S1720&S2700&S5700&S6720 Series Ethernet Switches

Configuration Guide - IP Unicast Routing Contents

Contents

About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii

1 IP Routing Features Supported in This Version..................................................................... 1
2 IP Routing Overview.................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Introduction to IP Routing.............................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Principles........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2.1 Routers and Routing Principles................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 Static Routes and Dynamic Routes............................................................................................................................. 5
2.2.3 Routing Table and FIB Table.......................................................................................................................................6
2.2.4 Route Iteration............................................................................................................................................................. 8
2.2.5 Routing Protocol Preference........................................................................................................................................9
2.2.6 Route Metric.............................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.7 Load Balancing and Route Backup........................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.8 IP FRR....................................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.9 Route Convergence....................................................................................................................................................13
2.2.10 Default Routes......................................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.11 Route Importing.......................................................................................................................................................15
2.2.12 Autonomous System................................................................................................................................................15
2.3 FAQ...............................................................................................................................................................................15
2.3.1 Why Communication with the Destination Network Fails After a Route to the Destination Network Is Configured
on a Device?....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.4 References.................................................................................................................................................................... 16

3 Static Route Configuration........................................................................................................ 17

3.1 Static Route Overview..................................................................................................................................................18
3.2 Principles...................................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.2.1 Basics of Static Routes.............................................................................................................................................. 18
3.2.2 BFD for Static Routes................................................................................................................................................19
3.2.3 NQA for Static Routes...............................................................................................................................................19
3.2.4 Permanent Advertisement of Static Routes............................................................................................................... 21
3.3 Applications..................................................................................................................................................................22
3.3.1 Load Balancing and Route Backup........................................................................................................................... 23
3.3.2 Default Static Route...................................................................................................................................................24
3.4 Configuration Task Summary.......................................................................................................................................24

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3.5 Default Configuration of Static Routes........................................................................................................................ 27

3.6 Configuring IPv4 Static Routes.................................................................................................................................... 27
3.6.1 Creating IPv4 Static Routes.......................................................................................................................................27
3.6.2 (Optional) Setting the Default Preference Value for IPv4 Static Routes...................................................................28
3.6.3 (Optional) Configuring Permanent Advertisement of IPv4 Static Routes................................................................ 29
3.6.4 (Optional) Preventing a Static Route from Being Selected If the Associated BFD Session Is in AdminDown State
............................................................................................................................................................................................ 29
3.6.5 (Optional) Preventing Static Routes from Being Iterated to a Blackhole Route.......................................................30
3.6.6 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................30
3.7 Configuring Static BFD for IPv4 Static Routes........................................................................................................... 31
3.8 Associating IPv4 Static Routes with NQA...................................................................................................................31
3.9 Associating IPv4 Static Routes with EFM................................................................................................................... 33
3.10 Configuring IPv6 Static Routes.................................................................................................................................. 34
3.10.1 Creating IPv6 Static Routes.....................................................................................................................................34
3.10.2 (Optional) Setting the Default Preference Value for IPv6 Static Routes.................................................................35
3.10.3 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................36
3.11 Configuring Static BFD for IPv6 Static Routes..........................................................................................................36
3.12 Configuration Examples............................................................................................................................................. 37
3.12.1 Example for Configuring IPv4 Static Routes.......................................................................................................... 37
3.12.2 Example for Configuring IPv6 Static Routes.......................................................................................................... 41
3.12.3 Example for Configuring Static BFD for IPv4 Static Routes................................................................................. 45
3.12.4 Example for Configuring Static BFD for IPv6 Static Routes................................................................................. 48
3.12.5 Example for Configuring NQA for IPv4 Static Routes...........................................................................................51
3.12.6 Example for Configuring EFM for Static IPv4 Routes........................................................................................... 60
3.13 References.................................................................................................................................................................. 63

4 RIP Configuration....................................................................................................................... 64
4.1 Introduction to RIP....................................................................................................................................................... 65
4.2 Principles...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
4.2.1 RIP Principles............................................................................................................................................................ 65
4.2.2 RIP-2 Enhanced Features.......................................................................................................................................... 67
4.2.3 Split Horizon and Poison Reverse............................................................................................................................. 69
4.2.4 Multi-Process and Multi-Instance............................................................................................................................. 70
4.2.5 BFD for RIP...............................................................................................................................................................70
4.2.6 Hot Standby............................................................................................................................................................... 72
4.3 Configuration Task Summary.......................................................................................................................................72
4.4 Configuration Notes..................................................................................................................................................... 75
4.5 Default Configuration...................................................................................................................................................78
4.6 Configuring Basic RIP Functions.................................................................................................................................78
4.6.1 Enabling RIP..............................................................................................................................................................78
4.6.2 Enabling RIP on the Specified Network Segment.....................................................................................................79
4.6.3 (Optional) Configuring RIP Neighbors on an NBMA Network............................................................................... 80
4.6.4 (Optional) Configuring the RIP Version....................................................................................................................80

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4.6.5 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................81

