INSTALLING & CONFIGURING

WINDOWS SERVER 2012 R2

Tulus Pardamean Simanjuntak

COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
2017
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Selecting a Windows Server 2012 R2 edition. When planning a server deployment, the operating
system edition you choose should be based on multiple factors, including the following:
The roles you intend the servers to perform
The virtualization strategy you intend to implement
The licensing strategy you plan to use
Supporting Server Roles. Some of the Windows Server 2012 R2 editions include all of the available
roles, whereas others include only some of them. Selecting the appropriate edition of Windows Server
has always been a matter of anticipating the roles that the computer must perform. At one time, this
was a relatively simple process.
Supporting Server Virtualization. Each edition varies in the number of VMs permitted by its license.
Each running instance of the Windows Server 2012 R2 operating system is classified as being in a
physical operating system environment (POSE) or in a virtual operating system environment (VOSE).
When you purchase a Windows Server 2012 R2 license, you can perform a POSE installation of the
operating system, as always. After installing the Hyper-V role, you can then create VMs and perform
VOSE installations on them.
Server Licensing. Microsoft provides several different sales channels for Windows Server 2012 R2
licenses, and not all of the editions are available through all of the channels. Licensing Windows Server
2012 R2 includes purchasing licenses for both servers and clients, and there are many options for each
one. If you are already involved in a licensing agreement with Microsoft, you should already be aware
of the server editions that are available to you through that agreement. If you are not aware, however,
you should investigate the licensing options available to you before you select a server edition.

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32 GB of available disk space should be considered an absolute minimum. The system partition will
need extra space if you install the system over a network or if your computer has more than 16 GB of
RAM installed. The additional disk space is required for paging, hibernation, and dump files. In
practice, you are unlikely to come across a computer with 32 GB of RAM and only 32 GB of disk space.
If you do, free more disk space or invest in additional storage hardware.

Maximum RAM for Standard Edition is 32GB and 4TB for Datacenter Edition.

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Hardware resource conservation.

Server Core eliminates some of the most memory-intensive and processor-intensive elements of the
Windows Server 2012 R2 operating system, thus devoting more of the system hardware to running
essential services.

Reduced disk space.

Server Core requires less disk space for the installed operating system elements and less swap space,
which maximizes the utilization of the servers storage resources.

Reduced patch frequency.

The graphical elements of Windows Server 2012 R2 are among the most frequently updated, so
running Server Core reduces the number of updates that administrators must apply. Fewer updates
also mean fewer server restarts and less downtime.

Reduced attack surface.

The less software there is running on the computer, the fewer entrance points for attackers to exploit.
Server Core reduces the potential openings presented by the operating system, increasing its overall
security.

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Some of Control Panel items omitted are:
Programs and Features
Network and Sharing Center
Devices and Printers Center
Display
Firewall
Windows Update
Fonts
Storage Spaces

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To configure the Minimal Server Interface, complete the following procedure.

1. Click Manage > Remove Roles and Features. The Remove Roles and Features Wizard appears,
showing the Before You Begin page.
2. Click Next. The Server Selection page appears.
3. In the Server Pool list, select the server you want to modify and click Next. The Remove Server
Roles page appears.
4. Click Next. The Remove Features page appears.
5. Scroll down the Features list and expand the User Interfaces and Infrastructure feature.
6. Clear the Server Graphical Shell check box and click Next. The Confirm Removal Selections
page appears.
7. Click Remove. The Removal Progress page appears.
8. When the removal is complete, click Close.
9. Restart the server.

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During a Windows Server 2012 R2 installation, the Setup program copies the files for all the operating
system components from the installation medium to a directory called WinSxS, the side-by-side
component store. This enables you to activate any of the features included with Windows Server 2012
R2 without having to supply an installation medium.

The only drawback of this arrangement is that the WinSxS directory permanently occupies
approximately 5 GB of disk space, much of which is, in many cases, devoted to data that will never be
used after the initial server deployment.

Feature Disabled with payload removed only provided by Features on Demand because in versions of
the operating system prior to Windows Server 2012, features could only be Enabled or Disabled.

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Once you delete the source files for a feature from the WinSxS folder, they are not irretrievable. If you
attempt to enable that feature again, the system will download it from Windows Update or,
alternatively, retrieve it from an image file you specify by using the Source flag with the Install-
WindowsFeature cmdlet. This enables you to retrieve the required files from a removable disk or from
an image file on the local network. You can also use Group Policy to specify a list of installation sources.

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As part of the new emphasis on cloud-based services in Windows networking, Windows Server 2012
R2 contains a variety of tools that have been overhauled to facilitate remote server management
capabilities.

The new Server Manager, for example, is designed to enable administrators to manage Windows
servers without having to interact directly with the server console, either physically or remotely.
However, there are some tasks that administrators might have to perform immediately after the
operating system installation that require direct access to the server console:
Configuring the network connection
Setting the time zone
Enabling Remote Desktop
Renaming the computer
Joining a domain

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In this command, the asterisk (*) in the /password parameter causes the program to prompt you for
the password to the user account you specified.

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Virtualization enables you to separate vital network functions on different systems without having to
purchase a separate physical computer for each one. However, one drawback of this practice is that a
single server hosting multiple virtual machines is still a single point of failure for all of them. A single
malfunctioning network adapter, a faulty switch, or even an unplugged cable can bring down a host
server and all its VMs with it.

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In Switch Independent Mode, you can choose between two configurations. The active/active
configuration leaves all the network adapters functional, providing increased throughput. If one
adapter fails, all the traffic is shunted to the remaining adapters. In the active/standby configuration,
one adapter is left offline to function as a failover in the event the active adapter fails. In active/active
mode, an adapter failure causes a performance reduction; in active/standby mode, the performance
remains the same before and after an adapter failure.

In Switch Dependent Mode, you can choose static teaming, a generic mode that balances the traffic
between the adapters in the team, or you can opt to use the Link Aggregation Control Protocol defined
in IEEE 802.3ax, assuming that your equipment supports it.

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The primary difference between the Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2 Server
Managers and previous versions is the ability to add and manage multiple servers at once. When you
log on to a GUI installation of Windows Server 2012 R2 with an administrative account, Server
Manager loads automatically, displaying the Welcome tile.

The Server Manager interface consists of a navigation pane on the left containing icons representing
various views of server resources. Selecting an icon displays a home page in the right pane, which
consists of a number of tiles containing information about the resource.

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These other views include a page for the Local Server, one for All Servers, and others for server groups
and role groups.

Although only the local server appears in Server Manager when you first run it, you can add other
servers, enabling you to manage them together. The servers you add can be physical or virtual and
can be running any version of Windows Server since Windows Server 2003. After you add servers to
the interface, you can create groups containing collections of servers, such as the servers at a
particular office location or those performing a particular function. These groups appear in the
navigation pane, enabling you to administer them as a single entity.

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In an enterprise virtualization strategy, administrators frequently maintain virtual machines (VMs) in
an offline state. For example, you might have an offline web server VM stored on a backup host server,
in case the computer hosting your main web server VMs should fail. Server Manager enables you to
select a virtual hard disk (VHD) file and install or remove roles and features without having to start the
VM.

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When you first look at the Local Server home page in Server Manager, one of the tiles you find there
is the Services tile. This tile lists all the services installed on the server and specifies their operational
status and their Start Type. When you right-click a service, the shortcut menu provides controls that
enable you to start, stop, restart, pause, and resume the service.

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