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Basic Grammar

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

626 views

Basic Grammar

english

Uploaded by

Siva Kumar Mathan

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Be good and do good

SPELLING RULES

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6
eat eats eating ate eaten to eat
fall falls falling fell fallen to fall

go goes going went gone to go

do does doing did done to do

catch catches catching caught caught to catch

brush brushes brushing brushed brushed to brush

fly flies flying flew flown to fly

cry cries crying cried cried to cry
dry dries drying dried dried dried

run runs running ran run to run

cut cuts cutting cut cut to cut
put puts putting put put to put

s es y ies
run + .... .... .... runs
fall + .... .... .... falls
go .... + .... .... goes
catch .... + .... .... catches
bus .... + .... .... buses
fly .... .... - + flies

work + ing = working

run + n + ing = running
make - e + ing = making
clap + p + ed = clapped

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 01

An old broom knows the corners of the house

V1 V4 V5 V1 V4 V5
be was/were been deal dealt dealt

bear bore born dig dug dug

beat beat beaten do did done

become became become draw drew drawn

begin began begun drink drank drunk

bend bent bent drive drove driven

bind bound bound eat ate eaten

bite bit bitten fall fell fallen

bleed bled bled feed fed fed

blow blew blown feel felt felt

break broke broken fight fought fought

breed bred bred find found found

bring brought brought flee fled fled

build built built fling flung flung

burst burst burst fly flew flown

buy bought bought forbid forbade forbidden

cast cast cast forecast forecast forecast

catch caught caught forget forgot forgotten

choose chose chosen forgive forgave forgiven

cling clung clung forsake forsook forsaken

come came come freeze froze frozen

cost cost cost get got got

creep crept crept give gave given

cut cut cut go went gone

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 02

You learn from your mistakes

grind ground ground

rid rid rid
grow grew grown
ride rode ridden
hang hung hung
ring rang rung
have had had
rise rose risen
hear heard heard
run ran run
hide hid hidden
say said said
hit hit hit
see saw seen
hold held held
shrink shrank
hurt hurt hurt
or shrunk shrunk
keep kept kept
shut shut shut
kneel knelt knelt
sing sang sung
know knew known
sink sank sunk
lay laid laid
sit sat sat
lead led led
sleep slept slept
leave left left
slide slid slid
lend lent lent
sling slung slung
let let let
slink slunk slunk
lie lay lain
slit slit slit
lose lost lost
speak spoke spoken
make made made
speed sped sped
mean meant meant
spend spent spent
meet met met
shed shed shed
mistake mistook mistaken
shine shone shone
partake partook partaken
shoe shod shod
pay paid paid
shoot shot shot
put put put
show showed shown
read read read
English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 03
Money doesnt buy happiness

tear tore torn

tell told told
think thought thought
thrive throve thriven
throw threw thrown
thrust thrust thrust
tread trod trodden
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
weave wove woven
weep wept wept
win won won
wind wound wound
wring wrung wrung
write wrote written

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 04

Silence is golden, speech is silver
THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH VERB TENSES
The Uses of the English Tenses
Type of Tense Type of Action Expressed
Simple - actions occurring at regular intervals
- general truths, or situations existing for a period of time
- non-continuous actions
Continuous - continuous, ongoing actions

Perfect - non-continuous actions completed before a certain time

Perfect Continuous- continuous, ongoing actions completed before a certain time

The Formation of the Indicative Mood of the Active Voice

Tense Auxiliary Verb form Verb
FSimple Present do/does bare infinitive
Present Continuous am/is/are present participle
Present Perfect have/has past participle
Present Perfect Continuous have/has been present participle

Simple Past did bare infinitive

Past Continuous was/were present participle
Past Perfect had past participle
Past Perfect Continuous had been present participle

Simple Future will (shall) bare infinitive

Future Continuous will (shall) be present participle
Future Perfect will (shall) have past participle
Future Perfect Continuous will (shall) have been present participle

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 05

Dont put off till tomorrow, what you can do today

Simple Past: showed

Past Participle: shown
Simple Present Simple Past Simple future
I show I showed I will show
You show You showed You will show
He shows He showed He will show
She shows She showed She will show
It shows It showed It will show
We show We showed We will show
They show They showed They will show
Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous
I am showing I was showing I will be showing
You are showing You were showing You will be showing
He is showing He was showing He will be showing
She is showing She was showing She will be showing
It is showing It was showing It will be showing
We are showing We were showing We will be showing
They are showing They were showing They will be showing
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future perfect
I have shown I had shown I will have shown
You have shown You had shown You will have shown
He has shown He had shown He will have shown
She has shown She had shown She will have shown
It has shown It had shown It will have shown
We have shown We had shown We will have shown
They have shown They had shown They will have shown

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 06

Too many cooks spoil the broth
Present Perfect Con Past Perfect Con Future Per fect Cont
I have been showing I had been showing I will have been showing
You have been showing You had been showing You will have been showing
He has been showing He had been showing I will have been showing
She has been showing She had been showing She will have been showing
It has been showing It had been showing It will have been showing
Wehave been showing We had been showing We will have been showing
They have been showing They had been showing They will have been showing

EXERCISES ON BE VERB

1. Change the following pairs of words into sentences, using the correct forms of
the Simple Present of the verb to be.
For example:
I, cautious they, friendly
I am cautious. They are friendly.

1. you, careful............................... 6. she, clever ...............................

2. it, warm ................................. 7. we, ready ...............................
3. he, here ................................. 8. you, reckless ...............................
4. we, bold ................................. 9. I, shy ...............................
5. they, careless............................. 10. they, polite ...............................

2. Change the affirmative statements resulting from Exercise 1 into questions.

For example:
I am cautious. They are friendly.
Am I cautious? Are they friendly?

3. Change the affirmative statements resulting from Exercise 1 into negative state-
ments.
For example:
I am cautious. They are friendly.
I am not cautious. They are not friendly.

4. Change the affirmative statements resulting from Exercise 1 into negative ques-
tions. Except where the subject of the verb is I, write both the form without
contractions and the form with contractions.
For example:
I am cautious. They are friendly.
Am I not cautious? Are they not friendly?
Aren't they friendly?

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 07

A book holds a house of gold

5. Add negative tag questions to the ends of the affirmative statements resulting
from Exercise 1. Except where the subject of the verb is I, use contractions for
the tag questions.
For example:
I am cautious. They are friendly.
I am cautious, am I not? They are friendly, aren't they?

6. Using the Simple Present of the verb to be, and making sure that the word
order is correct, form the following groups of words into grammatically correct
statements or questions. If the symbol ? is present, form the words into a ques-
tion. If the word not is present, form the words into a negative statement or
negative question. Do not use contractions in this exercise.
For example:
it, brown you, ?, excited
It is brown. Are you excited?

I, satisfied, not not, ?, they, ready

I am not satisfied. Are they not ready?

1. you, ?, hungry ...........................................................

2. we, ?, not, correct ...........................................................
3. he, ?, happy ...........................................................
4. not, ?, it, cold ...........................................................
5. she, here ...........................................................
6. I, early, ? ...........................................................
7. they, wrong, not ...........................................................
8. you, ?, comfortable ...........................................................
9. they, ?, not, strong ...........................................................
10. not, ?, I, fortunate ...........................................................

Note:

Practise all the sentences in the past and the future tenses

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 08

Honest work never hurt

Multiple Choice Questions

Ring the correct answer.

1. You _____ at work. am is are be
2. We _____ in the office. am is are be
3. I _____ in a meeting. am is are be
4. The student _____ on the phone. am is are be
5. Where __________? you from are are from you
are you from you are from
6. __________ from this town? Is she Be she She is

7. __________ from this city? They are Are they They is

Is they
8. Bob and Karen __________ from is not not be are not
this country.
9. Ms. Smith __________ in a meeting. not is isnt is not

10.You and I __________ at work. am not is not are not

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 09

Blood is thicker than water
EXERCISES ON SIMPLE PRESENT

1. Using the Simple Present tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the
verbs shown in brackets. For example:
I ______ to the radio. (to listen) He _______ to the radio. (to listen)
I listen to the radio. He listens to the radio.

