Omega Environmental Services, Inc
Occupational Health and Safety Training Program
OSHA 10-HOUR TRAINING
FOR CONSTRUCTION
Tools & Material Handling
Day 2
Hour 4
Tools Hand and Power
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
2
Hazards
Workers using hand and
power tools may be exposed
to these hazards:
objects that fall, fly, are
abrasive, or splash
harmful dusts, fumes, mists,
vapors, and gases
frayed or damaged electrical
cords, hazardous connections and
improper grounding
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
3
Basic Tool Safety Rules
Maintain regularly
Use right tool for the job
Inspect before use
Operate according to
manufacturers instructions
Use the right personal
protective equipment (PPE)
Use guards
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Hand Tool Hazards
Hazards are usually caused by misuse
and improper maintenance
Do not use:
wrenches when jaws are sprung
Crack
impact tools (chisels and wedges)
when heads have mushroomed
tools with loose, cracked or
splintered handles
a screwdriver as a chisel
tools with taped handles they may
be hiding cracks
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Hand Tools - Protection
Use PPE, such as safety
goggles and gloves
Keep floor surface where
working free from debris
and tripping or slipping
hazards
Keep cutting tools sharp
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Power Tools
Must be fitted with guards
and safety switches
Extremely hazardous when
used improperly
Different types,determined
by their power source:
Electric
Pneumatic
Liquid fuel
Hydraulic
Powder-actuated
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Switches
Hand-held power tools must be
equipped with one of the following:
Constant pressure switch
shuts off power upon release
Examples: circular saw, chain saw,
grinder, hand-held power drill
On-Off Switch
Examples: routers, planers,
laminate trimmers, shears, jig
saws, nibblers, scroll saws
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Power Tools - Precautions
Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing and
cleaning, and when changing accessories
Keep people not involved with the work away from the
work
Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands
to operate the tool
Dont hold the switch button while carrying a plugged-in
tool
Keep tools sharp and clean
Consider what you wear loose clothing and jewelry
can get caught in moving parts
Remove damaged electric tools & tag them: Do Not
Use
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Power Tools Precautions
Electric Cords
Dont carry portable
tools by the cord
Dont use electric cords
to hoist or lower tools
Dont yank cord or hose
to disconnect it
Keep cords and hoses
away from heat, oil, and
sharp edges
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Electric Power Tools
To protect a worker from shock, these tools must:
have a 3-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle
be double insulated, or
be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer
Double
insulated
markings
Plug with a
grounding
pin
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Electric Tools Good Practices
Operate within design limits
Use gloves and safety shoes
Store in a dry place
Dont use in wet locations unless
approved for that
Keep work areas well lit
Ensure cords dont present a
tripping hazard
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
12
Abrasive Wheels and Tools
May throw off flying fragments
Equip with guards that:
Cover the spindle end, nut, &
flange projections
Maintain proper alignment
with the wheel
Dont exceed the strength of
the fastenings
Guard so that a minimal amount
of the wheel is exposed
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Inspecting Abrasive Wheels
Before mounting:
inspect closely for damage
perform sound- or ring-test to
ensure free from cracks / defects
To test:
tap wheel gently with a light,
non-metallic instrument
if wheel sounds cracked or
dead, do not use it because it
could fly apart
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Abrasive Wheel Use
To prevent cracking:
fit the wheel on the spindle freely
tighten the spindle nut enough to
hold the wheel in place without
distorting the flange
Let the tool come up to speed
prior to grinding or cutting
Dont stand in front of the wheel
as it comes up to full speed
Ensure the spindle
Use eye and/or face protection speed doesnt exceed
the maximum speed
marked on the wheel
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Abrasive Wheel Work Rests
Keep work rests not more
than 1/8th inch from wheel
surface
This prevents jamming the
work between the wheel
and the rest, which may
cause the wheel to break
Dont adjust wheel while
its rotating
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Guarding
Guard exposed moving
parts of power tools
Guard belts, gears,
shafts, pulleys, sprockets,
spindles, flywheels,
chains, or other moving
parts
Never remove a guard
when a tool is in use
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Guarding - Point of Operation
This shows a
radial arm
saw equipped
with proper
point of
operation
guards
The point of operation is where the work is actually
performed on the materials it must be guarded
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Guarding Protection
Nip Point
Machine guards must protect the
operator and others from:
Point of operation
In-running nip points
Rotating parts
Flying chips and sparks
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Radial Saw Guarding
Radial arm saw
equipped with an
upper and lower
blade guard
Guard to prevent the operator from coming
in contact the the rotating blade
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Guarding Portable Circular Saws
Guard these saws above and below the base plate or shoe.
The lower guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth.
