Sikandar Gouse Moinuddin CCIE (R&S, SP ) # 35012 [email protected] Networkonlineacademy.com All contents are copyright @2013 - 2014 All rights reserved. CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved REWORK Pave 2INDEX PAGE NO Understanding routing protocols rs. uses sono se ai Lab default setup diagram and configurations.. GNS3 simulation tool setup. EIGRP About EIGRP. Lab: verifying eigrp process Eigrp metric calculation... Duet terminology. Trouble shooting EIGRP.. Summarization Auto-summary .. Manual summnary.. Some practice examples of manual summary. Lab: EIGRP summarization. Understanding null interface Lab : RIPo2 summarization Eigrp load balancing... Lab: eigrp Toad balancing... Eigep stub Lab : eigrp stat wo Configuring authentication Lab: EIGRP authentication. Lab RIPo2 authentication su « Lab : OSPF authentication Advertising default route in dynamic routing protocols Lab: default route in eigrp.. Lab: default routing with ripo2 Default routes in ospf. IMPLEMENTING REDISTRIBUTION .. Lab: redistribution between rip and eigrp. Lab: redistribution between rip and ospf. Lab: redistribution between eigrp 100 and osp. Lab: redistribution beteween eigrp protocol with different as numbers. Lab : redistribution wc osu oe CONF Route Lab Workbook by Sikandar Gouse Moinuddin CCIE (R&S, SP) # 35012 All contents are copyeight 2013 ~ 2024 AlZ rights ceserved (Reryonk nace 2Lab : verifying busic ospf with single area ws. nese Lab: basic ospf implementation using multiple areas wu... Lab : ospf summarization. LAB: Ospf virtual link. Ospf network types. Lab : osp{ DR/BDR election over ethernet LSA types. Ospf special areas (ospf stubs Lab: ospf stubs and totally stub Lab 2: ospf stub and totally stub Not-so-stubby 7c. mo Lab: nssa and totally nssa.. IPV6.. Ipo6 address types.. Labs: basic configuration of ipv.. Stateless auto-configuration ... Ipo6 routing. Static routing RIP Hg... OSpPOB cso ne eer ons oe Eigrp for ip. CONTROLLING ROUTING UPDATES Why do we need ronte filtering methods. Lab : passive interfuce in rip? Using distribution lists. Using ip prefix-list .. Offset-list. Route-mnaps Lab: Redistribution using ronte- maps Lab: filterring routes using route-maps.. Policy -based routing. Lab : policy-based routing... BGP CONF Route Lab Workbook by Sikandar Gouse Moinuddin CCIE (R&S, All contents are copyeight 2013 ~ 2024 AlZ rights ceserved oF) # 35012 Reryonk save 9BGP autonomous systems Introduction to BGP.. Types of isp connections Bgp neighbors.. Lat: IBGP peering Bgp split horizon rule. LAB: ibgp peering using loopback: Configuring bgp authentication on cisco ios: Peer groups: Lab = peer grOUps oe .os acne Route reflector Lab : route reflector so seuss Lab: route reflector usinglooback. Lab: route reflector with two servers for redundancy. Bep next hop behavior .. Lab: basic ebgp configuration & verify next-hop behavior. Lab : ebgp peering using loopback interfaces (using EBGP multihop): Synchronization ru Lab: verify bgp synchronization rule... Bgp attributes... Bgp path selection... Lab: using weight attribute. Lab : weight attribute using route-maps . Understanding in out, Lab: using local preference.. Lab: local preference using route-map... UNDERSTANDING ROUTING PROTOCOLS From CCNA studies we have learned some basic of routing concepts and there are 3 types of routing Cisco routers support ntultiple routing protocols, but the ROUTE exam covers mainly in to RIPV2,FIGRP, OSPF, axtd BGP over IPV4 mr route sab woulbook by sthandar gouse woinusdin Coxe (MS, AP) $ 38012 SP a eee reese Seen tet oe (Ceryronk nase 4Static Routing + Lisconfigired manually by the Administrator. + Mandatory need for the Destination Network 1D + Used for Smal organizations + Adninistrative distance for Static Route #8 0 or 1 Advantages: + There is no overhead on the router CPU + There is no buntwidth usage between routers for sending or receiving updates. + Mads security because the administrator can choose to allow routing access to certain netiworks only. Disadvantages of static routing:- + Eachand every network hes to be manually configured + The administrator must really understand the internetwork and how each router is connected in order to configure routes correctly. + Any changes in the internetwork kas to be updated in all routers + Used for small network. (I's not feasible in large networks ) Configuring Static Route (configyt ip route or (config}# ip route DEFAULT ROUTING: + Defiutt route ts used when destination is wnknown (internet ) Also can be used! at end locations where there is only one exit path for any destination Last preferred route inthe routing table Default routes help in reducing the size of your routing table. If the routers do not found ai entry for the destination network in a routing table, the router will forward the packet to its defiult route. 305 Lan -s92.268.5.0/24 1p 202:58.00.4/28 Configuring Default Route mr route sab woulbook by sthandar gouse woinusdin Coxe (MS, AP) $ 38012 SP a eee reese Seen tet oe (Rerywonk rave 6Advantages of Dynamic over static: Or DYNAMIC ROUTING There 18 no seed to krsore the destination networks Newd to advertise the directly connected networks. Updates the topology changes dynaniicalty. Administrative work is reduced Used for large organizations. (configyt ip route (confight ip route Neighbor routers exchange routing information and buitd the routing table automatically. this is ensier than using static or default routing Types of Dynainic Routing Protocols ‘© Distance Veetor Protocol © Link Stete Protocol © Hybrid Protocol DISTANCE VECTOR PROTOCOL LINK STATE PROTOCOL HYBRID PROTOCOL (Advance Distance vector Protocol) © Works with Belliuan Ford algorithm + Periodic updates © Classful routing protocol © Frdll Routing