1. She __________ the guitar. (to play)

2. We __________ soccer. (to play)
3. They _________ to talk. (to like)
4. He __________ ice cream. (to like)
5. You _________ your friends often. (to call)
6. He _________ the office every day. (to call)
7. She __________ regularly. (to practise)
8. They __________ once a week. (to practise)
9. We __________ here. (to shop)
10. It __________ delicious. (to taste)

2. Using the Simple Present tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the
verb to have. For example:
I ____ a pen. He ___ two pencils.
I have a pen. He has two pencils.

1. I _ many books. 2. You _ an apartment.

3. He _______ a bicycle. 4. We _______ fun.
5. They _______ two sleds. 6. She _______ milk in her tea.
7. I _______ a warm sweater. 8. We _______ breakfast at eight o'clock.
9. He _______ an alarm clock. 10. They ________ a sense of humor.

3. Paying attention to which verbs change their spelling before adding s in the
third person singular, fill in the blanks with the Simple Present of the verbs shown
in brackets. For example:
He always _______ promptly. (to reply) She _____ little. (to say)
He always replies promptly. She says little.

They _____ bridge once a week. (to play)

They play bridge once a week.

1. He __________ it. (to deny)

2. They __________ to be on time. (to try)
3. It _________ to be careful. (to pay)
4. She __________ hard. (to study)
5. You __________ good manners. (to display)

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 10

Haste makes waste

6. He always __________ himself. (to enjoy)

7. She __________ to Ireland once a year. (to fly)
8. We __________ five people. (to employ)
9. He __________ his friends. (to accompany)
10. She __________ chocolate chip cookies every week. (to buy)
Answers
4. Paying attention to which verbs take s and which take es in the third
person singular, fill in the blanks with the Simple Present of the verbs shown in
brackets. For example:
He ____ everywhere on foot. (to go)
He goes everywhere on foot.

It _____ surprising. (to seem)

It seems surprising.

They _____ skiing. (to teach)

They teach skiing.

1. She __________ a great deal of work. (to do)

2. He __________ television every evening. (to watch)
3. She __________ a horse. (to own)
4. We __________ the dishes every night. (to do)
5. She __________ she had a pair of skates. (to wish)
6. He _________ us to call him. (to want)
7. She __________ she made a mistake. (to confess)
8. He usually __________ the truth. (to tell)
9. They __________ apples to make cider. (to press)
10. It __________ out easily. (to wash)

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 11

Misfortune seldom comes alone / bad luck comes in threes

5. For each of the following verbs, underline the letter or letters representing the
sound preceding the es ending, and then indicate the number of syllables in the
verb. For example:
wishes __
wishes 2
1. watches __ 2. teases __ 3. likes __
laces __ 4. rushes __ 5. faces __ 6. dines __
laces 2 7. misses __ 8. tames __ 9. scares __
takes __
takes 1

6. Change the following affirmative statements into questions.For example:

She walks to work. They take the bus.
Does she walk to work? Do they take the bus?

1. I hurry home. ...................................................

2. He drives a truck. ...................................................
3. You follow the news. ...................................................
4. They want a pet. ...................................................
5. She likes flowers. ...................................................
6. We need tea. ...................................................
7. She goes to school ...................................................
8. He drinks coffee. ...................................................
9. I learn quickly. ...................................................
10. It rains heavily. ...................................................

7. Change the affirmative statements given in Exercise 6 into negative statements.

For example:
She walks to work. They take the bus.
She does not walk to work. They do not take the bus.
1. I hurry home. ...................................................
2. He drives a truck. ...................................................
3. You follow the news. ...................................................
4. They want a pet. ...................................................
5. She likes flowers. ...................................................
6. We need tea. ...................................................
7. She goes to school ...................................................
8. He drinks coffee. ...................................................
9. I learn quickly. ...................................................
10. It rains heavily. ...................................................

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 12

There is strength in unity
Multiple Choice Questions
1. I _____ work at 8:30. My colleague _____ work at 9:00.
start / start starts / start
start / starts starts / starts
2. Janet _____ questions in meetings. You never _____ questions.
answer / answer answers / answer
answer / answers answers / answers
3. We usually _____ coffee. They usually _____ tea.
drink / drink drinks / drink
drink / drinks drinks / drinks
4. He _____ data in the mornings. She _____ data in the afternoons.
enter / enter enters / enter
enter / enters enters / enters
5. My boss _____ many presentations. I _____ few presentations.
make / make makes / make
make / makes makes / makes
6. Some companies _____ many faxes. Our company _____ few faxes.
send / send sends/ send
send / sends sends/ sends
7. They _____ many proposals. We _____ few proposals.
write / write writes / write
write / writes writes / writes
8. This team _____ many breaks. Those teams _____ few breaks.
take / take takes / take
take / takes takes / takes
9. I _____ on the phone every day. Larry and Frank _____ on the phone every
hour.
talk / talk talks / talk
talk / talks talks / talks

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 13

Work before pleasure
Multiple Choice Questions
1. This company __________ software.
dont design dont designs
doesnt designs doesnt design
2. We __________ programs.
dont develop dont develops
doesnt develops doesnt develop
3. They __________ their service.
dont improve dont improves
doesnt improves doesnt improve
4. You __________ at a conference.
dont exhibit dont exhibits
doesnt exhibits doesnt exhibit
5. She __________ her products regularly.
dont promote dont promotes
doesnt promotes doesnt promote
6. Those companies __________ on TV.
dont advertise dont advertises
doesnt advertises doesnt advertise
7. Our competitor __________ products in the USA.
dont build dont builds
doesnt builds doesnt build
8. I __________ the test phase.
dont analyze dont analyzes
doesnt analyzes doesnt analyze
9. This product __________ color every year.
dont change dont changes doesnt changes doesnt change

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 14

A friend in need is a friend indeed
Multiple Choice Questions
1. __________ candidates every day?
Evaluate you Evaluates you
Do you evaluate Does you evaluate
2. __________ someone a job usually?
Offer they Offers they
Do they offer Does they offer
3. __________ job requirements well?
Describe James Describes James
Do James describe Does James describe
4. __________ new applicants regularly?
Consider we Considers we
Do we consider Does we consider
5. __________ job offers regularly?
Decline applicants Declines applicants
Do applicants decline Does applicants decline
6. __________ resumes on file?
Keep the department Keeps the department
Do the department keep Does the department keep
7. __________ interviews himself?
Conduct Mr. Kemp Conducts Mr. Kemp
Do Mr. Kemp conduct Does Mr. Kemp conduct
8. __________ positions yearly?
Change employees Changes employees
Do employees change Does employees change
9. __________ vacancies often?
Have your company Has your company
Do your company has Does your company have
English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 15
Lazybones take all day to get started

8. Change the affirmative statements given in Exercise 6 into negative ques-

tions. Give both the forms without contractions, and the forms with contrac-
tions. For example:
She walks to work. They take the bus.
Does she not walk to work? Do they not take the bus?
Doesn't she walk to work? Don't they take the bus?

9. Add negative tag questions to the affirmative statements given in Exercise 6.

Use contractions for the tag questions. For example:
She walks to work. They take the bus.
She walks to work, doesn't she? They take the bus, don't they?

EXERCISES ON SIMPLE PAST

1. Using the Simple Past tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the
verb to be. For example:
I ___ calm. You ____ right.
I was calm. You were right.

1. He happy. 2. We _ students.

3. They ________ ambitious. 4. You _________ clever.
5. It _________ hot. 6. I _________ busy.
7. We _________ patient. 8. She _________ eleven years old.
9. They ________ intelligent. 10. He _________ in a hurry.

2. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements,

negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions,
and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions. For example:
You were on time. Were you on time?
You were not on time. Were you not on time?
Weren't you on time? You were on time, weren't you?

It was warm enough. Was it warm enough?

It was not warm enough. Was it not warm enough?
Wasn't it warm enough? It was warm enough, wasn't it?