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Table Saw Guarding
Hood guard
Use a hood for guarding
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Pneumatic Tools
Powered by compressed air
Includes nailers, staplers,
chippers, drills & sanders
Main hazard - getting hit by a Nail Gun -
tool attachment or by a
fastener the worker is using Cut-Away View
with the tool
Take the same precautions
with an air hose that you take
with electric cords
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Pneumatic Tools - Fastening
Ensure tool is fastened
securely to the air hose to
prevent a disconnection
Use a short wire or positive
locking device attaching the
air hose to the tool
Wire used to secure hose
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Pneumatic Tool Connections
Hose Unacceptable
clamp
Acceptable
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Pneumatic Tool Safety
Place a safety device on the
muzzle to prevent the tool
from ejecting fasteners, unless
the muzzle is in contact with
work surface
Install a safety clip or retainer
to prevent attachments, such
as chisels on a chipping
hammer, from being ejected
Wear eye protection. Wear Muzzle in contact
hearing protection with with work surface
jackhammers.
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Compressed Air Cleaning
Dont use compressed
air for cleaning
Exception - where
reduced to less than 30
p.s.i. with effective chip
guarding and PPE
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Liquid Fuel Tools
Usually gas powered
Main hazard fuel vapors
Use only approved flammable
liquid containers
Before refilling a fuel-powered
tool tank, shut down the
engine and allow it to cool
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
28
Powder-Actuated Tools
User must be trained and
licensed to operate
Test tool each day before
loading to ensure the safety
devices are working properly
Wear suitable ear, eye, and face
protection
Select a powder level that will
do the work without excessive
force
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
29
Fatal Fact
Employee killed when
struck in head by a nail
fired from a powder
actuated tool.
Tool operator was
attempting to anchor a
plywood form in
preparation for pouring a
concrete wall
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Easily Penetrated Material
Avoid driving into materials easily penetrated unless
materials are backed by a substance that will prevent the
pin or fastener from passing through
Also, dont drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material
that might chip or splatter, or make the fasteners ricochet
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Powder-Actuated Tool Safety Tips
Dont use in explosive or flammable atmosphere
Inspect tool before use to ensure:
it is clean,
that moving parts operate freely
the barrel is free from obstructions and has the
proper shield, guard, and attachments
Dont load the tool unless using immediately
Dont leave a loaded tool unattended
Keep hands clear of the barrel end
Never point the tool at anyone
Store unloaded in a locked box
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Jacks
To set up a jack, ensure:
The base is on a firm, level
surface
Its centered
The jack head is placed
against a level surface
You apply the lift force evenly
Lubricate and inspect jacks
regularly
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Jacks - Capacity
The manufacturer's
rated capacity must be
marked on all jacks
and must not be
exceeded
All jacks must have a
stop indicator that is
not exceeded
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Jacks - Blocking
Immediately block the load
after it is lifted. Put a block
under the base of the jack
when the foundation is not
firm, and place a block
between the jack cap and
load if the cap might slip.
Photo - handyman jack is
provided a firm base by
using the railroad tie.
The load is cribbed to
prevent it from falling.
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Materials Handling, Storage,
Use, and Disposal
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Overview -- Handling and
Storing Materials
Involves diverse operations:
Manual material handling
Carrying bags or materials
Unpacking materials
Material handling via machine
Forklift
Crane
Rigging
Stacking or storing drums, barrels, kegs, lumber,
loose bricks or other materials
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Injuries
Lifting objects is a major
cause of back injuries in
the work place
Improper storing and
handling of material and
equipment can cause
struck by and crushed by
injuries
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Hazards
Improper manual lifting or
carrying loads that are too
large or heavy
Being struck by materials or
being caught in pinch points
Crushed by machines, falling
materials or improperly stored
materials
Incorrectly cutting ties or
securing devices
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Manual Handling
Seek help:
When a load is too bulky to
properly grasp or lift
When you cant see around or over
the load
When you cant safely handle the
load
Attach handles to loads to reduce the
chances of getting fingers smashed.
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Safe Lifting
Break load into parts
Get help with heavy or bulky items
Lift with legs, keep back straight, do
not twist
Use handling aids - such as steps,
trestles, shoulder pads, handles, and
wheels
Avoid lifting above shoulder level
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Safe Lifting Training
What should be taught:
How to lift safely
How to avoid unnecessary
physical stress and strain
What you can comfortably
handle without undue strain
Proper use of equipment
Recognizing potential hazards
and how to prevent / correct
them
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Personal Protective Equipment
For loads with sharp or rough
edges, wear gloves or other
hand and forearm protection
When loads are heavy or bulky,
wear steel-toed safety shoes to
prevent foot injuries if the load
is dropped
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
43
Materials Handling Equipment
Employees must be
trained in the proper
use and limitations of
the equipment they
operate
This includes knowing
how to effectively use
equipment such as
forklifts, cranes,
and slings
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Forklifts
Center the load on the forks and as
close to the mast as possible to
minimize the potential for the truck
tipping or load falling
Overloading a lift truck makes it hard to
control and could make it tip over
Place the load at the lowest position for
traveling
Dont place extra weight on the rear of a
counterbalanced forklift to allow an
overload
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Operating a Forklift Safely
Keep arms and legs inside the truck
Handle only stable loads
Keep speed low - you may have to stop
Be careful when making sharp turns
with a raised load
If a load blocks your view, travel in reverse
No riders, unless theres an approved seat
Dont drive with forks raised
Wear safety belts or other restraint devices
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
46
Powered Industrial Truck Training
Truck-related topics
Workplace-related topics
Standard requirements
Trainees must be supervised
by a competent person and not
endanger others
Formal instruction
Practical training
Evaluation of performance
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Dock Boards (Bridge plates)
Dock boards must
have handholds, or
other effective means
for safe handling.