tables are exchanged © Updates are through broadcast Example: RP 2, RiPo2, IGRP Works with Dijkstra algorithon Incremental updates Classless routing protocol Missing routes are exchanged Uptes are throngh multicast Example: OSPE, 15-18 Link state updates CONF Route tab Workbook by Sikandar Gouse Moinuddin CCIE (R&S, All contents are copyeight 2013 ~ 2024 AlZ rights ceserved # Works with DUAL algorithm # Incremental updates # Classless routing protocol + Missing routes are exchanged © Upilates are through ‘nnulticast © Example : EIGRP * Also called as ‘Advance Distance vector Protocol oF) # 35022 HerWoRK save 6CT ful Protocols: # Classfil routing protocol do not carry the subnet mask information along with updates © which means that all devices in she network naust use the samte subnet mask + Ex:RIPo, IGRP Classless Protocols: © lassfil routing protocol exrry the subnet mask information along with updates # That's why they support sub networks amt default networks also + Fx: RIPe2, EIGRP , OSPF, IS-1S Administrative Distance + [his the trustworthiness ofthe information received by the router. +The Numer is between 0 and 255 + Lesser the Administrative distance, higher the preference Routing Protocols and Their Default Administrative Distance Information Source AD Connected a Site 1 External BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) 20 Internal EIGRP (Enhanced IGRP) 90 IGRP (internet Gateway Rowting Protocol) 100. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) n0 IS-IS (Intermediate Systern to Intermediate Systeri) | 15 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) P20. External EIGRP 170 Internal BGP 200 Unk 255 NOTE: If the administrate distance is 2 the routing table 5, the router does not belie the source of that rewte and dows not instal the rowte in Building the Routing Table ‘The router builds a routing table by ruling out invalid routes and considering the reniaining advertisements. The procedure is 1. For each route recvived from other ronters, it verify the next hop. Incase Ifthe nexihop is inoalil( not reaclaabie ifthe interface is down), the route will not be installed in the routing table 2, If to or more valid routes are learned from different routing protocols, choose the path with the lowest AD. 3. Ifthe rowte learned from same routing protocol then AD value will be snie in that case , router decide the best route based on least metric calculation as per the protocol 4, Incase ifthe metric of two routes learned for any prefix is same it uses both the routes will be installed in the routing table and do equal cost loadbalancineg by default. 5, Routes are identical if they advertise the same prefix ated with different mask, Hike 192.168.0.0/16 and 192.168.0.0/24 are separate paths and both are each placed into the routing table. But it uses te longest prefix more prefered of both ifa packet within te range 1. 192.168.0.024 with next hop 1011.1 2. 192.168.0.0/16 with next hop 201.11 CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved REWORK Pave 73. 0.0.0.0/0 ziti next hop 100.1-1.1 Any packet destined with in the range of 192.168.0.0/24 uses alzonys the first ronte + Any packet destined out the range of 192.168.0.024 and with in the ninge of 192,168.0.0/16 uses the second rowte # Any packet destined out side the range of 192.168.0.0/16 (ex: 172.16.1.1) uses the third route packet flow VV {ind longest prefic match JO fornaraing | process. The longest prefix muatch always wins among te routes actually installed in the routing table, while the routing protocol ‘with the lowest administnatice distance always wins when installing routes into the routing table Comparison of Routing Protocols Property EIGRP OSPF BGP Method ‘Advanced distance vector Link state Path vector Summarization ‘Auto and manual Manual ‘Auto and Manual YLsM Yes Yes Yes Convergence Speed Very fast. Fast Slow ‘Timers: Update Triggered (LAN 5/15, Triggered, but LSA refreshes every Triggered (60/180) {hellofdead) WAN 60180) 30 minutes (NBMA 30/120, LAN 10/40) Network Size Large Large Very large ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL Vi + Open Standard Protocol Classfil routing protocol Updates are broadcasted tia 255,255.265.255 Adtninistrative distance is 120 Metric : Hop count Max Hop counts: 15 ‘Max routers: 16 © Load Balancing of 4 equal paths © Used for small organizations CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sakandax Goune Moinuddin CCIE (R65, 57) # 35012 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved REWORK Pave o© Periodic updates and Exchange entire routing table for every 30 seconds Rip Timers + Update timer: 30 sec = Time between consecutive updates + Invalid timer : 180 sec = Time a router vont to hear updates = The route is marked unreachable if there is no upulate during this intereal, © Flush timer : 240 sec = Time before the inealid route is remoted from the routing table + Hold down timer 180sec = Stabitizes routing information and helps preventing routing loops during periods when the topology is conzerging on new information. = Once a route is marked as wnreaclable, it must stay ie holddown long enough for all routers in the topology to learn about the unreachable network Convergence time isthe time taken by the router to use alternate route ifthe best route is down, RIP Version 2 + Classless routing protocol + Supports ViSM + Supports authentication + Uses mmiltcast adiiress 224.0.0.9. Advantages of RIP ~" Ensy to configure No design constraints like OS No complexity = Tess ocerien! Disadvantage of RIP = Bamuhvidth utilization is very high as broadlenst for every 30 second = Works only on hop cauant (not consider the Bandwidth} — Not sealable as hop count is only 15 Slow convergence Configuring RIPe 1 