4.7 Configuring RIP-2........................................................................................................................................................ 81
4.7.1 Configuring RIP-2 Route Summarization................................................................................................................. 82
4.7.2 Configuring RIP-2 Packet Authentication.................................................................................................................83
4.7.3 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................84
4.8 Avoiding Routing Loops...............................................................................................................................................84
4.8.1 Configuring Split Horizon......................................................................................................................................... 84
4.8.2 Configuring Poison Reverse...................................................................................................................................... 85
4.8.3 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................86
4.9 Controlling RIP Routing...............................................................................................................................................86
4.9.1 Configuring RIP Preference...................................................................................................................................... 86
4.9.2 Configuring Additional Metrics of an Interface........................................................................................................ 87
4.9.3 Setting the Maximum Number of Equal-Cost Routes...............................................................................................88
4.9.4 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................88
4.10 Controlling RIP Route Advertisement....................................................................................................................... 88
4.10.1 Configuring RIP to Advertise Default Routes.........................................................................................................89
4.10.2 Disabling an Interface from Sending Update Packets............................................................................................. 89
4.10.3 Configuring RIP to Import Routes.......................................................................................................................... 90
4.10.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................91
4.11 Controlling Receiving of RIP Routing Information................................................................................................... 92
4.11.1 Disabling an Interface from Receiving RIP Update Packets...................................................................................92
4.11.2 Configuring RIP to Deny Host Routes.................................................................................................................... 93
4.11.3 Configuring RIP to Filter Received Routes.............................................................................................................93
4.11.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................94
4.12 Improving RIP Network Performance........................................................................................................................94
4.12.1 Configuring RIP Timers.......................................................................................................................................... 94
4.12.2 Setting the Interval for Sending Update Packets and Maximum Number of Sent Packets.....................................95
4.12.3 Enabling the Replay Protection Function................................................................................................................ 96
4.12.4 Configuring RIP to Check the Validity of Update Packets..................................................................................... 97
4.12.5 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................98
4.13 Configuring BFD for RIP........................................................................................................................................... 98
4.13.1 Configuring Dynamic BFD for RIP........................................................................................................................ 99
4.13.2 Configuring Static BFD for RIP............................................................................................................................ 101
4.14 Configuring the Network Management Function for RIP........................................................................................103
4.15 Maintaining RIP....................................................................................................................................................... 104
4.15.1 Resetting RIP......................................................................................................................................................... 104
4.15.2 Clearing RIP Statistics...........................................................................................................................................104
4.16 Configuration Examples........................................................................................................................................... 105
4.16.1 Example for Configuring Basic RIP Functions..................................................................................................... 105
4.16.2 Example for Configuring RIP to Import Routes................................................................................................... 108
4.16.3 Example for Configuring One-Arm Static BFD for RIP.......................................................................................113
4.16.4 Example for Configuring Dynamic BFD for RIP..................................................................................................117

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4.17 Common Configuration Errors................................................................................................................................. 122

4.17.1 Failed to Receive RIP Update Packets from Neighbors........................................................................................122
4.17.2 Failed to Send RIP Update Packets to Neighbors................................................................................................. 123
4.17.3 Route Flapping Occurs on a RIP Network............................................................................................................ 123
4.18 References................................................................................................................................................................ 124

5 RIPng Configuration.................................................................................................................125
5.1 Introduction to RIPng................................................................................................................................................. 126
5.2 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................... 126
5.2.1 RIPng....................................................................................................................................................................... 126
5.3 Configuration Task Summary.....................................................................................................................................126
5.4 Configuration Notes................................................................................................................................................... 128
5.5 Default Configuration.................................................................................................................................................130
5.6 Configuring Basic RIPng Functions...........................................................................................................................130
5.6.1 Enabling RIPng........................................................................................................................................................131
5.6.2 Enabling RIPng on Interfaces..................................................................................................................................131
5.6.3 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................132
5.7 Avoiding Routing Loops.............................................................................................................................................132
5.7.1 Configuring Split Horizon....................................................................................................................................... 132
5.7.2 Configuring Poison Reverse.................................................................................................................................... 133
5.7.3 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................134
5.8 Controlling RIPng Routing.........................................................................................................................................134
5.8.1 Configuring RIPng Preference................................................................................................................................ 134
5.8.2 Configuring Additional Metrics of an Interface...................................................................................................... 135
5.8.3 Setting the Maximum Number of Equal-Cost Routes.............................................................................................136
5.8.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................136
5.9 Controlling RIPng Route Advertisement................................................................................................................... 137
5.9.1 Configuring RIPng Route Summarization.............................................................................................................. 137
5.9.2 Advertising a Default Route.................................................................................................................................... 138
5.9.3 Configuring a RIPng Process to Import External Routes........................................................................................139
5.9.4 Disabling Sending of RIPng Packets on an Interface..............................................................................................139
5.9.5 Disabling Receiving of RIPng Packets on an Interface...........................................................................................140
5.9.6 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................141
5.10 Controlling the Receiving of RIPng Routes............................................................................................................. 141
5.11 Improving RIPng Network Performance..................................................................................................................142
5.11.1 Configuring RIPng Timers.................................................................................................................................... 142
5.11.2 Setting the Interval for Sending Update Packets and Maximum Number of Sent Packets................................... 143
5.11.3 Enabling Zero Field Check for RIPng Packets......................................................................................................144
5.11.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................144
5.12 Maintaining RIPng................................................................................................................................................... 145
5.12.1 Clearing RIPng...................................................................................................................................................... 145
5.13 Configuration Examples........................................................................................................................................... 145
5.13.1 Example for Configuring RIPng to Filter the Received Routes............................................................................ 145

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5.14 References................................................................................................................................................................ 150

