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Elements & Principles of Design

The document discusses the elements and principles of design as they relate to fashion. It identifies the five elements of design as point, line, shape, texture, and color. It then provides examples of how each element is used in different fashion items and garments. The document also discusses the four principles of design - proportion, balance, rhythm, and composition - and gives descriptions and fashion examples for each principle.

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Mobbin Ahmed
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606 views

Elements & Principles of Design

The document discusses the elements and principles of design as they relate to fashion. It identifies the five elements of design as point, line, shape, texture, and color. It then provides examples of how each element is used in different fashion items and garments. The document also discusses the four principles of design - proportion, balance, rhythm, and composition - and gives descriptions and fashion examples for each principle.

Uploaded by

Mobbin Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Elements and Principles of Design

Submitted To- Mrs. Rakhi Pratap


Submitted By- Mubeen Ahmed
Fashion Orientation
MFM
Semester I
06/10/2016
Elements of Design
The elements of design are the basic components used as a part ofany
composition. They are the objects to be arranged, the constituent
partsused to create the composition itself. In most situations the elements
ofdesign build upon one another, the former element helping to create
thelater, and the elements described in this column are arranged as such.
In the fields of art and design, there are five essential elementsthat
contribute to the composition of all objects.

These fiveelements are:

Point: The beginning of any Design, Object, Composition, Structure

Line: An elongated mark, a connection between two points, oran


effect made by the edge of an object.

Shape: A two-or three-dimensional area enclosed by a line.

Texture: The visible and tactile surface of a substance ormaterial.

Colour: Range of visible wavelengths from red through thespectrum


to violet, perceivable by the eye and the brain.
Dots in Fashion
From time to time, there has been use of dots or points in various kinds
of garments or apparels in different types.

Some examples illustrating the use of dots in fashion industry.

In all the above pictures it can clearly be seen that how dots or points can
be used in fashion.
Lines
Line is a distinct, elongated mark as if drawn by a pencil. Eyes follow lines
up, down, side to side or around.

Types of lines:
Straight - bold and severe, suggest dignity, power and formality.
Curved - rounded, circular or flattened out.
1. Increase the size and the shape of the figure.
2. Gives a soft, gentle, youthful, charming and glowing feeling.

Types of directions of Lines:

1. Vertical Lines:
Gives the impression of being slimmer or taller.
Gives a feeling of poise, dignity, strength and sophistication.

2. Horizontal Lines:
Gives the impression of being shorter or heavier.
Gives a relaxed and calm feeling, suggests rest and
gentleness.
Lines in Fashion

In all the above pictures, it can be clearly observed that there has been
use of in different directions with different intensities to create some kind
of effect.
Texture
Texture is defined as the surface quality of a garment. Finishes can be
applied to clothing during the manufacturing process that also changes
the overall texture or feel of a clothing item. To describe the texture of a
specific garment, the following words can be used: rough, smooth, dull,
shiny, firm, crisp, fuzzy, bulky, nubby, soft, shaggy, flat, harsh, sheer,
loopy, furry, scratchy, delicate, sparkling, and fine.

There are two different types of texture:

Structural texture is used to describe the weight or visual size of a


garment. For example, when a wool sweater is manufactured, the
final product that is created is visually bulky and heavy creating the
illusion of an increased body size.
Visual texture occurs when a surface design is integrated into the
garment. Specifically, logos, patterned prints of different sizes, and
pictures can be used to change the overall motif of a garment.
Considering the texture of a garment when purchasing new clothing
is important for comfort, appearance, and can be used to create
interest in an ensemble.
Texture in Fashion

Some examples from the fashion industry showing various types of


textures in various garments.
Shapes
Shape is defined as the silhouette, or overall outline of a garment or other
item. When a designer is creating a garment, how it is cut out and the
construction techniques used impact the shape or form of the final
product. When an individual is walking down the street, the image seen
from a distance is considered his/her shape, form, or silhouette. The
shape or form of a garment can be used by the wearer to draw attention
to or away from various parts of the body. The larger the shape of a
garment the larger the silhouette of an individual will be seen and vice
versa.