Rowter(confight router rip Rontter(config-router}# nettoork Configuring RIP 02 Router(confight router rip Router(config-router)# network Rontter(config-router)# version 2 Planning a Routing limplementation I is critical to take a structared approach fo planning a routing implementation and to document thoroughly once you are done. Taking an ad-hoc approach could lead to network instability, suboptimal routing, or soatablity problems, Four commonly used modets include + Cisco Lifestyle Services: Uses the PPDIOO model (Prepare, Plan, Design, Iniplement, Operate, and Optitnize.) Network engineers at the CCNP level are involved with the implementation plansing during the Design phase cand the Implementation itself caring the Tniplement phase. CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikandas Goune Mokmiddin COEF (R&S, 97) # 35012 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved RETWERK Pave o+ IT infrastructure Library (ITH): Emphasizes business requirements and processes as they relate to IT. Ieaplementation and implementation planning are part of ts best practices. + Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Perfonnance, and Security (FCAPS): Has five network management categories. inaplementation an iruplementation planning are under the Configuration management category. + Telecommunications Management Network (FMN): Based on the FCAPS mel. implementation anal implementation planning are one ofits building blocks. Eack approach includes identifying requirements, creating an iniplementation plan, implementing the changes, verifying your work, and then documenting it Creating an Implementation Plan To create are implementation plan you need to know what the network looks tike now, andl what it should look like wher you ave doue. This inwolves gathering information about the currentt network parameters such as TP addressing, physical connectivity, routing configuration, and equipment. Compare the current state to what is required. Be sire to include ary site-specific requirements and any dependencies on the existing network. An inplementation plan inetudes most of the following, some of which might be site-specific: A checklist of tasks to be done Yools and resources needed The schedule of work, coordinated witie all needed resources Device configurations Verification processes and tests Creating Implementation Documentation Dacumentation should be kept up-to-date, accurate, and accessible, It includes network information, tools and resources used, implementation tasks, verification metheds, device configurations, performance measurements, and possibly screen shots or pictures. LAB DEFAULT SETUP DIAGRAM CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved RETWORK Pave 10@ LOOPRACKS 12.0.0.1/24 22 i024 BE 1021/24 12.038.1/24 3%, tae 82. °e ‘LOOPBACKS oy 18.0.0.1/24 “ov 13.0.1.1/24 Sef 13.021/26 11.03.1/28°.y) 13.03.1/28 14,0.0.1/24 14.0.1.1/24 34.0.2.1/24 14.0.3.1/28 BASIC -CONFIGS ACCORDING TO THE LAB REQUIREMENT RI Routerenable Router teonf t Router (config)thostnamme Rt RU (confightno ip domain-lookup Ri(configntint fa RU (config-ip Hip add 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 Ri(config-ip no shutdown Ri(config-iftno keepative Ru (config-iPtexit Ri(config-ipttint si/0 Ki(config-ipitip add 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 Ri(config-iftiuo sh RU(config-iptexit Rifconfig-ipstint si/ Ri(configap stip add 444.2 255.0.0.0 Riconfig-ipitno sh Ri(config-iptexit CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved REWORK Page a2RZ R3 CONF Route Lab Workbook by Saket All contents are copreight @207 Ri (config-ip tint loop 0 Ri config-iftip add 11.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 Riconfig-ip tint loop 1 Ri(config-ip tip add 1.0.1.1 255,255.255.0 Ri(config-iptint loop 2 Ri(config-ip#ip add 11.0.2.1 255.255.255.0 RU (config-ipitint loop 3 Ri(config-iptip add 11.0.3.1 255.255.255.0 Ri (config ido write Rowter>enable Router #eonf t Router (confighhostnarne R2 R2(configytino ip domuin-lookup R2(confightint fa R2(config-iP#ip add 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 R2(config-iftino shut R2(config-ifttne keepalive R2(configap exit R2(config-iptint s1/0 R2(config-if Hip add 1.1.1.2 255.0.0.0 R2(config-ip#no shutdown R2config-ip# R2(config ip stint s1/1 R2¢config-pMtip add 2.2.2.1 255.0.0.0 R2config-ipitno she R2¢config-PHexit R2config-iptint loop 0 R2(config-ipip add 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 R2config-iptint loop 1 R2(config-ip Hip add 12.014 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if tint loop 2 R2(config-iptip add 12. R2(config-iptint loop 3 R2config-pip add 1203.1 2 R2(config-ifttdo write 1 255.255.2550 .255,298.0 Router>enable Router teonf t Router config)#hostname R3 Ra(configytino ip domain-lookup ‘een Gouse Moinuddin Core (RES, oF) # 35012 (Heron _saoe 22RAconfighitint fa/0 R3(config-ip tip add 30.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 Ri(config-iftino shut R3(config-ifino Keepative R3tconfig-iprexit R3(config-ip tint S170 R3(config-iPtip add 2.2.2.2 255.0.0.0 R3(config-iino sh R3(config-ipitexit Ra(config-iptint st/t R3(config-iftip add 3.33.1 255.0.0.0 R3(config-ipno sh R3(config-iptexit Ra(config-iptint loop 0 R3(config ip tip add 13,0.0.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if int loop 1 R3(config-iptip add 13.0.1.1 2 R3config-ipttint loop 2 RS (config-iP#ip add 13.0.2.