STRUCTURE

OF ATOM
This Chapter Structure of Atom is taken from our:

ISBN : 9789386146533
1. Which is not correct amongst the following statements 6. The angular momentum of the electron in first excited
about cathode rays : energy state of hydrogen atom is
(a) They are deflected by electric and magnetic fields h h
(b) e/m ratio of the particles forming them depends upon (a) (b)
2
the gas filled in the discharge tube
(c) e/m ratio is constant, independent of the gas filled (c) h (d) none of these
2( 2 1)
and cathode material 2
(d) particles forming them possess the same mass and 7. The hydrogen line spectra provides evidence for the
same charge. (a) Heisenberg uncertainty principle
2. What is an electron ? (b) wave like property of light
(a) a wave (c) diatomic nature of hydrogen
(b) a particle (d) quantized nature of atomic energy states
(c) either, depending on how it is observed 8. If an element emits photon in its ground state due to
electronic transitition, then its
(d) neither
(a) atomic number will increase
3. The photoelectric current decreases if
(b) atomic number will remain unchanged
(a) the frequency of incident radiation decreases below
(c) atomic number will decrease
threshold frequency
(d) mass number will decrease
(b) the exposure time is decreased
9. If an electron undergoes transition from n = 2 to n = 1 in
(c) the intensity of the source of light is decreased Li2+ ion, the energy of photon radiated will be best given
(d) none of these by
4. The work function of a metal is 4.0 eV. The longest (a) hv (b) hv1 + hv2
wavelength of light that can cause photoelectron emission (c) hv1 + hv2 + hv3 (d) all of these
from the metal is approximately : 10. Kinetic energy of an electron in hydrogen atom increases
(a) 540 nm (b) 400 nm after transition from an orbit n1 to another orbit n2. Then
(c) 300 nm (d) 220 nm (a) n1 n2
5. The work function of a photoelectric material is 3.3 eV, its
(b) n1 n2
threshold frequency will be
(c) it is not possible to predict
(a) 8 1014 Hz (b) 5 1033 Hz
(d) none of these
(c) 8 1010 Hz (d) 4 1011 Hz

MARK YOUR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
RESPONSE 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
 24 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger
11. The ratio of the speeds of an electron in the first orbit of 18. What are the component values (in terms of h/2 ) of the
hydrogen atom to that in the 4th orbit of He+ is orbital angular momentum along the Z-direction for a 2p
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 electron?
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1
1 1 3 1 1 3
12. Hydrogen atoms are excited to n = 4 state. In the spectrum (a) , (b) , , ,
of emitted radiation, number of lines in the ultraviolet and 2 2 2 2 2 2
visible regions are respectively (c) +2, +1, 0, 1, 2 (d) +1, 0, 1
(a) 3; 1 (b) 1; 3 19. The average life of an excited state of hydrogen atom is of
(c) 2; 3 (d) 3; 2 the order of 108 s. The number of revolutions made by an
13. An electron travels with a velocity of x ms1. For a proton electron when it is in state n = 2 and before it suffers a
to have the same de Broglie wavelength, the velocity will transition to state n = 1, are
be approximately? (a) 2.28 106 (b) 22.8 106
(c) 8.23 10 6 (d) 2.82 106
1840 x
(a) (b) 20. What transition in the hydrogen spectrum would have the
x 1840
same wavelength as Balmer transition, n = 4 to n = 2 in He+
(c) 1840 x (d) x
spectrum?
14. Li and a proton are accelerated by the same potential, their
(a) n = 3 to n = 1 (b) n = 3 to n = 2
de Broglie wavelengths Li and p have the ratio (assume (c) n = 4 to n = 1 (d) n = 2 to n = 1
mLi 9m p ) 21. The dissociation energy of H2 is 430.53 kJ mol1. If
hydrogen is dissociated by illumination with radiation of
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 4 wavelength 253.7 nm, the fraction of the radiant energy
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : 3 3 which will be converted into kinetic energy is given by
15. When light of frequency 3.2 1016 Hz is used to irradiate a (a) 1.22% (b) 8.76%
metal surface, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted (c) 2.22% (d) 100%
22. If a proton and -particle are accelerated through the same
3
photoelectron is of the energy of the irradiating photon. potential difference, the ratio of de Broglie wavelengths
4
What is the threshold frequency of the metal? p and is
(a) 2 (b) 1
(a) 2.4 10 25 Hz (b) 2.4 1016 Hz
(c) 2 2 (d) 3
(c) 1.6 1015 Hz (d) 8 1015 Hz
23. If the uncertainties in position and momentum are equal,
16. The ionization potential for the electron in the ground state the uncertainty in the velocity is
of the hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV atom1. What would be
the ionization potential for the electron in the first excited h h
state of Li2+? (a) (b)
2
(a) 3.4 eV (b) 10.2 eV
(c) 30.6 eV (d) 6.8 eV 1 h
(c) (d) none of these
17. The energy of the electron in Be3+ ion depends on 2m
(a) the principal quantum number only 24. The orbital angular momentum of 2p electron is
(b) the principal and azimuthal quantum numbers only
(a) 3h (b) 6h
(c) the principal, azimuthal and magnetic quantum
numbers only h
(d) the principal, azimuthal, magnetic and spin quantum (c) Zero (d) 2
2
numbers

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

MARK YOUR
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
RESPONSE
21. 22. 23. 24.
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 25

25. In any subshell, the maximum number of electrons having 31. The de Broglie wavelength of electron in first Bohr orbit is
same value of spin quantum number is exactly equal to
(a) l (l 1) (b) (a) half the circumference of the orbit
l 2
(b) equal to the circumference of the orbit
(c) 2l 2 (d) 4l 2 (c) twice the circumference of the orbit
26. The orbital diagram in which both the Paulis exclusion (d) thrice the circumference of the orbit
principle and Hunds rule are violated, is
32. The de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated by
(a) (b) an electric field of V volts is given by

(c) (d) 1.23 1.23

(a) nm (b) nm
27. The incorrect statement amongst the following is m h
(a) Magnetic quantum number determines the z-
1.23 1.23
component of the orbital angular momentum of the (c) nm (d) nm
electron V V
(b) In the applied magnetic field, d-orbitals can assume 5 33. The minimum number of orbitals possible for a shell
different orientations w.r.t. the field containing g-subshell is
(c) The wave function associated with half filled or (a) 25 (b) 9
completely filled sub-shells is spherically symmetrical (c) 36 (d) none of these
(d) None of these 34. Which two orbitals are both located between the axes of
28. Given the following statements regarding d-orbitals coordinate system, and not along the axes?
(1) It has 4 lobes and 2 angular nodes
(a) d xy , d (b) d yz , px
(2) It has 4 lobes and one angular node z2
(3) The orbital angular momentum of electron in this
(c) d , pz (d) none of these
x2 y2
h
orbital is 6 35. Which series of subshells is arranged in the order of
2
increasing energy for multi-electron atoms?
(4) It is non-degenerate
(a) 6s, 4 f, 5d, 6p (b) 4 f, 6s, 5d, 6p
The correct statement(s) is/are
(c) 5d, 4 f, 6s, 6p (d) 4f, 5d, 6s, 6p
(a) only (1) (b) (1) and (3)
36. The four quantum numbers that could identify the third 3p
(c) (2) and (3) (d) (1) and (4)
electron in sulphur are
29. If the shortest wavelength of the spectral line of H-atom in
Lyman series is x, then the longest wavelength of the line 1
(a) n = 3, l = 0, m = +1, s =
in Balmer series of Li2+ is 2
5x 4x 1
(a) (b) (b) n = 2, l = 2, m = 1, s =
4 5 2
x
(c) (d) 9x 1
9 (c) n = 3, l = 2, m = +1, s =
2
30. Which of the following electron transitions in a hydrogen
atom will require the largest amount of energy? 1
(d) n = 3, l = 1, m = 1, s =
(a) from n = 1 to n = 2 (b) from n = 2 to n = 4 2
(c) from n = 10 to n = 1 (d) from n = 3 to n = 5