6 OSPF Configuration..................................................................................................................151
6.1 Introduction to OSPF..................................................................................................................................................153
6.2 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................... 153
6.2.1 Fundamentals of OSPF............................................................................................................................................ 153
6.2.2 OSPF TE..................................................................................................................................................................164
6.2.3 BFD for OSPF......................................................................................................................................................... 166
6.2.4 OSPF GTSM............................................................................................................................................................167
6.2.5 OSPF Smart-Discover............................................................................................................................................. 167
6.2.6 OSPF VPN...............................................................................................................................................................168
6.2.7 OSPF NSSA............................................................................................................................................................ 174
6.2.8 OSPF Fast Convergence.......................................................................................................................................... 175
6.2.9 Priority-based OSPF Convergence.......................................................................................................................... 176
6.2.10 OSPF Neighbor Relationship Flapping Suppression.............................................................................................176
6.2.11 OSPF-BGP Synchronization..................................................................................................................................182
6.2.12 OSPF GR............................................................................................................................................................... 183
6.2.13 OSPF-LDP Synchronization..................................................................................................................................187
6.2.14 OSPF Database Overflow......................................................................................................................................188
6.2.15 OSPF Mesh-Group................................................................................................................................................ 189
6.3 OSPF Applications..................................................................................................................................................... 191
6.3.1 OSPF GR................................................................................................................................................................. 191
6.3.2 OSPF GTSM............................................................................................................................................................191
6.4 Configuration Task Summary.....................................................................................................................................192
6.5 Configuration Notes................................................................................................................................................... 195
6.6 Default Configuration.................................................................................................................................................197
6.7 Configuring Basic OSPF Functions........................................................................................................................... 197
6.7.1 Creating an OSPF Process....................................................................................................................................... 197
6.7.2 Creating an OSPF Area........................................................................................................................................... 198
6.7.3 Enabling OSPF........................................................................................................................................................ 199
6.7.4 (Optional) Creating OSPF Virtual Links................................................................................................................. 200
6.7.5 (Optional) Restricting the Flooding of LSA Packets...............................................................................................201
6.7.6 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................202
6.8 Configuring Session Parameters for OSPF Neighbor Relationships..........................................................................202
6.8.1 Setting an OSPF Packet Retransmission Limit....................................................................................................... 203
6.8.2 Configuring an Interface to Insert the Actual MTU into DD Packets.....................................................................203
6.8.3 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................204
6.9 Configuring OSPF Attributes on Different Types of Networks................................................................................. 205
6.9.1 Configuring Network Types for an OSPF Interface................................................................................................ 206
6.9.2 Configuring P2MP Network Attributes...................................................................................................................207
6.9.3 Configuring NBMA Network Attributes.................................................................................................................208
6.9.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................209
6.10 Configuring OSPF Stub Areas................................................................................................................................. 210

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6.10.1 Configuring an Area as a Stub Area...................................................................................................................... 211

6.10.2 (Optional) Configuring a Cost for the Default Route Sent to a Stub Area............................................................211
6.10.3 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................212
6.11 Configuring an OSPF NSSA.................................................................................................................................... 213
6.12 Adjusting OSPF Route Selection............................................................................................................................. 215
6.12.1 Setting a Link Cost for an OSPF Interface............................................................................................................ 216
6.12.2 Configuring Equal-Cost Routes.............................................................................................................................217
6.12.3 Configuring an External Route Selection Rule..................................................................................................... 218
6.12.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................218
6.13 Controlling OSPF Routing Information................................................................................................................... 219
6.13.1 Configuring OSPF to Import External Routes...................................................................................................... 219
6.13.2 Configuring OSPF to Advertise the Default Route to an OSPF Area...................................................................220
6.13.3 Configuring OSPF Route Summarization............................................................................................................. 222
6.13.4 Configuring OSPF to Filter Received Routes....................................................................................................... 223
6.13.5 Configuring OSPF to Filter the Routes to Be Advertised..................................................................................... 224
6.13.6 Configuring the Switch to Filter LSAs to Be Sent................................................................................................ 224
6.13.7 Configuring OSPF to Filter ABR Type3 LSAs..................................................................................................... 225
6.13.8 (Optional) Enabling the Mesh-Group Function.....................................................................................................226
6.13.9 Setting the Maximum Number of External LSAs in the LSDB............................................................................ 226
6.13.10 Checking the Configuration.................................................................................................................................227
6.14 Configuring BFD for OSPF......................................................................................................................................227
6.14.1 Configuring Global BFD....................................................................................................................................... 228
6.14.2 Configuring BFD for OSPF...................................................................................................................................228
6.14.3 (Optional) Preventing an Interface from Dynamically Setting Up a BFD Session...............................................230
6.14.4 (Optional) Configuring BFD on an Interface........................................................................................................ 230
6.14.5 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................232
6.15 Configuring OSPF Fast Convergence...................................................................................................................... 232
6.15.1 Setting a Convergence Priority for OSPF Routes..................................................................................................233
6.15.2 Setting an Interval at Which Hello Packets Are Sent............................................................................................ 233
6.15.3 Setting a Dead Time for a Neighbor Relationship.................................................................................................234
6.15.4 Configuring Smart-discover.................................................................................................................................. 235
6.15.5 Setting an Interval at Which LSAs Are Updated...................................................................................................236
6.15.6 Setting an Interval at Which LSAs Are Received................................................................................................. 237
6.15.7 Setting an Interval for SPF Calculation................................................................................................................. 238
6.15.8 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................239
6.16 Configuring OSPF GR..............................................................................................................................................239
6.16.1 Enabling the Opaque-LSA Capability of OSPF.................................................................................................... 239
6.16.2 (Optional) Configuring the GR Session Parameters on the Restarter................................................................... 240
6.16.3 (Optional) Configuring GR Session Parameters on the Helper.............................................................................240
6.16.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................241
6.17 Improving the Stability of an OSPF Network.......................................................................................................... 241
6.17.1 Setting a Priority for OSPF Routes........................................................................................................................242