1. I was late. 3. He was an artist.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 16

Theres no place like home

3. Paying attention to the correct spelling, fill in the blanks with the Simple Past
of the regular verbs shown in brackets. For example:
It _______ raining. (to stop) I _________ myself. (to disguise)
It stopped raining. I disguised myself.
1. She _____________ through the book. (to flip)
2. We _____________ the traffic. (to watch)
3. You _____________ the flowers carefully. (to arrange)
4. He _____________ about his success. (to brag)
5. They _____________ sightseeing. (to enjoy)
6. He _____________ us with pencils. (to supply)
7. I _____________ the child. (to reassure)
8. We _____________ for them. (to wait)
9. They _____________ the books overseas. (to ship)
10. She ____________ too much. (to worry)

4. Referring to the table of English irregular verbs if necessary, fill in the blanks
with the Simple Past tense of the irregular verbs shown in brackets. For example:
They _____ a song. (to write) We _____ the floor. (to sweep)
They wrote a song. We swept the floor.
1. She ____________ the dishes. (to do)
2. They ___________ for a walk. (to go)
3. He __________ his time. (to take)
4. I ___________ the beds. (to make)
5. They ___________ to catch the bus. (to run)
6. She ___________ up quickly. (to get)
7. You ___________ the coffee. (to drink)
8. We ___________ soundly. (to sleep)
9. He ___________ his books. (to forget)
10. I ___________ the house. (to leave)
5. Paying attention to the correct forms of the bare infinitives, change the fol-
lowing affirmative statements into questions. For example:

He lifted the suitcase. I paid the rent.

Did he lift the suitcase? Did I pay the rent?

1. She hurried to school. ........................................................

2. They carried the parcels. ........................................................
3. You closed the door. ........................................................
4. I plugged in the lamp. ........................................................
5. They planned the party. ........................................................
6. We taught the class. ........................................................
7. She told a story. ........................................................

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 17

Money ruins character
6. Paying attention to the correct forms of the bare infinitives, change the fol-
lowing affirmative statements into negative statements. For example:
I scanned the newspaper. They flew to Toronto.
I did not scan the newspaper. They did not fly to Toronto.

1. We enjoyed ourselves. .................................................

2. She pinned on the brooch. .................................................
3. I fanned myself. .................................................
4. They emptied their pockets. .................................................
5. You replied at once. .................................................
6. He went to work. .................................................
7. We swam across the river. .................................................
8. They took the bus. .................................................
9. I shut the windows. .................................................
10. You ran fast. .................................................

7. Paying attention to the correct forms of the bare infinitives, change the follow-
ing affirmative statements into negative questions. Give both the forms without
contractions and the forms with contractions. For example:
You walked quickly. He burst the balloon.
Did you not walk quickly? Did he not burst the balloon?
Didn't you walk quickly? Didn't he burst the balloon?

1. You watched the game. .................................. ....................................

2. I climbed the ladder. .................................. ....................................
3. We pleased the visitors. .................................. ....................................
4. They canned the peaches................................... ....................................
5. He received the letter. .................................. ....................................
6. You saw the fireworks. .................................. ....................................
7. It cost five dollars. .................................. ....................................
8. She hit the ball. .................................. ....................................
9. He did his homework. .................................. ....................................
10. They cut the ribbon. .................................. ....................................

8. Rewrite the following sentences, changing the underlined verbs from the Simple
Past to the form with used followed by the infinitive. For example:
They took the bus. She traveled every year.
They used to take the bus. She used to travel every year.
1. It snowed heavily. .................................................
2. I came often. .................................................
3. We were neighbors. .................................................
4. He wrote many letters. .................................................
5. They walked to work. .................................................
English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 18
Barking dogs dont bite

EXERCISES ON FUTURE TENSES

1. Using either the auxiliary shall or the auxiliary will for the first person, fill in
the blanks with the Simple Future of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:

I _. (to agree) You __ the results. (to publish)

I shall agree or I will agree. You will publish the results.

1. We ___________. (to succeed)

2. They _________________ the site. (to excavate)
3. He _________________ the situation. (to study)
4. We _________________. (to hurry)
5. I _________________ soon. (to follow)
6. It _________________ a surprise. (to be)
7. He _________________ us. (to remind)
8. She _________________ tomorrow. (to depart)
9. I _________________ here. (to remain)
10. They __________________ university. (to enter)

2. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative state-

ments, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with con-
tractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions. For
example:
She will notice us.
Will she notice us?
She will not notice us.
Will she not notice us?
Won't she notice us?
She will notice us, won't she?

1. You will wash the windows. 3. She will help you

.................................................. ..................................................
.................................................. ..................................................
.................................................. ..................................................
.................................................. ..................................................
.................................................. ..................................................
2. They will help you. 4. We will buy a car
.................................................. ..................................................
.................................................. ..................................................
.................................................. ..................................................
.................................................. ..................................................
.................................................. ..................................................

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 19

To err is human; to forgive, divine
3. Using either the auxiliary shall or the auxiliary will for the first person, fill in
the blanks with the Simple Future of the verbs shown in brackets. Use shall in the
first person for questions in which a request for permission is implied. For ex-
am p l e:
I ________ out soon. (to go) _____ we _____ now? (to leave)
I shall go out soon. or I will go out soon. Shall we leave now?

____ they _____ France? (to visit) It ____ not ____ long. (to take)
Will they visit France? It will not take long.

1. We _________________ you at the museum. (to meet)

2. _______ you _______ me a pen? (to lend)
3. _______ they not _______ the competition? (to win)
4. She _______ not ___________ to come. (to forget)
5. _______ he not _______ the boat? (to sail)
6. You _________________ the expedition. (to enjoy)
7. _______ I ________ this? (to order)
8. _______ you not _______ for me? (to wait)
9. We _______ not _______ late. (to be)
10. He ________________ us the news. (to send)
11. I ______ not _______ my way. (to lose)
12. _______ they __________ the program? (to watch)

4. Using the Simple conjugation which expresses determination and compulsion,

fill in the blanks with the verbs shown in brackets. For example:
We _________ the exam. (to pass)
We will pass the exam.

You ____________ the work on time. (to finish)

You shall finish the work on time.

1. They ________________ the tickets. (to buy)

2. I _________________ home. (to go)
3. He _________________ our guide. (to be)
4. You _________________ with me. (to come)
5. I ________________ it. (to remember)
6. She ________________ us. (to call)
7. We ________________ the money. (to earn)
8. They _________________ us. (to respect)
9. I ________________ you. (to help)
10. It _______ not __________ us. (to hinder)
11. We ________________ it. (to find)
12. You ________ not __________ it. (to regret)
English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 20
You make your own happiness

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. Use the verb to go: On our next business trip we............ to Chicago.
2. Use the verb to travel: Next month my boss............................ to Russia.
3. Use the verb to stay: Next week we................... at the Sheraton hotel.
4. Use the verb to fly: Tomorrow my colleague.................. toNew York.
5. Use the verb to visit: Tom our headquarters.......................... next week.
6. Use the verb to drive: On our next business trip we............. to our
destination.
7. Use the verb to take: Next Tuesday I...................... the train to Boston.
8. Use the verb to reserve: In the morning I.............. a hotel room in Seattle.
9. Use the verb to return: My colleague and I............. from our business trip
on Tuesday.
10. Use the verb to depart: Our team.................................for Tokyo next week

Please use the negative of the following verbs.

1.retire: My boss..........................................................................next year.
2. work: My colleague..................................................... after retiring.
3. offer: Our company.................................... early retirement after next month..
4. discuss: At the next meeting we...................................... retirement benefits.
5. have: Next month their group.................................... as many people as now.
6. give: Next year this company....................... employees golden handshakes.
7. leave: We.................................................................... this company soon.
8. move: .............................................My colleague to Florida when she retires.
9. complete: ...............................Sam and Helen this project before they retire.
10. play: My spouse and I ..................................................Bingo when we retire.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 21

There are two sides to everything

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. Please make a question with you and the verb to buy:

......................................................a new computer next year?
2. Please make a question with we and the verb to download:
.....................................................a new program tomorrow?
3. Please make a question with he and the verb to update:
......................................................the software next week?
4. Please make a question with they and the verb to start:
......................................................their computers tomorrow morning?
5. Please make a question with the computer and the verb to crash:
......................................................tomorrow?
6. Please make a question with you and the verb to work:
......................................................with computers in the future?
7. Please make a question with we and the verb to need:
......................................................a new computer soon?
8. Please make a question with this program and the verb to require:
......................................................more memory in the future?
9. Please make a question with this software and the verb to be:
......................................................out-of-date next year?
10. Please make a question with you and the verb to write:
......................................................a new software program soon?