25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

MARK YOUR
30. 31. 32. 33. 34.
RESPONSE
35. 36.
 26 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger
37. The quantum numbers of four electrons are as follows : 43. The correct order of penetrating power of 3s, 3p, 3d
n l m s electrons is
1 (a) 3d > 3p > 3s (b) 3s > 3p > 3d
(i) Electron 1 3 1 1
2 (c) 3s > 3d > 3p (d) 3d > 3s > 3p
44. Hunds rule pertains to the distribution of electrons in
1
(ii) Electron 2 3 0 0 (a) principal energy shell (b) an orbital
2
(c) degenerate orbitals (d) none of these
1
(iii) Electron 3 4 0 0
2 1 1
45. If there are three possible values , 0, for the
1 2 2
(iv) Electron 4 3 2 2
2 spin quantum numbers, the number of elements in first,
The correct order of decreasing energies of these electrons second, 3rd and 4th periods of long form of periodic table
is will be respectively
(a) Electron 2 > Electron 1 > Electron 3 > Electron 4 (a) 2, 8, 8, 18 (b) 3, 12, 27, 27
(b) Electron 4 > Electron 3 > Electron 1 > Electron 2
(c) 3, 12, 12, 27 (d) 2, 8, 12, 27
(c) Electron 4 > Electron 3 > Electron 2 > Electron 1
(d) Electron 1 > Electron 2 > Electron 4 > Electron 3 46. The number of radial nodes (nodal points) of 3s, 3p and 3d
38. The principle that is based on electrons attempting to be electrons are respectively
as apart as possible is (a) 0, 1, 2 (b) 2, 1, 0
(a) Bohrs theory (b) Heisenberg principle (c) 1, 3, 5 (d) 3, 2, 0
(c) Exclusion principle (d) Hunds rule
47. When a certain photoelectric substance was irradiated with
39. The atomic number of the element with maximum number
a light of frequency 4.0 1015 Hz, the photo electrons
of unpaired electrons is
emitted had thrice the kinetic energy as did photo electrons
(a) 23 (b) 33
emitted when the same substance was irradiated with light
(c) 15 (d) 26
of frequency 2.0 1015 Hz. The threshold frequency of the
40. Which of the folloing orbitals is more close to the nucleus?
photoelectric substance is
(a) 5f (b) 6d
(c) 7s (d) 7p (a) 2.0 1015 Hz (b) 1.0 1016 Hz
41. If the radius of first orbit of H-atom is a0, then de Broglie
wavelength of electron in 4th orbit is (c) 1.0 1015 Hz (d) 1.5 1015 Hz

(a) 2 a0 (b) 16a0 48. The wave number of last line of Lyman series of hydrogen
spectrum is 109674 cm1. The wave number of H line in
a0 Balmer series He+ is
(c) (d) 8 a0
4 (a) 438696 cm1 (b) 109674 cm1
42. The radii of maximum probability for 3s, 3p and 3d electrons
(c) 30465 cm1 (d) 60930 cm1
are in the order
49. The energy of electron in first excited Bohrs orbit of He+
(a) (rmax )3d (rmax )3 p (rmax )3s is 13.6 eV atom1. The energy of electron in the second
(rmax )3d (rmax )3s (rmax )3 p excited orbit of Li2+ is
(b)
(a) 30.6 eV atom1 (b) 13.6 eV atom1
(c) ( rmax ) 3 s ( rmax )3 p ( rmax ) 3d (c) 7.65 eV atom1 (d) 27.2 eV atom1
(d) none of these

37. 38. 39. 40. 41.

MARK YOUR
42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
RESPONSE
47. 48. 49.
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 27

50. Given the following ions 57. The orbital diagram in which the Aufbau principle is
(1) Cr3+ (2) Fe2+ violated, is
(3) Ni2+ (4) Cu2+ 3s 3p
(a) [Ne]
(atomic number : Cr = 24, Fe = 26, Ni = 28, Cu = 29)
The correct sequence of the increasing order of number of 3s 3p
unpaired electrons in these ions is (b) [Ne]
(a) 3, 4, 2, 1 (b) 1, 2, 3, 4
(c) 4, 3, 1, 2 (d) 4, 2, 3, 1 3s 3p
(c) [Ne]
51. The magnetic moment of Mx+ (atomic number of M = 25) is

15 B.M. The number of unpaired electrons and the value 3s 3p

(d) [Ne]
of x respectively are
(a) 4, 3 (b) 3, 4 58. The total number of orbitals in the principal shell of He+
(c) 3, 2 (d) 5, 2 hcR
that has energy equal to , is (R = Rydberg constant)
52. The number of d-electrons in Fe2+ (Z = 26) is not equal to 4
that of (a) 4 (b) 16
(a) s-electrons in Mg (b) p-electrons in Ne (c) 9 (d) none of these
(c) d-electrons in Fe (d) p-electrons in Cl 59. Which of the following sets of three quantum numbers
53. The ratio of magnetic moments of Fe(III) and Co (II) is (n, l and m) that does not give the permissible solution
(a) (b) of Schrodinger wave equation?
3: 7 7: 3
(a) 3, 2, 2 (b) 4, 2, 0
(c) 7 : 3 (d) 3 : 7
(c) 4, 3, 3 (d) 4, 2, 3
54. The magnetic moments of Cu (Z = 29), Ti (Z = 22), and 60. If the subsidiary quantum number of a sub-energy level is
Cr (Z = 24) are in the ratio of 4, the maximum and minimum values of the spin
(a) 1 : 5 : 4 (b) multiplicities are
4 : 5 :1
(a) 9, 1 (b) 10, 1
(c) 1 :2:6 (d) 1 : 3 : 21 (c) 10, 2 (d) 4, 4
61. The correct set of quantum numbers for the unpaired
55. Which of the following is not correct about the product of
electron of scandium (Z = 21) is
velocity of electron in Bohrs orbit and the principal
quantum number in a hydrogenic atom or ion? 1 1
(a) 4, 2, 2, (b) 3, 2, 2,
(a) It is independent of the principal quantum number 2 2
(b) It is independent of the energy of electron 1 1
(c) It has no dependence of nuclear charge (c) 3, 1, 1, (d) 3, 2, 3,
2 2
(d) It varies proportionately with the nuclear charge 62. The orbital of next higher energy than that of n p orbital is
56. Which of the following orbital diagram violates the Paulis (a) nd (b) (n + 1)p
exclusion principle? (c) (n + 1) d (d) (n + 1) s
2s 2p 2s 2p 63. The magnetic moment of a particular ion is 2 6 B.M. The
(a) (b)
ion is
2s 2p 2s 2p (a) Mn 2+ (b) Fe3+
(c) (d) (c) Co 2+ (d) Co3+

50. 51. 52. 40. 53.

MARK YOUR
54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
RESPONSE
59. 60. 61. 62. 63.
 28 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger
64. The electronic configuration of Mn2+ is 67. Which two orbitals are both located along the axes, and
not between the axes?
3d 4s
(a) [Ar] (a) d xy , d (b) dxy, pz
z2

3d 4s (c) dyz, px (d) pz, d

(b) [Ar] x2 y 2

68. The wave number of electromagnetic radiation emitted

3d 4s during the transition in between two energy levels of Li2+
(c) [Ar] ion whose principal quantum number sum is 4 and
difference is 2, is
3d 4s (a) 3.5 RH (b) 4 RH
(d) [Ar]
(c) 8 RH 8
(d) RH
65. The number of concentric spherical surfaces for 3s orbital 9
at which the probability of finding the electron is zero, are 69. In order to have a wavelength of 1 associated with an
(a) 0 (b) 1 electron, the accelerating electric potential must be
(c) 2 (d) 3 (a) 10 V (b) 150 V
(c) 15 V (d) 1 V
66. Which of the following graphs represents the radial charge
70. A principal shell having the highest energy subshell to be
density of 3d electron?
g can accomodate electrons to a maximum of
(a) 18 (b) 32
(c) 25 (d) 50
2 2

71. A 5 g orbital has

4 rR

(a) 0 angular and radial nodes both

(a)
(b) 0 radial node and 2 angular nodes
r (c) 4 radial nodes and 4 angular nodes
(d) 0 radial node and 4 angular nodes
72. A 3 p-orbital has
(a) 2 non-spherical nodes
2 2

(b) 2 spherical nodes

4 rR

(b) (c) 1 spherical and 1 non-spherical node

(d) 1 spherical and 2 non-spherical nodes
r 73. If n and l are the principal and azimuthal quantum numbers,
then maximum number of electrons that a principal energy
level can accomodate, is
l n 1 l n
2 2
4 rR

(a) 2 (2l 1) (b) 2(2l 1)

(c) l 1 l 0

l n 1 l n 1
r
(c) 2(2l 1) (d) 2 (2l 1)
l 0 l 1

74. The energy of an electron in first Bohr orbit of H-atom is

2 2
4 rR

13.6 eV. The possible energy value of electron in the excited

(d) state of Li2+ is
(a) 122.4 eV (b) 30.6 eV
r (c) 30.6 eV (d) 13.6 eV

64. 65. 66. 67. 68.

MARK YOUR
69. 70. 71. 72. 73.
RESPONSE
74.
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 29