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6.17.2 Configuring a Delay After Which LSAs Are Transmitted on an Interface........................................................... 242
6.17.3 Configuring an Interval at Which LSAs Are Retransmitted................................................................................. 243
6.17.4 Configuring Stub Routers...................................................................................................................................... 244
6.17.5 Prohibiting an OSPF Interface from Sending and Receiving Protocol Packets.................................................... 244
6.17.6 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................245
6.18 Improving the Security of an OSPF Network.......................................................................................................... 245
6.18.1 Configuring the OSPF GTSM Functions.............................................................................................................. 246
6.18.2 Configuring an Area Authentication Mode........................................................................................................... 247
6.18.3 Configuring an Interface Authentication Mode.....................................................................................................248
6.18.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................249
6.19 Configuring OSPF Neighbor Relationship Flapping Suppression........................................................................... 250
6.20 Configuring Network Management Functions for OSPF.........................................................................................252
6.20.1 Configuring OSPF MIB Binding...........................................................................................................................253
6.20.2 Configuring the OSPF Trap Function....................................................................................................................253
6.20.3 Configuring the OSPF Log Function.....................................................................................................................253
6.20.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................254
6.21 Maintaining OSPF.................................................................................................................................................... 254
6.21.1 Clearing OSPF....................................................................................................................................................... 254
6.21.2 Resetting OSPF......................................................................................................................................................255
6.22 Configuration Examples........................................................................................................................................... 255
6.22.1 Example for Configuring Basic OSPF Functions..................................................................................................255
6.22.2 Example for Configuring OSPF DR Election....................................................................................................... 259
6.22.3 Example for Configuring an OSPF Stub Area...................................................................................................... 264
6.22.4 Example for Configuring an OSPF NSSA............................................................................................................ 268
6.22.5 Example for Configuring OSPF Load Balancing..................................................................................................273
6.22.6 Example for Configuring OSPF-BGP Synchronization........................................................................................ 278
6.22.7 Example for Configuring OSPF GR......................................................................................................................286
6.22.8 Example for Configuring BFD for OSPF..............................................................................................................291
6.23 Common Misconfigurations..................................................................................................................................... 296
6.23.1 An OSPF Neighbor Relationship Cannot Be Established..................................................................................... 296
6.23.2 OSPF Cannot Find Routes of a Non-Local Area.................................................................................................. 298
6.24 References................................................................................................................................................................ 299

7 OSPFv3 Configuration............................................................................................................. 301

7.1 Introduction to OSPFv3..............................................................................................................................................303
7.2 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................... 303
7.2.1 OSPFv3 Principles...................................................................................................................................................303
7.2.2 OSPFv3 GR............................................................................................................................................................. 309
7.2.3 OSPFv3-BGP Synchronization................................................................................................................................311
7.2.4 OSPFv3 Neighbor Relationship Flapping Suppression...........................................................................................313
7.2.5 OSPFv3 and OSPFv2 Comparison..........................................................................................................................317
7.3 Configuration Task Summary.....................................................................................................................................319
7.4 Configuration Notes................................................................................................................................................... 324

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7.5 Default Configuration.................................................................................................................................................325

7.6 Configuring Basic OSPFv3 Functions....................................................................................................................... 326
7.6.1 Enabling OSPFv3.................................................................................................................................................... 326
7.6.2 Enabling OSPFv3 on an Interface........................................................................................................................... 327
7.6.3 Entering an OSPFv3 Area View.............................................................................................................................. 328
7.6.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................329
7.7 Establishing and Maintaining an OSPFv3 Neighbor Relationship............................................................................ 330
7.7.1 Configuring an Interval at Which Hello Packets are Sent.......................................................................................330
7.7.2 Configuring a Dead Time for a Neighbor Relationship.......................................................................................... 331
7.7.3 Configuring an LSA Retransmission Interval......................................................................................................... 331
7.7.4 Configuring an LSA Transmission Delay............................................................................................................... 332
7.7.5 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................333
7.8 Configuring an OSPFv3 Area.....................................................................................................................................333
7.8.1 Configuring an OSPFv3 Stub Area......................................................................................................................... 333
7.8.2 Configuring OSPFv3 Virtual Links......................................................................................................................... 334
7.8.3 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................335
7.9 Configuring an OSPFv3 NSSA.................................................................................................................................. 335
7.9.1 Defining an Area as an NSSA................................................................................................................................. 336
7.9.2 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................336
7.10 Configuring OSPFv3 Route Attributes.....................................................................................................................337
7.10.1 Setting a Cost for an OSPFv3 Interface.................................................................................................................337
7.10.2 Setting the Maximum Number of Equal-Cost Routes...........................................................................................338
7.10.3 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................338
7.11 Controlling OSPFv3 Routing Information............................................................................................................... 339
7.11.1 Configuring OSPFv3 Route Aggregation..............................................................................................................339
7.11.2 Configuring OSPFv3 to Filter the Received Routes..............................................................................................340
7.11.3 Configuring OSPFv3 to Import External Routes...................................................................................................340
7.11.4 (Optional) Configuring OSPFv3 to Filter LSAs in an Area.................................................................................. 341
7.11.5 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................342
7.12 Optimizing an OSPFv3 Network..............................................................................................................................343
7.12.1 Configuring an SPF Timer.....................................................................................................................................343
7.12.2 Suppressing an Interface from Sending and Receiving OSPFv3 Packets............................................................. 344
7.12.3 Configuring a DR Priority for an Interface........................................................................................................... 345
7.12.4 Configuring Stub Routers...................................................................................................................................... 345
7.12.5 Ignoring MTU Check on DD Packets................................................................................................................... 346
7.12.6 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................347
7.13 Configuring BFD for OSPFv3..................................................................................................................................347
7.13.1 Configuring BFD Globally.................................................................................................................................... 348
7.13.2 Configuring BFD for OSPFv3...............................................................................................................................349
7.13.3 (Optional) Preventing an Interface from Dynamically Setting Up a BFD Session...............................................349
7.13.4 (Optional) Configuring BFD for a Specified Interface..........................................................................................350
7.13.5 Checking the Configurations................................................................................................................................. 351

