Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)

Vol-2, Issue-5, 2016

ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Real Time DC Motor Speed Control

Using PID in LabVIEW with Arduino
Vishnu V S1, Aneesa K A2, Arun Lal3, Absal Nabi4
1, 2, 3
B-Tech Student, 4Assistant Professor
1,2,3,4
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, ICET, Muvattupuzha.
Abstract: DC Motor plays a crucial role in research systems. A PID is the most commonly used feedback
and laboratory experiments because of their controller. A PID controller calculates an "error"
simplicity and low cost. The proportional integral value as the difference between a measured process
derivative (PID) controller is the most common variable and a desired set point [1]. The controller
method used in closed loop control system. It can be tries to minimize the error by adjusting the process
used for various industrial applications. The main control inputs. A PID controller is the best controller
objective of our paper is to show how a dc motor can for any closed loop application. However, for best
be controlled using labVIEW. The Arduino Uno performance, the PID parameters used in the
board acts as the low coast data acquisition device. calculation must be tuned according to the nature of
The Arduino also feedbacks the speed of the DC the system
motor the labVIEW. The speed sensed by means of
an IR sensor. The feed backed speed is then
compared with the set speed in the PID pallet of the
labVIEW. Then control signal for the errors are
produced

Keywords: Proportional integral derivative (PID),

Direct current (DC), Pulse width modulation
(PWM), Laboratory virtual instrumentation
engineering workbench (labVIEW), labVIEW Figure 1. General block diagram of PID system
interface for Arduino (LIFA).
When the p controller is acted along, there may be a
chance of steady state error. The difference between
1. Introduction the stabilized output and the reference is called the
The aim of our paper is to show how DC motor Steady State Error. It responds immediately to the
can be controlled by using a PID controller in current tracking error but it cannot achieve the
LabVIEW. DC Motor will be interfaced with Lab desired set-point accuracy without an unacceptably
VIEW using an Arduino Uno board. Arduino Uno large gain. Integral control causes an output signal to
board plays the role of data acquisition. The speed of change as a function of the integral of the error signal
the DC motor will be set by creating a VI for PID over time duration. Integral term yields zero steady-
Controller in Lab VIEW. LabVIEW will in turn pass state error in tracking a constant set-point. It also
this speed to the DC motor using a PWM pins on the rejects constant disturbances. Derivative action
Arduino Uno board. DC motor will move with the reduces transient errors and causes an output signal
speed set by the user in LabVIEW. The speed of the to change as a function of the rate of change of the
dc motor will be sensed by using the IR sensor. The error signal. The contributions of the three terms will
output is sent back to the PID Controller in Lab yield the control output, or the control variable. So
VIEW via Arduino board. PID Controller compares here we use PID controller for better and accurate
the actual speed of the DC motor with the set speed. response [3].
If its speed is not same, PID Controller will try to
minimize the error and bring the motor to the set Control Variable = Pout + Iout + Dout
point value.

2. PID controller 3. Arduino Uno board

A proportionalintegralderivative controller is a An Arduino board consists of an 8-bit Atmel

AVR microcontroller with components to facilitate
control loop mechanism widely used in industrial
programming and incorporation into other circuits.

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1757

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-2, Issue-5, 2016
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

An important aspect of the Arduino is the standard 6. Results and discussion

way that connectors are exposed, allowing the CPU
board to be connected to a variety of interchangeable 7.1 Open loop system:
modules known as shields [5]. Some shields
communicate with the Arduino board directly over Block diagram:
various pins. Official Arduino have used the mega
AVR series of chips, specifically the ATmega8,
ATmega168, ATmega328, ATmega1280, and
ATmega2560. Most boards include a 5 volt linear
regulator and a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, although
some designs such as the Lily Pad run at 8 MHz and
dispense with the onboard voltage regulator due to
specific form- factor restrictions. An Arduino
microcontroller is also pre-programmed with a boot
loader that simplifies uploading of programs to the
on-chip flash memory, compared with other devices
that typically need an external programmer. The
main advantage of Arduino boards compared with
the other microcontroller is that the user can program Figure 2.block diagram of open loop motor speed
and upload it directly to the controller through control
Arduino IDEs. The language for the programming is
more user friendly. The VI is made inside a while loop for providing a
stopping facility for the VI. For making a
4. Using PWM' On Arduino communication to the VI from the Arduino we use
the INT and CLOSE pallets. They are initialized with
PWM is a method for supplying the electrical there values. The main part of the VI lies inside the
power to a load having slow response. The supply is while loop. That is a PWM write pallet and knob.
a train of pulses. The width of the each pulses control The PWM write pallet is initialized with a constant 3
the voltage level to the load. The Arduino already to select the 3rd PWM pin on the Arduino. The knob
contains 6 PWM pins on it. The PWM output on the is used for varying the duty cycle of PWM and there
Arduino can be varied by varying the duty cycle by controlling the speed of the motor[4].
from 0 to 255. Thus the speed can be varied. The
PWM pin will have either Vs volt during the pulse or Front panel:
zero volts otherwise. The voltage signal comprises of
pulses of duration T0 that repeats every Tc units of
time. If this signal is supplied as input to a device
that has a response time much larger the Tc, the
device will experience the signal as an DC input with
an effective voltage

