Verification

Manual
Version 12.2

2009

prepared checked approved

Date: 01.08.2003 Date: 19.01.2009 Date: 22.01.2009
S. Fahrendholz/R.Geiger Dr.-Ing. Jrgen Bellmann Dr.-Ing. Casimir Katz

Document name: q:\dok\qs\verification.doc

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 1

 Table of Content

1 Quality Certification ............................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Developement and Production ...................................................................................... 3
1.2 Reporting of Bugs and Software Enhancements ........................................................... 3
2 Validation .............................................................................................................................. 4
2.1 Test No IC1 - Tapered Membrane End Load ................................................................ 5
2.2 Test No IC2 - Tapered Membrane Gravity Load............................................................ 6
2.3 Test NO IC3 - Tapered Membrane Edge Shear ............................................................ 7
2.4 Test No IC4 - Tapered Membrane Gravity Load............................................................ 8
2.5 Test No IC5 - Circular Membrane Edge Pressure ......................................................... 9
2.6 Test No IC6 - Circular Membrane Point Load .............................................................. 10
2.7 Test No IC7 - Cicular Membrane Parabolic Temperature............................................ 11
2.8 Test No IC8 - Shear Diffusion ...................................................................................... 12
2.9 Test No IC9 - Elliptic Membrane .................................................................................. 13
2.10 Test No IC10 - Tapered Plate Edge Shear .............................................................. 14
2.11 Test No IC11 - Tapered Plate Gravity ...................................................................... 15
2.12 Test No IC12 - Elliptic Plate Normal Pressure ......................................................... 16
2.13 Test No IC13 - Skew Plate Normal Pressure ........................................................... 17
2.14 Test No IC14 - Tapered Thick Shell Pressure Load ................................................ 18
2.15 Test No IC15 - Tapered Thick Shell Self-weight ...................................................... 19
2.16 Test No IC16 - Cylinder-Taper-Sphere Temperature ............................................... 20
2.17 Test No IC17 - Hemisphere External Pressure ........................................................ 21
2.18 Test No IC18 - Hemisphere Point Load ................................................................... 22
2.19 Test No IC19 - Cylindrical Shell Edge Moment ........................................................ 23
2.20 Test No IC24 - Catenoidal Shell Internal Pressure .................................................. 24
2.21 Test No IC27 - Cylinder/Sphere Internal Pressure ................................................... 25
2.22 Test No IC28 - Circular Paraboloid Gravity .............................................................. 26
2.23 Test No IC29 - Z-Section Cantilever Torsion Bending ............................................. 27
2.24 Test No IC30 - Z-Section Cantilever Beam Bending ................................................ 28
2.25 Test No IC31 - Axisymmetric Hyperbolic Shell - Edge Loading ............................... 29
2.26 Test No IC32 - Axisymmetric Hyperbolic Shell - Pressure ....................................... 30
2.27 Test No IC34 - Axisymmetric Catenoidal Shell - Pressure ....................................... 31
2.28 Test No IC37 - Axisymmetric Stiffened Cylinder - Pressure..................................... 32
2.29 Test No IC38 - Axisymmetric Cylinder/Sphere - Pressurre ...................................... 33
2.30 Test No IC39 - Axisymmetric Cylinder/Sphere - Pressure ....................................... 34
2.31 Test 5 Fundamental 2D Plasticity Benchmark ......................................................... 35
2.32 Test 5 "Dynamic for Deep Simply-Supported Beam" ............................................... 39
2.33 Test 5H "Harmonic Forced Vibration Response" ..................................................... 40
2.34 Test 5P "Periodic Forced Vibration Response ......................................................... 41
2.35 Test 5T "Transient Forced Vibration Response" ...................................................... 42
3 Literature ............................................................................................................................. 43

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 2

1 Quality Certification
SOFiSTiK- Software is continuously developed since 1981 and used by over 10000
customers. To assure the highest quality for our customers we have installed a quality
assurance system with the following steps.
1.1 Developement and Production
Each new software feature is thoroughly validated by a team of developers, supporters
and external customers. A set of reference examples is thus created and documented
(partly in German) During the life time of the software questions arising are treated by
an intense discussion with customers, authorities and scientists to find the best
interpretation.

For each minor release of the software (or at least once per month) an automatic
comparison of the current results with the reference examples is performed to detect
any deviations introduced by other bug fixes. These so called "current versions" are
available for all customers with an automatic procedure via Internet. (SONAR) This
assures that most bugs will be detected at an early stage.

Fast fixes of the software are published as separate beta-versions.

Once a year a QS-Release is published on CD/DVD. A period of approximately three

months is foreseen to assure the actuality of the manuals, online help and to validate
the overall consistency of the total software environment. The reference examples are
tested on all major targets (i.e. Linux, Windows). These Versions are shipped to all
customers. At most every two years we allow for a general new release with changes
in the basic structure of the software (e.g. 16 to 32 Bit, or DOS to Windows or a
change of the used compiler versions)
1.2 Reporting of Bugs and Software Enhancements

Each request from our customers is traced with an helpdesk system assuring that no
problem will be lost. All bug fixes or enhancements of the software are documented
with version number and date in html files associated to every program module. Serious
bugs will be announced to our customers via E-mail if the have registered to our news
letter. There is also a forum on the internet www.sofistik.de / or ww.sofistik.com to
discuss latest developments and analysis techniques.

Although this procedure has minimized the number of errors in the Software, SOFiSTiK
can not assure that their software is bug-free or that it will solve a particular problem in
a way which is concluding with the opinion of the user in all details. We strongly
recommend therefore to use the engineering skill when evaluating the results of any
software.

1.3 Insurance

SOFiSTiK is Member of the German Association of Consulting Engineers (VBI) and has
an professional indemnity insurance.

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 3

2 Validation
The tasks covered by SOFiSTiK- Software are so large, that it is not possible to
validate all specific features with known reference solutions.

Thus there are variant sources of validation:

Internal verification examples for white box testing maintained by the

programmer and not generally available to the public.

The examples in the manuals wiIl show the general behaviour of the program
and will give expected or approved results for comparison.

The lections given at the annual user meeting of SOFiSTiK (since 1988) show
the practical usage of the software within a wide range of applications and the
scientific background.

Externally established examples. As SOFiSTiK is a member of the NAFEMS

(www.nafems.org) we have taken most of the examples of the NAFEMS
Benchmarks, which follow on the next pages. These are:

P07 Linear Static Benchmarks Vol. 1 Hitchings

P08 Linear Static Benchmarks Vol. 2 Hitchings
R0016 Selected Benchmarks for forced vibration Maguire et. al.
R0026 Selected Benchmarks for Material Linken
nonlinearity

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 4

2.1 Test No IC1 - Tapered Membrane End Load
Classification: Disk, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Disk,
Edge compression, Line load

Short description:
In this test the simple disk system, depicted above, is analysed with an end load of 10 MN/m, whereby an
isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the
system is generated with an element mesh of 2x2 quadrilateral elements. In the subsequent cases the
number of elements are doubled, up to case 6, which then has 64x64 quadrilateral elements. The
calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxx in point B. Benchmark value 61.3 MPa (8x8 elements), for an 8-node second order
and a 16-node third order quad-element. The results of the benchmark and the program ASE can be
found in the following table:

Benchmark (8-node quad) ASE

Mesh Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa) Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa)
Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy
2x2 31.30 -3.10 -0.73 61.90 -10.80 0 48.37 -2.19 -3.56 65.91 -1.92 0
4x4 23.10 -0.91 -0.69 60.90 -9.36 0 37.29 -1.75 -1.76 62.37 -7.73 0
8x8 16.70 -0.61 -0.56 61.30 -8.97 0 27.97 -1.13 -0.81 61.66 -8.54 0
16x16 20.80 -0.73 -0.33 61.42 -8.75 0
32x32 15.32 -0.49 -0.11 61.36 -8.80 0
64x64 11.20 -0.34 -0.25 61.34 -8.81 0

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic1_e.dat

Last changed: 05.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 5

2.2 Test No IC2 - Tapered Membrane Gravity Load

Classification: Disk, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Disk,
Self-weight, Gravitational load

Short description:
In this test the simple disk system, depicted above, is analysed with a self-weight of p=70 kN/m in the x-
direction and a gravitational acceleration of 9.81 m/s, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of
210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the system is generated with an element mesh
of 2x2 quadrilateral elements. In the subsequent cases the number of elements are doubled, up to case 6,
which then has 64x64 quadrilateral elements. The calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxx in point B. Benchmark value 0.247 MPa (8x8 elements), for an 8-node second order and
a 16-node third order quad-element. The results of the benchmark and the program ASE can be found in the
following table:

Benchmark (8-node quad) ASE

Mesh Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa) Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa)
Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy
- - - -
2x2 0.142 0 0.258 -0.0147 0 0.1404 0.1866 0
0.00693 0.0120 0.0033 0.00113
- - - - -
4x4 0.100 0.247 -0.0958 0 0.1270 0.2153 0
0.00193 0.00457 0.0054 0.0007 0.01850
- - - - -
8x8 0.0702 0.247 0 0.1035 0.0006 0.2305 0
0.00225 0.00317 0.00978 0.0031 0.01450
- -
16x16 0.0799 0.0009 0.2385 0
0.0021 0.01220
- -
32x32 0.0600 0.0008 0.2427 0
0.0015 0.01100
- -
64x64 0.0443 0.0006 0.2448 0
0.0011 0.01040

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic2_e.dat

Last changed: 05.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 6

2.3 Test NO IC3 - Tapered Membrane Edge Shear
Classification: Disk, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Disk, Shear loading

Short description:
In this test the simple disk system, depicted above, is analysed for a uniform shear
load of 100 MPa = 100000 kN/m*0.1 m = 10000 kN/m, whereby an isotropic material
with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1
the system is generated with an element mesh of 2x2 quadrilateral elements. In the
subsequent cases the number of elements are doubled, up to case 6, which then has
64x64 quadrilateral elements. The calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxy in point B. Benchmark value -26.9 MPa (8x8 elements), for a
16-node third order quad-element. The results of the benchmark and the program
ASE can be found in the following table:

Benchmark (8-node quad) ASE

Mesh Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa) Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa)
Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy
- -
2x2 313.0 93.8 -68.6 0 0 261.41 46.87 -71.65 0 0
28.7 42.63
- -
4x4 299.0 89.8 -91.0 0 0 285.95 70.38 -74.24 0 0
27.9 40.00
- - -
8x8 310.0 93.1 0 0 294.13 79.93 -82.03 0 0
110.0 27.3 35.40
-
16x16 307.84 85.79 -93.72 0 0
31.79
- -
32x32 331.15 92.24 0 0
107.03 29.51
- -
64x64 363.07 100.52 0 0
120.97 28.23

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic3_e.dat

Last changed: 05.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 7

2.4 Test No IC4 - Tapered Membrane Gravity Load
Classification: Disk, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Disk, Self-weight, Gravitational
load

Short description:
In this test the simple disk system, depicted above, is analysed with a self-weight of
p=70 kN/m in the y-direction and a gravitational acceleration of 9.81 m/s, whereby
an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3
are used. For case 1 the system is generated with an element mesh of 2x2
quadrilateral elements. In the subsequent cases the number of elements are
doubled, up to case 6, which then has 64x64 quadrilateral elements. The calculation
is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxy in point B. Benchmark value -0.200 MPa (8x8 elements), for an
8-node second order and a 16-node third order quad-element. The results of the
benchmark and the program ASE can be found in the following table:

Benchmark (8-node quad) ASE

Mesh Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa) Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa)
Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy
2x2 0.579 0.174 -0.234 0 0 -0.198 0.370 0.066 -0.183 0 0 -0.143
4x4 0.663 0.199 -0.251 0 0 -0.200 0.495 0.113 -0.205 0 0 -0.183
8x8 0.739 0.222 -0.276 0 0 -0.200 0.598 0.151 -0.222 0 0 -0.194
16x16 0.688 0.182 -0.241 0 0 -0.197
32x32 0.774 0.209 -0.265 0 0 -0.198
64x64 0.863 0.235 -0.293 0 0 -0.199

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic4_e.dat

Last changed: 05.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 8

2.5 Test No IC5 - Circular Membrane Edge Pressure

Classification: Disk, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Disk, Edge compression, Line load

Short description:
In this test the disk system, depicted above, is analysed with an edge compression of 100
MPa, which is equivalent to a line load of 10000 kN/m for a thickness of 0.1 m, whereby an
isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used.
Initially the system is generated with an element mesh consisting of 8x1 quadrilateral
elements. Subsequently the number of elements are doubled, up to an element mesh
having 64x8 quadrilateral elements. The calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Syy in point D. Benchmark value -1150 MPa (analytic). The results of the
benchmark and the program ASE can be found in the following table:

Benchmark ASE
Point D (MPa) Point C (MPa) Point D (MPa) Point C (MPa)
Mesh
radius 10m radius 11m radius 10m radius 11m
Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy
- - - - - - -
8x1 -3.54 0 0 54.47 48.12
1150.0 103.0 1050.0 56.08 1162.10 55.77 1032.86
- - - - - - - -
16x2 0 0 27.77 23.73
0.949 1150.0 101.0 1050.0 28.40 1159.07 78.14 1044.31
- - - -
32x4 14.02 11.78
14.30 1156.21 89.13 1048.74
- - -
64x8 -7.18 7.04 5.87
1154.42 94.57 1050.64

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic5_e.dat

Last changed: 05.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 9

2.6 Test No IC6 - Circular Membrane Point Load

Classification: Disk, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Disk, Point load

Short description:
In this test the disk system, depicted above, is analysed with a point load of 5000 N in
radial direction at point B, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10
MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. Initially the system is generated with an
element mesh consisting of 8x1 quadrilateral elements. Subsequently the number of
elements are doubled, up to an element mesh having 64x8 quadrilateral elements.
The calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Syy in point D. Benchmark value -532 MPa (16x2 elements). The
results of the benchmark and the program ASE can be found in the following table:

Benchmark ASE
Point D (MPa) Point C (MPa) Point D (MPa) Point C (MPa)
Mesh
radius 10m radius 11m radius 10m radius 11m
Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy
- - - - -
8x1 -3.09 -8.54 377.0 0 -8.1 21.66 368.80
9.74 523.0 510.60 5.97 21.94
- - - - - - - - -
16x2 368.0 10.99 362.31
3.26 532.0 0.405 0.794 0.138 7.35 528.06 6.81 10.74
- - -
32x4 5.90 362.67 -5.01
4.98 533.20 3.90
- - -
64x8 3.10 363.15 -2.38
2.89 534.15 2.02

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic6_e.dat

Last changed: 05.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 10

2.7 Test No IC7 - Cicular Membrane Parabolic Temperature

Classification: Disk, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Disk, Temperature load

Short description:
In this test the disk system, depicted above, is analysed for a fluctuating temperature
load, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a
poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. The temperature expansion coefficient is taken as
2.3E-4 /C. The linearly fluctuating temperature load, which depends on the radius,
was modeled with the program HYDRA. In order to be able to define the maximum
temperature load, it is necessary to change the provided element arrangement, so
that now the elements are defined having the same size and they are aligned in the
radial direction (HYDRA and TALPA can only analyse temperature loads in nodes).
The system is generated with element meshes of 4x2, 8x4, 16x8, 32x16 and 64x32
quad-elements. The calculation is made with the program TALPA. The GRAF-plot
shows the temperature loads from HYDRA by means of a coloured diagram.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Syy in point A. Theoretical value -115 MPa (analytical), benchmark
value -104 MPa (for 8x4 elements according to benchmark method 1). The results of
the program TALPA are compared against the benchmark results from method 1.
They can be found in the following table:

Benchmark TALPA
Mesh Point A (MPa) Point A (MPa)
Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy
4x2 -21.0 -70.0 -0.100 -29.4 -87.3 -12.00
8x4 -31.3 -104.0 -0.100 -34.2 -110.3 -7.57
16x8 -34.8 -115.1 -3.95
32x16 -34.8 -115.6 -1.99
64x32 -34.7 -115.5 -0.99
Theory -34.5 -115.0 0

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic7_e.dat

Last changed: 05.08.2003

Essential programs: HYDRA, TALPA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 11

2.8 Test No IC8 - Shear Diffusion
Classification: Disk, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Disk,
Truss elements, Point load

Short description:
In this test the disk system, depicted above, is analysed with edge beams and a point load of 10
kN in horizontal direction at point B, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10
MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the system is generated with an element
mesh consisting of 24x2 quadrilateral elements and the respective beam elements (type TRUS).
In the subsequent cases the number of elements are doubled, up to case 3 having an element
mesh of 96x8 quadrilateral elements. The calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Shear stress Sxy in point E. Theoretical value 27.8 MPa (analytical), benchmark value
34.3 MPa (24x2 element mesh with 8-node elements). The results of the benchmark and the
program ASE can be found in the following table:

Benchmark ASE
Mesh Point E (MPa) Point E (MPa)
Sxy Sxy
24x2 34.3 25.463
48x4 28.804
96x8 28.939
Theory 27.8

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic8_e.dat

Last changed : 05.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 12

2.9 Test No IC9 - Elliptic Membrane
Classification: Disk, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Disk,
Line load