75. The kinetic energy of an electron in an orbit of radius r of (c) Its kinetic and total energy decreases and potential
2 energy increases
Li ion is (e = electronic charge)
(d) Its kinetic, potential and total energy decreases
e2 e2 82. If the binding energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is
(a) (b) 13.6 eV, the energy required to remove the electron from
r 3r
the first excited state of Li2+ is
2 (a) 3.4 eV (b) 13.6 eV
3e 2 3e
(c) (d) (c) 30.6 eV (d) 122.4 eV
r 2r
83. The shortest wavelengths of radiation emitted when an
76. Magnetic field produced by electrons in atoms and
electron from infinity falls into the ionized H-atom
molecules is due to their
(a) orbital motion only ( RH 1.097 107 m 1
)
(b) spin motion only (a) 91 nm (b) 192 nm
(c) spin and orbital motion both
(c) 406 nm (d) 1.9 10 8 nm
(d) neither spin nor orbital motion
84. According to Einsteins Photoelectric equation, the plot
77. When an electron of H-atom jumps from a higher to lower
of kinetic energy of photoelectron from a metal surface
energy state, then
versus reciprocal of wavelength of incident radiation is a
(a) its potential energy increases
straight line. The slope of the line
(b) its kinetic energy increases (a) depends on the intensity of radiation and metal used
(c) its angular momentum remains unchanged (b) depends on the nature of the metal used
(d) wavelength of de Broglie wave associated with the (c) depends on the intensity of the radaition used
electron increases
(d) is the same for all metals and independent of the
78. An energy of 24.6 eV is required to remove one of the intensity of radiation
electrons from a helium atom. The energy required to 85. Photoelectric work function of a metal is 1 eV. If a light of
remove both the electrons from helium atom is wavelength 300 falls on the metal, the velocity of the
(a) 38.2 eV (b) 49.2 eV photoelectron ejected will be
(c) 51.8 eV (d) 79.0 eV 1
79. As per Bohr model the potential energy of electron in the (a) 10 ms (b) 10 3 ms 1

ground state of Li 2 is (c) 10 4 ms 1 (d) 10 6 ms 1

(a) 27 eV (b) 122.4 eV 86. The work function of a metal is 4.0 eV. The longest
(c) 244.8 eV (d) 244.8 eV wavelength of light that can cause photoelectron emission
from this metal is approximately
80. Electronic configuration of a species (atom or ion) depends
(a) 540 nm (b) 400 nm
upon
(c) 310 nm (d) 220 nm
(a) total number of electrons present only
87. The binding energy per nucleon of deutron (H2 is 1.1 mev
(b) nuclear charge only
and that of He nucleus is 7 mev. When two deutron nuclei
(c) total number of electrons as well as nuclear charge fuse to form helium nucleus, the energy released is
(d) total number of electrons as well as number of (a) 13.9 mev (b) 23.6 mev
neutrons
(c) 29.6 mev (d) 19.2 mev
81. The electron in H-atom like species makes a transition from
an excited state to the ground state. Which of the following 88. The electronic configuration 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 5 3s1 describes
statements is true? which one of the following
(a) Its kinetic energy increases but potential and total (a) The ground state of neon
energy decreases (b) The ground state of F anion
(b) Its kinetic energy decreases whereas the potential (c) The ground state of oxide anion
and total energy remains the same (d) The excited state of oxide anion

75. 76. 77. 78. 79.

MARK YOUR
80. 81. 82. 83. 84.
RESPONSE
85. 86. 87. 88.
 30 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger
89. Which of the following graphs depicts correctly the 93. The correct relationship between wave numbers of spectral
variation of photoelectric current, i, with the intensity, I, of lines, in Balmer series of hydrogen atom having the least
incident radiation? and highest wave-lengths, is given by
(a) 5 : 9 (b) 9 : 5
(a) (b) (c) 5 : 27 (d) 27 : 5
94. If we apply potential difference so that an electron is
i i accelerated continuously in a vaccum tube such that a
decrease of 10% occurs in its de Broglie wave length. In
such a case the change observed in kinetic energy of
electron will be approximately
I I (a) a decrease of 11% (b) an increase of 11.1%
(c) an increase of 10% (d) an increase of 23.4%
(c) (d) 95. The approximate wave length of matter wave associated
with an electron, that is accelerated by applying 100 V of
i potential difference in a discharge tube, will be
Ii
(a) 123 pm (b) 12.3 pm
(c) 1.23 pm (d) 0.123 pm
I 96. Which of the following gives the correct ratio between
I time periods of an electron for each revolution in second
and third Bohrs orbits ?
90. If it were possible for hydrogen atom to exist with a positron
(a) 4 : 9 (b) 9 : 4
as the extra nuclear particle, then the energy of positron in
(c) 8 : 27 (d) 27 : 8
first excited state will be
97. Which of the following is the correct sequence for the
(a) 13.6 eV (b) 3.4 eV
number of nodal planes, number of nodes and number of
(c) 3.4 ev (d) 6.8 eV
peaks in the radial probability curve of a 5d orbital ?
91. What will be the number of spectral lines (N) observed if
(a) 2, 3, 2 (b) 2, 2, 3
an electron undergoes transition from n2 excited level to
(c) 4, 3, 2 (d) 5, 2, 3
n1 excited level in an atom of hydrogen ?
98. Energy levels, A, B, C, of a certain atom correspond to
(n2 n1 )(n2 n1 1) increasing values of energy i.e., EA < EB < EC. If 1, 2, 3
(a) N
2 are the wave lengths of radiations corresponding to the
(n1 n2 )(n2 n1 1) transition from C to B, B to A and C to A respectively,
(b) N which of the following statements is correct ?
2
(n2 n1 )(n1 n2 1) C
(c) N
2 1

(d) 2(n1 n2)(n2 + n1 1)2 B

92. If the shortest wave-length of a spectral line in Lyman
2 3
series for He+ is x, then what will be the largest wave
length of a spectral line in Balmer series of Li2+ A
4x
(a) (b) 9 x 1 2
5 (a) 3= 1+ 2 (b) 3
1 2
5x 16 x
(c) (d) (c) 2 2 2
4 5 1+ 2+ 3=0 (d) 3 1 2

MARK YOUR 89. 90. 91. 92. 93.

RESPONSE 94. 95. 96. 97. 98.
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 31

99. The given diagram indicates the energy levels of certain 102. If E is the kinetic energy of the particle then which of the
atoms. When the system moves from 2E level to E a photon following expressions is correct for de Broglie wave length
of wave length is emitted. The wave-length of photon of the particle ?
4E
produced during its transition from level to E is h h
3 (a) = (b) =
2mE 2mE
2E
h 2mE
4 3E (c) = (d) =
? 2mE h
E
103. Angular part of the wave function depends upon quantum
0 numbers
(a) n and l (b) l and m
3
(a) (b) (c) n and s (d) l and s
3 3
104. If two particles are associated with same kinetic energy,
4 then the de Broglies wave-length ( ) of these particles is
(c) (d) 3
3 (a) directly proportional to the velocity
100. The transition from state n = 4 to n = 3 in a hydrogen like (b) inversely proportional to the velocity
atom results in ultraviolet radiations. Infra-red radiation (c) independent of mass and velocity
will be obtained in which of the following transitions ? (d) can not be predicted
(a) n = 2 to n = 1 (b) n = 3 to n = 2 105. An electron in the ground state of hydrogen was excited
(c) n = 4 to n = 2 (d) n = 5 to n = 4 to a higher energy level using monochromatic radiations
101. Radial part of the wave function depends upon quantum of wave length ( ) 975 . The longest wave length that
numbers appears in the resulting spectrum is due to transition from:
(a) n and s (b) l and m (a) n4 n1 (b) n4 n3
(c) l and s (d) n and l (c) n5 n4 (d) n5 n1

MARK YOUR 99. 100. 101. 102. 103.

RESPONSE 104. 105.

where denotes the wavelength associated with the moving matter

PASSAGE-1
object of mass m and velocity v, and p denotes the momentum of
the object.
Dual Nature of Matter : Light and other electromagnetic radiations Davisson and Germer determined the wavelength of matter wave
have dual nature i.e., wave and particle nature. Interference and associated with electrons (accelerated by an exactly known electric
diffraction phenomenon show the wave nature of light whereas potential) by studying their diffraction patterns from nickel crystal
the photoelectric effect and black body radiation phenomenon and using the relation:
support the particle nature of light. Louis de Broglie (1924) 2d sin = n .....(2)
suggested on the same grounds that all moving material particles where d denotes the spacing of lattice planes in nickel crystal,
(microscopic as well macroscopic) also have the dual nature i.e., the grazing angle of incidence on the planes and n (1, 2, 3 etc.) the
wave and particle nature. However, the wave associated with order of reflection.
matter, known as matter wave, has characteristics different from The experimentally determined value of from Eq. (2) is found to
the electromagnetic wave. be in excellent agreement with the value of wavelength calculated
The two characters of matter are related by de Broglie equation as using de Broglie equation as :
h h h h
= = ...... (h = Planck's constant)....(1) = =
mv p mv 2meV
 32 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger
where e is the electronic charge (coulombs) and V (volts) is the where x, y, z are cartesian coordinates of the electron m = mass of
accelerating potential. electron; E = total energy of the electron; V = potential energy of
the electron; h = Planck's constant and (psi) = wave function of
1. The momentum of hydrogen atom is given by
the electron.
hv hv
(a) p (b) p The wave function may be reagarded as the amplitude function in
c mc2 terms of coordinates x, y and z. It may have positive or negative
mv values depending upon the values of coordinates. As such has
(c) p (d) Can't be predicted
h
no significance but its square ( 2 ) gives the probability of finding
2. The wavelength of matter wave associated with an electron
passing through an electric potential of 5000V is given by an electron within a small element of space. The narrow region of
(e = electronic charge in coulombs and m = mass of electron space in which there is maximum probability of finding the electron
in Kg.) is called orbital.
4 2 The solution of the above equation requires three sets of numbers
h 10 h 10
(a) m (b) m to be introduced, called quantum numbers. These are denoted by
me me n, l and m and called principal, azimuthal and magnetic quantum
numbers respectively. n assumes integral values (1, 2, 3, 4 etc.), l
me 2 me
(c) 10 m (d) 10 4 m assumes values 0 to n 1 (all integral) and m assumes l to +l
h h through zero (all integral). The principal quantum number describes
3. If is the wavelength associated with the electron in the the size and the energy of the orbital, l describes the shape and m
second circular orbit of H-atom, the radius of the orbit is the orientation of the orbital in the applied magnetic field.
given by The hyperfine splitting of spectral lines of H-spectrum under the
2 electric field necessitates the introduction of fourth quantum
(a) (b) number, the spin quantum number(s).
2
1 1
(c) (d) Spin quantum number can take up two values and which
2 2
4. If the Planck's constant is 6.6 1034 Js, the de Broglie describe the spin angular momentum of the electron in clockwise
wavelength of a particle of mass 3.3 10 27 kg and velocity and anticlockwise directions.
200 ms1 will be The four quantum numbers address completely a particular
(a) 2 (b) 5 electron. No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of the
(c) 20 (d) 10 four quantum numbers, if three numbers have the same values for
the two electrons, the fourth (say s) will differ (Pauli's exclusion
principle).
PASSAGE-2
Orbitals are designated by specific values of n and l. Their energies
are determined by the value of n + l in multielectron atom, larger is
Erwin Schrodinger developed an atomic model which is based on the value of n + l, the greater is the energy of the orbital. For H-
the particle and wave nature of the electron. This model describes atom and like species (He+, Li2+ etc.), only the principal quantum
the electron as a three dimensional stationary wave in the number determines the energy of the orbital.
electronic field of positively charged nucleus. Schrodinger derived
Various orbitals are filled with electrons in the increasing order of
an equation which describes wave motion of an electron. The
their energy (Aufbau principle). Degenerate orbitals (orbitals of
equation, widely known as Schrodinger equation, is
equal energy) of a particular subshell, designated by particular
2 2 2
8 2
m set of n + l values, are filled singly first with parallel spins; pairing
(E V ) 0 of electrons (with opposite spins) starts when all the degenerate
2 2 2 2
x y z h
orbitals are singly occupied. (Hund's rule)