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 22

Silence gives consent

5. The following sentences refer to future events. Complete each sentence by

filling in the blank with the correct form of the Present Continuous tense of to go,
followed by the infinitive of the verb shown in brackets. For example:
She _________________ swimming. (to teach)
She is going to teach swimming.

_ we ___________ home? (to walk)

Are we going to walk home?

He not ___________ us. (to find)

He is not going to find us.

1. he ______________ horseback riding? (to learn)

2. I __________________________ the windows. (to wash)
3. ______ you ____________________ with us? (to come)
4. It ______ not ____________________ cold tonight. (to be)
5. ______ he not ____________________ the letter? (to answer)
6. We _________________________ to the library. (to go)
7. ______ she ____________________ a sweater? (to buy)
8. ______ you not ___________________ us? (to call)
9. I ______ not ____________________ late. (to stay)
10. They ________________________ supper. (to cook)
6. Using either the auxiliary shall or the auxiliary will for the first person, fill in
the blanks with the Future Continuous of the verbs shown in brackets. For ex-
ample:
We _______________ you tomorrow. (to see)
We shall be seeing you tomorrow. or We will be seeing you tomorrow.

He _________________ school next year. (to attend)

He will be attending school next year.
1. You _____________________ with us. (to come)
2. It _____________________ warmer. (to grow)
3. They ____________________ new furniture. (to buy)
4. She _____________________ the clock. (to watch)
5. I ____________________ downtown. (to go)
6. You _____________________ the cake. (to cut)
7. They ____________________ the newspaper. (to read)
8. We __________________ the museum. (to visit)

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 23

Clothes make the man

7. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements,

negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions,
and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions. For example:
They will be serving the dessert.
Will they be serving the dessert?
They will not be serving the dessert.
Will they not be serving the dessert?
Won't they be serving the dessert?
They will be serving the dessert, won't they?

1. He will be needing this. 2. They will be living here.

8. Using either the auxiliary shall or the auxiliary will for the first person, fill in
the blanks with the Future Continuous of the verbs shown in brackets. For ex-
ample:
I ________________ soon. (to leave)
I shall be leaving soon. or I will be leaving soon.

you _____ coffee? (to make)

Will you be making coffee?

He not ____ the bus. (to use)

He will not be using the bus.

1. He _____________________ a new language. (to learn)

2. ______ she ___________________ help? (to need)
3. ______ you not __________________ your jacket? (to mend)
4. He ______ not ___________________ here. (to stay)
5. ______ we not ___________________ them a card? (to mail)
6. They __________________________ the telephone. (to answer)
7. ______ you ___________________ downtown? (to go)
8. I _____ not __________________ at the school. (to stop)
9. ______ she not ___________________ a trip? (to plan)
10. I ___________________________ the arrangements. (to make)
11. They ______ not __________________ tired. (to feel)
12. ______ we ___________________ at the library? (to meet)

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 24

Time will tell

9. Using either the auxiliary shall or the auxiliary will for the first person, fill in
the blanks with the Future Perfect of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:
She _________________ by then. (to arrive)
She will have arrived by then.

We ______________ everyone. (to meet)

We shall have met everyone or We will have met everyone.

1. You ________________________ the advertisement. (to study)

2. He _________________________ the newspapers. (to scan)
3. I _________________________ here for five years. (to be)
4. They ________________________ the proposal. (to consider)
5. It ________________________ raining by tomorrow. (to stop)
6. You _______________________ your plans. (to make)
7. I _______________________ the flowers. (to pick)
8. They ________________________ their minds. (to change)

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 25

Idleness is the beginning of all sin

EXERCISES ON PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Using the Present Continuous tense, fill in the blanks with the correct
forms of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:
He _________ hard. (to work)
He is working hard.

We ____________ anxious. (to feel)

We are feeling anxious.

1. I _______________ the questions. (to answer)

2. You ________________ boots. (to wear)
3. We ______________ for work. (to look)
4. She ______________ her friend. (to call)
5. He _______________ a house. (to build)
6. They _______________ supper. (to cook)
7. We ______________ a story. (to tell)
8. You ______________ for the bus. (to wait)
9. I _______________ a book. (to read)
10. They _______________ berries. (to pick)

2. Using the Present Continuous tense, fill in the blanks with the correct
forms of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:
They _____________ the lemons. (to squeeze)
They are squeezing the lemons.

It ________ on the sidewalk. (to lie)

It is lying on the sidewalk.

I ___________ the groceries. (to carry)

I am carrying the groceries.

1. She ________________ a letter. (to write)

2. They _________________ about it. (to worry)
3. He _________________ jam. (to make)
4. It _________________. (to die)
5. We _______________ to school. (to hurry)
6. She _________________ us to do it. (to dare)
7. You ________________ on the blanket. (to lie)
8. He _________________ the problem. (to solve)
9. I _________________ now. (to leave)
10. They _________________ to help us. (to try)

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 26

Idleness breeds vice
3. Using the Present Continuous tense, fill in the blanks with the correct
forms of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:

We ___________ to come. (to plan)

We are planning to come.

They _________ the lawn. (to mow)

They are mowing the lawn.

It __________. (to rain)

It is raining.
1. I _______________ the grass. (to cut)
2. It _______________ downstream. (to float)
3. They _________________ the game. (to win)
4. We _________________ the present. (to wrap)
5. She _________________ lettuce. (to grow)
6. He _________________ for us. (to look)
7. I _________________ a sweater. (to knit)
8. They _________________ wood. (to saw)
9. She _________________ the windows. (to clean)
10. We _________________ the floor. (to scrub)
11. I ________________ the toaster. (to fix)
12. He _________________ his coffee. (to sip)
13. They __________________ the hedge. (to trim)
14. You _________________ the ducks. (to feed)
15. She _________________ her head. (to nod)

4. Each of the following sentences is preceded by a bare infinitive, the most heavily
stressed syllable of which is underlined. Paying attention to whether or not the
final consonant should be doubled before ing is added, fill in the blanks with the
present participles corresponding to the bare infinitives. Use the American spell-
ing for verbs ending in l. For example:

whisper: They are __________ to their friends.

They are whispering to their friends.

refer: I was _________ to your letter.

I was referring to your letter.

1. open: I am _____________ the door.

2. display: She is ______________ her talents.
3. submit: He is _______________ his report tomorrow.
4. limit: The store is _____________ the number of items on sale.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 27

Idleness is the devils workshop
5. permit: We are not _____________ him to go.
6. sharpen: They are _______________ the pencils.
7. confer: She is ________________ with her colleagues.
8. focus: He is ________________ the camera.
9. repel: They are ________________ the attack.
10. shovel: I am ________________ the steps.
11. destroy: Hail is _______________ the crops.
12. dispel: They are _______________ our doubts.
13. squander: He is _______________ his money.
14. prefer: We are _______________ our new school to the old one.
15. color: The child is ______________ the picture.
16. unravel: We are _____________ the wool.
17. propel: Jet engines are _______________ the plane.
18. flower: The pansies are _______________
19. infer: They are ______________ that we do not want to come.

5. Change the following affirmative statements into questions.

For example:
It is snowing.
Is it snowing?

They are being cautious.

Are they being cautious?

1. I am learning English. .....................................................................

2. You are carrying a parcel. .....................................................................
3. It is growing colder. .....................................................................
4. We are living in Halifax. .....................................................................
5. They are running a race. .....................................................................
6. He is drinking coffee. .....................................................................
7. She is shopping for presents. .....................................................................
8. I am cleaning the window. .....................................................................
9. We are buying pencils. .....................................................................
10. They are playing football. .....................................................................