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-ip#int loop 3 R3(config stip add 13,0.3.1 255.259.2550 R3(config-ipitdo write 55.255.0 Ra Router>enable Router teonf t Router (confighhostname R& Ra(confightno ip domain-lookup Ra(confighitint fa0/0 RAlconfig-itip add 4011.1 255.0.0.0 Ra(config-iptino shut RAfconfig-iftino keepalive Ra(confignip exit Rafconfig-iptine sO Rafconfig-iftip add 3.3.3.2 2550.00 Ra(config-ipitno sh Rifconfig-ip exit RA(config-iptint SIL RA(config-itip add 4.4.4.1 255.0.0.0 Gouse Moinuddin CCIE (RES, SF) # 38012 (2024 ALL sights covecved CONF Route Lab Workbook by Saket All contents are copreight @207 (Rerywonk nage 29RA(config-ipino sh Ravconfig-iftexit Ra(config-ifttint loop 0 Ra(config-ip tip add 14.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 Ra(config-ip#int loop 1 RA(config-ip tip add 14.01.12 Ra(config-ip#int loop 2 255,255.0 Ra(config-ipip auld 140.2.1 259.255.255.0 Ra(config-ipsint loop 3 Ra(config-ipip auld 140.3. 255.255.255.0 RA(config-iptdo write Goune Motnuddin Core (R65, 9) # 98032 (2024 Ali rights ceserved RETWORK Pave 16 All contents are copreight @207ABOUT GNS3 SIMULATION TOOL + GNS3 is an open source software that sinmilate complex networks while being as close as possible to the way real networks perform, All of this without having dedicated network hardware such as rowters and switches. + ONS3 is un excellent alternative or complementary tool to real Inbs for network engineers, administrators and people siudying for certifications such as Cisco CCNA, CCNP and CCIE as well as Juniper JNCIA, JNCIS and JNCIE. Opere source networking is supported ton! It can also be used to experiment with features oF to check configurations that need to be deployed Inter on real devices. + Touse GNSS you first need to provide your own copy of a network operating system, like Cisco 10S, PIX, ASA, IPS or Juniper junOS. Yout can dovonload GNS3 softieare from http. fone gns3, netfdonnton HOW TO INSTALI. AND USE GNS3 1. Install GNS3 ot PC 2. Copy TOS inunges to a specific folier 3. Set the path for 4a, project directory (where you want your GN files to be saved by defiult) b. image directory Cawhere you hnrew your IOS images saved) working directory (temperory files relating to GNS3) ‘General General Dynamips Capture coma sao Lemna etry | aaa Qerma Larmuase Engen zi Lamen the poet deg at tarp karen th for roms Waning betasen exch eat han string every deve: Descnde Pathe Projet dectary [ova be IG nage recy: Gre GJ ertguaon ie \pocuerts ar Setngshard Apion ata CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved RETWORK Pave 15" i ae : Hess © lseimpeeanerevens cea 4 jambs wp. Qo eeapareuy [Eipeeunes tebe teeter Ete cat nin ety bean i [om 3) favo rae estore ierdermspacrct (leet ar chara mpottrnanas > 222Rce) eee sons nerery spout Ge Yow should the message as displayed bow HSS StS CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved RETWERK Pave 16General Dynamips Dynamips: Capture ‘nares | ype nanan | Qemu vcore ‘ahi drain tonal deanthewetinadetary reblest 5 sae Dera pase menery prot eee suse iv the future Tabs aso if required a Sibel Maer Preferences Asafrenad per rater SS Benet such CONF Route Lab Workbook by Sikandar Gouse Moinuddin CCIE (R&S, All contents are copyeight 2013 ~ 2024 AlZ rights ceserved Faw 7am S| am rb MT ching surat (Ons 7 02.8RC2) oF) # 35012 lanewosiesee [cspocuvetstendstocastiierp Gad 5. Add the 108 images fo be used by GNS3 for specific rowter models arud click save option to sace the images to he a Osmaris (Cerywonk save 27[Tostse | benatvpavene basine otha fag oar (ate 8] ha woman eaten orate meta tata Ce Gee) Ce 6. Design the topology as per your eytirement Configure the routers fo add the specific modules (and cards requived) for connections to be made as per the requirement. b. Toad cards seect the rowers and right click to get the options to configure 753 x JSGSS2 dele OFM > Im 3 ouroreroecot mr route sab woulbook by sthandar gouse woinusdin Coxe (MS, AP) $ 38012 SP a eee reese Seen tet oe (ReryoRK sage 20= EE Rou ters 7200 group Fe Eee to manip a Se arms Routers 7200 group cae | neroecandate [ Sa ates dom [ROTORE ¥ 2 Oe an | a 7. Design the topology ( providle connectivity as per te requirement) [esa ia On Se Se om CONF Route Lab Workbook by Sikandar Gouse Moinuddin CCIE (R&S, All contents are copyeight 2013 ~ 2024 AlZ rights ceserved oF) # 35012 (Rerywonk_naoe 298. Start all the devices a. Once the devies get started you will observe your CPU niilization goes very high (sometimes even 100% dependon PC configuration) 9 Lomininsize your CPU utilization we need to Calculate a. Rightclick on any single router and select IDLEPC option b. prefered values will be seen as asterisk “*** ee {es a\e (resem 9 vo OFeEr iis 5S. as fe pr IBS vin one = coe SE a ~ 10, To get in to the CLI on the routers we neet to use the option console on the tab options or right click om renters to get option console mr route sab woulbook by sthandar gouse woinusdin Coxe (MS, AP) $ 38012 SP a eee reese Seen tet oe (ReryWoRK_saoe 2011. Basic configurations according to the lab setup ( you will find in Previous pages) 12. Save the configs using WRITE or COPY RUN START commands. 13. In oder to ensure that the GN'S3 has fo reload the same configs again everytime when Iopen the topology we need to Export she NVRAM configs fo any specific folder. If we do not export the configs ony topology will be saved but it ‘will not load the configs as there 18 wo NVRAM here in GNS3, Motnuddin CCIE (R&S. SP) # 35012 2 seserved GETWGRK Pave 2ic pce 14, To save this fopology along with configurations go to FILF. and SAVE permanently Once the topology designed and configured with the basic configs , saved in cnn be used in the ficture fabs all retating to CCNP RS mode ithe coming sections, ‘the entire labs in the every topic is done mostly based on she same topology mr route sab woulbook by sthandar gouse woinusdin Coxe (MS, AP) $ 38012 SP a eee reese Seen tet oe (Heron _naoe 22EIGRP Frhuanced Intertor Gateway Routing Protocol (FIGRP) Cisco cells EIGRP a distauce-cector routing protocol or