Short description:
In this test the disk system, depicted above, is analysed with a line load of 1000 kN/m
= 10MPa*0.1m, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa
and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the system is generated with an
element mesh consisting of 3x2 quadrilateral elements. In case 2 the 3x2 element
mesh is subdivided by triangular elements. For case 3 the system consists of 6x4
quad-elements, and is respectively subdivided by triangular elements in case 4. The
calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Syy in point D. Theoretical value 92.7 MPa (analytical), benchmark
value 90.5 MPa (6x4 quad-elements). The results of the benchmark and the program
ASE can be found in the following table:

Benchmark ASE
Mesh Point D (MPa) Point D (MPa)
Syy Syy
3x2 82.0 62.27
3x2 quad-elements
53.30
subdivided by tri-elements
6x4 90.5 82.35
6x4 quad-elements
74.96
subdivided by tri-elements
Theory 92.7

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic9_e.dat

Last changed: 06.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 13

2.10 Test No IC10 - Tapered Plate Edge Shear
Classification: Plate, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Plate, Shear loading

Short description:
In this test the simple plate system, depicted above, is analysed with a line load of 10 kN/m acting
along the edge DB, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's
ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the system is generated with an element mesh of 2x2 quadrilateral
elements. In the subsequent cases the number of elements are doubled, up to case 6, which then
has 64x64 quadrilateral elements. The calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxx at the top side of the plate in point B. Benchmark value 14.7 MPa (8x8
elements), for an 8-node second order and a 16-node third order quad-element. The results of the
benchmark and the program ASE can be found in the following table:

Benchmark (8-node quad) ASE

Mesh Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa) Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa)
Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy
2x2 9.21 2.89 0.993 14.3 4.29 0 -12.114 -3.536 0.688 -13.970 -4.475 0
4x4 6.27 1.73 0.324 14.5 4.36 0 -10.190 -2.915 0.850 -14.113 -4.329 0
8x8 3.89 0.821 -0.184 14.6 4.37 0 -6.579 -2.016 0.910 -14.653 -4.442 0
16x16 -3.924 -1.120 0.917 -14.663 -4.410 0
32x32 -2.023 -0.549 0.951 -14.636 -4.393 0
64x64 -1.416 -0.358 1.045 -14.628 -4.389 0

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic10_e.dat

Last changed: 06.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 14

2.11 Test No IC11 - Tapered Plate Gravity
Classification: Plate, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Plate, Self-weight, Gravitational
load

Short description:
In this test the simple plate system, depicted above, is analysed with a self-weight of p=70 kN/m in
the z-direction and a gravitational acceleration of 9.81 m/s, whereby an isotropic material with an E-
modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the system is generated
with an element mesh of 2x2 quadrilateral elements. In the subsequent cases the number of elements
are doubled, up to case 6, which then has 64x64 quadrilateral elements. The calculation is made with
the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxx at the top side of the plate in point B. Benchmark value 26 MPa (8x8 elements),
for an 8-node second order and a 16-node third order quad-element. The results of the benchmark
and the program ASE can be found in the following table:

Benchmark (8-node quad) ASE

Mesh Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa) Point A (MPa) Point B (MPa)
Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy
2x2 17.7 5.85 2.37 24.0 7.21 0 -21.769 -5.880 1.095 -24.412 -8.201 0
4x4 13.2 3.92 1.10 25.5 7.64 0 -19.516 -5.238 1.402 -25.010 -7.767 0
8x8 9.0 2.20 0.03 25.7 7.71 0 -14.439 -4.049 1.554 -25.909 -7.864 0
16x16 -9.172 -2.602 1.648 -25.916 -7.795 0
32x32 -5.549 -1.567 1.803 -25.869 -7.764 0
64x64 -4.128 -1.154 2.079 -25.855 -7.757 0

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic11_e.dat

Last changed: 06.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 15

2.12 Test No IC12 - Elliptic Plate Normal Pressure
Classification: Plate, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Plate, distributed load

Short description:
In this test the plate system, depicted above, is analysed with a distributed load of
1000 kN/m, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a
poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the system is generated with an element
mesh of 3x2 quadrilateral elements. In the subsequent case 2 the number of elements
are doubled (6x4 quadrilateral elements). The calculation is made with the program
ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Syy at the top side of the plate in point D. Analytical value 118 MPa.
Benchmark value 158 MPa (6x4 elements) for an 8-node element and 177 MPa (6x4
elements) for a 16-node element. The results of the benchmark and the program ASE
can be found in the following table:

Benchmark (8-node quad) ASE

Mesh Point A (MPa) Point D (MPa) Point A (MPa) Point D (MPa)
Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy Sxx Syy Sxy
-
3x2 184.0 8.24 -2.38 142.0 -5.87 215.98 32.7 36.41 14.05 209.76 5.19
3.20
- -
6x4 178.0 3.69 4.93 158.0 200.06 17.08 18.03 6.20 158.79 1.95
0.178 0.490

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic12_e.dat

Last changed: 06.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 16

2.13 Test No IC13 - Skew Plate Normal Pressure
Classification: Plate, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Plate, Distributed load

Short description:
In this test the simple plate system, depicted above, is analysed with a distributed
load in the z-direction of p= -0.7 kN/m = -0.7 kPa, whereby an isotropic material with
an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the
system is generated with an element mesh of 2x2 quadrilateral elements. In the
subsequent cases the number of elements are doubled, up to case 4, which then has
16x16 quadrilateral elements. The calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: max. principal stress at the under side of the plate for point E. Theoretical
value 0.802 MPa (analytical), benchmark value 0.795 MPa (8-node quad-element).
The results of the program ASE are compared against the benchmark results, they
can be found in the following table:

Benchmark ASE
Mesh Point E (MPa) Point E (MPa)
P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3
2x2 0.757 0.252 -0.227 0.457 0.289 -0.0420
4x4 0.795 0.335 -0.130 0.734 0.416 -0.0795
8x8 0.776 0.446 -0.08256
16x16 0.791 0.452 -0.0849

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic13_e.dat

Last changed: 06.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 17

2.14 Test No IC14 - Tapered Thick Shell Pressure Load
Classification: Shell, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Shell, Edge compression,
axisymmetrical state

Short description:
In this test the simple shell system, depicted above, is analysed for an axisymmetrical state, with an edge
compression of 100 MPa, which is equivalent to a line load of 10000 kN/m for a thickness of 0.1 m,
whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used.
For case 1 the system is generated with an element mesh of 2x2 quadrilateral elements. In the
subsequent cases the number of elements are doubled, up to case 5, which then has 32x32 quadrilateral
elements. The calculation was made with the program TALPA, because only this program can analyse an
axisymmetrical state.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Szz (Stt) in point C. Benchmark value 237 MPa (8x8 elements). The results of the
benchmark and the program TALPA can be found in the following table:

Benchmark TALPA
Mesh Point B (MPa) Point C (MPa) Point B (MPa) Point C (MPa)
Sxx Syy Szz Sxy Sxx Syy Szz Sxy Sxx Syy Szz Sxy Sxx Syy Szz Sxy
(Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry) (Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry) (Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry) (Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry)
-
2x2 60.3 105 215 0.813 -4.08 40.9 228 41.2 86.9 200 6.45 8.98 54.4 232 9.29
0.250
-
4x4 69.9 102 217 0.156 -2.40 38.3 227 52.2 95.0 208 3.51 4.21 46.6 230 5.35
0.933
- - -
8x8 77.8 101 219 30.9 237 62.8 97.8 212 1.82 1.09 41.8 229 2.19
0.124 0.593 0.306
16x16 71.8 99.1 216 0.91 0.21 40.5 228 0.79
32x32 78.9 99.6 218 0.43 0.04 38.0 230 0.27

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic14_e.dat

Last changed: 06.08.2003

Essential programs: TALPA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 18

2.15 Test No IC15 - Tapered Thick Shell Self-weight
Classification: Shell, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Shell, Self-weight, axisymmetrical
state

Short description:
In this test the simple shell system, depicted above, is analysed for an axisymmetrical state, with a self-
weight of p=70 kN/m in the x-direction (benchmark y-direction) and a gravitational acceleration of 9.81
m/s, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are
used. For case 1 the system is generated with an element mesh of 2x2 quadrilateral elements. In the
subsequent cases the number of elements are doubled, up to case 5, which then has 32x32 quadrilateral
elements. The calculation was made with the program TALPA, because only this program can analyse an
axisymmetrical state.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Szz (Stt) in point C. Benchmark value 22.8 KPa (8x8 elements). The results of the
benchmark and the program TALPA can be found in the following table:

Benchmark TALPA
Mesh Point B (KPa) Point C (KPa) Point B (KPa) Point C (KPa)
Sxx Syy Szz Sxy Sxx Syy Szz Sxy Sxx Syy Szz Sxy Sxx Syy Szz Sxy
(Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry) (Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry) (Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry) (Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry)
- -
2x2 -111 -2.36 14.6 -5.46 -11.9 16.6 -1.93 -122 11.3 13.0 -2.37 -50.5 4.40 -1.43
17.3 25.7
- - -
4x4 -76.1 0.871 26.7 -3.06 -2.68 19.4 -106 2.43 17.0 -3.46 -29.0 11.0 -2.38
17.5 0.634 20.4
- - - -
8x8 -51.8 1.72 34.5 -1.86 22.8 -83.8 0.39 24.0 -3.20 -15.7 14.8 -1.63
0.933 14.5 0.398 19.8
-
16x16 -63.0 0.02 30.5 -2.44 -8.21 17.4 -0.94
18.5
-
32x32 -46.3 0.031 35.6 -1.69 -4.20 19.5 -0.64
17.0

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic15_e.dat

Last changed: 07.08.2003

Essential programs: TALPA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 19

2.16 Test No IC16 - Cylinder-Taper-Sphere Temperature
Classification: Shell, Steel
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
cylindrical shell, axisymmetric state

Short description:
In this test the cylindrical shell system, depicted above, is analysed for a fluctuating temperature load,
whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used.
The temperature expansion coefficient is taken as 2.3E-4 /C. The linearly fluctuating temperature load,
which depends on the coordinates, was modeled with the program HYDRA. The system is generated
with element meshes of 5x1, 10x2, 20x4 and 40x8 quad-elements. The calculation is made with the
program TALPA, because only this program is able to analyse an axisymmetrical state. The GRAF-plot
shows the temperature loads from HYDRA by means of a coloured diagram.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxx (Syy) in point A. Benchmark value -105 MPa (10x2 elements). The results of the
benchmark and the program TALPA can be found in the following table:

Benchmark TALPA
Mesh Point A (MPa) Point F (MPa) Point A (MPa) Point F (MPa)
Sxx Syy Szz Sxy Sxx Syy Szz Sxy Sxx Syy Szz Sxy Sxx Syy Szz Sxy
(Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry) (Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry) (Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry) (Syy) (Srr) (Stt) (Sry)
- - - -
5x1 -104 55.5 -1.10 -183 30.3 97.1 10.7 -11.2 124 25.7 49.7 -29.8
1.83 17.2 61.8 53.4
- - - -
10x2 -105 55.5 -0.49 -203 33.0 100.9 1.29 -5.16 114 10.8 38.9 -33.1
1.02 17.6 68.5 56.0
- -
20x4 103.2 -2.40 111 8.40 36.7 -33.6
0.005 56.2
- -
40x8 103.5 -1.35 110 9.81 36.3 -34.0
0.054 56.2

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic16_e.dat

Last changed: 07.08.2003

Essential programs: TALPA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 20

2.17 Test No IC17 - Hemisphere External Pressure
Classification: Shell, Glas
Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark,
Shell, Distributed load, Symmetry
conditions

Short description:
In this test the shell system, depicted above, is analysed with a distributed load, which acts from
the outside, of 1MPa = 1000 kN/m (print error: see DAT-file). For this an isotropic material with
an E-modulus of 68.25*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 is used. The system is generated,
so that different element meshes, consisting of quad-elements, can be analysed. The following
element meshes are analysed: 4x4 elements, 8x8 elements and 16x16 elements. The
calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Radial displacement in point G. Theoretical value -1.282 mm analytically. Benchmark

value -1.272 mm (coarse mesh, 16-node quad-element). The results of the benchmark and the
program ASE can be found in the following table:

Mesh Deflection in points (mm)

A B C D E F G
Benchmark
3 element -1.280 -1.209 -1.280 -1.273 -1.269 -1.273 -1.272
ASE
4x4 -1.2130 -1.4757 -1.2130 -1.5072 -1.1692 -1.5072 -0.5867
8x8 -1.2714 -1.4085 -1.2714 -1.3878 -1.2703 -1.3878 -1.0157
16x16 -1.2771 -1.3194 -1.2771 -1.3129 -1.2770 -1.3129 -1.2072

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic17_e.dat

Last changed: 07.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 21

2.18 Test No IC18 - Hemisphere Point Load
Classification: Shell, Glas

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Shell, Point load, Symmetry

conditions

Short description:
In this test the shell system, depicted above, is analysed with two point loads, each of 2 kN (acting towards
the inside and outside respectively), whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 68.25*10 MPa and
a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. The system is generated in such a manner, so as to allow the calculation of
several different element meshes consisting of quad-elements. The following element meshes are
investigated: 4x4 elements, 8x8 elements and 16x16 elements. The calculation is made with the program
ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: x-displacement for point A. Theoretical value 0.185 m analytically. Benchmark value 0.1838 m (fine
mesh, 8-node quad-element). The results of the benchmark and the program ASE can be found in the
following table:

Mesh Benchmark ASE

Deflection in points (m)
A B A B
ux uz ux uy ux uz ux uy
4x4 0.12006 0.06356 0.03953 -0.03953
8x8 0.1838 0.09 0.0628 -0.0628 0.17978 0.08965 0.06036 -0.06036
16x16 0.18563 0.09102 0.06265 -0.06255
Theory 0.185

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic18_e.dat

Last changed: 22.01.2009

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 22

2.19 Test No IC19 - Cylindrical Shell Edge Moment

Classification: Shell, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Shell, Point load, Symmetry

conditions

Short descriptions:
In this test the shell system, depicted above, is analysed with a moment loading, which is applied to the edge
CD, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used.
The system is generated, so that an element mesh consisting of 2x2 quadrilateral elements can be
calculated. The calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress at the outer top surface for point E. Theoretical value 60.0 MPa analytically. Benchmark
value 60.0 MPa . The results of the benchmark and the program ASE can be found in the following table:

Mesh Benchmark ASE

Point E top Point E bottom Point E top Point E bottom
Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa)
2x2 60.0 18.0 -60.0 -18.0 60.0 18.0 -60.0 -18.0
Theory 60.0 18.0 -60.0 -18.0

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic19_e.dat

Last changed: 07.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 23

2.20 Test No IC24 - Catenoidal Shell Internal Pressure
Classification: Shell, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Shell, Distributed load

Short description:
In this test the shell system, depicted above, is analysed with a distributed load of 1 MPa = 1000 kN/m,
whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. The
system is generated in such a manner, so as to allow the calculation of several different element meshes
consisting of quad-elements. The following element meshes are investigated: 3x3 elements, 6x6 elements
and 12x12 elements. The calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Syy (Saa) at point A. Theoretical value -69.1 MPa analytically. Benchmark value -68.89
MPa (6x6 element mesh with 8-node quad-elements). The results of the benchmark and the program ASE
can be found in the following table:

Mesh Benchmark ASE

Point A Point A
Sxx (MPa) Syy (MPa) Sxx (MPa) Syy (MPa)
(Stt) (Saa) (Stt) (Saa)
3x3 31.63 -62.01 30.89 -63.56
6x6 26.55 -68.89 27.07 -66.41
12x12 23.64 -66.22
Theory 30.95 -69.06

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic24_e.dat

Last changed: 22.01.2009

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 24

2.21 Test No IC27 - Cylinder/Sphere Internal Pressure
Classification: Shell, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Shell, Distributed load

Short description:
In this test the shell system, depicted above, is analysed with a distributed load of 1 MPa = 1000 kN/m,
whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. The
system is generated in such a manner, so as to allow the calculation of several different element meshes
consisting of quad-elements. The following element meshes are investigated: 4,3,2,4,6 elements in the z-
direction x 4 elements between the x- and y-axis and double the number of elements, 8,6,4,8,12 elements
in the z-direction x 8 elements between the x- and y-axis. The calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Stt at the outer surface of point D. Theoretical value 38.5 MPa analytically. Benchmark
value 38.6 MPa . The results of the benchmark and the program ASE can be found in the following table:

Mesh Benchmark ASE

Point D outside Point D inside Point D outside Point D inside
Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa)
4,3,2,4,6 x4 38.6 25.7 35.0 13.6 38.103 25.348 34.664 13.833
8,6,4,8,12x8 38.442 25.696 34.967 14.112
Theory 38.5 25.9 35.0 14.2

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic27_e.dat

Last changed: 07.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 25

2.22 Test No IC28 - Circular Paraboloid Gravity
Classification: Shell, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Shell, Self-weight

