1001 Problems in Classical Number Theory (Solutions) PDF
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Kristine Henson1001 Problems in Classical Number Theory (Solutions) PDF
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Kristine Henson(* + (At) =2(?
we obtain
AE) (# = 1,2,3) such that
2 (213%57)? = 3 (293%)? = 5 (2.9%5)”
To do so, we must find integers a, 3) and >; (i = 1,2,3) such that
2a; +1=Sa2 = 5a, 25, = 392 +1= 544, 21 = 392 = 599 +1
We easily find
a; = 7.02 =5,03=3, Gy = 5, =3,h=2 = 3,9 =2=1
We then obtain that n = 2(27 - 35. 5%)? = 3023308800000 serves our
purpose,
(154) This follows from the identity
n® 97 = (n!4)8 38 = (nl — 3)(n® + 3! +37)
(155) We proceed by contradiction by assuming that there does not exist any
prime number in the interval jr,2z], in which case we have 6(2x) = 6(x)
By using the inequalities 0.732 < 0(r) < 1.12r, we would then have
1462 = 2(0.73)x < (22) = O(c) < 1.422,
a contradiction
(156) We proceed by induction. First of all, for n = 4, the sesult is true,
since 121 = 11 = p2 < pipapspi = 210. Assume that the inequality
DE < papa +-py- is true for a certain integer k > 5. By using Bertrand’s
Postllate in the form ps1 < 2Ph, We then have
Phat < APE <4pypa-- “Pha < PIPa-> “Phy
and the result then follows by induction. SOLUTIONS, 135
(157) If there exist g,r,a € N such that g” = (g"/2)? = a, where r is even
and q” = p+m® with p prime and m € N, then a? — m? = p, so that
(a—m)(a+m) = p. Since pis prime, we must have a~m = 1 and a-m =
and therefore m =a —1 and p = 2a~ 1. Hence, if 2a— 1 = 2g"? —1 is
composite, q” cannot be written as p+ m?, as was to be shown.
(158) For p = 3, the result is immediate. Assume that p > 5. If p = 3k+1
for a certain positive integer k, then 8k +1 = 24k +9, a multiple of 3
Otherwise, that is if p = 3k — 1 for a certain positive integer &, then
8p - 1 = 24k — 9, a multiple of 3, which contradicts the fact that 8p ~ 1
is prime. In both cases, the result is proved.
(159) If a positive integer of the form 3k +2 has no prime factor of the form
3k+2, then all its prime factors are of the form 3k +1. Since the product
of two integers of the form 3k-+ 1 is of the form 3k-+ 1, the result follows.
Since each product of prime numbers of the form 4k+1 is of the same
form and since each product of prime numbers of the form 6k-+1 is of the
same form, the result follows.
(160) (a) We have 23 = 3-31+2-2141-Iand 57 = 2-414 1-34 1-2141-1
(b) To find the Cantor expansion of a positive integer m, we proceed as
follows. Let m be the largest positive integer such that m! You might also like