sometintes an advanced distance-cector or even a hybrid routing protocol The following ane some features of EIGRP: Cisco proprietary advanced distance vector lassless routing protocol Metric 32 bid): Composite Metric (BVV + Delay + load + MTU + reliabitity ) Fast convergence. Support for VLSM. Partial updates conserve network bandovideh Support for IP, AppleTalk, aad IPX. Runs directly over IP, using protocol nunber 88. Supports equal anal unequal cost load batencing Use of auidtcast (and unicast «here appropriate) instead of brondeusts, Support for authentication. uses « complex metric based on txmnoidtht and delay Manual summarization at any interface Uses muilteast 224.0.0.10, Hello packets are sent every 5 seconds (dead nterval 15 see) Contcergence rate is very fast EIGRP’s function is controlled by four key technologies: Neighbor discovery and maintenance: Periodic hello messages The Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP): Controls sensing, tracking, and acknowledging FIGRP messages Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL): Determines the best loop-free route Protocol-independent modules (PDM): Modules are “plug-ins” for TP, IPX, and AppreTatk versions of EIGRP RYN EIGRP maintains three tables + Neighbor table — Contains list of directly connected routers — When a newly discovered neighbor is learned, the address and interface of the neighhor are recorded, and this information is held in the neighbor table, stored in RAM. —_ # show ip eigrp neighbor + Topology table — Listofall the best routes learned from each neighbor — # Show ip eigrp topology + Routing table = Thee best route to the destination — # show ip route ‘The neighbor and topology tubles are stored in RAM and nutintained through the wse of Hello and update packets, Yes, the routing table is also stored in RAM, but that information is gathered only from the topotogy table. Successor CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved REWORK Pave 23+ Successor is te best route to a remote destination neteork. + A successor route is used by EIGRD to forward traffic toa destination and is stored in the routing inble Feasible successor +A feasible suecessor is a second best route fo a remote destination netaork and itis considered a backup route FIGRP uses Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) for selecting aad maintaining the best path to each remote network. This elgorithon allows for the following: + Backup route determination ifone is available + Support of VISMs + Dynamic route recoveries + Queries for an alternate route if no route can be found Packet Types EIGRP uses fice packet types Identifies neighbors and serves as.a keep alive mechartisin Retinbly sends route information Roliably requests specific route information Retinbly responds toa query Acknowledgment Neighbor Discovery and Route Exchange Wien EIGRP first starts, it uses hellos to build a neighbor table. Neightors are directly attached routers that have a mictching AS inannber and k values. (The timers don’t hace to agree.) The process of weighbor discovery and route exchange between favo EIGRP routers is as follows: Step 1. Router A sends out a hello. Step 2. Router B sends back a hello and an update, The update contains routing information. Step 3. Router A acknowledges the update. Step 4. Router A sends its update. Step 5. Router B acknowledges, Initial Route Discovery Tam outer, whois onthe ink? @ eres my complete routing information ae Pe] Thane tor the inormation! Horie my complete out information. “Thanks forthe information! Converged mr route sab woulbook by sthandar gouse woinusdin Coxe (MS, AP) $ 38012 SP a eee reese Seen tet oe (Rerywonk nace 20When two routers are EIGRP neighbors, they wse hellos between them as keepalives. Additional route information is sent only if route is ost or a new route is discovered. A neighbor is considered lost if no hello is received withine three hello periods (called the hold time). The default helloftotd timers are as follows: 4+ 5 seconds/15 seconds for multipoint circuits with bandwidth greater than TI (1500 kb/s bandwidth) and for point-to-point media with any bandwidth + 60 seconds/180 seconds for multipoint circuits with bendividth less than or equal to TL (2500 kb/s bandwidth) CONFIGURING EIGRP FOR IP Rowter(configitt router EIGRP Rowter(config-router}#network network-id [wildcard-mask] AS 108 172.166.0 192.168.1.0 router eigep 109 network 10.0.0.0 network 172,16.0.0) 72.16.4.0 VERIFYING EIGRP Ri#show ip EIGRP neighbors Rishocw ip route ETGRP Rittshow ip protocols Ritshow ip EIGRP interfaces SING THE WILDCARD MASK IN EIGRP- CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved REWORK Pave 25172.484.0 External Network Not Part. Sof EIGRP AS 400, a NOTE: + EIGRP uses utonomons systent numbers to identify the collection of routers that shure ronte information, Only routers that have the saone autoromens systens naambers shave routes, + AS no shouid be same on all routers to become neighbors and exchange the routes. + EIGRP routers that belong to different autonomous systents (ASes) don’t automatically share routing information an they don't become neightors. #shovw ip route Shozos the entire routing table #show ip route eigrp Shows only EIGRP et tries in the routing table show ip eigrp neighbors Shows all FIGRP neighbors #show ip eigrp topology Shoces entries iv the EIGRP topology table CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved REWORK Pave 26LAB VERIFYING EIGRP PROCESS ~~ s1/0 s1/0 ~ TASK: + Open the default topology designed and start RI R2 + Verify the preconfigurations as per the diagram and ensure that all the interfaces are working. RiAsh ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Seviali/t 444.2 YESNVRAM up down unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down unassigned — YES NVRAM adniinistratively down down Foophackd 1.0.0.1 YESNVRAM up uy Toophackt 11014 YFSNVRAM up up Loopack2 11.024 YESNVRAM up up Tooptack3 1103.1 YESNVRAM up np R2#sh ip int brief Interface IP-Adidress OK? Method Status Protocol Seriali/1 22.21 YESNVRAM uj down Seriali/2 nassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dorm Serial unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down Loopback) 120.01 YESNVRAM up up Loopback 22011 YESNVRAM up up Loopback? 