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7.14 Configuring OSPFv3 GR..........................................................................................................................................351

7.14.1 Enabling OSPFv3 GR............................................................................................................................................352
7.14.2 Enabling the OSPFv3 GR Helper.......................................................................................................................... 352
7.14.3 Check the Configuration........................................................................................................................................353
7.15 Improving OSPFv3 Network Security..................................................................................................................... 353
7.15.1 Configuring OSPFv3 GTSM................................................................................................................................. 354
7.15.2 Configuring an Authentication Mode....................................................................................................................355
7.15.3 Checking the Configurations................................................................................................................................. 356
7.16 Configuring OSPFv3 Neighbor Relationship Flapping Suppression....................................................................... 357
7.17 Configuring OSPFv3 IPSec......................................................................................................................................359
7.17.1 Configuring Basic IPSec Functions.......................................................................................................................359
7.17.2 Configuring OSPFv3 IPSec Authentication.......................................................................................................... 362
7.17.3 Checking the Configurations................................................................................................................................. 364
7.18 Configuring the Network Management Function of OSPFv3..................................................................................365
7.18.1 Configuring OSPFv3 MIB Binding.......................................................................................................................365
7.18.2 Configuring OSPFv3 Trap.....................................................................................................................................365
7.18.3 Check the Configuration........................................................................................................................................366
7.19 Maintaining OSPFv3................................................................................................................................................ 366
7.19.1 Resetting OSPFv3..................................................................................................................................................366
7.20 Configuration Examples........................................................................................................................................... 367
7.20.1 Example for Configuring OSPFv3 Areas.............................................................................................................. 367
7.20.2 Example for Configuring DR Election Through OSPFv3.....................................................................................372
7.20.3 Example for Configuring an OSPFv3 Virtual Link...............................................................................................377
7.20.4 Example for Configuring OSPFv3 GR..................................................................................................................381
7.20.5 Example for Configuring BFD for OSPFv3..........................................................................................................386
7.21 References................................................................................................................................................................ 391

8 IPv4 IS-IS Configuration..........................................................................................................392

8.1 Introduction to IS-IS................................................................................................................................................... 394
8.2 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................... 394
8.2.1 IS-IS Basic Concepts............................................................................................................................................... 394
8.2.2 IS-IS Basic Principles.............................................................................................................................................. 400
8.2.3 IS-IS Authentication................................................................................................................................................ 405
8.2.4 IS-IS Route Leaking................................................................................................................................................ 407
8.2.5 IS-IS Overload......................................................................................................................................................... 407
8.2.6 IS-IS Network Convergence....................................................................................................................................408
8.2.7 IS-IS Neighbor Relationship Flapping Suppression................................................................................................410
8.2.8 IS-IS Administrative Tag.........................................................................................................................................416
8.2.9 IS-IS Wide Metric....................................................................................................................................................418
8.2.10 IS-IS LSP Fragment Extension..............................................................................................................................419
8.2.11 IS-IS Host Name Mapping.................................................................................................................................... 422
8.2.12 IS-IS Reliability..................................................................................................................................................... 423
8.2.13 IS-IS GR................................................................................................................................................................ 424

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8.2.14 BFD for IS-IS........................................................................................................................................................ 429

8.2.15 IS-IS Auto FRR..................................................................................................................................................... 432
8.2.16 IS-IS TE................................................................................................................................................................. 435
8.2.17 IS-IS Local MT......................................................................................................................................................439
8.2.18 IS-IS Multi-Instance and Multi-Process................................................................................................................ 442
8.3 Default Configuration.................................................................................................................................................443
8.4 Configuration Task Summary.....................................................................................................................................443
8.5 Configuration Notes................................................................................................................................................... 447
8.6 Configure Basic IS-IS Functions................................................................................................................................ 449
8.6.1 Creating IS-IS Processes......................................................................................................................................... 449
8.6.2 Configuring a NET.................................................................................................................................................. 450
8.6.3 Configuring the Device Level................................................................................................................................. 451
8.6.4 Establishing IS-IS Neighbor Relationships............................................................................................................. 452
8.6.5 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................455
8.7 Improving IS-IS Network Security.............................................................................................................................456
8.7.1 Configuring Interface Authentication......................................................................................................................456
8.7.2 Configuring Area or Domain Authentication.......................................................................................................... 457
8.7.3 Configuring the Optional Checksum....................................................................................................................... 459
8.7.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................460
8.8 Controlling IS-IS Route Selection.............................................................................................................................. 460
8.8.1 Configuring a Preference Value for IS-IS................................................................................................................460
8.8.2 Configuring the Cost of an IS-IS Interface..............................................................................................................461
8.8.3 Configuring Principles for Using Equal-Cost IS-IS Routes.................................................................................... 463
8.8.4 Configuring IS-IS Route Leaking............................................................................................................................465
8.8.5 Controlling Whether a Level-1 Device Generates a IPv4 Default Route................................................................466
8.8.6 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................467
8.9 Controlling IS-IS Route Exchange............................................................................................................................. 467
8.9.1 Configuring IS-IS to Advertise a Default Route..................................................................................................... 467
8.9.2 Configuring IS-IS to Import External Routes..........................................................................................................468
8.9.3 Configuring IS-IS to Advertise Specified External Routes to an IS-IS Routing Domain.......................................469
8.9.4 Adding Specified IS-IS Routes to the IP Routing Table......................................................................................... 469
8.9.5 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................470
8.10 Configuring IS-IS Route Summarization................................................................................................................. 470
8.11 Controlling IS-IS Route Convergence...................................................................................................................... 471
8.11.1 Configuring Attributes for Hello Packets.............................................................................................................. 471
8.11.2 Configuring Attributes for LSPs............................................................................................................................473
8.11.3 Configuring Attributes for CSNPs.........................................................................................................................478
8.11.4 Setting the SPF Calculation Interval......................................................................................................................479
8.11.5 Configuring Convergence Priorities for IS-IS Routes........................................................................................... 480
8.11.6 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................480
8.12 Configuring LSP Fragment Extension..................................................................................................................... 481
8.13 Configuring a Mesh Group on an NBMA Network................................................................................................. 482