6. Change the affirmative statements given in Exercise 5 into negative statements.

For example:
It is snowing.
It is not snowing.

They are being cautious.

They are not being cautious.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 28

Necessity is the mother of invention

7. Change the affirmative statements given in Exercise 5 into negative questions.

Except when the subject of the verb is I, write both the form without contractions
and the form with contractions.
For example:

It is snowing. They are being cautious.

Is it not snowing? Are they not being cautious?
Isn't it snowing? Aren't they being cautious?

8. Add negative tag questions to the affirmative statements given in Exer

cise 5. Except when the subject of the verb is I, use contractions for the
tag questions. For example:

It is snowing. They are being cautious.

It is snowing, isn't it? They are being cautious, aren't they?

9. For each of the following sentences, determine whether the Simple

Present tense or the Present Continuous tense is more appropriate, and
fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb given in brackets.
For example:
Right now, he ________ ridiculous. (to be)
Right now, he is being ridiculous.

She ______ to Sydney every weekend. (to drive)

She drives to Sydney every weekend.

1. At the moment, I __________________ supper. (to cook)

2. He ________________ the paper every weekday. (to read)
3. We ________________ right now. (to study)
4. She ________________ every day. (to study)
5. Now it _______________. (to rain)
6. They ______________ to Mexico every year. (to travel)
7. Just now we ________________ the shopping. (to do)
8. She always ________________ correctly.( to answer)
9. You ________________ never late. (to be)
10. Now I ________________ to the radio. (to listen)

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 29

You get what you earn (deserve)

EXERCISES ON PAST CONTINUOUS

1. Using the Past Continuous tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the
verbs shown in brackets. For example:
I __________ a salad. (to make) They ___________ to find some boots. (to try)
I was making a salad. They were trying to find some boots.

1. He _______________ a book. (to read)

2. We _________________ money. (to save)
3. She _______________ school. (to attend)
4. It ________________. (to thunder)
5. They ________________ for the exam. (to study)
6. We ________________ ourselves. (to sun)
7. They ________________ they way. (to lead)
8. You _______________ by bus. (to leave)
9. We ________________ through the snow. (to plod)
10. You _______________ your goals. (to attain)

2. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements,

negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions,
and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions. For example:
You were learning French.
Were you learning French?
You were not learning French.
Were you not learning French?
Weren't you learning French?
You were learning French, weren't you?

1. We were starting a business. 3. He was singing.

2. She was waiting outside. I was walking to school

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 30

Working brings blessing

3. Using the Past Continuous tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the
verbs shown in brackets. For example:
____ you _______ last night? (to work) It ___ not _______. (to rain)
Were you working last night? It was not raining.

They _____________ home. (to hurry)

They were hurrying home.
1. We _________________ for the test. (to prepare)
2. ______ she ___________ notes? (to take)
3. I ______ not ___________ long. (to wait)
4. They __________________ at Woolco. (to shop)
5. ______ it not ____________ outside? (to freeze)
6. She _________________ on Almond Street last year. (to live)
7. ______ you ____________ supper when the phone rang? (to eat)
8. He ________________ asleep by the time the lesson ended. (to fall)
9. ______ we not _____________ the next chapter? (to discuss)
10. They ___________ their books away, when their friends arrived. (to put)

EXERCISES ON PRESENT PERFECT

1. Using the Present Perfect tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the
verbs shown in brackets. For example:
We ____________ the contest. (to enter) He ____________ the work. (to finish)
We have entered the contest. He has finished the work.
1. They _______________ a pizza. (to order)
2. It _______________ to rain. (to start)
3. You _______________ the question. (to answer)
4. I _______________ the eggs. (to cook)
5. We _______________ the sauce. (to heat)
6. He _______________ the room. (to clean)
7. She _______________ the car. (to start)
8. They _______________ on the door. (to knock)
9. You _______________ on the lights. (to turn)
10. She _______________ them to come. (to ask)

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 31

Save for a rainy day

2. Rewrite the following sentences, using the contracted form of the auxiliary to
have. For example:
It has started. We have telephoned.
Its started. Weve telephoned.

1. I have agreed. ........................................................

2. You have moved. ........................................................
3. He has looked. ........................................................
4. We have argued. ........................................................
5. They have explained. ........................................................
6. You have waited. ........................................................
7. She has answered. ........................................................
8. We have finished. ........................................................
9. It has cooled. ........................................................
10. I have ordered. ........................................................

3. Paying attention to the spelling of the past participles, fill in the blanks using the
Present Perfect tense of the regular verbs shown in brackets. For example:
She _________ hard. (to try)
She has tried hard.

He ___________ his friend. (to annoy)

He has annoyed his friend.

1. We _______________ them. (to envy)

2. She ________________ the clarinet for five years. (to play)
3. You _________________ for the job. (to apply)
4. We _______________ the eggs. (to fry)
5. They _________________ six people. (to employ)
6. He ________________ the wall with paint. (to spray)
7. I ________________ home. (to hurry)
8. They _________________ unusual intelligence. (to display)
9. It _________________ our chances. (to destroy)
10. You ________________ on your bicycle. (to rely)

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 32

Still waters run deep

4. Paying attention to the spelling of the past participles, fill in the blanks using
the Present Perfect tense of the regular verbs shown in brackets. For example:

He __________ the child. (to scare) They ____________ the hillside. (to scar)
He has scared the child. They have scarred the hillside.

1. She __________________. (to apologize)

2. I ________________ the soup. (to stir)
3. It _________________. (to stop)
4. We _________________ what happened. (to explain)
5. They __________________ a concert. (to plan)
6. You ________________ the table. (to wipe)
7. We _________________ our hopes on you. (to pin)
8. She _________________ the choir. (to join)
9. They ________________ an eagle. (to spot)
10. It ___________ every day. (to rain)

5. Keeping in mind that the ending ed forms a separate syllable only when it
follows the letter d or t, indicate the number of syllables in each of the following
past participles. Read each of the the past participles aloud. For example:
__ pained
1 pained
__ painted
2 painted

1. _ waited 8. _ warned 15. ___ passed

2. ___ wailed 9. ___ raced 16. ___ patted
3. ___ pinned 10. ___ rated 17. ___ raided
4. ___ printed 11. ___ joined 18. ___ rained
5. ___ acted 12. ___ jumped 19. ___ stared
6. ___ added 13. ___ folded 20. ___ started
7. ___ wanted 14. ___ frowned

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 33

When the cats away the mice will play

6. Referring to the table of irregular verbs if necessary, fill in the blanks with the
Present Perfect tense of the irregular verbs shown in brackets. For example:

They _ tall. (to grow) He __ it. (to choose)

They have grown tall. He has chosen it.

1. We _____________ lunch. (to eat)

2. I ______________ the floor. (to sweep)
3. She ______________ in a choir. (to sing)
4. They ______________ to work. (to go)
5. You ______________ your way. (to lose)
6. He _____________ earlier than usual. (to rise)
7. We ______________ to everyone. (to speak)
8. I ______________ the kingfisher. (to see)
9. They _________ each other a long time. (to know)
10. She _______________ here from France. (to fly)
11. He ______________ very helpful. (to be)
12. I _______________ the blue cloth. (to cut)
13. We ______________ two letters. (to write)
14. They _______________ the competition. (to win)
15. She ________________ no one. (to tell)
16. It _______________ a long time. (to take)
17. You ________________ to do it. (to forget)
18. I ________________ it. (to hear)
19. They _______________ town. (to leave)
20. He ________________ the problem. (to understand)

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 34

Dont go up empty-handed!

7. Following the model of the examples, rewrite the following affirmative

statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without
contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements
followed by negative tag questions. For example:

I have read this book. 1. They have eaten the cookies.

Have I read this book? ...............................................
I have not read this book. ...............................................
Have I not read this book? ...............................................
Havent I read this book? ...............................................
I have read this book, havent I? ...............................................

He has found the answer. 2. She has told the truth.

Has he found the answer? ...............................................
He has not found the answer. ...............................................
Has he not found the answer? ...............................................
Hasnt he found the answer? ...............................................
He has found the answer, hasnt he? ...............................................