12021 YESNVRAM up wy Loophick3 1203.1 YESNVRAM up up RiAping 1.1.12 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds: mut ‘Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip minfaog/nax = 28/76/140 ms Turn on debug for eigrp packets on RI to verify the FIGRP process between RI and R2 + Configure EIGRP 100 on both routers and advertise directly connected interfaces as per the diagram Riddebug eigrp packets CONF Route Lab Workbook by Saket All contents are copreight @207EIGRP Packets debugging is om (UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUERY, SIAREPLY} RU(confight router eigrp 100 Ri(config-routers# network 10.0.0.0 RU(config-router}# network 1.0.0.0 Ri(config-routen# end Ri Mor 1 00489.179: FR? SSSA “Mar 1 00:03:29.183: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely O/0 “Mar 1 OOSMHSMO75: E1GRI “Mar 1 00:03:30,075: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq Q/0 idb(3 (/0 itd w/rety 0 *Mar 100} 05:33.651: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Fast:thernetQ/) *Mar 1 00:03:33,655: AS 100, Flags Ox0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0 iidbQ un/rely O10 “Mar 100} "Mar 1 00:03:34.671; AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iulbQ uifrely OD *Mar 1 00:03:38,235: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on FastEtherct/) “Mar 1 00:03:38.235: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 idbQ im/rely 0/0 “Mar 1 00:03:39,295: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Seriatt/0 “Mar 1 00:03:39,299: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 stb 0/0 idbQ unfrely 0/0 The hello packets are unanswered by the other routers because EIGRPis not yet running on R2 RI Ash ip eigrp interfaces AP-EIGRP interfaces for Xwnit Quewe Mean Pacing Time Multicast Pending Interface Peers Un/Reliable SRTT Un/Reliable Flow Timer Routes Fao 9 0) 0 of Oo 90 seo 0 9 0 os 347 0 R2#debug eigrp packets EIGRP Packets debugging is om (UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUERY, STAREPLY) Reet R2(confightronter eigrp 100 R2config-routery#network 20.0.0.0 R2config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 R2config-router}#end ‘Mor 1 00:14:15,375: BIGRPESEHIFIIHIELLO on FastthernetQ/0 “Mar 1 00:14:15,375: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Sen 0/0 idbQ OAD HidbQQ tin/rely 0/0 ‘hr 1001413467: EGR Song on Sol *Mar 1 00:14:15.491; AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbO 0/0 tidbQ un/rety 0/0 °Mor 10141367; BIGRP: Rest EL Osi Shia iie 10.1 come noses sab woribvos Oy #ttandat couse Mnunuacin en (neon a¥) 4 38012 SP eee sage Sree oe (Rerywonk_saoe 20‘Mar 1 00:14:15,615: AS 100, a i ae “Mav 1 00:14:15,623: EIGRE: ne LAL iidbQ wajrely O/ peerQ un/rety oo *Mar 1 00:14:15,627: BIGRPAREGERGEHUPDAME on Serial I/O nbr 1.1.1.1 “Mar 1.00:14;15,631; AS 100, Flags 0x1, Seq 5/0 idbQ 0/0 db Q unfrely O/1 peer un/rely O0 “Mar 1 00:14:15,635: EIGRP: Requeued unicast on Serial1/D *Mar 1 00:14:15.635: EIGRP: Engueweing UPDATE on Serial1/0 tide Q unjrely 0/1 serno 1-2 *Mar 1 00:14:15.639: EIGRP: Forcing multicast xii on Serial1/0 “Mar 1 00:14:15.643: FIGRP: Frqueweing UPDATE on Seriali/0 vbr 1.1.7.1 iidbQ-unprely 0/0 poor an/rety Of serno 1-2 “Mar 100-4:15.655 EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Sei ‘Mar 1.00:14:15.655: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seg 0 idbQ (/0 itdbQ un/rely OD ‘Mar 1 00:1413.663: EIGREESEHAAUPDAECRSEARIL) ntr.11.1 ‘Mar 1 00:14:15.663: AS 100, Flags Ox1, Seq 1/5 idbQ 0/0 tidbQ unfrely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/2 ie {ont 1s 77 alicia “Mar 1.00:14:13.779: AS 100, Flags 0x8, Seq 6/1 idbQ 0/0 1idbQ wayrely OD peer un/rely 0/2 “May 1 00:14:15,779: BIGRP® Briquetiebig ACK Gif SOPIAI/O nb 1.1.1.1 “Mar 10:14:15,783: Ack seq 6 fidbQ un/rely O/1 peor 1en/rely 1/1 “Mar 1 00:14:15,791: EIGRP: Suppressed ACK 6 fo LL1.1 on Seriall/O “Mar 1 00:14:15,795: EIGRP: Sending UPDATE on Serial 0 nbr 1.1.1.1 “Mar 1 00:14:15,795: AS 100, Flags 0x8, Seq 2/6 idbQ 0/0 idbQ unfrely 0/1 peerQ un/rely 0/1 serno R2Hundebug all The debug output displays the ETGRP hello, update, and ACK packets, Because FIGRP uses Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) for update packets, you see routers replying to update packets with the ACK packet, You can turn off debugging with the undebug allcommand. R2Ash ip eigrp neighbors IP-FIGRP neighbors for process 100 H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ans) Cut Nac Note: In the output, the “H” colunn on the left lists the order in which a peering session was established with the specified neighbor. The onder uses sequential numbering, starting with 0. The “A” stauds for “handle,” which isan internal number used by the ETGRP iniplementatiow to refer to.a particular weighihor R2#sh ip route vite R24ping 101.14 ‘Type escape sequernce to abort Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, tinteout is2secomis: mi Success rate és 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/38/56 ms age Se AS" #2 eryege sae 2Maximum Paths and Hop Count By default, EIGRP can provide equal-cost load balancing of up to four links (actually all rnvting protocols do this) However, you eran have FIGRP actually