MARK YOUR
1. 2. 3. 4.
RESPONSE
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 33

5. Which of the following quantum numbers is not the direct (III) The magnetic quantum number (m) determines the
consequence of wave mechanical model of an atom? direction of rotation of the electron.
(a) Principal quantum number The mathematical functions for atomic orbitals may be
(b) Azimuthal quantum number written as a product of two factors.
(c) Magnetic quantum number (i) The radial wave function describes the behaviour of
an electron as a function of distance from the nucleus.
(d) Spin quantum number
(ii) The angular wave function shows how it varies with
6. Which of the following is independent of all the three
the direction in space. Angular wave functions do
quantum numbers n, l and m in a multielectron atom?
not depend on n and are features of s-, p-, d- .....
(a) Energy of electron orbitals.
(b) Orbital angular momentum Diagrammatic representations of angular functions for s-,
(c) Orientation of orbital p-, d- orbitals are shown in figure below
(d) Spin angular momentum
7. Which set of orbitals in Li2+ represents degeneracy?
(a) 2s, 3s, 4s (b) 2s, 3p, 3d
(c) 3s, 3p, 3d (d) None of these
8. The orbital diagram in which 'Aufbau' principle is violated,
is
2s 2p 2s 2p
(a) (b)

2s 2p 2s 2p
(c) (d)

9. Which of the following statements is correct for an electron

that has n = 4 and m = 2?
(a) The electron is in d-orbital
(b) The electron is in a p-orbital
(c) The electron is in fourth principal electronic shell
(d) The electron must have the spin quantum number to
1
be
2
Fig. Shapes of s and p orbitals
Mathematically, they are essentially Polar diagrams
PASSAGE-3
showing how the angular wave function depends on the
polar angles and . They can be regarded as boundry
The atomic orbitals of hydrogen are labelled by quantum numbers. surfaces enclosing the regions of space where the electron
Three integers are required for a complete specification. is most likely to be found. An s-orbital represented by a
(I) The principal quantum number (n) determines how far sphere, the probability is same in all directions in space.
from the nucleus the electron is most likely to be found. Each p-orbital has two lobes, with positive and negative
(II) The angular momentum (or azimuthal) quantum values of the wave function on either side of the nucleus,
number (l) determines the total angular momentum of the separated by a nodal plane where the wave function is
electron about the nucleus. zero. The five d-orbitals each have two nodal planes,
representing two positive and two negative regions of
h wave functions. The f-orbitals each have three nodal
mvr l (l 1). , where mvr = angular momentum.
2 planes.

MARK YOUR
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
RESPONSE
 34 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger
10. The incorrect statement amongst the following is
(a) Magnetic quantum numbers determine the
z-component of orbital angular momentum of the 3p
electron
3s
(b) Under the influence of applied magnetic field, the d-
orbitals can assume 5 different orientations 2p
(c) The wave function associated with half-filled or
1s
completely filled sub-shells is spherically symmetrical
(d) none of these 1s
11. The de Broglie's wave length ( ) of an electron accelerated
by an electric field of V volts is given by
0 500 1000 1500
9 radius (pm)
1.23 10 9 1.23 10
(a) m (b) m
m h

Radial distributions determine the energy of an electron in an

1.23 10 9 1.23 10 9 atom. The subsidiary maxima at smaller distances are not
(c) m (d) m
V E significant in hydrogen, but are useful in understanding the
12. In 5g-orbitals, we have energies in many electron atoms.

(a) angular nodes = 0, radial nodes = 0 The energies of atomic orbitals in hydrogen atom are given by the
(b) angular nodes = 2, radial nodes = 0 formula

(c) angular nodes = 4, radial nodes = 4

R
(d) angular nodes = 4, radial nodes = 0 En
n2

This shows that the energy depends only on the principal quantum
PASSAGE-4 number, n.
All orbitals with finite n represent bound electrons with lower
Radial wave function depends on n and l but not on m. Thus each energy. Energies of individual atoms or molecules are expressed
of the three p-orbitals have the same radial form. The wave in electron volts (eV) equal to about 1.602 1019 J.
functions may have positive or negative regions but their radial
probability distributions (figure below) show the following For many electron atoms
features. The orbital sizes and energies depend on the atomic number Z
Radial distributions may have several peaks, the number
being equal to (n 1). n2 a0
Average radius of an orbital
The outermost peak is by far the largest, showing where Z
the electron is most likely to be found. The distance of this
Where a0 = Bohrs radius (59 pm)
peak from the nucleus is a measure of the radius of the
orbital and is roughly proportional to n2 (although it slightly i.e., radius of 1s orbital of hydrogen atom
depends on l also)
Z 2R
Also En
n2

MARK YOUR
10. 11. 12.
RESPONSE
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 35

13. The total number of sub-shells in the principal shell of He+ (a) 4, 4 (b) 9, 1
hcR (c) 10, 1 (d) 10, 2
having energy equal to , is
4 15. The number of d-electrons in Fe2+ is not equal to that of
(R = Rydberg constant) (a) d-electrons in Iron
(a) 1 (b) 2 (b) p-electrons in Neon
(c) 3 (d) 4 (c) p-electrons in Chlorine
14. If the subsidiary quantum number of a sub-energy level is (d) s-electrons in Magnesium
4, the maximum and minimum values of the spin
multiplicities are given by

MARK YOUR
13. 14. 15.
RESPONSE

1. Statement-1 : The kinetic energy of Statement-2 : Matter waves are radiated into the
photoelectron ejected increases space.
with the frequency of incident light.
Statement-2 : Increase in intensity of incident 6. Statement-1 : The transition of electrons
light increases the photoelectric n3 n2 in H-atom will emit
current.
radiation of higher frequency than
2. Statement-1 : Threshold frequency is the
n4 n3.
maximum frequency required for the
ejection of electron from the metal
surface. Statement-2 : Principal shells n2 and n3 have
Statement-2 : Threshold frequency is lower energy than n4 .
characteristic to a metal.
3. Statement-1 : Spin quantum number can have two 7. Statement-1 : An orbital designated by n = 3,
1 1 l = 1 has double dumb-bell shape.
values, + and .
2 2
Statement-2 : It belongs to p-subshell.
Statement-2 : + and signs signify the positive
and negative wave functions.
8. Statement-1 : Electromagnetic radiation will be
45. Statement-1 : Electromagnetic waves consist of emitted for the transition
oscillating electric and magnetic
2 pz 2 px .
fields.

MARK YOUR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
RESPONSE 6. 7.
 36 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger
Statement-2 : No transition of electron takes
n.h
place between 2 pz and 2 px momentum , where n is the
2
orbitals. principal quantum number.
9. Statement-1 : When electron of He is raised Statement-2 : The principal quantum number, n,
can have any integral value.
from 1-s to infinity, He 2 is
13. Statement-1 : Sommerfield, in 1915, proposed that
formed. electrons revolve around the
Statement-2 : He 2 has still one electron. nucleus in elliptical path.
Statement-2 : Sommerfield extension is helpful in
10. Statement-1 : Potassium chloride imparts purple
explaining the different intensities
colour to the flame.
as well as the splitting of spectral
Statement-2 : Potassium has low ionization lines in the electric and magnetic
energy. fields.
11. Statement-1 : It is not possible to find an electron 14. Statement-1 : The presence of electrons in the
present in the nucleus. inner orbits reduces the attraction
Statement-2 : Velocity of electron-wave is less as between the nucleus and the outer
compared to velocity of light. electrons.
12. Statement-1 : Angular momentum of an electron Statement-2 : For any electrons, screening
in any orbit is given by angular constant, may be calculated by
Slaters rule.