3. He has run fast. 4. We have watered the plants.

EXERCISE ON PAST PERFECT TENSE

1. Using the Past Perfect tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the
verbs shown in brackets. For example:
I _________ the parcel. (to open) They ________ to the opera. (to be)
I had opened the parcel. They had been to the opera.
1. She ________________ a sweater. (to buy)
2. He _______________ to work. (to start)
3. You _________________ the message. (to understand)
4. We ________________ the appointment. (to forget)
5. They ________________ us. (to convince)
6. She ________________ the book. (to find)
7. He ________________ the envelope. (to tear)
8. You ________________ your breakfast. (to finish)
9. We ______________ to school. (to go)
10. They ________________ the beds. (to make)

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 35

Dont be foolish
2. Using the Past Perfect tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the
verbs shown in brackets. For example:
He _____________ hard. (to practise) ___ they ____ a good job? (to do)
He had practised hard. Had they done a good

I _ not ___ the news. (to hear)

I had not heard the news.

1. You ________________ it carefully.(to consider)

2. She __________________ her way in the woods. (to lose)
3. _____ he not _____________ his hands? (to wash)
4. _____ they ____________ the letter? (to read)
5. I _____ not _____________ the words. (to forget)
6. We ____________ to come even before we received the letter. (to decide)
7. _____ he not _____________ everything well? (to organize)
8. They _____ not __________ a holiday in a long time. (to have)
9. She __________________ to talk to us. (to stop)
10. He _____ not yet ____________. (to arrive)
11. _____ you ___________ to meet him? (to plan)
12. I _____ not ____________ her for a long time. (to see)

3. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements,

negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions,
and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions. For example:
He had attended the concert.
Had he attended the concert?
He had not attended the concert.
Had he not attended the concert?
Hadn't he attended the concert?
He had attended the concert, hadn't he?

1. You had entered the contest. 2. I had wanted to come.

.................................................... ....................................................
.................................................... ....................................................
.................................................... ....................................................
.................................................... ....................................................
.................................................... ....................................................
3. We had arrived on time. 4.She had gone to Colombo.
.................................................... ....................................................
................................................... ....................................................
.................................................... ....................................................
.................................................... ....................................................
.................................................... ....................................................
English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 36
Finish what you start

EXERCISE ON PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1. Paying attention to the spelling of the present participles, fill in the blanks
using the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:
I ________________ all night. (to work)
I have been working all night.

She ___________________ the trumpet. (to practise)

She has been practising the trumpet.
1We ______________________ for you. (to wait)
2. They __________________________ a race. (to run)
3. He ___________________________ a book. (to read)
4. You ___________________________ a letter. (to write)
5. I __________________________ the table. (to set)
6. It __________________________ for hours. (to rain)
7. We __________________________ here for three years. (to live)
8. She ____________________________ to us. (to speak)
9. You ___________________________ presents. (to buy)
10. They ___________________________ a trip. (to plan)

2. Following the model of the example, rewrite the following two affirmative
statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without
contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements
followed by negative tag questions. For example:

They have been enjoying themselves.

Have they been enjoying themselves?
They have not been enjoying themselves.
Have they not been enjoying themselves?
Havent they been enjoying themselves?
They have been enjoying themselves, havent they?

1. It has been snowing. 2. You have been visiting your friends.

6. It ______________________ all night. (to rain)

7. We ______________________ them. (to encourage)
8. You ___________________ on the beach. (to lie)
9. They ______________________ the sauce. (to taste)
10. He ____________________ behind. (to lag)

EXERCISE ON PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1. Using the Past Perfect Continuous tense, fill in the blanks with the correct
forms of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:
We __________________ for an apartment. (to search)
We had been searching for an apartment.

She _______________ extra courses. (to take)

She had been taking extra courses.

1. We ______________________ for you. (to wait)

2. They __________________________ a race. (to run)
3. He ___________________________ a book. (to read)
4. You ___________________________ a letter. (to write)
5. I __________________________ the table. (to set)
6. It __________________________ for hours. (to rain)
7. We __________________________ here for three years. (to live)
8. She ____________________________ to us. (to speak)
9. You ___________________________ presents. (to buy)
10. They ___________________________ a trip. (to plan)

2. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative

statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with
contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions.
For example:
She had been keeping a diary.
Had she been keeping a diary?
She had not been keeping a diary.
Had she not been keeping a diary?
Hadn't she been keeping a diary?
She had been keeping a diary, hadn't she?

1. We had been raking the leaves.

2. You had been visiting your cousins.
3. They had been swimming in the lake.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 38

Use it or lose it

3. Using the Past Perfect Continuous tense, fill in the blanks with the correct
forms of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:

We _______________. (to argue)

We had been arguing.

_ he _________ well? (to feel)

Had he been feeling well?

I _ not ________ much walking. (to do)

I had not been doing much walking.
1. You _______________________ the stove. (to clean)
2. She _____ not ___________________ regularly. (to come)
3. _____ they not ___________________ on you? (to count)
4. We ________________________ for shoes. (to look)
5. _____ it not ________________ that day? (to snow)
6. I ________________________ for groceries. (to shop)
7. _____ he not ___________________ to the news? (to listen)
8. They _____ not ___________________ to drive far. (to intend)
9. _____ we ___________________ on time? (to leave)
10. _____ you ____________________ that? (to expect)
11. They ________________________ television. (to watch)
12. He _____ not _________________ long when the bus arrived. (to wait)

EXERCISE ON MIXED TENSES

1. For each of the following sentences, paying attention to whether the under-
lined auxiliary is a form of to be, to do or to have, fill in the blank with the bare
infinitive, present participle, or past participle of the verb given in brackets, as
appropriate. Refer if necessary to the table summarizing the formation of the
English present and past tenses. For example:

He was ________ medicine. (to study)

He was studying medicine.

You have _______ the food. (to bring)

You have brought the food.

We had been _______ a long time. (to wait)

We had been waiting a long time.

Does she _______ classical music? (to like)

Does she like classical music?
English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 39
Tit for tat

1. She was _______________ a picture. (to draw)

2. We have ________________ our homework. (to finish)
3. I have been ________________ for an opportunity. (to wait)
4. Do you ________________ a bicycle? (to own)
5. We are ________________ coffee. (to drink)
6. Did he ________________ the book? (to enjoy)
7. They were ________________ us. (to expect)
8. You had ________________ a job. (to find)
9. He is ______________ the truth. (to tell)
10. It had been ________________ all morning. (to snow)
11. We had ________________ the window. (to open)
12. I am _______________ potatoes. (to peel)
13. You did not ________________ my letter. (to answer)
14. It does not __________________. (to matter)
15. I have ________________ this movie before. (to see)

2. Make the following statements emphatic. For example:

He likes cats. You have finished.

He does like cats. You have finished.

They were here. We are not ready.

1. I enjoy reading. .................................................

2. They do not like music. .................................................
3. It snowed. .................................................
4. I have found my pen. .................................................
5. She cooks well. .................................................
6. You were listening to the radio. .................................................
7. They found the answer. .................................................
8. He was right. .................................................
9. She understands. .................................................
10. They had locked the door. .................................................
11. He did not arrive late. .................................................
12. You ran fast. .................................................