load-balance across up to six links (equal or unequal) by using the following command: R-L(confighrouter eigrp 10 R-tlcon Zzourentmasnue pats ? EIGRP has a maximum hop count of TOOWPMRAMUE, but it can be set up t0 255, PodIRi (config) trouter eigrp 100 Poll eg Ler}#metric maximum-hops ? EIGRP METRIC CALCULATION 10° k2x BW, ks metric = 256(kl x —— +—®®. + k3« § delays)( —————_ 564 BW, 256— load x m8) aliabiling +kd ) ‘BW)/ 256 -lond)) + K3* dela Formula with defaudt K values (KI = 1, K2 = 0, K3= 1, KE= 0, K5= 0) EIGRP Metric BIV= (LOowwest Bancwidtie in kbpps}*256 Delays (stm of total delay/10}*256 By default, EIGRP metric: Metric = bandwidth (slowest link) + delay (sum of delays) 64 kbps Delay 2000 256 kbps 256 kbps Delay 2000 256 kbps 256 kbps. Delay 2000 Delay 2000 Least bandwidth 64kbps Total delay 6,000 Least bandwidth 256 kops Total delay 8,000 The output of this command shows the following information regarding EIGRP: CRF Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikandas Goune Mokmuddin CCIF (R65, 57) # 35012 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved REWORK Pave 30+The bandwidth metric represents the mininum bandtwidth among all links comprising the path to the © destination neticork, + The delay metric represents the totaldelay over the path, ©The minimum MTU represents the smallest MTU along the path. Note: # [fa deliberte metric manipulation is necessary ont a router to force i ta prefer one interface over + another for EIGRP-discovered routes, itis recommended to use the interface-level command “delay” for these + prerposes. While the “bandwidth” connand can also be used to influence the metrics of EIGRE-discovered © routes throught a particular interface, iis discouraged because the “bandwidth” will also influence the ammount + of banutwidth reserved for EIGRP packets and other TOS subsystems as well. The “delay” parameter specifies * the value of the interface delay that is used exclusively by EIGRPto perform metric catculations and does not # ingluence any other area of 10S operation. Defining the interface’s bandwidth and delay Rowler(config) # interface serial YO Router(config-if'# bandwidth Router(config-iftdelay <10 of microseconds> DUAL Terminology + Selects lowest-cost, loop-free patie to enh destination + Feasible Distance + Total cost from local router to destination + cost from: local router = AD of next-hop router + cost betcoven the local roster and the wext-hop router + Advertise Distance + Cost from the nexi-fop rowter to the destination + Lowest-cost = lowest FD + (Current) successor = next-hop router with lowest-cost, loop free path + Feasible successor = backup router wit loop-free pat will be calculated if it satisfy the condition ED of current successor route > AD of feasible successor Feasible Successor= Second best AD < FD of Successor EIGRP with feasible successor CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved REWORK Pave 521000 1500 1500 a od S.NO ATOF FEASIBLE DISTANCE ADVERTISE DISTANCE 1 ABP 2000 1000 2 ACE 3000 1500 3. ADEF 7000 5000 Feasible successor = backup router with loop-free patl will be calculated if it satisfy the eowdition ED of current successor route should be greater than AD of feasible successor + In the above digram aid table it satisfies the abooe condition s0 + Successar route ABF Feasible successor ACF CONF Route Lab Workbook by Sikandar Gouse Moinuddin CCIE (R&S, SP) # 35012 All contents are copyeight 2013 ~ 2024 AlZ rights ceserved (Rerywonk_naoe 22EIGRP without feasible successor: NO ATOF FEASIBLE DISTANCE ADVERTISE DISTANCE 1 2000 1000 2 4000 2500 3 7000 5000 Feasible successor = backup router with loop-fiee path veil be calculated if it satisfy the condition FD of current successor route should be greater than AD of feasible successor ‘+ in the above digram and table do not satisfies the aboce condition so + Successor route is ABF and there is no Feasible successor considered DUAL -Stuck In Active + Afler the rowter hrs chosen a path fo. network, itis passive for that route + Ifa successor path is lost and no feasible successor is identified, the router sends ont queries on all interfaces in an attempt to identify an alternate path, © His active for that route, No snucessor can be chosen until the router receiows a reply to ail queries. + Ifa reply is missing for 3 minutes, the router becomes stuck in actiee (SLA). In Ht case, it resets the neightor relationship with the weighbor that did not reply. ‘Three common causes for SIA routes are © CPL or memory usage is so high on the neighbor that if cannot process the query or reply. ‘+The link between the routers drops packets. Enough packets get throught to maintain the neighbor relationship, but some queries or replies are dropped. © Unidirectional link, so the router never recetves packets from its neighbor. EIGRP Bandwidth Utilization © EIGRP uses up to 50% of bandwidth by default; this bandwidth utilization can be charged GoRF Route ia Woxkbook Dy Takandas Gouna Mokmiddin CCIE (R65, 7) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved REWORK Pave 33+ The command to change the percentage of bandwith used by EIGRP is percent EIGRP | Planning an EIGRP Implementation When planning en EIGRP implementation, gather the folowing information: © Current network setup and future requirements: Document the IP addressing used and the network topology, including links types, bandividth, and utilization. A good 1P addressing design allows summarization at various points in the netieork. + Network design: Although EIGRP does not require a hierarchical network design, it can perfornt more efficiently within that type of uetwork + Plans for EIGRP scaling options: These would inelude suummarization, stub areas, and changes in interfice metrics