Database Lab 9

Stored procedures
A stored procedure is a segment of declarative SQL statements stored inside the database
catalog. A stored procedure can be invoked by triggers, other stored procedures, and
applications such as Java, Python, PHP, etc.
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Create Simple Stored Procedure

(Command line):

Example: The GetAllProducts() stored procedure selects all products from the products table.

Stored procedure explained in detail:

The first command is DELIMITER // , which is not related to the stored procedure syntax.
The DELIMITER statement changes the standard delimiter which is semicolon ( ; ) to
another. In this case, the delimiter is changed from the semicolon( ; ) to double-
slashes // Why do we have to change the delimiter? Because we want to pass the stored
procedure to the server as a whole rather than letting mysql tool interpret each
statement at a time. Following the END keyword, we use the delimiter // to indicate the
end of the stored procedure. The last command ( DELIMITER; ) changes the delimiter
back to the semicolon (;).
We use the CREATE PROCEDURE statement to create a new stored procedure. We
specify the name of stored procedure after the CREATE PROCEDURE statement. In this
case, the name of the stored procedure is GetAllProducts . We put the parentheses after
the name of the stored procedure.
The section between BEGIN and END is called the body of the stored procedure. You put
the declarative SQL statements in the body to handle business logic. In this stored
procedure, we use a simple SELECT statement to query data from the products table.
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(Workbench - GUI):

Calling stored procedures

Syntax: CALL STORED_PROCEDURE_NAME();

Example: CALL GetAllProducts();

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Stored Procedure Variables

A variable is a named data object whose value can change during the stored procedure execution. We
typically use the variables in stored procedures to hold the immediate results. These variables are local
to the stored procedure.

You must declare a variable before you can use it.

Declaring variables

To declare a variable inside a stored procedure, you use the DECLARE statement as follows:
DECLARE variable_name datatype(size) DEFAULT default_value;

First, you specify the variable name after the DECLARE keyword. The variable name must follow
the naming rules of MySQL table column names.
Second, you specify the data type of the variable and its size. A variable can have any MySQL data
types such as INT , VARCHAR , DATETIME , etc.
Third, when you declare a variable, its initial value is NULL. You can assign the variable a default
value using the DEFAULT keyword.

Example: DECLARE total_sale INT DEFAULT 0;

MySQL allows you to declare two or more variables that share the same data type using a single Declare
statement as following:

Example: DECLARE x, y INT DEFAULT 0;

Assigning variables

Once you declared a variable, you can start using it. To assign a variable another value, you use
the SET statement, for example:

DECLARE total_count INT DEFAULT 0;

SET total_count = 10;

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Besides the SET statement, you can use the SELECT INTO statement to assign the result of a query,
which returns a scalar value, to a variable. See the following example:

DECLARE total_products INT DEFAULT 0

SELECT COUNT(*) INTO total_products

FROM products

A variable has its own scope that defines its lifetime. If you declare a variable inside a stored
procedure, it will be out of scope when the END statement of stored procedure reached.

If you declare a variable inside BEGIN END block, it will be out of scope if the END is reached.
You can declare two or more variables with the same name in different scopes because a
variable is only effective in its own scope. However, declaring variables with the same name in
different scopes is not good programming practice.

A variable that begins with the @ sign is session variable. It is available and accessible until the
session ends.
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Stored procedure parameters

CASE 1: A Stored Procedure that Accept No Parameters
CASE 2: A Stored Procedure that Accept Parameters (IN, OUT, INOUT)
CASE 3: A Stored Procedure that Accept Parameters, Return ResultSet
CASE 4: A Stored Function that Accept No Parameters
CASE 5: A Stored Function that Accept Parameters

Prerequisites
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS emp;

CREATE TABLE emp(`first name` VARCHAR(20), id INT PRIMARY KEY);

insert into emp values('HJK', 1);

insert into emp values('ABC', 2);

insert into emp values('DEF', 3);

Verify Using:
select * from emp;

CASE 1: A Stored Procedure that Accept No Parameters

DELIMITER |

CREATE PROCEDURE sample_sp_no_param ()

BEGIN

UPDATE emp SET `first name`= 'ChangedHJK' where id = 1;

END

DELIMITER ;

Execute and Verify Commands

CALL sample_sp_no_param;

select * from emp;

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CASE 2: A Stored Procedure that Accept Parameters (IN, OUT, INOUT)

DELIMITER |

CREATE PROCEDURE sample_sp_with_params (IN empId INT UNSIGNED, OUT oldName

VARCHAR(20), INOUT newName VARCHAR(20))

BEGIN

SELECT `first name` into oldName FROM emp where id = empId;

UPDATE emp SET `first name`= newName where id = empId;

END

DELIMITER ;

Execute and Verify Commands

set @inout='updatedHJK';

CALL sample_sp_with_params(1,@out,@inout);

select @out,@inout;

select * from emp;

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CASE 3: A Stored Procedure that Accept Parameters, Return ResultSet

DELIMITER |

CREATE PROCEDURE sample_sp_with_params_resultset (IN empId INT UNSIGNED, OUT

oldName VARCHAR(20), INOUT newName VARCHAR(20))

BEGIN

SELECT `first name` into oldName FROM emp where id = empId;

UPDATE emp SET `first name`= newName where id = empId;

select * from emp;

END

DELIMITER ;

Execute and Verify Commands

set @inout='updatedHJKS';

CALL sample_sp_with_params_resultset (1,@out,@inout);

You can verify the values of OUT and INOUT parameters as:
select @out,@inout;
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CASE 4: A Stored Function that Accept No Parameters

DELIMITER |

CREATE FUNCTION sample_fn_no_param ()

RETURNS INT

BEGIN

DECLARE count INT;

SELECT COUNT(*) INTO count FROM emp;

RETURN count;

END

DELIMITER ;

Execute and Verify Commands

select sample_fn_no_param ();
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CASE 5: A Stored Function that Accept Parameters

DELIMITER |

CREATE FUNCTION sample_fn_with_params (empId INT UNSIGNED, newName

VARCHAR(20))

RETURNS VARCHAR(20)

BEGIN

DECLARE oldName VARCHAR(20);

SELECT `first name` into oldName FROM emp where id = empId;

UPDATE emp SET `first name`= newName where id = empId;

RETURN oldName;

END

DELIMITER ;

Execute and Verify Commands

select sample_fn_with_params(2,'UpdatedABC');

Drop Commands

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sample_sp_no_param;

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sample_sp_with_params;

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sample_sp_with_params_resultset;

DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS sample_fn_no_param;

DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS sample_fn_with_params;

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