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Boiler Economizer

An economizer is a device that captures waste heat from boiler flue gases and transfers it to boiler feedwater, raising the feedwater temperature and reducing the energy needed to produce steam. It can cut operational costs over the lifetime of the boiler. Key boiler components include the burner, heat exchanger, supply and return lines, firebox, and circulator pumps. Air-side and water-side economizers can reduce HVAC energy costs by using cooler outside air or water to condition indoor spaces instead of relying solely on mechanical cooling. Proper controls are needed to ensure economizers operate effectively.

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reyalene gallegos
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586 views

Boiler Economizer

An economizer is a device that captures waste heat from boiler flue gases and transfers it to boiler feedwater, raising the feedwater temperature and reducing the energy needed to produce steam. It can cut operational costs over the lifetime of the boiler. Key boiler components include the burner, heat exchanger, supply and return lines, firebox, and circulator pumps. Air-side and water-side economizers can reduce HVAC energy costs by using cooler outside air or water to condition indoor spaces instead of relying solely on mechanical cooling. Proper controls are needed to ensure economizers operate effectively.

Uploaded by

reyalene gallegos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Definition of term
A boiler economizer is a device that is designed to increase the operating
efficiency of a boiler, cutting down on its operational costs over the lifetime of the
boiler. Although the savings on any given day may be relatively small, the impact
over time can be significant, especially with a large boiler system, such as the
type used to heat large buildings like office buildings and institutions. Some
boilers are designed with economizers built in, while in other cases, an
economizer can be fitted on after the fact.
The last pass of boiler tubes or a heat exchanger located in the flue pipe that
extracts some of the heat from the flue gases before they are vented to the
atmosphere.
A device for warming feed water with gases entering the chimney or stack.

2. Usage of Boiler Economizer


A common application of economizers in steam power plants is to capture the waste
heat from boiler stack gases (flue gas) and transfer it to the boiler feedwater. This raises
the temperature of the boiler feedwater, lowering the needed energy input, in turn
reducing the firing rates needed for the rated boiler output.
Key Components of Boilers are:-
Burner The burner is the component of boiler that provides the heat that heats the
water of system. The fuels used can be natural gas or oil.
Heat exchanger The heat exchanger of boiler allows the heat from the burner to heat
the water in system. The job of the heat exchanger is to carry the heat from the burner
to the water without having direct contact with the water. Its a similar idea to boiling
water in a pot.
Supply lines Hydronic heating systems use piping to deliver the heated water or
steam to the distribution points, and the supply lines are the pipes that distribute the hot
water or steam to distributor.
Return lines When the water cools, or the steam cools and changes states back to
water, the return lines bring this water back to the boiler for re-heating.
Firebox The firebox is where the fuel of system meets the air, creating a flame.
Refractory Refractory actually refers to refractory materials that are used for filling any
gaps and/or openings that may be around the fire box this helps ensure the fire stays
in the fire box.
Circulator pumps circulator pumps push the hot water or steam from system to the
heat distributors in our homes.
Deaerators/Condenser Deaerator and condenser tanks are only used in steam boiler
systems and not in hot water and hot oil boil because here the fluid always is on liquid
form. The construction of these two types of tanks is almost identical, but as their
names suggest, they are used for different purposes.
Two primary principles are used with this form of tank design: thermal and vacuum. This
depends on which type of boiler being used. Each principle also has different pump
construction requirements.
3. Construction and parts
4. Figures and sketches
5. Operation and Function

A basic boiler is a machine with the simplest arrangement of the internal parts.
The main job of a boiler is to make high pressure steam. The feed water supplied
to the boiler drum utilizes the heat of the energy released by burning the fuel.
This energy of the burning fuel is stored in the form of steam with high
temperature and pressure. The fuel is burnt in a combustion chamber inside the
boiler. To attain high efficiency and complete combustion, air is supplied to this
combustion chamber through a separate arrangement. The heat generated in
this combustion chamber is transferred to the water from the boiler drum through
a large surface area, which enables the highest rate of energy transfer.

Air-side economizers HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) can save
energy in buildings by using cool outside air as a means of cooling the indoor
space. When the temperature of the outside air is less than the temperature of
the recirculated air, conditioning the outside air is more energy efficient than
conditioning recirculated air. When the outside air is both sufficiently cool and
sufficiently dry (depending on the climate) the amount of enthalpy in the air is
acceptable and no additional conditioning of it is needed; this portion of the air-
side economizer control scheme is called free cooling.

Air-side economizers can reduce HVAC energy costs in cold and temperate
climates while also potentially improving indoor air quality, but are most often not
appropriate in hot and humid climates. With the appropriate controls,
economizers can be used in climates which experience various weather systems.
For information on how economizers and other controls can affect energy
efficiency and indoor air quality in buildings, see the US Environmental Protection
Agency report, "Energy Cost and IAQ Performance of Ventilation Systems and
Controls Study."

When the outside air's dry- and wet-bulb temperatures are low enough, water-
side economizers use water cooled by a wet cooling tower or a dry cooler (also
called fluid cooler) to cool buildings without operating a chiller. They are
historically known as the strainer cycle, but the water-side economizer is not a
true thermodynamic cycle. Also, instead of passing the cooling tower water
through a strainer and then to the cooling coils, which causes fouling, more often
a plate-and-frame heat exchanger is inserted between the cooling tower and
chilled water loops.

Good controls, and valves or dampers, as well as maintenance, are needed to


ensure proper operation of the air- and water-side economizers.

Walk-in Cooler Economizer


A common form of refrigeration economizer is a "walk-in cooler economizer" or
"outside air refrigeration system". In such a system outside air that is cooler than
the air inside a refrigerated space is brought into that space and the same
amount of warmer inside air is ducted outside. The resulting cooling supplements
or replaces the operation of a compressor-based refrigeration system. If the air
inside a cooled space is only about 5F warmer than the outside air that replaces
it (that is, the T>5F) this cooling effect is accomplished more efficiently than the
same amount of cooling resulting from a compressor based system. If the
outside air is not cold enough to overcome the refrigeration load of the space the
compressor system will need to also operate, or the temperature inside the
space will rise.

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