Throughout history, three silhouettes have been used:

1) Tubular - The tubular silhouette was used in the 1820s and 1920s
presenting the womans body as slim by using vertical lines in structure
and decoration.

2) Bell - A bell silhouette was commonly found in the 1740s and 1850s
showcasing a fitted waist and full skirt on women.

3) Back Fullness - The last silhouette, the back fullness, was primarily
seen in the 1780s and 1880s.
Shapes in Fashion

Some examples from the fashion industry showing various types of


shapes in various garments.
Colour
Colour provides individuals the opportunity to express feelings, create
illusions in appearance, and can bring overall excitement to a personal
wardrobe. Researchers have found that different colours can symbolize
different moods, feelings, cultural practices, or as a communication tool.
For example, blue is often seen as a calming colour associated with
comfort and security, red communicates excitement, passion, or anger,
yellow is cheerful, representing prosperity and a bright or sunny
disposition, and purple can be used to showcase loyalty, power, or even
mysteriousness.
The colours an individual chooses to wear can influence how others
respond to them. Specifically, when participating in a job interview, it is
important to communicate characteristics such as sophistication,
seriousness, wisdom, and dignity to potential employers. By wearing a
neutral such as black, these characteristics can be presented to a hiring
committee before the candidate even speaks a word. This strategy could
communicate to the potential employer that the job interview is being
taken seriously.
There are three characteristics of colour that are described using the
following terms: hue, value, and intensity. Hue separates one colour from
another and is the name given to each colour on the colour wheel. Value
is seen as the lightness or darkness of a colour. White and black are
added to change the overall value (lightness or darkness) of each colour.
When black is added, a shade is created; whereas, the result of adding
white to a colour is a tint. Intensity describes the brightness or dullness of
a colour. With colour, the possibilities are endless. Consumers can
choose from a variety of colour palettes and schemes to create a specific
look or illusion with their dress.

Types of Colours:

Primary Colours
Secondary Colours
Tertiary Colours
Complementary Colours
Split complementary Colours
Colours in Fashion

Some examples from the fashion industry showing various types of colour
palate in various garments.
Principles of Design
Basically, these are the principles which are applied to the elements of
design that bring them together into one design.

There are 4 basic principles of design:

Proportion
Balance
Rhythm
Composition
Rhythm

Rhythm is the movement or natural eye flow caused by the regular


recurrence of related elements. Those elements in design that are related-
that is, similar in colour, texture, line, shape, or space-create eye
movement. A grouping of related elements causes the eye to naturally
flow from one element to another in an organized manner. This eye
movement or rhythm gives unity to the composition. A break or change in
the rhythmprovides contrast.

Types of Rhythm:

Regular Rhythm

Alternative Rhythm

Progressive Rhythm

Continuous Rhythm

Random Rhythm
Rhythm in Fashion

Some examples from the fashion industry showing various types of


rhythms in various garments.
Balance
Balance is identified as equilibrium of the elements. We have a deep need
for balance or equilibrium. Balance can be seen in nature, in humanfigure,
in manmade structures. We expect it in art as well as life and in fashion.

Types of Balance:
Symmetric Balance - Its a correspondence in size, shape and
relative position on opposite side of an imaginary dividing line.

Asymmetric Balance - It has parts that are different in size, shape


and number or relative position on opposite sides of a dividing line.
They still have balance, they still have similar weight or substance,
but the elements are not the same.

Radial Balance - In radial balance, parts are arranged with a central


axis, whose parts are located equally or correspondingly around a
central pointsimilar to sun rays.

Balance in Fashion
Some examples from the fashion industry showing symmetrical and
asymmetrical balance in various garments.
Some examples from the fashion industry showing radial balance in
various garments.
Proportions
Proportion in fashion design is the principle that holds that the size of
various components of a garment or fashion accessory must look good
together. Proportion is one of the most important principles of fashion
design for the petite woman because when she selects garments, their
proportion (or size/scale of the garment or various components of a
garment or fashion accessory) should be relative to her small stature.

For example, a tea-length, full skirt would have so much volume that it
would be overwhelming on a petite woman.

There are two types of proportion:

1. Good proportion

2. Bad proportion
Proportion in Fashion

Some examples from the fashion industry showing proportions in various


garments.

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