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8.14 Configuring IS-IS Reliability................................................................................................................................... 483

8.14.1 Configuring Static BFD for IS-IS..........................................................................................................................483
8.14.2 Configuring Dynamic BFD for IS-IS.................................................................................................................... 485
8.14.3 Enabling IS-IS GR.................................................................................................................................................487
8.15 Configuring the Overload Bit for an IS-IS Device...................................................................................................488
8.16 Configuring IS-IS Neighbor Relationship Flapping Suppression............................................................................ 489
8.17 Maintaining IS-IS..................................................................................................................................................... 492
8.17.1 Resetting IS-IS.......................................................................................................................................................492
8.17.2 Improving the Maintainability of IS-IS................................................................................................................. 492
8.17.3 Configuring the Output of IS-IS Adjacency Status............................................................................................... 493
8.18 Configuration Examples........................................................................................................................................... 494
8.18.1 Example for Configuring Basic IS-IS Functions...................................................................................................494
8.18.2 Example for Configuring IS-IS Route Summarization......................................................................................... 500
8.18.3 Example for Configuring DIS Election................................................................................................................. 504
8.18.4 Example for Configuring IS-IS Load Balancing................................................................................................... 510
8.18.5 Example for Configuring Static BFD for IS-IS.....................................................................................................515
8.18.6 Example for Configuring Dynamic BFD for IS-IS............................................................................................... 520
8.18.7 Example for Configuring IS-IS GR.......................................................................................................................526
8.19 Common Configuration Errors................................................................................................................................. 530
8.19.1 Failed to Establish IS-IS Neighbor Relationships................................................................................................. 530
8.19.2 A Device Cannot Learn IS-IS Routes from Its Neighbor......................................................................................531
8.20 References................................................................................................................................................................ 532

9 IPv6 IS-IS Configuration..........................................................................................................535

9.1 Introduction to IS-IS................................................................................................................................................... 536
9.2 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................... 536
9.2.1 IS-IS IPv6................................................................................................................................................................ 536
9.2.2 IS-IS MT..................................................................................................................................................................537
9.3 Configuration Task Summary.....................................................................................................................................538
9.4 Configuration Notes................................................................................................................................................... 542
9.5 Default Configuration.................................................................................................................................................543
9.6 Configuring Basic IPv6 IS-IS Functions.................................................................................................................... 544
9.6.1 Creating an IS-IS Process........................................................................................................................................ 544
9.6.2 Configuring a NET and Enabling IPv6 IS-IS.......................................................................................................... 545
9.6.3 Configuring a Device Level.................................................................................................................................... 546
9.6.4 Establishing an IS-IS Neighbor Relationship.......................................................................................................... 547
9.6.5 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................550
9.7 Improving IPv6 IS-IS Network Security.................................................................................................................... 550
9.7.1 Configuring Interface Authentication......................................................................................................................550
9.7.2 Configuring Area or Domain Authentication.......................................................................................................... 552
9.7.3 Configuring the Optional Checksum....................................................................................................................... 553
9.7.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................554
9.8 Controlling IPv6 IS-IS Route Selection..................................................................................................................... 554

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9.8.1 Configuring a Preference Value for IPv6 IS-IS....................................................................................................... 555