Short description:
In this test the shell system, depicted above, is analysed for its self-weight of p=70 kN/m, in the z-direction,
and a gravitational acceleration of 10 m/s, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10
MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. The system is generated in such a manner, so as to allow the
calculation of several different element meshes consisting of quad-elements. The following element
meshes are investigated: 2x2 elements, 4x4 elements and 6x6 elements. The calculation is made with the
program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxx at the bottom surface of point D. Theoretical value -0.613 MPa analytically.
Benchmark value -0.620 MPa (6x6 elements). The results of the benchmark and the program ASE can be
found in the following table:

Mesh Benchmark ASE

Point D top Point D bottom Point D top Point D bottom
Sxx (MPa) Syy (MPa) Sxx (MPa) Syy (MPa) Sxx (MPa) Syy (MPa) Sxx (MPa) Syy (MPa)
2x2 -1.78 -1.78 -1.69 -1.69 -0.487 -0.490 -0.175 -0.178
4x4 -0.495 -0.495 -0.572 -0.572 -0.560 -0.560 -0.619 -0.619
6x6 -0.608 -0.608 -0.620 -0.620 -0.596 -0.596 -0.601 -0.601

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic28_e.dat

Last changed: 07.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 26

2.23 Test No IC29 - Z-Section Cantilever Torsion Bending
Classification: Plate, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Folded plates, Torsion

Short description:
In this test a folded plate, depicted above, is analysed for a torsional load of 1.2 MNm, which consists of
two point loads, each of 0.6 MN. The analysis uses an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa
and a poisson's ratio of 0.3. For case 1 the system is generated with an element mesh of 8x3 quadrilateral
elements. In the subsequent case 2 the number of elements are doubled (16x6). The calculation is made
with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxx at point A. Theoretical value -108.8 MPa analytically. Benchmark value -110.1 MPa .
The results of the benchmark and the program ASE can be found in the following table:

ASE
s Theory Benchmark
16x6 elements
(m) Szz (MPa) Ssz (MPa) Szz (MPa) Ssz (MPa) Szz (MPa) Ssz (MPa)
0.0 Point A -111.07 -3.39 -108.8 0.0 -110.1 -2.0
0.5 -37.26 -4.86 -36.26 -5.877 -36.9 -6.15
1.0 36.83 -4.65 36.26 -5.877 36.2 -1.35
2.0 37.55 0.0 36.26 0.0 37.3 0.0
3.0 36.83 4.65 36.26 5.877 36.2 1.35
3.5 -37.26 4.86 -36.26 5.877 -36.9 6.15
4.0 -111.07 3.39 -108.8 0.0 -110.1 2.0

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic29_e.dat

Last changed: 22.01.2009

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 27

2.24 Test No IC30 - Z-Section Cantilever Beam Bending
Classification: Plate, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, folded plate, bending

Short description:
In this test a folded plate, depicted above, is analysed for an individual load of 6.0 MN. The analysis uses
an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3. For case 1 the system
is generated with an element mesh of 8x3 quadrilateral elements. In the subsequent case 2 the number of
elements are doubled (16x6). The calculation is made with the program ASE.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxx at point A. Theoretical value -193.0 MPa analytically. Benchmark value -191.0 MPa .
The results of the benchmark and the program ASE can be found in the following table:

ASE
s Theory Benchmark
16x6 elements
(m) Szz (MPa) Ssz (MPa) Szz (MPa) Ssz (MPa) Szz (MPa) Ssz (MPa)
0.0 Point A -190.48 -3.16 -193 0 -191 9.4
0.5 96.76 0.08 96.5 -3.24 96.7 -4.2
1.0 383.80 3.31 386 12.8 383 16.2
2.0 -0.01 29.94 0 38.6 0 34.7
3.0 -383.83 3.31 -386 12.8 -383 16.2
3.5 -96.74 0.08 -96.5 -3.24 -96.7 -4.2
4.0 190.55 -3.16 193 0 191 9.4

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic30_e.dat

Last changed: 07.08.2003

Essential programs: ASE

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 28

2.25 Test No IC31 - Axisymmetric Hyperbolic Shell - Edge Loading
Classification: Shell, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Shell, Point load,

axisymmetric state

Short description:
In this test a shell system, depicted above, is analysed for an axisymmetrical state, with a point load of 1
MN/radian, which is equivalent to a line load of 1000 kN/0.01m (element width=shell thickness) for a
thickness of 1.0 m, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio
of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the system is generated with an element mesh of 10x1 quadrilateral elements,
whereby the element width is equivalent to the shell thickness of 0.01 m. In the subsequent case the
number of elements are doubled for the shell axis, therefore 20x1 elements are used. The calculation was
made with the program TALPA, because only this program can analyse an axisymmetrical state.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Stt (Szz) in point B at the outer side of the shell. Theoretical value 81.65 MPa analytically.
Benchmark value 85.01 MPa (20x1). The results of the benchmark and the program TALPA can be found
in the following table:

Mesh Benchmark TALPA

Point B Point B
Sxx (MPa) Szz (MPa) Sxx (MPa) Szz (MPa)
(Saa) (Stt) (Saa) (Stt)
10x1 43.52 92.67 79.60 81.31
20x1 71.71 85.01 79.47 80.95
Theory 81.65 81.65

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic31_e.dat

Last changed: 22.01.2009

Essential programs: TALPA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 29

2.26 Test No IC32 - Axisymmetric Hyperbolic Shell - Pressure
Classification: Shell, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Shell, Linen load,

axisymmetrical state

Short description:
In this test a shell system, depicted above, is analysed for an axisymmetrical state, with an internal
pressure of 1 MPa, which is equivalent to a line load of 1000 kN/m for a thickness of 1.0 m, whereby an
isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the
system is generated with an element mesh of 10x1 quadrilateral elements, whereby the element width is
equivalent to the shell thickness of 0.01 m. In the subsequent case the number of elements are doubled for
the shell axis, therefore 20x1 elements are used. The calculation was made with the program TALPA,
because only this program can analyse an axisymmetrical state.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxx (Saa) in point B at the outer side of the shell. Theoretical value -50.0 MPa analytically.
Benchmark value -56.12 MPa (20x1). The results of the benchmark and the program TALPA can be found
in the following table:

Mesh Benchmark TALPA

Point B Point B
Sxx (MPa) Szz (MPa) Sxx (MPa) Szz (MPa)
(Saa) (Stt) (Saa) (Stt)
10x1 -74.06 55.24 -45.96 51.19
20x1 -56.12 50.00 -46.31 51.36
Theory -50.00 50.00

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic32_e.dat

Last changed: 08.08.2003

Essential programs: TALPA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 30

2.27 Test No IC34 - Axisymmetric Catenoidal Shell - Pressure
Classification: Shell, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Shell, Line load,

axisymmetricalstate

Short description
In this test a shell system, depicted above, is analysed for an axisymmetrical state, with an internal
pressure of 1 MPa, which is equivalent to a line load of 1000 kN/m for a thickness of 1.0 m, whereby an
isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the
system is generated with an element mesh of 10x1 quadrilateral elements, whereby the element width is
equivalent to the shell thickness of 0.01 m. In the subsequent case the number of elements are doubled for
the shell axis, therefore 20x1 elements are used. The calculation was made with the program TALPA,
because only this program can analyse an axisymmetrical state.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Sxx (Saa) in point B at the outer side of the shell. Theoretical value -69.06 MPa
analytically. Benchmark value -70.44 MPa (20x1). The results of the benchmark and the program TALPA
can be found in the following table:

Mesh Benchmark TALPA

Point B Point B
Sxx (MPa) Szz (MPa) Sxx (MPa) Szz (MPa)
(Saa) (Sbb) (Saa) (Sbb)
10x1 -74.54 33.33 -66.03 31.72
20x1 -70.44 30.60 -66.47 31.72
Theory -69.06 30.95

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic34_e.dat

Last changed: 08.08.2003

Essential programs: TALPA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 31

2.28 Test No IC37 - Axisymmetric Stiffened Cylinder - Pressure
Classification: Shell, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Shell, Line load,

axisymmetrical state

Short description:
In this test a cylinder, depicted above, is analysed for an axisymmetrical state, with an internal pressure of
1 MPa, which is equivalent to a line load of 1000 kN/m for a thickness of 1.0 m. Additionally a single load of
125 kN/0.01 m, which is distributed over the cylinder thickness, is applied. For the cylinder an isotropic
material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the system is
generated with an element mesh of 12x1 quadrilateral elements, whereby the element width is equivalent
to the shell thickness of 0.01 m, and two additional quad-elements on the outer side of the cylinder, for the
thicker cross section, are generated. In the subsequent case 2 the number of elements are doubled for the
shell axis, therefore 24x1 elements are used, with four additional quad-elements on the outer side of the
cylinder (for the thicker cross section). The calculation was made with the program TALPA, because only
this program can analyse an axisymmetrical state.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Stt at the inner side of point C. Theoretical value 49.11 MPa analytically. Benchmark value
1.62 MPa . The results of the benchmark and the program TALPA can be found in the following table:

Mesh Benchmark TALPA

Point C inside Point C outside Point C inside Point C outside
Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa)
12x1 1.81 30.0 48.3 43.9 21.5 45.4 -2.56 36.6
24x1 1.62 29.9 48.4 43.9 22.0 44.9 -3.65 35.8
Point B inside Point B outside Point B inside Point B outside
12x1 29.6 49.9 20.4 47.2 11.96 48.48 13.04 47.56
24x1 29.6 49.9 20.4 47.1 9.73 48.59 15.25 48.97

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic37_e.dat

Last changed: 22.01.2009

Essential programs: TALPA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 32

2.29 Test No IC38 - Axisymmetric Cylinder/Sphere - Pressurre
Classification: Shell, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Shell, Line load,

axisymmetrical state

Short description:
In this test a shell, depicted above, is analysed for an axisymmetrical state, with an internal pressure of 1
MPa, which is equivalent to a line load of 1000 kN/m for a thickness of 1.0 m, whereby an isotropic material
with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a poisson's ratio of 1/3 are used. For case 1 the system is
generated with an element mesh of 8 + 8 quadrilateral elements, whereby the element width is equivalent
to the shell thickness of 0.025 m, and the width of two elements is equivalent to the cylinder thickness of
0.0625 m. In the subsequent case 2 the number of elements are doubled for the shell axis, therefore 16 +
16 elements are used. The calculation was made with the program TALPA, because only this program can
analyse an axisymmetrical state.
More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Stt at the outer side of point B. Theoretical value 16.0 MPa analytically. Benchmark value
15.86 MPa . The results of the benchmark and the program TALPA can be found in the following table:

Mesh Benchmark TALPA

Point B inside Point B outside Point B inside Point B outside
Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa)
8+8 9.786 16.86 6.466 15.76 19.74 13.82 20.37 13.82
16 + 16 8.660 16.30 7.395 15.86 20.73 15.72 20.35 12.64
Theory 8.0 16.0 8.0 16.0

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic38_e.dat

Last changed: 08.08.2003

Essential programs: TALPA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 33

2.30 Test No IC39 - Axisymmetric Cylinder/Sphere - Pressure
Classification: Shell, Steel

Index: NAFEMS, Benchmark, Shell, Line load,

axisymmetrical state

Short description:
In this test a shell system, depicted above, is analysed for an axisymmetrical state, with a line load of 1
MPa = 1000 kN/m*1.0 m, whereby an isotropic material with an E-modulus of 210*10 MPa and a
poisson's ratio of 0.3 are used. For case 1 the system is generated with an element mesh of 4,3,2,4,6x1
elements and for case 2 with 8,6,4,8,12x1 elements, whereby the element width is equivalent to the shell
thickness of 0.025 m. The calculation was made with the program TALPA, because only this program can
analyse an axisymmetrical state.
Compare to Benchmark Test No IC27: Cylinder/Sphere Internal Pressure

More precise description: NAFEMS: Linear Statics Benchmarks, Vol. 1

Results: Stress Stt at the outer side of point D. Theoretical value 38.5 MPa analytically. Benchmark value
38.6 MPa . The results of the benchmark and the program TALPA can be found in the following table:

Mesh Benchmark TALPA

Point D inside Point D outside Point D inside Point D outside
Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa) Stt (MPa) Saa (MPa)
4,3,2,4,6x1 34.89 14.18 36.73 24.28
8,6,4,8,12x1 35.0 14.2 38.5 25.9 34.83 13.87 36.85 24.95
Point C inside Point C outside Point C inside Point C outside
4,3,2,4,6x1 29.66 19.53 28.52 18.96
8,6,4,8,12x1 30.0 20.0 30.0 20.0 29.70 19.55 28.55 18.95

further results in the DAT-file

Input file: ic39_e.dat

Last changed: 08.08.2003

Essential programs: TALPA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 34

2.31 Test 5 Fundamental 2D Plasticity Benchmark
Classification: 2D steel plate,
plane strain conditions, elasto-
plastic Von Mises material
a) perfectly plastic
b) with isotropic linear hardening
Search Terms: NAFEMS,
benchmark, Von Mises plasticity,
isotropic hardening, displacement
control, residual stresses

Short Description:
Compute the stress path for a defined sequence of loading/ unloading steps for
a) a perfectly plastic Von Mises material
b) Von Mises material with isotropic linear hardening

Detailed Description:

A square steel plate of edge length L = 1 m is subjected to a sequence of eight imposed

straining steps:

Stretching in x-direction until the

plate just yields, followed by further
stretching in x-direction causing
plastic flow, i.e. post yield behaviour.

Stretching in y-direction in two steps.

Compression in x-direction in two

steps.

Compression in y-direction in two

steps.
At the end of the final load step, the plate is returned to its original dimensions.
Comparison of results see tabs below.

Input File: 2Dplasticity.dat

Last Changed: 23.07.2003

Mainly affected programs: TALPA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 35

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 36
SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 37
SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 38
2.32 Test 5 "Dynamic for Deep Simply-Supported Beam"

Classification: Beam, general material

Search Terms: NAFEMS,

Benchmark,Dynamic,Forced
Vibration,Eigenvalue

Short Description
Calculate the main eigenvalues of a simply supported 3D beam.
Related examples:
Test 5H (Harmonic Forced Vibration Response)
Test 5P (Periodic Forced Vibration Response)
Test 5T (Transient Forced Vibration Response)

Detailed Description:

The beam length is 10 m and is divided in 5 elements. The cross section is a rectangle with 2m side length.
All displacements are constrained, also the torsional rotation at the beginning.
Shear deformation are considered but not as a Timoshenko beam, though classic beam with shear
correction factors. The matrices include rotational masses.

Results:

NAFEMS NAFEMS
Modes DYNA
(Closed Form Solution) (Exact 3-D beam elem.)
Flexural Modes 1 & 2 42.531 Hz 42.650 Hz 42.710 Hz
Torsional Mode 3 71.342 Hz 71.200 Hz 71.495 Hz
Extensional Mode 4 125.51 Hz 125.00 Hz 125.51 Hz
Flexural Modes 5 & 6 145.09 Hz 148.15 Hz 150.76 Hz
Torsional Mode 7 221.10 Hz 213.61 Hz 221.57 Hz
Flexural Modes 8 & 9 266.01 Hz 283.47 Hz 301.08 Hz

Input File: test5.dat

Last Changed: 22.07.2003

Mainly affected programs: DYNA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 39

2.33 Test 5H "Harmonic Forced Vibration Response"

Classification: Beam, not-classified material

Search Terms: NAFEMS, Benchmark,Dynamic,Forced

Vibration,Harmonic Forced Vibration

n:

Short Descriptio
Calculate the response from a steady state harmonic function in the range from 0 to 60 Hz.
Related examples:
Test 5 (Deep Simply Supported Beam/Eigenvalues)
Test 5P (Periodic Forced Vibration Response)
Test 5T (Transient Forced Vibration Response)

Detailed Description:

The beam is taken from the "Test 5". Actually there are modifications. In the so called "Timoshenko Beam"
examples (which is a classical beam with shear factors), there are 6 elements, because we need a result in
the middle of the beam. In the "Engineer Beams" (without shear and rotary inertia) we use 10 elements
according to the NAFEMS paper.

The load is a classical steady state harmonic function in the range from 0 to 60 Hz. The peak force F0=1E6
N/m is distributed over the whole beam. A modal damping of 2% is used in all 16 modes of the modal
analysis. The direct solution has damping factors of a=5.36 and b=7.46E-05.

Results:

Peak Displacement Peak Stress at Frequency

Solutions
[mm] [N/mm] [Hz]
DYNA: Auto Modal Analysis
13.23 242.0 42.55
(Timoshenko Beam)
DYNA: Loop-LC Modal Analysis
13.23 242.1 42.55
(Timoshenko Beam)
DYNA: Auto Modal Analysis
12.15 242.1 45.30
(Engineers Beam)
DYNA: Loop-LC Modal Analysis
12.15 241.8 45.30
(Engineers Beam)
DYNA: Direct Solution (Engineers Beam) 12.15 241.8 45.30
Reference Solution 13.45 241.9 42.65
NAFEMS Modal Analysis
13.44 240.3 42.60
(middle of Timoshenko/Eng. Beam)
NAFEMS Direct Solution
13.39 242.0 42.58
(Engineers Beam)

Input Files:
test5h-timo.dat
test5h-eng.dat

Last Changed: 22.07.2003

Mainly affected programs: DYNA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 40

2.34 Test 5P "Periodic Forced Vibration Response

Classification: Beam, not-classified material

Search Terms: NAFEMS, Benchmark,Dynamic,Forced

Vibration,Periodic Forced Vibration

Short Description
Calculate the response from two (superpositioned) steady state harmonic functions at 20Hz.
Related examples:
Test 5 (Deep Simply Supported Beam/Eigenvalues)
Test 5H (Harmonic Forced Vibration Response)
Test 5T (Transient Forced Vibration Response)

Detailed Description:

The beam is taken from the "Test 5". Actually there are modifications. In the so called "Timoshenko Beam"
examples (which is a classical beam with shear factors), there are 6 elements, because we need a result in
the middle of the beam. In the "Engineer Beams" (without shear and rotational inertia) we use 10 elements
according to the NAFEMS paper.