Veff = Vs (T0/Tc)

The ratio T0 = Tc is called the duty cycle of the

DC pulses. The DC voltage applied to the load is
controlled by varying this duty cycle.

5. LabVIEW interface for Arduino

(LIFA)
LabVIEW interface for Arduino is a way for
connecting the Arduino with the labVIEW. It is a
sketch for the Arduino for the serial communication
Figure 3.front panel of open loop motor speed
with the VIs of the labVIEW. This helps to move
control
datas from Arduino to labVIEW without adjusting
the communication. By using open, read, write, close
The front panel for the open loop DC motor speed
conventions in labVIEW we can access the digital,
control is as shown above. It consist mainly a knob.
analog and PWM signals of Arduino[2]. For this the
The knob has a dial ranges from 0 to 255. The knob
Arduino should be connected to the system either
is varied from 0 to 255 for controlling the speed of
through USB, serial or Bluetooth.

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1758

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-2, Issue-5, 2016
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

the motor. It actually changes the duty cycle of the additional element of PID is included. It is used for
PWM output of the Arduino. There by the speed is setting the required PID values. The front panel also
changed. It also consists of a stop button and a com consists of a knob. The knob has a dial ranges from 0
box. The stop button is used to stop the running VI. to 255. The knob is varied from 0 to 255 for
The com box is used for selecting the common port controlling the speed of the motor [1]. There by the
for the communication with the Arduino board. speed is changed. It also consists of a stop button.
The stop button is used to stop the running VI.
7.2 Closed loop system:

Block diagram:

Figure 5.front panel of closed loop motor speed

Figure 4.block diagram of closed loop motor speed control
control
7. Conclusion
The connecting panel for the closed loop DC motor
speed control is as shown above. The VI is made The method adopted in our project is low cost
inside a while loop for providing a stopping facility technique for controlling the speed of a DC motor.
for the VI. For making a communication to the VI Arduino Uno board plays the role of Data
from the Arduino we use the INT and CLOSE Acquisition System. The DC motor is interfaced with
pallets. They are initialized with there values. After PID Controller in LabVIEW via Arduino Uno board.
that we set the required Arduino pins for output or Speed of the motor is sensed by the tachometer
input. It also consists of a knob for setting the which is sent back to PID Controller as feedback for
required speed. The dial ranges from 0 to 255.The calculating and compensating the error produced if
main part of the closed loop speed control is the PID any. The method implemented can be used for
VI. It consists of many inputs and outputs in it. We various industrial applications. This technique helps
set the required speed at the set point port. There is a in maintaining the stability of the system
process variable port where we give the feed back
signal that is the speed of the motor at that time.
There are also ports for setting the PID values for the 8. References
motor. During the operation, the PID will compare
1. M. Saranya, D. Pamela, A Real Time IMC
the set point with the process variable and will Tuned PID Controller for DC Motor", IJRTE
produce a signal for eliminating the error in output if ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume 1, Issue-1, April 2012
any. The output of the PID given to the PWM write 2. Naveen Kumar and Dr. Prasad Krishna, "Low
pallet. Where the PWM pin 3 is enabled and there by cost data acquition and control using Arduino
the speed of the motor is controlled. The speed of the Prototyping platform and
motor sensed through Arduino by serial LabVIEW",IJSR,Volume 2, Issue-2, February
communication. Because through LIFA the signal 2013
sampling is high,. So Arduino has difficult to read 3. Purna Chandra Rao et. al., Robust Internal
Model Control Strategy based PID Controller for
the signals. Thats why we used the serial
BLDCM ,International Journal of
communication. EngineeringScience and Technology, Volume
2(11), 2010, 6801-6811
Front panel: 4. Olden. P, Open Loop motor speed control with
LabVIEW, SoutheastCon, Proceedings IEEE,
The front panel for the open loop DC motor speed pp. 259-262, 2001, (Conference Publications)
control is as shown above. It is also similar to the 5. Website: https://www.arduino.cc/ A complete
open loop speed control front panel, except that an guide to Beginners.

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1759