 3.60 kN / m² shall be applied to all sidewalks wider
than 600mm and consider simultaneously with the vehicular design live load
in the vehicle lane.
C. Impact Loading
The factor to be applied to the static load shall be taken as:
IM
I = 1 + ---------
100
Where: I = Impact Fraction
IM = Dynamic Load allowance
The Static effects of the design truck or tandem, other than centrifugal and
braking forces, shall be increased by the percentage specified for dynamic
load allowance in follows,
Component IM
Deck Joint-All Limit State 75%
All Other Components
Fatigue and Fracture 15%
Limit State
All Other Limit States 33%
D. Multiple Presence Factors
Number of Loaded Lanes Multiple Presence Factors
1 75%
2
3 15%
>3
33%
1.1.3 Other Forces
Forces other than Specified above will be calculated based on AASHTO /
DGCS recommendations which includes thermal, creep, shrinkage,
construction loads, etc.
1.2 LOAD COMBINATION
The Group Loading Combination for Load Resistance Factor Design, as
recommended by AASHTO / DGCS is taken as:
1.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES
1.3.1 Concrete
Cast in place concrete Minimum Compressive Stress, f’c
at 28 days
Girders, Deck slab and parapets 28.0 MPa (4000 psi.)
Sidewalk , Railings, Rail post 21.0 MPa (3000 psi.)
Abutment, Wing wall, Coping, Approach
28.0 MPa (4000 psi.)
Slab, Foundation
1.3.2 Reinforcing Steel
Reinforcing Steel shall conform to AASHTO M31 (ASTM A615), shall be
deformed bars.
The minimum yield strength, fy used for reinforcing steel bars are as follows:
Superstructure & Substructure Minimum yield strength, fy
(20mm to 36mm dia.) 414.00 MPa (60000 psi)
(10mm to 16mm dia.) 276.00 MPa (40000 psi)
Miscellaneous Structures
(10mm to 16mm dia.) 276.00 MPa (40000 psi)
1.3.3 Structural Steel
Structural Steel shall conform to the following:
Structural steel Designation
Steel plates and rolled shape AASHTO M183 (ASTM A36)
Bolts AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325)
Welds AWS D1.1 – 183, E70XX Series
1.4 SEISMIC ANALYSIS
In Accordance with DPWH-LRFD Bridge seismic design specification (BSDS) 1ST
Edition, 2013
1.5 REFERENCES
Design analyses and computations were based on the follows:
a) Design Guidelines, Criteria and Standards Vol. 5 (Bridge Design 2015)
b) Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, AASHTO (American Association of
State Highway and Transportation Office), Bridge Design Specification 2012
c) DPWH Bridge Seismic Design Specification 1st Edition 2013