The load is a superpositionend steady state harmonic function at 20 Hz. The function is
F = F0 (sin wt - sin 3wt)
, where F0 is 1E6 N/m distributed over the whole beam.
A modal damping of 2% is used in all 16 modes of the modal analysis. The direct solution has damping
factors of a=5.36 and b=7.46E-05.

Results:

Peak Displacement Peak Stress

Solutions
[mm] [N/mm]
DYNA: Modal Analysis
1.066 19.51
(Timoshenko Beam)
DYNA: Modal Analysis
1.292 25.72
(Engineers Beam)
DYNA: Direct Solution
0.962 18.62
(Engineers Beam)
Reference Solution 0.951 17.10
NAFEMS Modal Analysis
0.949 17.05
(middle of Timoshenko/Eng. Beam)
NAFEMS Direct Solution
0.953 17.33
(Engineers Beam)

Input Files:
test5p-timo.dat
test5p-eng.dat

Last Changed: 22.07.2003

Mainly affected programs: DYNA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 41

2.35 Test 5T "Transient Forced Vibration Response"

Classification: Beam, not-classified material

Search Terms: NAFEMS, Benchmark,Dynamic,Forced

Vibration,Transient Forced Vibration

Short Description:
Calculate the response from a suddenly applied step load with 1E6 N/m
Related examples:
Test 5 (Deep Simply Supported Beam/Eigenvalues)
Test 5H (Harmonic Forced Vibration Response)
Test 5P (Periodic Forced Vibration Response)

Detailed Description:

The beam is taken from the "Test 5". Actually there are modifications. In the so called "Timoshenko Beam"
examples (which is a classical beam with shear factors), there are 6 elements, because we need a result
in the middle of the beam. In the "Engineer Beams" (without shear and rotational inertia) we use 10
elements according to the NAFEMS paper.

The load is a suddenly applied step load with 1E6 N/m, distributed over the whole beam. The time step is
0.0001 s and the observation time is set to 1.0 s.

A modal damping of 2% is used in all 16 modes of the modal analysis. The direct solution has damping
factors of a=5.36 and b=7.46E-05.

Results:

Peak Displacement at time Peak Stress Static Displacement

Solutions
[mm] [sec] [N/mm] [mm]
DYNA: Modal Analysis
1.025 0.0118 18.68 0.526
(Timoshenko Beam)
DYNA: Direct Solution
1.023 0.0116 18.50 0.526
(Timoshenko Beam)
DYNA: Modal Analysis
0.940 0.0111 18.28 0.484
(Engineers Beam)
DYNA: Direct Solutions
0.941 0.0111 18.44 0.484
(Engineers Beam)
Reference Solution 1.043 0.0117 18.76 0.538
NAFEMS Modal Analysis
1.040 0.0116 18.71 0.536
(middle of Timoshenko/Eng. Beam)
NAFEMS Direct Solution
1.057 0.0117 18.77 0.536
(middle of Timoshenko/Eng. Beam)

Input Files:
test5t-timo.dat
test5t-eng.dat

Last Changed: 22.07.2003

Mainly affected programs: DYNA

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 42

3 Literature

(1977) Katz, C.
Die Anwendung der Theorie der Finiten Elemente auf die ebene Sickerstrmung mit freier
Oberflche, Diplomarbeit in Grundbau und Bodenmechanik, TU Mnchen
(1978) Werner, H., Katz, C., Stieda, J., Axhausen, K.
TOP - Benutzer- und DV-Handbuch, CAD-Bericht Kfk-CAD 67, Kernforschungszentrum
Karlsruhe
(1979) Werner, H., Axhausen, K., Katz, C.
Programmaufbau und Datenstrukturen in entwurfsuntersttzenden Programmketten in P.J. Pahl,
E. Stein, W. Wunderlich, Finite Elemente in der Baupraxis, Springer, Berlin
(1979) Katz, C., Verschuer Th. v., Werner, H.
Data Handling in a Design supporting program chain
5th intern. Seminar on Computational Aspects of the Finite Element Method CAFEM 5, Berlin
(1979) Gonzales, A., Katz, C., Werner, H.
Programmbaustein Spannbetonnachweise
CAD-Bericht Kfk-CAD 73, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe
(1979) Werner, H., Katz, C., Verschuer Th. v., Axhausen, K.
Programmkette Tunnelbau, CAD-Bericht Kfk-CAD 124 (CAD im Grundbau)
Seminare im Haus der Technik Essen, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe
(1979) Werner, H., Axhausen, K., Katz, C.
Techniques in User Oriented Finite Element Programs for Geomechanical Design Practise.
3rd Intern. Conf. On Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Aachen, A. A. Balkema Rotterdam
(1980) Axhausen, K., Fink, Th., Katz, C., Rank, E., Stieda, J., Verschuer, Th. v., Werner, H.
SET - Berechnungen im Erd-, Grund- und Tunnelbau, Benutzerhandbuch,
CAD-Bericht Kfk-CAD 173, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe
(1980) Axhausen, K., Fink, Th., Katz, C., Rank, Verschuer Th. v., Werner, H.
Die Programmkette SET - Berechnungen um konstruktiven Ingenieurbau,
Benutzerhandbuch, CAD-Bericht KfK-CAD 174, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe
(1980) Fink, Th., Katz, C., Rank, E., Unger, C., Verschuer, Th.v., Werner, H.
Die Programmkette SET - Berechnungen um konstruktiven Ingenieurbau, Benutzerhandbuch
und Beispielsammlung. CAD-Bericht Kfk-CAD 175, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe
(1981) Katz, C.
The use of Greens Functions in the Numerical Analysis of Potential, Elastic and Plate
Bending Problems. C. A. Brebbia (Ed.) Boundary Element Methods, Springer, Berlin
(1982) Katz, C.
Ein symmertrisches Verfahren zur Berechnung von Problemen der Potential, -Scheiben- oder
Plattentheorie mit Greenschen Funktionen.
Mitteilungen Institut Bauingenieurwesen I TU Mnchen Heft 7
(1982) Katz, C.
Some Improvements in 2D Boundary Elements using Integration by parts.
4th Internat. Seminar on Boundary Element Methods in Engineering, Southampton, Springer,
Berlin
(1982) Katz, C., Werner, H.
Implementation of nonlinear Boundary Conditions in Finite Element Analysis
Computers & Structures Vol. 15m pp 299-304
(1983) Werner, H. , Stieda, J., Katz, C., Verschuer, Th.v.
Rechnereinsatz fr Entwurfsaufgaben im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau.
Bauingenieur Vol. 58, pp 361-368
(1983) Rank, E., Katz, C., Werner, H.
On the importance of the discrete Maximum Principle in Transient Analysis Using Finite Element
Methods, Int. Journ. for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 19, 1771-1782