MARK YOUR 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

RESPONSE 13. 14.

3. Which of the following statements is/are true about the

1. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers is/are quantum numbers n, l, m and s?
not allowed? (a) l gives an idea of the shape of the orbital
(a) n = 3, l = 2, m = 1 (b) n = 2, l = 3, m = 1 (b) m gives the information of the energy of electron in a
(c) n = 3, l = 0, m = 1 (d) n = 6, l = 2, m = 1 given orbital
2. dxy orbital has four lobes between x- and y-axes. The wave (c) n gives the idea of the size of the orbital
functions of two lobes are positive and those of other two (d) s gives the direction of spin of electron in an orbital
are negative. The positive wave function signifies that 4. The angular momentum of electron can have the value(s)
(a) both x and y are positive h h
(a) 0.5 (b)
(b) both x and y are negative
(c) either x or y is negative
h h
(d) none of these (c) 1.5 (d) 2
2

MARK YOUR
1. 2. 3. 4.
RESPONSE
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 37

5. The energy of an electron in the first Bohr orbit of H-atom 10. For which of the following species, the expression for
is 13.6 eV. Then, which of the following statement(s) is/ the energy of electron in nth orbit
are correct for He+?
13.6Z 2 1
(a) The energy of electron in second Bohr orbit is En eV atom has the validity?
13.6 eV n2

(b) The kinetic energy of electron in the first orbit is (a) He2+ (b) Li2+
54.46 eV (c) Deuterium (d) Tritium
(c) The kinetic energy of electron in the second orbit is 11. According to Bohrs atomic theory, which of the following
13.6 eV relations is/are correct?

(d) The speed of electron in the second orbit is

Z2
2.19 106 ms1 (a) Kinetic energy of electron
n2
6. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(b) The product of velocity of electron and the principal
(a) Fe3+ and Mn2+ have the same paramagnetic character quantum number Z2
(b) Cu2Cl2 and CuCl2 are coloured (c) Frequency of revolution of the electron in an orbit
(c) MnO4 has purple colour and hence has 3d unpaired
Z2
electrons
n3
(d) The magnetic moment of both Fe 2+ and Co3+ is 2 6
B.M. Z3
(d) Coulombic force of attraction on the electron
7. M+ ion is isoelectronic with argon and has Z + 1 neutrons n4
(Z = atomic number of M+). The mass number of the element 12. Ground state electronic configuration of P atom can be
M will therefore be represented as
(a) 38 (b) 39 3s 3p
(c) 40 (d) 37 (a) [Ne]
8. Which of the following ions is/are paramagnetic? 3s 3p
(a) Zn2+ (b) Cu+ (b) [Ne]

(c) He 2 (d) O 22 3s 3p
(c) [Ne]
9. For the radial probability distribution curves
3s 3p
(4 r 2 .Rn, l versus r graph ) , which of the following is/are
(d) [Ne]
correct?
13. If mp is the mass of proton, mn that of a neutron, M1 that of
(a) The number of maxima is n l
20 nucleus and M2 that of 20 Ca 40 nucleus, then
10 Ne
(b) The number of nodal points is n l 1
which of the following relations is/are not true?
(c) The radius of maximum charge density (rmax) increases
(a) M2 > 2M1 (b) M2 20(m p mn )
in the order; 3s < 3p < 3d
(d) The number of angular nodes is l (c) M2 2 M1 (d) M2 2 M1

MARK YOUR 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
RESPONSE 10. 11. 12. 13.
 38 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger
14. Which is correct in case of p-orbitals? 17. The possible path(s) of cathode rays that are ejecting from
(a) They are spherically symmetrical cathode surface can be shown as

(b) They have strong directional character

(a) (b)
(c) They are three fold degenerate
(d) Their charge density along x, y and z-axes are zero

1 1 1 (c) (d)
15. In the equation R , R is known as
22 n2
18. According to Bohrs theory
(a) ideal gas constant (b) Boltzman constant
(a) when a required amount of energy is supplied to an
(c) Rydberg constant (d) Balmer constant
electron in an atom it jumps from lower orbit to higher
16. Identify the elements of lowest atomic numbers which have orbit and remains there
the characteristics listed as below
(b) when a required amount of energy is supplied to an
A. Eleven p electrons electron in an atom it jumps from lower orbit to higher
B. one electron with ml = 2 orbit and remains there for very short interval of time
C. Two electrons with n = 3, l = 2 and returns back to lower orbit, radiating energy

(a) Cl, Ti, Sc (b) Cl, Sc, Ti (c) the angular momentum of an electron is proportional
to its quantum number, n
(c) Cl, V, Cr (d) Cl, Ti, V
(d) the angular momentum of an electron is independent
of its quantum number, n

MARK YOUR
14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
RESPONSE

1. According to Bohrs model of H-atom if Vn denotes the

(B) rn E nx , x = ? q. 2
potential energy of electron, Kn the kinetic energy, En
the total energy and rn the radius of nth orbit, then
1
match the following : (C) Z y, y ? r. 1
rn
Column 1 Column II
(D) Angular momentum s. 1
Vn in lowest orbital
(A) K ? p. 0
n

1.
MARK YOUR
RESPONSE
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 39

2. Electron of charge e (coulombs) and mass me(kg) is Column 1 Column II

accelerated by a potential of 50V. Match the following: (A) P.E. of electron in p. 54.4 eV atom1
Column 1 Column II ground state
(B) K.E of electron in q. 13.6 eV atom1
h ground state
(A) Velocity of p.
10 eme (C) Total energy of r. 108.8 eV atom1
electron in ground
electron (ms1)
state
(B) K.E. of electron (J) q. 10 eme (D) Ionization energy of s. 54.4 eV atom1
+
He in lowest excited
(C) Momentum of electron r. 50 e
state
(D) Wavelength of wave s. 10 e / me 5. If the shortest wavelength of spectral line of H-atom in
Lyman series is x, then match the following for Li2+
associated with e
Column I Column II
3. Match the electronic configurations listed in Column II
with the descriptions listed in Column I : 4x
(A) Shortest wavelength p.
Column 1 Column II 5
in Lyman series
(A) Violation of p.
4x
(B) Longest wavelength q.
Aufbaus rule 9
in Lyman series
(B) Violation of Paulis q.
x
exclusion principle (C) Shortest wavelength r.
9
(C) Violation of r. in Balmer series

Hunds rule 4x
(D) Longest wavelength s.
27
(D) Violation of both s. in Balmer series
Paulis and Hunds rules 6. Column - I Column - II
4. Match the following for singly ionized helium atom if (A) Lyman series p. n2 = 2
total energy of electron in first orbit in H-atom is (B) Balmer series q. n2 = 3
13.6 eV atom1 (C) Pfund series r. n2 = 5
(D) Bracket series s. n2 = 6

2. 3. 4.

MARK YOUR
RESPONSE 5. 6.
 40 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger

1. One mole of He+ ions are excited, spectral analysis negative potential of 300 V is required. If the photoelectric
showed that 50% ions are in 3rd level, 25% in second threshold of metal is 1500 , what is the frequency of
level and remaining in ground state. Ionization energy of the incident radiation (in terms of 1016 Hz)?
H-atom is 13.6 eV atom1. What is the total energy
4. Find the wavelength of first line of He + ion
released (in terms of 103 kJ) when all the excited ions
spectral series whose interval between extreme lines is
return to ground state ?
2.7451 104 cm1.
2. Calculate the ratio of wavelength of first line of Balmer
5. Ultraviolet light of wavelength 800 and 700 when
series of H-atom to the wavelength of first line of Lyman
allowed by fall on hydrogen atoms in their ground state
series of 10 times ionized sodium atom.
is found to eject electrons with kinetic energy 1.8 eV
3. To stop the flow of photoelectrons produced by and 4.0 eV respectively. Compute the value of Plancks
electromagnetic radiation incident on a certain metal, a constant (in terms of 1034 Js)?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

MARK
YOUR
RESPONSE
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 41

1. (b) 16. (c) 31. (b) 46. (b) 61. (b) 76. (c) 91 (a)
2. (c) 17. (a) 32. (c) 47. (c) 62. (d) 77. (b) 92 (d)
3. (c) 18. (d) 33. (a) 48. (c) 63. (d) 78. (d) 93 (b)
4. (c) 19. (c) 34. (d) 49. (b) 64. (c) 79. (c) 94 (d)
5. (a) 20. (d) 35. (a) 50. (c) 65. (c) 80. (c) 95 (a)
6. (a) 21. (b) 36. (d) 51. (b) 66. (a) 81. (a) 96 (c)
7. (d) 22. (c) 37. (b) 52. (d) 67. (d) 82. (c) 97 (a)
8. (c) 23. (c) 38. (d) 53. (b) 68. (c) 83. (a) 98 (b)
9. (a) 24. (d) 39. (d) 54. (a) 69. (b) 84. (d) 99 (d)
10. (b) 25. (b) 40. (c) 55. (c) 70. (d) 85. (d) 100 (d)
11. (b) 26. (d) 41. (d) 56. (c) 71. (d) 86. (c) 101 (a)
12. (d) 27. (d) 42. (c) 57. (d) 72. (c) 87. (b) 102 (c)
13. (b) 28. (b) 43. (c) 58. (b) 73. (c) 88. (d) 103 (b)
14. (d) 29. (b) 44. (c) 59. (d) 74. (c) 89. (c) 104 (a)
15. (d) 30. (a) 45. (c) 60. (d) 75. (d) 90. (b) 105 (b)

