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Substructure

The document summarizes the substructure elements of a building project, including timber piles. It describes the size, installation procedure, and design considerations for 300 timber piles that are 12,000mm long and 100mm wide, spaced 400mm apart. Lean concrete with a thickness of 50mm is also used, laid by backhoe around retaining wall areas to provide a flat base and prevent the ground beam from touching the soil. A backhoe is the primary machinery used for tasks like pressing timber piles into place and laying the lean concrete.

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jiwa remaja
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45 views

Substructure

The document summarizes the substructure elements of a building project, including timber piles. It describes the size, installation procedure, and design considerations for 300 timber piles that are 12,000mm long and 100mm wide, spaced 400mm apart. Lean concrete with a thickness of 50mm is also used, laid by backhoe around retaining wall areas to provide a flat base and prevent the ground beam from touching the soil. A backhoe is the primary machinery used for tasks like pressing timber piles into place and laying the lean concrete.

Uploaded by

jiwa remaja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

1 Substructure
Substructure is the lower portion of the building which transmits the dead load, live loads and
other loads to the underneath sub soil. In buildings, the portion of the structure that is above
ground level that receives the live load is referred to as superstructure. Such as the substructure
is start from ground beam, column stump, pad footing and also foundation ( Bakau pile ). In
this project will show the elements of substructure.

Figure 3.1 Timber pile

3.1.1 Stage of work progress for building.

Deep Foundations
Deep foundations are those founding too deeply below the finished ground surface for their
base bearing capacity to be affected by surface conditions, this is usually at depths of 3 meter
below finished ground level. Deep foundations can be used to transfer the load to a deeper,
more competent at depth if unsuitable soils are present near the surface.
a) End bearing pile.

b) Friction pile.

c) End bearings and friction pile.

1) Timber Pile

In this project the type of foundation is deep foundation and it used the Timber pile. Follow the
specification on the bill of quantity and structural drawing the timber pile used based on the
conditions of soil. The timber pile will absorb the load from foundation and also from the live
load as a motorcycle and vehicle.

Figure 3.1.1 timber pile


Size of Timber pile

Length of the timber pile is 12000mm x 100mm

On this project it used around 300 unit of Timber. The center to center (cc) of timber is 400mm
between each others. This size was produce by structure engineer as RAF consultant.

Procedure of installation timber pile.

setting out the work areas before start the installation.


Excavate the marking area of the pile use the backhoe.
After excavation work done, levelling process were followed for take the same level of
foundation.
Marking areas of the center of timber were followed. Mark the center of timber is very
important for the quality of pile and to calculate the timber before order.
By using the backhoe to press the timber until it immersed.

Design consideration

Height of water table.


Nature and type of soil
Subsoil water movements
The effect of two forms of earth pressure need to be considered during the process of
designing the retaining wall.
3.1.2 Lean concrete

Lean concrete is a mix where the amount of cement is lower than the amount of liquid present
in the strata. This makes it ideal as a base layer where other kinds of concrete are placed on top.
It is good for providing a flat bottom in uneven or dirt terrain(M10). The lean concrete thickness
is 50mm laid around the retaining wall areas.

Function of lean concrete is to provide layer or to avoid the bottom layer of ground beam to
touch a soil.

Machinery used for construction progress


I. Backhoe

This machine is used because it suitable for this work of installation timber. In this work
process used the backhoe for press the timber till immersed. Backhoe also are familiar used
at site because it friendly used to many types of work progress especially in install the
timber pile.
Backhoe also used for laying the lean concrete before the beam or footing started in
progress.
appendix

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