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Department of Computer Science and Engineering - University of Bologna

Computer vision deals with extracting information from images. It is used in applications like inspection, gauging, guidance, and robotics. In factories, computer vision helps with tasks like tile and PCB inspection. Advances in features detection and depth sensing using affordable cameras enable applications in everyday life like gesture control and body tracking. Deep learning now achieves top performance in computer vision tasks. Major trends include the use of computer vision in digital manufacturing, 3D applications, robotics, and augmented reality.

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Nitin Deshpande
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64 views

Department of Computer Science and Engineering - University of Bologna

Computer vision deals with extracting information from images. It is used in applications like inspection, gauging, guidance, and robotics. In factories, computer vision helps with tasks like tile and PCB inspection. Advances in features detection and depth sensing using affordable cameras enable applications in everyday life like gesture control and body tracking. Deep learning now achieves top performance in computer vision tasks. Major trends include the use of computer vision in digital manufacturing, 3D applications, robotics, and augmented reality.

Uploaded by

Nitin Deshpande
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Computer Science and

Engineering - University of Bologna

Introduction
http://didattica.arces.unibo.it/

Luigi Di Stefano ([email protected])


What is Computer Vision ?

Computer Vision deals with extraction of information from images

Computer
Input Image Output Information
Vision

and is therefore different from Image Processing

Image
Input Image Output Image
Processing
Computer Vision & Image Processing

quite often, though, Image Processing helps Computer Vision:

Image Computer
Input Image Output Image
Processing Vision

Output Information

Object Classes,
Position and Orientation,
Measurements
Why studying this stuff ?

Computer
Vision

Countless applications
in many diverse fields !

ENG BIO
Past.

the block world, Roberts, MIT, 1965

..from labs to the


factory

Cognex DataMan, 1982


first industrial OCR system

Through successes and failures, computer vision has


eventually reached maturity. The technology is now as
effective, reliable and affordable as to be deployed in
countless industrial applications.
Present.

massively into the factory

76,4%

Inspection,Gauging and Guidance


A case study: tile inspection

Old systems for detecting broken


tiles were mostly based on photocells.

The two borders orthogonal to the


motion direction cannot be inspected.
Small rotations can yield false
positives.
Poor flexibility.

A computer vision approach turns out


significantly more effective !
PCB inspection

Computer vision systems are widely deployed to check PCB


wires. Moreover, component placement inspection also
relies on vision systems.

More recently, 3D vision systems have been


introduced in the electronic manufacturing
process to carry out Solder Paste Inspection
of SMT components.
Robot Guidance

Computer vision is key to endow industrial robots with an


otherwise unattainable degree of flexibility.

The ability to detect and localize a few objects allows the robot
to adapt its operation to a wide range of unknown arrangements
(i.e. type of objects as well as their positions and poses).
The Present.

Turnkey systems designed for a


Application specific application, which is either
Specific Vision widespread throughout the industry or
Systems used in a particular sector.
The user can configure the system
Configurable without writing or changing
the source code. Typically PC-based,
Complexity & Cost

Vision Systems
flexible multi-camera support.
Cameras with embedded computational
Smart intelligence (e.g. a CPU,DSP or FPGA),
Cameras which can be programmed or
configured.

Turnkey products combing a sensor and a


Vision processor. Equipped with specific
Sensors application software geared at a widespread
use (e.g. presence/absence, code reading)
Present.

+14.1% vs +8.2%
23,6%
(10% in 2011)

increasingly into everyday life


Everyday life applications
Everyday life applications
Key advances: Features !
Local Invariant Features the detector/descriptor paradigm allows finding
and matching salient regions across images invariantly to viewpoint
changes.
Roberts, MIT, 1965

SIFT, Lowe, UBC, 2004


and Depth Sensing

Affordable Depth Cameras key to controlling machines by gestures and/or


body movements (Natural User Interfaces).

First generation Kinect, Asus Xtion:


structured light approach based on
PrimeSenses technology. now for
Apple only !

Second generation Kinect


(Xbox One), Intel RealSense :
TOF depth sensing technology
NUI - Kinect Body Tracking

31 Body Parts

Training on synthetic depth images ( 1 million)


Computer Vision & Machine
Learning
Low-Level Cues Decision Rules

Features
Image Design Design Information 2000

Features
Image Design Learn Information 2012

Features
Image Learn Learn Information

Deep Learning aka End-to-End Learning


Deep Learning

Truly data-centric
paradigm:

Big and good data

Value shift from


domain knowledge to
data
Deep Learning

Top performance in the most difficult computer vision tasks, often better
than human performance
YOLO watching Skyfall

DeepFace by FAIR

Amazing new tasks !


.and Future

Computer Vision goes 3D


.and Future

3D will foster Robotics


.and Future

Linked/Augmented Life
Devices based on geo-localization,
inertial sensors and computer vision
may link seamlessly digital content to
physical objects
Concluding Remarks

Computer vision is a combination of signal processing, machine


learning and math (e.g. probability and statistics, linear algebra,
optimization theory, projective geometry, differential geometry of
curves and surfaces, PDEs)

Major trends:

Computer vision is key to Digital Manufacturing (aka Industry 4.0).


Computer Vision is more and more going 3D.
3D Computer Vision will foster Robotics,
Computer Vision will increasingly pervade our everyday lives.
Computer Vision will be more and more embedded into products.
Computer vision will enable novel Augmented Reality applications.

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