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Formula Sheet: MATH 2310 - TEST 2 Fall Term 2017

This document provides formulas and information for a math test, including: 1) The chain rule for functions with dependent variables expressed in terms of another variable. 2) The Taylor series expansion for approximating functions centered around a point. 3) The directional derivative and second derivative tests involving critical points of functions. 4) Reference tables for trigonometric functions evaluated at common angles.

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47 views

Formula Sheet: MATH 2310 - TEST 2 Fall Term 2017

This document provides formulas and information for a math test, including: 1) The chain rule for functions with dependent variables expressed in terms of another variable. 2) The Taylor series expansion for approximating functions centered around a point. 3) The directional derivative and second derivative tests involving critical points of functions. 4) Reference tables for trigonometric functions evaluated at common angles.

Uploaded by

veechow
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formula Sheet
Chain Rule (Case 1) for z = f (x, y) where x = g(t) and y = h(t):

dz f dx f dy
= +
dt x dt y dt

Chain Rule (Case 2) for z = f (x, y) where x = g(s, t) and y = h(s, t):

z f x f y z f x f y
= + and = +
t x t y t s x s y s

Taylor Series of f (x, y) centred at (x0 , y0 ):

f (x0 , y0 ) + fx (x0 , y0 )(x x0 ) + fy (x0 , y0 )(y y0 )


1
fxx (x0 , y0 )(x x0 )2 + 2fxy (x0 , y0 )(x x0 )(y y0 ) + fyy (x0 , y0 )(y y0 )2

+
2!
1
fxxx (x0 , y0 )(x x0 )3 + 3fxxy (x0 , y0 )(x x0 )2 (y y0 ) + 3fxyy (x0 , y0 )(x x0 )(y y0 )2 + fyyy (x0 , y0 )(y y0 )3

+
3!
+

Directional Derivative: Du f (x0 , y0 ) = f (x0 , y0 ) qu

Second Derivative Test:


Suppose (a, b) is a critical point of f and all the second order partial derivatives of f are contin-
uous near (a, b). Let D(x, y) = fxx (x, y)fyy (x, y) (fxy (x, y))2 .

(i) If D(a, b) > 0 and fxx (a, b) > 0, then f has a local minimum at (a, b).
(ii) If D(a, b) > 0 and fxx (a, b) < 0, then f has a local maximum at (a, b).
(iii) If D(a, b) < 0, then f has a saddle at (a, b).
(iv) If D = 0, this gives no conclusion.

3
0 6 4 3 2 2


1 2 3
Some Angles: sin() 0 2 2 2 1 0 1


3 2 1
cos() 1 2 2 2 0 1 0

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