1 (d) 4 (d) 7 (c) 10 (d) 13 (d)

2 (b) 5 (d) 8 (b) 11 (c) 14 (d)
3 (c) 6 (d) 9 (c) 12 (d) 15 (c)

1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9 (c) 11 (b) 13 (b)

2 (d) 4 (d) 6 (b) 8 (d) 10 (a) 12 (b) 14 (b)

1. (b,c) 4. (a,c,d) 7. (b) 10. (b,c,d) 13. (a,c) 16. (b)

2. (a,b) 5. (a,b,c,d) 8. (c) 11. (a,c,d) 14. (b,c) 17 (a,b,c)
3. (a,c,d) 6. (a,d) 9. (a,b,d) 12. (a,d) 15. (c) 18 (b,c)

1. A - q; B - r; C - s; D - p 2. A - s; B - r; C - q; D - p
3. A - s; B - r; C - q; D - p 4. A - r; B - s; C - p; D - q
5. A - r; B - s; C - q; D - p 6. A - p, q, r, s; B - q, r, s; C - s; D - r, s

1 3.31 2 653 3 7.45 4 4689 5 6.57

 42 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger

3. (c) Photoelectric current is directly propotional to the 3

intensity of incident radiation having threshold Li
2eVm p 1
Hence,
frequency. p 2 3eV 9m p 3 3
4. (c) Work function = 4.0 eV = 4.0 1.6 1019 J
34
3
hc 6.63 10 3 108 15. (d) K .E . h( o) h ;
o
4
3.2 1016
6.63 10 34
3 108 o 8 1015 Hz
9 4 4
or 300 10 m
19
4.0 1.6 10
1 1
work function 16. (c) E 13.6 Z 2 eV atom 1
5. (a) Threshold frequency o n12 n22
h
3.3 1.6 10 19
J For the ionization of Li 2 ( Z 3) from first excited
14 1
= 8 10 s
34 state, n1 2 and n2 .
6.6 10 Js
h 1 1
6. (a) Angular momentum, mvr n Hence, IP E 13.6 32
2
= 30.6 eV 2
2 2
(n = 2 for first excited state) 17. (a) Be3+ is hydrogenic ion, i.e. consists of one extra-
8. (c) In the ground state electronic transition will occur nuclear electron.
only when an electron from K-shell i.e., first shell is 18. (d) The component values of orbital angular momentum
captured by the nucleus (K-electron capture).
h
Electron so captured converts proton into neutron in z-direction = m
resulting in the decrease of atomic number. 2
9. (a) There is only one type of transition from n = 2 to n = Z
1 and hence emitted radiation will constitute only one 19. (c) Velocity of electron, vn 2.19 106 ms 1
(Z = 1
n
frequency.
for H)
10. (b) K.E. of an electron in a Bohr orbit is equal to the The distance travelled by the electron in second
magnitude of the total energy but of opposite sign.
Bohrs orbit in 10 8
So it varies inversly to the square of principal quantum s
number.
2.19 106 1.0 10 8 2
Z m 1.095 10 m
11. (b) Speed of electron in nth orbit, v 2.19 106 ms 1
. 2
n The circumference of second orbit
10
vH ZH n
He 1 4 = 2 r2 2 (0.529 10 22 )
Hence, 2
v Z nH 2 1
He He 13.30 10 10 m
2
h h h 1.095 10
13. (b) [m p 1840 me ] Number of revolutions = 8.23 10 6
me x m pv 1840mev 10
13.3 10
x 1 1 1
Hence, v 20. (d) RH Z 2 ;
1840 n12 n22
h h
14. (d) ; 1 1 1
p
2eVm p
Li
2 3eVmLi RH 22 2
He
He 2 42
h
1 1 1
2 3eV 9m p RH 2 2
for n2 2 to n1 1
1 2 H
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 43

30. (a) For the transition n = 1 to n = 2 the energy change,

hcNA
21. (b) Energy of 1 mol of quanta = hvNA E , is positive, i.e., energy is absorbed.
For the transition n = 10 to n = 1, E is larger but of
6.63 10 34 3 108 6.023 1023 negative sign, i.e. energy is released.
472.2 kJ
253.7 10 9 h h
31. (b) Angular momentum m r n (For first
Energy converted into kinetic energy 2 2
= 472.2 430.53 kJ orbit)
% of radiant energy converted into kinetic energy
h h h h
( 472.2 430.53) 100 or, m
= 8.82% 2 r circumference m
472.2 Hence, = circumference
h h h 1.23
22. (c) p ; 32. (c) nm
2eVm p He 2 2 2eVm
He 2 2evm v
33. (a) For g-subshell, l 4 . Hence, n = 5 (minimum)
h
Number of orbitals in 5th shell = n2 = 52 = 25
2 2eV 4m p
35. (a) Use (n + l) rule.
39. (d) (a) [Ar] 3d3 4s2
p
Hence 2 2 (b) [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3
He 2 (c) [Ne] 3s23p3
6 2
h 2 h 3d 4s
23. (c) x p p (d) [Ar] 3d6 4s2 or [Ar]
4
(a), (b), (c) - 3 unpaired electrons (d) - 4 unpaired
h 1 h electrons
or (md )2 d
4 m 40. (c) 7s orbital, (n + l) is minimum with n minimum.
41. (d) rn a0 n2 , r4 a0 42 16a0
h
24. (d) Orbital angular momentum = l (l 1) ;l 1 for
2 h 4h h
m 4.
p-orbital. 2 r4 2 16a0 8 a0
28. (b) Number of angular nodes l = 2 (l = 2 for d-orbital)
Orbital angular momentum h
8 a0
m
h h
l (l 1) 2(2 1) 46. (b) Number of radial nodes = n l 1
2 2
(KE)1 h( 1 0)
1 Z2 47. (c) 3
29. (b) RH (n2 ) (KE) 2 h( 2 0)
max
min n12
v1 4.0 1015 Hz; 2 2.0 1015 Hz
For H-atom, Z = 1; For Lyman series, n1 = 1
1 1 1
Hence, x RH 48. (c) RZ 2
n12 n22
For largest wavelength in the Balmer series of For the last line of Lyman series of H-spectrum, Z = 1,
2 n1 = 1 and n2 =
Li ,Z 3, n1 2; n2 3
For H line in Balmer series of He+, Z = 2, n1 = 2 and
1 1 1 n2 = 3
Hence, RH Z 2 49. (b) Z for He+ = 2, first excited state for He+, n = 2.
max n12 n22 Z for Li2+ = 3; Second excited state, n = 3
En = 13.6 Z2/n2
1 2 1 1 9 5 5
3
x 22 32 x 36 4x 50. (c) Cr 3 [Ar]3d 3 , U.P. 3; Fe 2 [ Ar ]3d 6 ,
Unpaired electrons = 4; Ni2+ [Ar]3d 8,
4x Unpaired electrons = 2
or max
5 Cu2+ [Ar] 3d 9, Unpaired electrons = 1
 44 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger

51. (b) n(n 2) 15, n 3 (n = number of unpaired 10 h h

69. (b) = 1 = 10 m=
electrons) mv 2meV
Therefore, x = 4 4 3
M [Ar]3d 34
6.63 10
2 6 ; number of d-electrons = 6 = V = 150 volt
52. (d) Fe [Ar]3d 31 19
2 9.1 10 V 1.6 10
Mg(12) 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s 2 ; number of s-electrons = 6 70. (d) For g subshell, l = 4. The minimum value of principal
quantum number n = 5. No. of orbitals in 5th shell
Ne(10) 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 ; p-electrons = 6 2
5 2 25 , No. of electrons 2 n 2 25 50
2 2 6 2 5 ; p-electrons = 11
Cl(17) 1s 2 s 2 p 3s 3 p 71. (d) Number of spherical or radial nodes = n l 1
=541=0
53. (b) Fe(III) [Ar]3d 5 ; unpaired electron = 5; magnetic Number of non-spherical or angular nodes = l = 4
moment = 5(5 2) B.M. 72. (c) For 3p-orbital, n = 3, l = 1
No. of spherical nodes = n l 1 = 3 1 1 = 1
CO(II) [Ar]3d 7 ; unpaired electrons = 3; magnetic No. of non-spherical nodes = l = 1

moment = 3 (3 2) B.M. Z2
74. (c) Energy of electron = 13.6 2
; Z for Li 2 = 3
n
Z
55. (c) v 2.19 106
ms 1 or vn 2.19 106 Z ms 1 n for the excited states = 2, 3, 4 etc.
n
56. (c) Two electrons in the same orbital can not have the 32
same spins. En(2) 13.6 30.6 eV
57. (d) Electrons in degenerate orbitals can not pair up until 22
they are singly occupied.
32
2 En(3) 13.6 13.6eV
58. (b) En
hcRZhcR
( Z 2) 32
2 4
n
1
n = 4, number of orbitals in 4th shell = 4 2 = 16 75. (d) K.E. of electron = Potential energy
2
59. (d) ml l is not permissible.
60. (d) l 4 ; number of degenerate orbitals = 2l 1 9 ; 1 Ze 2 1 3e 2
=
2 r 2 r
1
maximum total spins = 9
2 77. (b) Electron in lower energy state move faster. Hence,
K.E. increases during transition from higher to lower
1
Minimum total spin = state.
2 78. (d) Energy required for the removal of second electron
9
Maximum multiplicity = 2S + 1 = 2 1 10 ; Z2 22
2 from He-atom = 13.6 = 13.6
= 54.4 eV
n2 12
1
minimum multiplicity = 2 1 2 Hence, the total energy required for the removal of
2
both the electrons = 24.6 + 54.4 = 79.0 eV
63. (d) Magnetic moment
79. (c) Total energy of electron in the ground state (n = 1) for
=2 6 24 B.M. n(n 2) B.M.
Z2 32
Hence, n = 4 (unpaired electrons) Li 2 13.6 13.6 122.4eV
Co3+ [Ar] 3d6, 4 unpaired electrons. n2 12
65. (c) Number of nodal surfaces = n l 1 3 0 1 2 P.E.
68. (c) n1 n2 = 4 ............. (i) n2 n1 = 2 ........... (ii) Total energy = 122.4 eV = P.E. + K.E. = P.E.
2
n1 = 1, n2 = 3 P. E. = 244.8 eV

