Scribd
Upload
74 views4 pages

4G Technology

4G technology is the latest generation of mobile networks that provides significantly faster data transfer rates compared to previous generations. It allows for high-speed internet access on mobile devices and is taking over from 3G networks. The evolution of mobile technologies started with 0G networks in the late 1970s/early 1980s which provided analog mobile phone service. 1G networks in the 1980s then provided digital cellular connectivity. 2G networks in the 1990s digitized voice calls and enabled SMS. 2.5G networks added packet-switched data capabilities on top of 2G networks. 3G networks provided higher speed data and video calling, paving the way for 4G technologies now rolling out globally.

Uploaded by

shirley
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
74 views4 pages

4G Technology

4G technology is the latest generation of mobile networks that provides significantly faster data transfer rates compared to previous generations. It allows for high-speed internet access on mobile devices and is taking over from 3G networks. The evolution of mobile technologies started with 0G networks in the late 1970s/early 1980s which provided analog mobile phone service. 1G networks in the 1980s then provided digital cellular connectivity. 2G networks in the 1990s digitized voice calls and enabled SMS. 2.5G networks added packet-switched data capabilities on top of 2G networks. 3G networks provided higher speed data and video calling, paving the way for 4G technologies now rolling out globally.

Uploaded by

shirley
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

4G TECHNOLOGY

Wireless technology has transformed our lives in many ways. Until very recently, we

needed a computer wired to a port, to get online. Even wired telephones are becoming a

thing of past. Nowadays, we use our mobile phones for banking, to check ticket

availability at a Cinema Hall, and many more. Wireless communication is the transfer of

information over a distance without the use of enhanced electrical conductors or "wires”.

And, Wireless networking refers to any kind of networking that does not involve cables. It

helps in saving the cost of cables for networking in addition to providing the mobility.

There are different types of wireless networks defined on the basis of their size, range and
data transfer rate.
· Wireless PAN - Personal area network Wireless Personal Area Networks

· Wireless LAN - Local Area Network

· Wireless MAN - Metropolitan Area Networks

· Wireless WAN- Wide Area Networks


· Mobile devices networks Mobile networks have evolved tremendously in last 3 decades.

Cellular concept was introduced with 1G (‘G’ stands for generation) networks.

Today, 4G technology is getting ready to storm the markets. Not only that, research on

5G technology has already begun.

Evolution of Mobile Technologies

Zero Generation Technology (0G)

0G refers to pre-cell phone mobile telephony. Being the predecessors of the first

generation of cellular telephones, these systems are called 0G (zero generation) systems.

Usually vehicle mounted, they had the transceivers mounted in the vehicle trunk and dials

& display mounted near the driver seat.

Technologies used in 0G systems included PTT (Push to Talk), MTS (Mobile Telephone

System), IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Service), and AMTS (Advanced Mobile

Telephone System).

First Generation Technology (1G)

1G refers to the first generation of wireless telecommunication technology, more popularly

known as cell phones.In 1G, Narrow band analogue wireless network is used; with this we

can have the voice calls. These services are provided with circuit switching.Through 1G, a

voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of about 150MHz and up as it is

transmitted between radio towers using a technique called Frequency-Division Multiple

Access (FDMA).

Different 1G standards prevalent were AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) in the

United States, TACS (Total Access Communications System) in the United Kingdom, NMT

(Nordic Mobile Telephone), used in Nordic countries, Eastern Europe and Russia, etc

Second Generation Technology


2G - 2G first appeared around late 1980’s; 2G system digitized the voice signal, as well as

the control link. It provided the facility of short message service (SMS) unlike 1G that had

its prime focus on verbal communication. Depending on the type of multiplexing used 2G

technologies can be divided into Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based and Code

Division Multiple Access (CDMA). 2G system offered better quality and much more

capacity. 2G cellphone units were generally smaller than 1G units, since they emitted less

radio power.

Based on TDMA, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) is the first European

standard & the first commercial network for use by the public for 2nd generation mobile

(2G) telephony. A typical 2G G.S.M network service uses 800/900MHz or 1800/1900

frequency spectrum. Typical average data rate of GSM is 9.6 kbps. 2G CDMA (IS-95A)

uses BPSK and offers data rate upto 14.4 kbps. The bandwidth of 2G is 30-200 KHz.

2.5G – GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) - 2.5G, which stands for "second and a

half generation," is a cellular wireless technology developed in between its predecessor,

2G, and its successor, 3G. The term "second and a half generation" is used to describe

2G-systems that have implemented a packet switched domain in addition to the circuit

switched domain.

‘2.5G’ is an informal term, invented solely for marketing purposes, unlike "2G" or "3G"

which are officially defined standards based on those defined by the International

Telecommunication (ITU).

GPRS (CS1 to CS4) uses GMSK modulation with symbol rate (& modulation rate) of 270

ksym/s. Typical data rate of GPRS is ~115 kbps. It can be used for services such as
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and

for accessing internet.

IS-95B or cdmaOne is the evolved version of IS-95A and is also designated as 2.5G with

theoretical data rates of upto 115 kbps, with generally experienced rates of 64 kbps.

2.75 – EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) - EDGE (EGPRS) is an

abbreviation for Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, is a digital mobile phone

technology, invented by AT&T. EDGE technology is an extended version of GSM & works

in GSM networks. EDGE is add-on to GPRS and can function on any network with GPRS

deployed on it, provided the carrier implements the necessary upgrades. It allows the clear

and fast transmission of data. One need not install any additional hardware and software

in order to make use of EDGE Technology. Also, there are no additional charges for

utilizing this technology.

You might also like