to improve hendwidth utilization. Your final implementation plan needs to include detailed parmmeters such as the exact topology, IP networks to be advertised, EIGRP AS anumiber, lists of routers to run EIGRP, and any nondefoult metrics t0 be used. It needs to list inuplementation tasks for eack router in the network, Finally if needs to provide verification tasks for encl router sticieas verifying neighbors, TP routing tables, EIGRP topology tables, and network connectivity To implement EIGRP authentication, first create a plan: + Took at the current configuration to determine the AS number and interfaces where it will be configured. + Decide the authentication type. (For EIGRP this nuust be MD5,) + Decide the key strings. ard how manny keys wil be sed. + Optionally decide the key lifetimes. Customizing the EIGRP Configuration EIGRP Scalability Four factors influence EIGRP"s sealability: 1. The number of routes that must be exchanged 2. The number of routers that must know ofa fopolegy change 3. The number of alternate routes to a network 4. The number of hops from one end of the network to the other (topology depth) 1 iniprove scalability, summarize routes woken possible, try to hace a netvork depth of no more thax seven hops, and limit the scope of EIGRP queries. Active Process Enhancement The Active Process Fithancement enables routers to use SIA-Queries and SIA-Replis fo prevent the loss of « neighbor unnecessarily dering SIA conditions. A router senuls its neighbor a SIA-Query after no reply to a normal query. Ifthe neighbor responds with « SLA-Reply, the router does not ferntinate He neighbor relationship after 3 minutes, because it knw tie neiglthor is available Graceful Shutdown Graceful shutdown is another feature that speeds network convergence. Whenever the EIGRP process is slut down, the router sends a “goodbye” message to its neighbors. Ironically, the goodbye message is sent ina “hello” packet. The neighbors then immediately recalculate any paths that used the router as the next op, rather than waiting for the hold timer o expire Passive Interface CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved REWORK Pave 34The passive-interface command prevents either routing updates or hello messages from being sent out an interface, RIP does not send updates when it enabled; EIGRP and OSPF do not send hellos, and thus they don't discover neighbors or form an ailjacency ont that interface. To disable the protocol on one interface, use the routing protocol configuration contmand passive-interface interface. To turu off the protocol on all interfaces, use passivesinterface default. You can ‘hen use no passive-interface interfice for the ones that should run the protocol, as shown here: Router(confight ronter EIGRP 7 Router(eonfig-rouer)# passive-interface default Router(eontfig-router)# no passive-interface 81/0 Unicast Neighbors EIGRP usually 1ses u multicast to IP address 224.0.0.10 for its messages, You can configure it to use a unicast address instead with the routing protocol configuration command neighbor ip-address, The IP address must be in the sane subnet as one of the router's own interfaces Trouble Shooting EIGRP. For successful neighbor relationship there are few attributes must match between EIGRP enabled routers. 1. AS number must match. 2. Authentication password must match 3. K values must match EIGRP neighbors Steps for Troubleshooting EIGRP 1) connectivity (ping , IP, MASK.) 2) advertisements 3) mismatch of any ofthe 2 ASNO b K-values © Authentication Ship EIGRP neighbors Sit ip protoculs She rus Se run ink fi0/0 Debug eigrp packets CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved ETWORK Pave 35SUMMARIZATION #Itis the process of combinsing smaller nettcorks in to single large sub network (Contbining the contagious address into one aru send to neighbor) + Tthetps in reducing the size of routing table, Advantages + Minimizing the routing table © Less use of resources like memory, processor, bamdcoidth ‘avo Type of Summarization + Auto summary # Manual summary AUTO SUMMARY + Suinmarization is done to a defiutt class full boundary 2A 1B fe "Cc fa + Class full routing protocol does auto stentmary by default vd it can’t be disabled 1+ Routing protocol like RIPC2, EIGRP, BGP suport auto stenemnry an oan be disabted ‘+ Routing protoco! like OSPF and ISIS doesn’t support auto summary Disadvantages of Auto-summar + Ginn create Problems if the network is in discontiguoes Subnets + Notalwrys applicable To enable or disable auto summary Ronter(config-router)# [no} auto-summary Manual summary © Adiministrator manually configures Summarization ‘© This supported by all classless routing protocols “~~ Crowns 131 NN S 192.168.8,0/22 + > > x N 192.1688 == ji. ) aS $0 AAS ™ Rt 192,168.10.) ALT EIGRP Route Summarization: Automatic CORP Route iad Woukbook Dy Sikanda: Goune Moinuddin COEF (R65, 97) # 35032 All contents aze conyeight 62013 ~ 2024 All rights reserved ETWERK Pave 36Purpose: Smaller routing tables, smaller updates Automatic summarizatio + On major network boundaries, subnetworks are summarized to a single classfl (major) network, + Automatic summarization occurs by deftult. TTAB. TIRATXX | aw EIGRP Route Summarization: Manual Manual summarization has the following characteristics: + Summarization is configurable on a per-interface basis in any router within a netrvork. When summarization is configiered on an interface, the router immediately creates a route pointing to rui0. When the last specific route of the surumary goes auy, the summary is deleted. The reininaum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric ofthe sucamary roe, To Creates a summary address that this interface will generate. [Router(config-if# ip summary-address EIGRP