1 1 1 1
= RH Z 2 82. (c) E 13.6 Z 2 eV
n12 n22 n12 n22

1 1 1 1
= RH 32 1 2
8 RH 13.6 3 2 = 30.6 eV
2 2
1 3 2
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 45

For the largest wave length in Balmer series of Li2+

1 1 1 the transition occurs from n2 = 3 to n2 = 2 and in such
83. (a) = = RH
n12 n22 a case we have

1 1 1 1 1
= 1.097 10 7 RH .Z 2
1 2 2
max n12 n22

91.1 10 9 m
1 1 1
or RH .(3) 2
hc (2) 2
(3)2
85. (d) Energy for photon E h max

34 1 1 1 1 1
6.63 10 3 108 19 or 9 RH
J 66.3 10 J max 4x 4 9 4x
300 10 10
K.E. acquired by the electron 1 9 9 4
19 19 19
or
= 66.3 10 1 1.6 10 = 64.7 10 J max 4 x 36

1 2 1 31 1 9 5
mv = 9.1 10 v2
2 2 or 4 x 36
max
v 3.8 106 ms 1
1 5
hc or 16 x
86. (c) Energy of photon, E = h = max

34 16 x
6.63 10 3 108 19 or max
= 4 1.6 10 5
93. (b) In the Balmer series of hydrogen atom the highest
9 wave-length is that of first line and the least wave
310 10 m 310nm
length is that of limiting line, thus
87. (b) 2 2 4 Energy change
1H 1H 2 He
1 1 1
= 2 1.1 2 1.1 4 7 = 23.6 MeV 2 0
(2) ( )2 4 1 36 9
90. (b) A Positron has characteristics the same as an electron
except for the sign of its charge. 1 1 1 9 4 4 5 5
(2) 2 (3)2 36
Z2 12
Hence, En 13.6 = 13.6 2 = 3.4 eV or 9:5
n2 2
(for 1st excited state, n = 2) 1
94. (d) Using the relation, , we get
91. (a) We know that number of spectral lines in the emission K.E.
spectrum of hydrogen atom, in which the electron
jumps from nth energy level to ground state (n = 1) is l = and K.E.1 = E (initial)

given by the relation 2 = 0.9

n(n 1) 10
N [10% decrease from 1, 2=
2 100
92. (d) For the shortest wave length of spectral line in He+ = (1 0.1) = 0.9 ]
the transition should be from n n1 We are required to find K.E.2 = ?
2 2
1 Z2 K.E.2 1
K.E.1 K.E.1
Thus RH . 2
min n12 2 (.9 )2

1 4 2
RH . 100
or [For He+; Z = 2, min = x] E [K.E1 = E]
x 1 81 2

1 100
or RH ....... (i) E [more than K.E.1 i.e., increase]
4x 81
 46 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger

100 4E
Now increase in K.E. = K.E.2 K.E.1 E E When the system moves from level to E level,
81 3
we have
100
E E 4 hc
or % increase of K.E. 81 100 E E [ is the wave length of
E 3 1
1

photon emitted]
19
100 23.4% E hc
81 or 3 1
1.23 10 9 hc hc
95. (a) Using the relation, m, we get hc
V or E
.3 1
9 1 1
1.23 10 1.23 9
m 10 or
100 10 3 1

or 1.23 1010 m or 123 1012 m = 123 pm 1

or 3
h
[
2meV or 1 3
100. (d) In a hydrogen like atom, the difference in energy
6.63 10 34 between successive levels decreases with increasing
(E = eV)
2 9.1 10 31 1.6 10 19 100 values of n. Since the transition from n = 4 to n = 3
results in ultraviolet radiations, the infra-red radiations
( V = 100) (which involve smaller amounts of energy as
34 9 compared to ultraviolet rays) will be obtained in a
6.63 10 1.23 10 transition that involves initial values of n greater than
25
m]
15.4 10 100 100 4. The only such option is transition form n = 5 to
96. (c) Using the relation, time period (t) n3, we get n = 4.
101. (a) It depends upon quantum numbers n, s.
t1 n13 (2) 3
8 1 2
102. (c) We know K.E. mv
t2 n23 (3) 3 27 or 8 : 27 2

97. (a) In case of a 5d orbital, we have, n = 5, l = 2 1 2 2E

Thus E mv or v
Thus, number of nodal planes = l = 2 2 m
number of nodes = n l 1 = 5 2 1 = 2
h h h
number of peaks = n l = 5 2 = 3 Also
mv 2E 2mE
98. (b) From the given data, we have m
m
(EC EB) + (EB EA) = (EC EA)
103. (b) It depends upon quantum numbers l, m.
hc hc hc 1 1 1
or or h 1 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 104. (a) We know and K.E. mv
mv 2

1 From the above relation, we get

1 2 1 2
or 3
hv
1 2 1. 2 3 K.E.
2
99. (d) From the given data, when the system moves from 2E
level to E level, we have 1 2
K.E. mv
hc 2
2EE 2K.E. hv hv
mv ; or K.E.
v 2K.E. 2
hc
or E Since K.E. for two particles is same, so v
i.e., option (a)
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 47

105. (b) The energy associated with radiation of wave length

975 is given by 1
or 12.72 13.6 1 [ E = 12.72 eV]
12400 n22
E eV 12.72 eV
975
1 12.72
or 1
12400
[For a radiation of wavelength x , we know E eV] n22 13.6
x
1 13.6 12.72 0.88 1
1 1 or
E 13.6 eV n22 13.6 13.6 16
n12 n22
or n22 16
1 1
or E 13.6 eV [ n1 = 1] or n2 4
1 n22
The transition n4 n3 will give the longest wave
length.

1. (d) Momentum can not be calculated as the velocity of

hydrogen atom is not given. hcR.Z 2
13. (d) We know, En
2. (b) Wavelength of electron accelerated by potential of V n2
For He+, Z = 2
h h h
volt = m hcR.4
2meV 2me 5000 100 me En
n2
3. (c) The angular momentum of electron in second orbit is
or hcR.4 hc.R
h 2h h n 2 4
given by mvr n . Hence r
2 2 mv 4 1
4. (d) de Broglie wavelength or 2
n 4
34 or n2 = 16 or n = 4 = Number of sub-shells.
h 6.6 10 9
10 m 10 14. (d) Given : subsidiary quantum number (l) = 4
mv 27
3.3 10 200 number of degenerate orbitals = 2l + 1 = 2 4 + 1
5. (d) Spin quantum number(s) had to be introduced to =8+1=9
account for the splitting of spectral lines under the 1
electric field (Stark effect). For this maximum total spins (s) 9
2
h 1
6. (d) Spin angular momentum = s(s 1) is determined For this minimum total spins (s) 1
2 2
by the value of spin quantum number. 9
7. (c) In one electron species, the energy of an orbital Maximum total multiplicity = 2s + 1 = 2 + 1 = 10
2
depends only on the value of n. Hence, 3s, 3p, and 3d
orbitals are of equal energy (degenerate orbitals). 1
Minimum total multiplicity = 2 +1=2
8. (b) In (b), 2s orbital of lower energy is not completely 2
filled before the filling of 2p-orbital of higher energy. 15. (c) Fe(Z = 26), Fe2+; 3d6, number of d-electrons in
Fe2+ = 6
11. (c) h 1.23 10 9 In Fe, 3d64s2, so number of d-electron = 6
m In Ne(Z = 10); 1s2 2s2 2p6; number of p-electrons = 6
2 eVm V
In Cl (Z = 17); 1s22s2p63s2p5, so number of p-electrons
12. (d) Number of angular nodes = l = 6 + 5 = 11
(or non spherical nodes) = 4 [For 5g orbitals l = 4] In Mg(Z = 12), 1s22s22p63s2, so number of s-electrons
Number of radial nodes = (n l 1) =2+2+2=6
(or spherical nodes) = 5 4 1 = 0 [For 5g, n = 5] Thus number of p-electrons in Cl is not equal to
number of d-electrons in Fe2+.
 48 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger

1. (b) K.E. = h ( 0 ) ; K.E. increases linearly with , the E2 E1 E3 E 2 E4 E 3 .....................

frequency. The rate of emission of photoelectrons 7. (d) The orbital has dumb-bell shape and belongs to p-
i.e., the photoelectric current is proportional to the subshell.
rate of impinging photons i.e. the intensity of light.
8. (d) 2 px and 2 pz orbitals are degenerate i.e., they are of
2. (d) The threshold frequency is the minimum frequency
required for the ejection of electron from the metal equal energies and hence no transition of electron
surface. between them is possible.
3. (c) Plus and minus signs of spin quantum numbers imply 9. (c) Raising the electron to infinity implies its removal
that spin angular momentum of the electron, a vector from the atom. He2+ has no extranuclear electron.
quantity, acts in the same or opposite directions of 10. (a) Except Li, elements of first group have low ionization
orbital angular momentum. energy. At the temperature of the flame, when the
4. (d) In hydrogen and hydrogen like species (one electron excited electrons return to the ground state, energy
species), energy of electron is determined only by in the visible region is emitted.
principal quantum number, not by n and l. Hence, 3s 11. (b) Both assertion and reason are correct. Reason is not
and 3p are degenerate orbitals i.e., have equal energies. the correct explanation of assertion.
5. (c) Electromagnetic waves consist of oscillating electric 12. (b) Both assertion and reason are correct. Reason is not
and magnetic fields and radiate into the space. de the correct explanation of assertion.
Broglie or matter waves are always associated with 13. (b) Both assertion and reason are correct. Reason is not
the matter particles (electrons) and do not radiate in the correct explanation of assertion.
space. 14. (b) Both assertion and reason are correct. Reason is not
6. (b) The difference between the energies of adjacent the correct explanation of assertion.
energy levels decreases as n value increases. Thus,
for H-atom

1. (b,c) (b) l n is not permissible; (c) m l is not 8. (c) Zn2+ and Cu+ have no unpaired electrons and
permissible. hence diamagnetic. O 22 has also no unpaired
h electron (follow M.O. theory) and hence
4. (a,c,d) Angular momentum, m r n. , n is an integer..
2
diamagnetic. He 2 has one unpaired electron
2
Z (paramagnetic).
5. (a,b,c,d) En 13.6 2 ; for He , Z 2
n 10. (b,c,d) Li2+, D and T are one electron species. He2+ has
no electron.
z2
K.E. En 13.6 ; 13. (a,c) There is some mass defect due to binding energy.
n2 Hence (c)

2.19 106 Z / n ms 1 16. (b) A 1s2 2s22p 63s23p5 Cl (17), 11 p electrons

n
B 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1, (Sc - 21), l = 2 and
6. (a,d) (a) Both Fe3+ and Mn2+ have same number (5) ml = 2 for 3d-electron.
unpaired electrons.
C 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 (Ti - 22), n = 3 and l = 2
(b) Cu2Cl2 : Cu (I) has no unpaired d-electron, for 3d 2 electrons.
hence colourless.
CuCl2 : Cu(II) has one unpaired d-electron, 18. (b, c) Statements (a) and (d) are incorrect.
hence coloured. (a) The excited electron has a tendency to return
7. (b) Atomic number z of M = 18 (atomic number of Ar) back to lower energy state.
+ 1 = 19
Number of neutrons = 19 + 1 = 20 ; mass number nh
(d) Angular momentum
=p+n 2
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM 49

1. A-q, B-r, C-s, D-p

P.E. P.E.
2
But E1 P.E. K.E. = P.E. 54.4
kZe2 kZe 2
kZe 2 2
Vn , Kn , En Vn Kn ,
rn 2rn 2rn P.E. = -108.8 eV
P.E. ( 108.8)
(B) K.E. 54.4 eV atom1
kn 2 2 2
rn
Z (C) E1 Etotal 54.4 eV atom1

kZe2 (D) For ionization of 1st excited state of H e n1 2,

Vn rn n2
(A) 2
Kn kZe2
1 1
2rn Hence, I.E. = E 13.6 Z 2
n12 n2 2
kZe2 kZe2 1 1 1
(B) En , rn En 2
2rn 2 = 13.6 2 2 2 = 13.6 eV atom1
2
5. A-r, B-s, C-q, D-p
rn En 1 , Hence x 1
1 1 1
kn 2 1 Z 1 Wave number v kZ 2
(C) rn , 2
, Z Hence, y = 1 n12 n22
Z rn kn rn
(D) 1s is the lowest orbital, for which l 0 For shortest wavelength ( max ) in Lyman series
Angular momentum of electron in lowest orbital n1 1 , n2 and Z = 1 (for H-atom)
h h
= l (l 1) = 0(0 1) =0 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 Hence, kZ 2 2 2 k
x 1 x
2. A-s; B-r; C-q; D-p
1 (A) For shortest wavelength in Lyman series of Li 2
2
K.E. of electron = me v = P.E. of electron = eV n 1, n ,Z=3
2
1 1 2 1 1 9 x
2eV 2 50 e Hence 3 2 2
=
(A) Velocity of electron = = x 1 x 9
me me
(B) For longest wavelength in Lyman series, n1 1,
e 1 n2 2
= 10 ms
me
1 1 2 1 1 27 4x
(B) K.E. = eV =50e J 3 2 2
x 1 2 4 x 27
(C) me2v 2 2evme (C) For shortest wavelength in Balmer series,
2eVme n1 2, n2
Momentum mev =

= 2e 50 M e 10 eme Hence, 1 1 1 1
3
2 4x
2x 2 9
2
h h (D) For longest wavelength in Balmer series,
(D) Wavelength ;
me v 10 eme n1 = 2, n2 = 3
4. A-r; B-s; C-p; D-q 11 2 1 1 4x
Hence, 3
x 2 2
2 3 5
13.6Z 2 1
En 2
eV atom 6. A-p, q, r, s; B-q, r, s; C-s; D-r, s
n For Lyman series, n1 = 1 so n2 = 2, 3, 5, 6
For Balmer series, n1 = 2 so n2 = 3, 5, 6
(A) For He , Z = 2; for ground state of He , n = 1
For Pfund series, n1 = 5 so n2 = 6
Hence, E1 13.6 22 = 54.4 eV For Bracket series, n1 = 4 so n2 = 5, 6
 50 IIT-JEE CHEMISTRY Challenger

1. Ans : 3.31 3. Ans : 7.45

Energy required to excite an electron from n1 energy level K.E. of photoelectron = e stopping potential
to n2 energy level in H-atom like species is given by = 1.602 1019 300
= 4.806 1017 J
1 1
E = KZ 2 K.E. of photoelectron c
n12 n22 h( 0) =h
0
For ionization of H-atom, n1 = 1 and n2 =
( 0 = Threshold frequency)
1 1
Hence E = 13.6 eV = K 12 2 = K (Z = 1)
12 3 108
4.806 1017 = 6.626 1034
In case of He+, Z=2 1500 10 10
1 1 = 6.626 1034 ( 2 1015)
( E )3 1 = KZ 2
n12 n22 4.806 10 17
2 1015 = 34
= 72.53 1015
6.626 10
1 1
= 13.6 2 2 2
2
eV atom1 = 7.45 1016 Hz
1 3 4. Ans : 4689
8 Extreme lines mean first and the last (convergence limit).
54.4 eVatom1
9 Let n1 be the energy level of He+ ion.

( E )3 for half mole of He+ 1 1 1 1

1 1 2 = RZ 2 RZ 2
23
n12 2
n12 ( n1 + 1)2
8 6.02 10
54.4 eV
9 2 RZ 2
=
54.4
4
6.02 1023 eV ( n1 + 1)2
9
109677.7 22
( E )2 for 25% of He+ ions 2.7451 104 = n1 = 3
( n1 + 1)2
1

1 1 6.02 10 23 Wavelength of first line in the spectral series

2
54.4 2
eV
1 2 4 1 1 1
= = 109677.7 2 2 2
= 4689 10 8 cm
3 3 42
54.4 6.02 1023 eV
16 = 4689
5. Ans : 6.57
4 3
Total energy change = 54.4 + 6.02 10 23 eV hc
9 16 (K.E.)1 = 1.8 eV = h 1 + IE = + IE ......(i)
1
91
= 54.4 6.02 10 23 1.6 10 19 J hc
144 (K.E.)2 = 4.0 eV = h 2 + IE = + IE ......(ii)
= 3.31 103 kJ 2
2. Ans : 653
1 1
From (i) and (ii), (K.E.)2 (K.E.)1 = hc
1 1 1
v= = RZ 2

2 1
n12 n22

(4 1.8) eV = h 3.0 108 1 2
1 1 5 1
R 1 2
2
2= R 1 2
2 3 36
3.0 108 (800 700 ) 10 10
H

1 1 1
363 h
R 112 2
= 4 R
2
700 10 10 800 10 10
Na + 1 2
(2.2 1.6 10 19 J) 700 10 10 800 10 10 m 2
363R h=
3.0 108 (ms 1 ) 100 10 10 (m)
Hence H
= 4 = 653.4 = 6.57 1034 Js
5R
Na +
36