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 40

Every patient is a doctor after his cure

The Formation of the Indicative Mood of the Passive Voice

Tense Auxiliary Verb Form

Simple Present am/is/are past participle
Present Continuous am/is/are being past participle
Present Perfect have/has been past participle

Simple Past was/were past participle

Past Continuous was/were being past participle
Past Perfect had been past participle

Simple Future will (shall) be past participle

Future Perfect will (shall) have been past participle

THE VERB TO BE AND THE PASSIVE VOICE OF THE VERB TO SHOW

Simple Present Simple Present

I am I am shown
You are You are shown
He is He is shown
She is She is shown
It is It is shown
We are We are shown
They are They are shown

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 41

An old broom knows the dirty corners best

Present Continuous Present Continuous

I am being I am being shown
You are being You are being shown
He is being He is being shown
She is being She is being shown
It is being It is being shown
We are being We are being shown
They are being They are being shown
Present Perfect Present Perfect
I have been I have been shown
You have been You have been shown
He has been He has been shown
She has been She has been shown
It has been It has been shown
We have been We have been shown
They have been They have been shown
Present Perfect
Continuous Present Perfect Continuous
I have been being I have been being shown
You have been being You have been being shown
He has been being He has been being shown
She has been being She has been being shown
It has been being It has been being shown
We have been being We have been being shown
They have been being They have been being shown

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 42

A silent mouth is sweet to hear

Simple Past Simple Past

I was I was shown
You were You were shown
He was He was shown
She was She was shown
It was It was shown
We were We were shownT
They were They were shown
Past Continuous Past Continuous
I was being I was being shown
You were being You were being shown
He was being He was being shown
she was being She was being shown
It was being It was being shown
We were being We were being shown
They were being They were being shown
Past Perfect Past Perfect
I had been I had been shown
You had been You had been shown
He had been He had been shown
She had been She had been shown
It had been It had been shown
We had been We had been shown
They had been They had been shown

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 43

Watching is a part of good play

Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

I had been being I had been being shown
You had been being You had been being shown
He had been being He had been being shown
She had been being She had been being shown
It had been being It had been being shown
We had been being We had been being shown
They had been being They had been being shown
Simple Future Simple Future
I will (shall) be I will (shall) be shown
You will be You will be shown
He will be He will be shown
She will be She will be shown
It will be It will be shown
We will (shall) be We will (shall) be shownT
They will be They will be shown
Future Continuous Future Continuous
I will (shall) be being I will (shall) be being shown
you will be being you will be being shown
he will be being he will be being shown
she will be being she will be being shown
it will be being it will be being shown
we will (shall) be being we will (shall) be being shown
they will be being they will be being shown

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 44

Poverty parts good company

Future Perfect Future Perfect

I will (shall) have been I will (shall) have been shown
You will have been You will have been shown
He will have been He will have been shown
She will have been She will have been shown
It will have been It will have been shown
We will (shall) have been We will (shall) have been shown
They will have been They will have been shown
Future Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous
I will (shall) have been being I will (shall) have been being shown
You will have been being you will have been being shown
He will have been being he will have been being shown
she will have been being she will have been being shown
It will have been being it will have been being shown
we will (shall) have been being we will (shall) have been being shown
they will have been being they will have been being shown

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 45

Dont count your chickens before they are hatched
1.SIMPLE PRESENT 3.SIMPLE PAST

CHANGE THE FOLLOWING INTO PASSIVE VOICE CHANGE THE FOLLOWING INTO PASSIVE VOICE
1.We speak English
............................................................................. 1.Sarath shut the door
2.He doest play tennis ..............................................................................
............................................................................. 2.Marconi invented Radio
3.They dont read newspapers .............................................................................
............................................................................. 3.The waiter stole my watch
4.My mother cooks our food. .............................................................................
............................................................................. 4.The principal questioned him.
5.Sri Lanka exports tea and rubber. .............................................................................
............................................................................. 5.The chairman opened the hall.
6.Children eat chocolates. .............................................................................
.............................................................................
7.Carpenters make furniture. 4.Use the VERBS in the following list to fill
............................................................................. the blanksentences below.All the sentences
are PASSIVE.
8.Doctors treat patients.
build,arrest,break,tear,open,discover,polish,
.............................................................................
cut,invent,lose,repair,ask,sweep,brush,give.
9.Does Ajith help Rani.?
.............................................................................
1.This building...........................in 1990.
10.Sri Lanka grows rice. 2.The window ..........................by him.
.............................................................................
3.The shoes ..............................by me.
4.America.............................by Columbus.
2.Use the VERBS in the following list to fill the 5.The room ..........................by Rani.
blanksentences below.All the sentences are 6.The radio .........................by Raja.
PASSIVE. 7.The trees .........................by them.
8.The thieves ......................by the police.
catch,examine,give,write,throw,sell, 9.The door..........................by Geetha.
10.The alms giving.....................by us.
buy,grow,make,kill,drink,eat.
5.SIMPLE FUTURE.
1.Patients ....................the doctors. CHANGE THE FOLLOWING INTO PASSIVE VOICE
2.Cheese ....................in Kotmale farm. 1.I shall buy saree next week
3.Bags ........................by the security officers. ...................................................................
4.Tea...........................in Sri Lanka. 2.He will help you.
5.Coffee.....................by us. ...................................................................
6.Rice .......................by us. 3.They will bring them next Monday.
7Rats .......................by cats? ....................................................................
8.Coconuts ..................by them. 4.She will write a letter.
9.A letter....................by him. ...................................................................
10.Thieves..................by the police. 5.Geetha will make a frock.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 46

There is nothing sharper than a womans tongue
6.Use the VERBS in the following list to fill 8.PAST CONTINUOUS
the blanksentences below.All the sentences CHANGE THE FOLLOWING INTO PASSIVE VOICE.
are PASSIVE.
1.He was eating apple
complete,arrest,break,tear,open,write .........................................................................
cut,invent,lose,repair,ask,sweep,brush,give, 2.She was shaking the table
poish. .........................................................................
3.They were learning English and French
1. The building...........................in 2005 .........................................................................
2. The window ..........................by him. 4.We were feeding our pets.
3. The shoes ..............................by me. .........................................................................
4. A letter..................................by her. 5.They were playing football.
5. The room ..........................by Rani. .........................................................................
6. The radio .........................by Raja. 6.Rani was sweeping the rooms.
7. The trees .........................by them. .........................................................................
8. The thieves ......................by the police. 7.He was hitting a small boy.
9. The door..........................by Geetha. .........................................................................
10. The alms giving.....................by us. 8.I was riding a motorcycle
.........................................................................
7.PRESENT CONTINUOUS 9.They were holding a meeting.
CHANGE THE FOLLOWING INTO PASSIVE VOICE. .........................................................................
10.She was writing her notes.
1.He is eating an orange. .........................................................................
......................................................................... 11.Geetha was making a clay pot.
2.She is shaking the table .........................................................................
......................................................................... 12.Rani was buying vegetables.
3.They are learning French. .........................................................................
......................................................................... 13.What was he doing?
4.We are feeding the chickens. .........................................................................
......................................................................... 14.What was he making?.................................
5.They are playing football. .........................................................................
......................................................................... 15.What was he wrinting?
6.Rani is sweeping the room. .........................................................................
.........................................................................
7.He is hitting a small boy. 9.PRESENT PERFECT
......................................................................... CHANGE THE FOLLOWING INTO PASSIVE VOICE.
8.I am riding a bicycle
1.They have eaten lunch.
.........................................................................
........................................................................
9.What are they holding a meeting?
2.She has eaten too much.
......................................................................... ........................................................................
10.What is she writing ? 3.We have posted the parcels.
......................................................................... ........................................................................
4.I have forgetten your name.
........................................................................
5.She has bought sarees.
........................................................................

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 47

Theres no wise man without a fault

8.PAST PERFECT
CHANGE THE FOLLOWING INTO PASSIVE VOICE.

1.They had eaten lunch

........................................................................
2.She had done a mistake
........................................................................
3.We had posted the parcels.
........................................................................
4.He had written a letter
........................................................................
5.She had bought a saree.
........................................................................

11.FUTURE PERFECT
CHANGE THE FOLLOWING INTO PASSIVE VOICE.

1.They will have eaten lunch.

........................................................................
2.She will have brought them.
........................................................................
3.We shall have posted the parcels.
........................................................................
4.I will have learnt English
........................................................................
5.She will have bought a saree.
........................................................................

11.WRITE 10 PASSIVE VOICE SENTENCES.

1......................................................................
2......................................................................
3......................................................................
4......................................................................
5......................................................................
6......................................................................
7......................................................................
8.......................................................................
9.......................................................................
10....................................................................