9.8.2 Configuring a Cost for IS-IS Interfaces on an IPv6 Network................................................................................. 555
9.8.3 Configuring Load Balancing Among Equal-Cost IPv6 IS-IS Routes..................................................................... 558
9.8.4 Configuring IS-IS IPv6 Route Leaking................................................................................................................... 559
9.8.5 Controlling Whether a Level-1 Device Generates an IPv6 Default Route..............................................................560
9.8.6 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................561
9.9 Controlling IPv6 IS-IS Route Exchange.................................................................................................................... 561
9.9.1 Configuring IS-IS to Advertise a Default Route..................................................................................................... 561
9.9.2 Configuring IS-IS to Import External Routes..........................................................................................................562
9.9.3 Configuring IS-IS to Advertise Specified External Routes to an IS-IS Routing Domain.......................................563
9.9.4 Adding Specified IS-IS Routes to an IPv6 Routing Table...................................................................................... 563
9.9.5 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................564
9.10 Configuring IPv6 IS-IS Route Summarization.........................................................................................................564
9.11 Controlling IPv6 IS-IS Route Convergence............................................................................................................. 565
9.11.1 Configuring Attributes for Hello Packets.............................................................................................................. 565
9.11.2 Configuring Attributes for LSPs............................................................................................................................567
9.11.3 Configuring Attributes for CSNPs.........................................................................................................................572
9.11.4 Setting an SPF Calculation Interval.......................................................................................................................573
9.11.5 Configuring Convergence Priorities for IS-IS Routes........................................................................................... 574
9.11.6 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................575
9.12 Configuring LSP Fragment Extension..................................................................................................................... 575
9.13 Configuring a Mesh Group on an NBMA Network................................................................................................. 576
9.14 Configuring IPv6 IS-IS Reliability...........................................................................................................................577
9.14.1 Configuring Dynamic BFD for IPv6 IS-IS............................................................................................................577
9.15 Configuring the Overload Bit for an IS-IS Device...................................................................................................580
9.16 Maintaining IS-IS..................................................................................................................................................... 580
9.16.1 Resetting IS-IS.......................................................................................................................................................580
9.16.2 Improving the Maintainability of IS-IS................................................................................................................. 581
9.16.3 Configuring the Output of IS-IS Adjacency Status............................................................................................... 582
9.17 Configuration Examples........................................................................................................................................... 583
9.17.1 Example for Configuring Basic IS-IS IPv6 Functions.......................................................................................... 583
9.17.2 Example for Configuring Dynamic BFD for IPv6 IS-IS.......................................................................................589
9.18 References................................................................................................................................................................ 595

10 BGP Configuration..................................................................................................................597
10.1 Introduction to BGP..................................................................................................................................................598
10.2 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................. 599
10.2.1 BGP Concepts........................................................................................................................................................599
10.2.2 BGP Working Principles........................................................................................................................................600
10.2.3 Interaction Between BGP and an IGP................................................................................................................... 603
10.2.4 BGP Security......................................................................................................................................................... 603
10.2.5 BGP Route Selection Rules and Load Balancing..................................................................................................604
10.2.6 Route Reflector......................................................................................................................................................608

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10.2.7 BGP Confederation................................................................................................................................................611

10.2.8 Route Summarization............................................................................................................................................ 612
10.2.9 Route Dampening.................................................................................................................................................. 613
10.2.10 BFD for BGP....................................................................................................................................................... 614
10.2.11 BGP Tracking...................................................................................................................................................... 614
10.2.12 BGP GR............................................................................................................................................................... 615
10.2.13 Dynamic Update Peer-Groups............................................................................................................................. 616
10.2.14 MP-BGP.............................................................................................................................................................. 618
10.3 Configuration Task Summary...................................................................................................................................619
10.4 Configuration Notes................................................................................................................................................. 624
10.5 Default Configuration...............................................................................................................................................626
10.6 Configuring Basic BGP Functions........................................................................................................................... 627
10.6.1 Starting a BGP Process..........................................................................................................................................627
10.6.2 Configuring BGP Peers......................................................................................................................................... 628
10.6.3 (Optional) Configuring a BGP Peer Group........................................................................................................... 629
10.6.4 Configuring BGP to Import Routes.......................................................................................................................631
10.6.5 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................633
10.7 Configuring BGP Security........................................................................................................................................633
10.7.1 Configuring MD5 Authentication......................................................................................................................... 634
10.7.2 Configuring Keychain Authentication...................................................................................................................634
10.7.3 Configuring BGP GTSM.......................................................................................................................................635
10.7.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................636
10.8 Simplifying IBGP Network Connections................................................................................................................. 636
10.8.1 Configuring a BGP Route Reflector......................................................................................................................637
10.8.2 Configuring a BGP Confederation........................................................................................................................ 638
10.9 Configuring BGP Route Selection and Load Balancing.......................................................................................... 639
10.9.1 Configuring the BGP Priority................................................................................................................................639
10.9.2 Configuring the Next_Hop Attribute.....................................................................................................................641
10.9.3 Configuring the PrefVal Attribute......................................................................................................................... 642
10.9.4 Configuring the Default Local_Pref Attribute.......................................................................................................642
10.9.5 Configuring the AS_Path Attribute....................................................................................................................... 643
10.9.6 Configuring the MED Attribute............................................................................................................................ 646
10.9.7 Configuring the BGP Community Attribute......................................................................................................... 647
10.9.8 Configuring BGP Load Balancing........................................................................................................................ 649
10.9.9 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................651
10.10 Controlling the Receiving and Advertisement of BGP Routes.............................................................................. 651
10.10.1 Configuring a Routing Policy..............................................................................................................................652
10.10.2 Controlling the Advertisement of BGP Routes................................................................................................... 652
10.10.3 Controlling the Receiving of BGP Routes.......................................................................................................... 654
10.10.4 Configuring BGP Soft Reset............................................................................................................................... 656
10.10.5 Checking the Configuration.................................................................................................................................657
10.11 Adjusting the BGP Network Convergence Speed.................................................................................................. 658

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10.11.1 Configuring a BGP ConnectRetry Timer............................................................................................................ 658