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 43

(1984) Werner, H., Khl, Ch., Stieda, J., Katz, C., Verschuer, Th.v.
Das Softwarekonzept SYRAKUS - Eine Lsung zur Anpassung unterschiedlicher Entwurfs-
Programme, Bauingenieur Vol. 59, pp 455-460
(1985) Hartmann, F., Katz, C., Protopsaltis, B.
Boundary Elements and Symmetry, Ingenieurarchiv 55, pp 440-449
(1985) Groth, P., Hilber, H.M., Katz, C., Werner, H.
FEDIS - Finite Element Data Interface Standard, Projektbericht Kfk-PFT 114,
Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe
(1985) Katz, C.
Finite Elemente auf Mikrorechnern
Finite Elemente - Anwendungen in der Baupraxis, Ernst & Sohn, Berlin
(1985) Katz, C.
Analytic Integration of isoparametric 2D-Boundary Elements
Proceedings of the 7th Intern. Conference on Boundary Elements, Como
(C.A. Brebbia, G. Maier ed) Springer, Berlin
(1986) Katz, C.
Self-Adaptive Boundary Elements for the Shear-Stress in Beams
Proceedings of the 2nd Boundary Element Technology Conference, MIT
(J.J. Connor, C.A. Brebbia ed) Computational Mechanics Publications
(1986) Katz, C.
Berechnungen von allgemeinen Pfahlwerken, Bauingenieur Vol. 61, Heft 12, 563-568
(1987) Bellmann, J.: Hierarchisch Finite-Element-Anstze und adaptive Methoden fr Scheiben- und
Plattenprobleme
Mitteilungen aus dem Institut fr Bauingenieurwesen I Technische Universitt Mnchen
Dissertation (1987) Heft 21
(1987) Bellmann, J.: Convergence of Hierarchical Finite Elements
Fachgebiet Elektronisches Rechnen im Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau, Technische Universitt
Mnchen, Bericht 87/4 April 1987
(1987) Bellmann J, Mackert M., Bauer H.: Finite Kluftelemente fr felsmechanische Berechnungen
Fachgebiet Elektronisches Rechnen im Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau, Technische Universitt
Mnchen, Bericht 87/1 September 1987
(1987) Bellmann J, Mackert M.: Isotrope und anisotrope Flie- und Quellgesetze fr Finite-Element-
Berechnungen im Erd- und Tunnelbau
Fachgebiet Elektronisches Rechnen im Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau, Technische Universitt
Mnchen, Bericht 87/7 September 1987
(1987) Katz, C.,
Murphys Law in Boundary Element Implementations
Boundary Elements IX, C.A. Brebbia, W.L. Wendland, G. Kuhn ed)
Computational Mechanics Publication, Southampton/Springer, Berlin
(1987) Katz, C.
What makes boundary elements so difficult?
Microsoftware for Engineers Vol. 3 No. 4 pp 216-219
(1989) Bellmann J., Rank E.: Die p- und hp- Version der Finite-Element-Methode oder: Lohnen sich
hherwertige Element?
Bauingenieur 64 (1989) Heft 2, S. 67-72
(1989) Katz, C.
Fehlerabschtzungen Finiter Element Berechnungen
1. FEM - Tagung Kaiserslautern, Universitt Kaiserslautern
(1992) Katz, C., Stieda, J.
Praktische FE-Berechnungen mit Plattenbalken, Bauinformatik Vol. 3 Heft 1
(1992) Katz, C.
Erfahrungen mit der nichtlinearen Berechnung von Stahlbetonrahmen nach EC2
2. FEM - Tagung Kaiserslautern, Universitt Kaiserslautern

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 44

(1994) Katz, C.
Bauwerk-Boden Wechselwirkung, 3. FEM -Tagung Darmstadt, TH Darmstadt
(1995) Katz, C.
Kann die FE-Methode wirklich alles? Finite Elemente in der Baupraxis,
(E. Ramm, E. Stein, W. Wunderlich ed) Stuttgart Ernst & Sohn, Berlin
(1996) Katz, C. Protopsaltis, B. ed.
SOFiSTiK Software fr Statik und Konstruktion, 7. und 8. Anwender Seminar,
A.A.Balkema, Rotterdam
(1997) Katz, C.
Fliezonentheorie mit Interaktion aller Stabschnittgren bei Stahltragwerken
Stahlbau 66 (1997), 205 -213
(1997) Flesch, R.
Baudynamik praxisgerecht, Band 2, Anwendungen + Beispiele, Bauverlag Wiesbaden
(1998) Katz, C. Protopsaltis, B. ed.
SOFiSTiK Software fr Statik und Konstruktion, 9. und 10. Anwender Seminar,
A.A.Balkema, Rotterdam
(1998) Bellmann, J.: Membrantragwerke und Seifenhaut Unterschiede in der Formfindung
Bauingenieur 73 (1998) 118-123
(1998) Gebhard, S., Katz, C., Bellmann, J.
FEM-Berechnungen im Workstation Cluster
(1999) Katz, C. Bellmann, J.
From Geometry to FE-Analysis, European Conference on Computational Mechanics ECCM 99
(1999) Heidkamp, H.
Die Endverankerung von externen Spanngliedern in Feldlisenen von Massivbau-Hohlkasten-
brcken. Eine Finite-Element Parameterstudie zur Erfassung der lokalen Momentenwirkung im
Krafteinleitungsbereich. Diplomarbeit, Institut f. Massivbau, RWTH-Aachen
(1999) Achatz S., Glck M., Halfmann A., Katz C.,
Numerische Berechnung der Fluid-Struktur-Wechselwirkung auf Vektor-Parallelrechnern mit
verteiltem Speicher. Lehrstuhlbericht Lehrstuhl fr Bauinformatik der TU-Mnchen.
(2000) Heidkamp, H.
Solution of Nonlinear Equilibrium Equations in Finite Element Analyses of Concrete Structures
Master-Thesis, Department of Structural Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology
(2000) Katz, C. Protopsaltis, B. ed.
SOFiSTiK Software fr Statik und Konstruktion 3, 11. und 12. Anwender Seminar,
A.A.Balkema, Rotterdam
(2000) Halfmann, A, Rank, E. Rcker, M, Katz, C. Gebhard, S.
Integrierte Modellierungs- und Berechnungssoftware fr den konstruktiven Ingeneieurbau,
Systemarchitektur und Netzgenerierung, Bauingenieur 75, pp 60-66
(2001) Halfmann A., Rank E., Glck M., Breuer M., Durst F., Bellmann J., Katz C.
Computational Engineering for Wind-Exposed Thin-Walled Structures, Lehrstuhlbericht
Lehrstuhl fr Bauinformatik der TU-Mnchen.
(2002) Hartmann, F., Katz, C.
Statik mit Finiten Elementen, Springer, Berlin
(2002) Bellmann J., Kppl J.: Die berdachung des Rundmischbettes fr ein Zementwerk in Harburg
bei Donauwrth
Stahlbau 71 (2002) Heft 7, S. 484-489
(2002) Heidkamp, H., Katz, C.
Soils with swelling potential - Proposal of a final state formulation within an implicit integration
scheme and illustrative FE-calculations.
5th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM V), Wien 2002
(2003) Katz, C. Protopsaltis, B. ed.
SOFiSTiK Software fr Statik und Konstruktion 4, 13. und 14. Anwender Seminar,
A.A.Balkema, Rotterdam

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 45

(2003) Bellmann, J.: Membranes - From Formfinding to Cutting Pattern
Proceedings of the international conference: Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures,
CIMNE, Barcelona (2003), ISBN 84-95999-29-3

Lectures given at variant seminars (incomplete list):

(1983) Informationsseminar L. Scheck Ulm

Die Methode der Finiten Elemente zur Berechnung von Plattentragwerken auf Mikrorechnern
(1986) Seminar ber Finite Elemente bei instationren Problemen
Mitteilung aus dem Forschungsschwerpunkt Simulation und Optimierung deterministischer
stochastischer dynamischer Systeme, Universitt der Bundeswehr Neubiberg
Instationre Berechnung von Grundwasserproblemen
(1988) Brckenbau: Einflulinien / Spannbetonbemessung , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
(1989) Bemessung von allgemeinen Stabetonquerschnitten , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
Fehlerschtzung von FE-Berechnungen , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
(1990) Eigenspannungen, Bemessung nach EC2 , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
Grundlagen dynamischer Berechnungen , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
Der Einflu der Lagerung bei schiefen Plattenrndern , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
(1991) Nichtlineare Berechnungen von Betontragwerken , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
Probleme mit Unterzgen , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
Dynamische Berechnung einer Rohrbrcke , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
(1992) ber den Einflu der Bauabfolge bei Grundbauproblemen , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
(1993) VBI - Fortbildungsseminar Bayern: Neuerungen und Tendenzen im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau
Bewertung von Ergebnissen nach der FEM
(1993) Forum Bauinformatik, TU Mnchen Innovationsfragen in der Praxis
(1993) Schubbemessung in Stahlbeton , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
(1994) Vorspannung und Finite Elemente / Unterzge , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
Bauwerk-Boden Wechselwirkungen , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
(1995) Vertrauen ist gut - Kontrolle ist besser , SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
Bemessungsverfahren nach EC4 Teil 10 - SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting
(1996) Massivbau-Seminar Fachhochschule Biberach
FE-Berechnungen im Hochbau, Praxis und Fehlerquellen im Alltag
(2000) Massivbau-Seminar Fachhochschule Biberach
Anerkannte Regeln der Baukunst ? Interpretation von DIN-Vorschriften aus der Sicht eines
Softwareherstellers.
(2002) Heidkamp, H., Filus, M.: FEM-Baugrubenberechnung, SOFiSTiK-User-Meeting

SOFiSTiK Verification Manual 46