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Earthmoving Equipment
Scrapers, loaders, crawler
or wheel tractors,
bulldozers, off-highway
trucks, graders, tractors
Provide seat belts
Equipment with an
obstructed rear view cant
be used in reverse unless
the equipment has a
signal alarm
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Cranes
Check the load chart in the cab
Frequently inspect
Never lift people
Check overhead power lines
Ensure area of travel is clear
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Rigging Equipment Slings
Types of slings covered are those made from alloy
steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or
synthetic fiber rope, and synthetic web.
Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Sling Inspection
Inspect slings:
Each day before use
Where service conditions
warrant
Remove them from service if
damaged or defective
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Remove From Service
Immediately remove damaged or
defective slings from service
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Alloy Steel Chains
Adapts to shape of the load
Can damage by sudden
shocks
Best choice for hoisting
very hot materials
Must have an affixed tag
stating size, grade, rated
capacity, and sling
manufacturer
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Markings
Alloy Steel Chain
It must be marked with grade or manufacturer's
mark
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Alloy Steel Chain Attachments
Rated Capacity
Hooks, rings, oblong
links, or other
attachments, when
used with alloy steel
chains, must have a
rated capacity at least
equal to that of the
chain
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Unsuitable Alloy Steel Chain
Attachments
Right Wrong
Job or shop hooks and links, or makeshift
fasteners, formed from bolts, rods, etc., or
other such attachments, cant be used
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Chain Wear
When a chain shows
excessive wear, or is
cracked or pitted,
remove it from service
Non-alloy repair links
can not be used
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Wire Rope Slings
Used to hoist materials
Wire
Core
Selection considerations:
Center
strength
ability to bend without cracking
ability to withstand abrasive Strand
wear
Wire
ability to withstand abuse rope
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Wire Rope Slings
Eye Splices
Eye splices made in any wire rope
must have at least three full tucks
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Protruding Ends
Cover or blunt protruding ends of strands
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Wire Rope Clips
When using U-bolt
wire rope clips to
form eyes, ensure
the "U" section is in
contact with the
dead end of the
Dead End
rope
This is the correct method
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Lubrication
Regularly lubricate ropes and chains
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Wire Rope Slings
Remove From Service
If these happen, remove the wire rope sling from
service
Bird Caging Kinking
Crushing
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Synthetic Web Sling
Markings
Mark or code to show:
Name or trademark of
manufacturer
Rated capacities for
the type of hitch
Type of material
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Synthetic Web Slings
Fittings
Fittings must be:
At least as strong as
that of the sling
Free of sharp edges
that could damage
the webbing
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Synthetic Web Sling
Stitching
Stitching
Stitching is the only method allowed to attach end
fittings to webbing, or to form eyes
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Synthetic Web Slings -
Remove from Service
Remove from service if any
of these are present:
Acid or caustic burns
Melting or charring of any
part
Snags, punctures, tears or
cuts
Broken or worn stitches
Heat Damage
Distortion of fittings
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Storing Materials
Secure materials stored in tiers
by stacking, racking, blocking,
or interlocking to prevent
them from falling
Post safe load limits of floors
Keep aisles and passageways
clear
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Storing Materials
Dont store noncompatible
materials together
In buildings under
construction, dont place
stored materials within 6 feet
of a hoistway or floor opening
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Fall Protection
Employees who work
on stored materials in
silos, hoppers, or
tanks, must be
equipped with lifelines
and harnesses
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Brick Storage
Stack bricks in a manner
that will keep them from
falling
Do not stack them more
than 7 feet high
Taper back a loose brick
stack after it is 4 feet high
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Lumber
Remove nails before
stacking
Stack on sills
Stack lumber so that it is
stable and self supporting
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Housekeeping
Keep storage areas free from accumulated materials
that cause tripping, fires, or explosions, or that may
contribute to harboring rats and pests
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Disposal of Waste Materials
Use an enclosed chute
when you drop material
more than 20 feet
outside of a building
If you drop debris
through holes in the floor
without chutes, enclose
the drop area with
barricades
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Disposal of Scrap and
Flammable Materials
Remove all scrap lumber, waste
material, and rubbish from the
immediate work area as work
progresses
Keep all solvent waste, oily rags,
and flammable liquids in fire
resistant covered containers until
removed from worksite
Omega Environmental Services, Inc.
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Disposal of Demolition Materials
Removal of materials through floor openings
Openings must be less
than 25 percent of the
whole floor
Floors weakened or made
unsafe by demolition must
be shored so they can
safely carry the demolition
load
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