10.11.2 Configuring BGP Keepalive and Hold Timers....................................................................................................659
10.11.3 Configuring an Update Message Timer...............................................................................................................661
10.11.4 Disabling Rapid EBGP Connection Reset...........................................................................................................661
10.11.5 Configuring the BGP Next Hop Delayed Response............................................................................................662
10.11.6 Configuring BGP Route Dampening...................................................................................................................664
10.11.7 Configuring Slow Peer Detection........................................................................................................................ 665
10.11.8 Checking the Configuration.................................................................................................................................666
10.12 Configuring BGP Reliability.................................................................................................................................. 666
10.12.1 Enabling BGP Tracking.......................................................................................................................................667
10.12.2 Configuring BFD for BGP.................................................................................................................................. 667
10.12.3 Configuring BGP GR.......................................................................................................................................... 669
10.13 Configuring BGP Route Summarization................................................................................................................ 670
10.14 Configuring BGP to Advertise Default Routes to Peers........................................................................................ 672
10.15 Configuring MP-BGP.............................................................................................................................................673
10.16 Maintaining BGP.................................................................................................................................................... 674
10.16.1 Configuring Alarm and Clear Alarm Thresholds for the Number of BGP Routes............................................. 674
10.16.2 Resetting BGP Connections................................................................................................................................ 675
10.16.3 Clearing BGP Statistics....................................................................................................................................... 675
10.17 Configuration Examples......................................................................................................................................... 676
10.17.1 Example for Configuring Basic BGP Functions................................................................................................. 676
10.17.2 Example for Configuring Basic BGP4+ Functions............................................................................................. 682
10.17.3 Example for Configuring Basic MBGP Functions..............................................................................................688
10.17.4 Example for Configuring BGP to Interact with an IGP...................................................................................... 696
10.17.5 Example for Configuring AS_Path Filter............................................................................................................ 700
10.17.6 Example for Configuring MED Attributes to Control BGP Route Selection..................................................... 706
10.17.7 Example for Configuring a BGP Route Reflector...............................................................................................710
10.17.8 Example for Configuring a BGP4+ Route Reflector...........................................................................................715
10.17.9 Example for Configuring a BGP Confederation................................................................................................. 721
10.17.10 Example for Configuring the BGP Community Attribute.................................................................................728
10.17.11 Example for Configuring BGP Load Balancing................................................................................................732
10.17.12 Example for Configuring a BGP Routing Policy.............................................................................................. 737
10.17.13 Example for Associating BGP with BFD..........................................................................................................756
10.17.14 Example for Configuring BFD for BGP4+....................................................................................................... 762
10.17.15 Example for Configuring BGP GTSM.............................................................................................................. 767
10.18 References.............................................................................................................................................................. 776

11 Routing Policy Configuration............................................................................................... 778

11.1 Introduction to Routing Policy................................................................................................................................. 779
11.2 Principle.................................................................................................................................................................... 779
11.3 Usage Scenario......................................................................................................................................................... 782
11.4 Configuration Task Summary................................................................................................................................... 783
11.5 Configuration Notes..................................................................................................................................................784

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11.6 Configuring Filters....................................................................................................................................................787

11.6.1 Configuring an IP Prefix List.................................................................................................................................787
11.6.2 Configuring an AS_Path Filter.............................................................................................................................. 788
11.6.3 Configuring a Community Filter........................................................................................................................... 788
11.6.4 Configuring an Extended Community Filter......................................................................................................... 789
11.6.5 Configuring an RD Filter.......................................................................................................................................790
11.7 Configuring a Routing Policy................................................................................................................................... 790
11.7.1 Creating a Routing Policy......................................................................................................................................791
11.7.2 (Optional) Configuring an if-match Clause........................................................................................................... 791
11.7.3 (Optional) Configuring an apply Clause................................................................................................................793
11.7.4 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................796
11.8 Controlling the Valid Time of Routing Policies....................................................................................................... 796
11.9 Maintaining the Routing Policy................................................................................................................................797
11.10 Configuration Examples......................................................................................................................................... 797
11.10.1 Example for Filtering the Routes to Be Received or Advertised........................................................................ 797
11.10.2 Example for Applying a Routing Policy for Importing Routes...........................................................................801
11.11 References...............................................................................................................................................................806

12 IP Routing Table Management.............................................................................................807

12.1 Configuration Notes................................................................................................................................................. 808
12.2 Managing IP Routing Tables.................................................................................................................................... 809
12.2.1 Displaying and Maintaining an IP Routing Table................................................................................................. 810
12.2.2 Displaying and Maintaining the Routing Management Module........................................................................... 811
12.2.3 Displaying and Maintaining FIB Tables................................................................................................................812
12.2.4 Configuring IP FRR on the Public Network......................................................................................................... 815
12.2.5 Configuring the ECMP Load Balancing Mode..................................................................................................... 817
12.2.6 Configuring the Advertisement of IPv4 ARP Vlink Direct Routes...................................................................... 817
12.3 Configuration Examples........................................................................................................................................... 819
12.3.1 Example for Configuring IP FRR on the Public Network.....................................................................................819

13 PBR Configuration.................................................................................................................. 824

13.1 Introduction to Policy-based Routing.......................................................................................................................825
13.2 Configuration Notes................................................................................................................................................. 825
13.3 Configuring PBR...................................................................................................................................................... 827
13.4 Configuring NQA for PBR.......................................................................................................................................830
13.5 Configuration Examples........................................................................................................................................... 834
13.5.1 Example for Configuring PBR Based on IP Addresses........................................................................................ 834
13.5.2 Example for Configuring PBR.............................................................................................................................. 838
13.5.3 Example for Configuring PBR to Import Traffic to the Firewall in Bypass Mode............................................... 842
13.5.4 Example for Configuring NQA for PBR............................................................................................................... 845
13.6 FAQ...........................................................................................................................................................................849
13.6.1 Do Huawei Fixed Switches Support PBR?........................................................................................................... 849
13.6.2 How Many PBR-based Routes Do Huawei Switches Support?............................................................................850

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13.7 References................................................................................................................................................................ 850

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