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 48

A wise head keeps a shut mouth

Complete the sentences

1. Microsoft was
a)invented in Lyon, France. b)founded by Bill Gates.
c)bought by Rupert Murdoch. d)written by Elton John.
2. Television was
a)invented in Lyon, France. b)written by Charles Dickens.
c)won by England. d)invented by John Logie Baird.
3. Penicillin was
a)discovered by Alexander Flemingb)written by Charles Dickens.
c)bought by Rupert Murdoch. d)founded by Lord Reith.
4. America was
a)invented in Lyon, France. b)written by Charles Dickens.
c)won by England. d)discovered by Christopher Columbus.
5. The BBC was
a)invented in Lyon, France. b)founded by Lord Reith.
c)bought by Rupert Murdoch. d)written by Elton John.
6. The Times was
a)bought by Rupert Murdoch. b)written by Charles Dickens.
c)won by England. d)written by Elton John.
7. The cinema was
a)written by Elton John. b)written by Charles Dickens.
c)won by England. d)invented in Lyon, France.
8. David Copperfield was
a)written by Elton John. b)written by Charles Dickens.
c)won by England. d)discovered by Christopher Columbus.
9. The 1966 World Cup was
a) written by Elton John. b)discovered by Alexander Fleming
c) won by England. d)founded by Lord Reith.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 49

There are two sides to everything
Rewrite the sentences using a passive form.

1. IFL bought Nessafe. 6. Jane upset me by what she said.

a)Nessafe had been bought by IFL.
a)I would be upset by what Jane said.
b)Nessafe was bought by IFL.
b)I was upset by what Jane said.
c)Nessafe is bought by IFL.
c)I would have been upset by what Jane said.
2. Fred asked Simon.
7. Im going to inform John later today.
a)Simon was asked by Fred.
a)John would be informed by me later today.
b)Simon had been asked by Fred
b)John was informed by me later today.
c)Simon is asked by Fred.
c)John is going to be informed by me later today.
3. Caroline paid for the meal.
8. The police arrested 12 people.
a)The meal is paid for by Caroline.
a)12 people were arrested by the police.
b)The meal has been paid for by Caroline.
b)12 people have been arrested by the police.
c)The meal was paid for by Caroline
c)12 people should be arrested by the police.
4. Harry will meet you at the airport.
9. Shiela might come to see you tomorrow.
a)You will have been met by Harry at the airport.
a)You might be visited by Shiela tomorrow.
b)You will be met by Harry at the airport.
b)You will might be visited by Shiela tomorrow.
c)You would be met by Harry at the airport.
c)You would be visited by Shiela tomorrow.
5. Tom respects Lindsays opinion.
10. Frank Sinatra sang My Way..
a)Lindsays opinion would be respected by Tom.
a)My Way was sung by Frank Sinatra.
b)Lindsays opinion was respected by Tom.
b)My Way had been sung by Frank Sinatra.
c)Lindsays opinion is respected by Tom.
c)My Way would be sung by Frank Sinatra.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 50

Dont put off till tomorrow, what you can do today
Fill in the missing word

1. The factory was ______ in 1953.

a)suggested b)told c)built d)permitted
2. The company was ______ in 1983.
a)increased b)founded c)left d)written
3. I was ______ to make a presentation at the Conference.
a)suggested b)increased c)permitted d)invited
4. The job was ______ to Frank but he turned it down.
a)offered b)permitted c)left d)written
5. I was ______ that I wouldnt need to bring my own slide projector.
a)told b)increased c)permitted d)written
6. The report was ______ by a leading expert in the field.
a)suggested b)increased c)left d)written
7. Smoking is not ______ on these premises.
a)suggested b)left c)permitted d)increased
8. Some things are best ______ unsaid.
a)suggested b)left c)offered d)increased
9. Taxes are being ______ by 20%.
a)suggested b)increased c)offered d)invited
10. It has been ______ that we should delay this decision for a few weeks.
a)suggested b)built c)offered d)invited

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 51

Too many cooks spoil the broth
EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE

1.Change the following affirmative statements into questions. For example:

You are required to attend the meeting.
Are you required to attend the meeting?
She is being ignored.
Is she being ignored?
1. They should be notified. .............................................................
2. He might have been allowed to come. .............................................................
3. You had been told about it. .............................................................
4. They will be needed. .............................................................
5. It has been adjourned. .............................................................
6. They were being prepared. .............................................................

2. Change the following affirmative statements into negative statements. For

example:

They would have been instructed to join us.

They would not have been instructed to join us.

It was sent on time.

It was not sent on time.

1. We could have been seen from the island.

2. It is being dealt with satisfactorily.
3. They were being kept under observation.
4. You will be held responsible.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 52

Each for all and all for each

3. Change the following affirmative statements into negative questions. Do not

use contractions in this exercise. For example:

He is respected by everyone.
Is he not respected by everyone?

She should be consulted.

Should she not be consulted?

1. They were recognized immediately.

2. We were being assisted by volunteers.
3. It had been delivered.
4. They should have been guarded more carefully.
5. We will be given financial assistance.
6. It had been organized by the club members.

4. For each of the following sentences, first indicate the tense of the underlined
verb, and then change the verb from the Active Voice to the corresponding tense
in the Passive Voice. Take note of the resulting change in the meaning of the
sentence. For example:

They drive to work at seven oclock every morning.

Simple Present: They are driven to work at seven oclock every morning.

Did he notice?
Simple Past: Was he noticed?

She is not telling the truth.

Present Continuous: he is not being told the truth.

We have sent a message.

Present Perfect: We have been sent a message.

I will pay.
Simple Future: I will be paid.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 53

Every dog has its day

1. Do they expect to leave? .....................................................................

2. He is giving instructions. .....................................................................
3. They have moved to a new location......................................................................
4. She will fly to London. .....................................................................
5. He has offered a discount. .....................................................................
6. They have stopped. .....................................................................
7. Will you have given the order? .....................................................................
8. We sent a favorable reply. .....................................................................
9. We were teaching German. .....................................................................
10. I understand. .....................................................................
11. He is offering free advice. .....................................................................
12. She will rush to the reception. .....................................................................

5. For each of the following sentences, first indicate the tense of the underlined
verb, and then change the verb from the Passive Voice to the corresponding tense
in the Active Voice. Take note of the resulting change in the meaning of the sentence.
For example:

We are paid regularly.

Simple Present: We pay regularly.

She is not assisted every day.

Simple Present: She does not assist every day.

Was he not being flown to Boston?

Past Continuous: Was he not flying to Boston?

It has been grown here for the past twenty years.

Present Perfect: It has grown here for the past twenty years.

Might they be called at nine oclock?

1. We can be heard easily. ..............................................................

2. She is being given advice. ..............................................................
3. Were they not flown over the lake? ..............................................................
4. I had been transferred to another department. ...........................................................
5. He is being stopped. ..............................................................
6. We have been sent a letter. ..............................................................
7. He is not being taught music theory. ..............................................................
8. Should they have been flown to their next destination? ..............................................
9. They will be watched constantly. .............................................. .................
10. We had been driven to the beach this morning. ......................................................

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 54

Honesty is the best policy
6. Change the underlined verbs in the following sentences from the Active Voice to
the corresponding tenses in the Passive Voice. Preserve the meaning of the sentences
by using the preposition by and making the necessary changes in word order. For
example:

The teenager rowed the boat. The girl is riding the horse..
The boat was rowed by the teenager. The horse is being ridden by the girl.

The student has prepared the lunch. The president will thank the members.
The lunch has been prepared by the student. The members will be thanked by the president.

The children can understand the poem.

The poem can be understood by the children.

1. The woman founded the club. ..............................................................

2. This entry took the prize. ..............................................................
3. The girl is playing the guitar. ..............................................................
4. The mailman has delivered the letter. ..............................................................
5. The chauffeur can drive the car. ..............................................................
6. The child chose the hat. ..............................................................
7. The cat chased the mouse. ..............................................................
8. The workers will weave the carpet. ..............................................................
9. The stranger could have bought the hiking boots.....................................................
10. The dealer has sold the car. ..............................................................
11. The dog splashed the water. ..............................................................
12. The man has watered the garden. ..............................................................

7. Change the underlined verbs in the following sentences from the Passive Voice
to the corresponding tenses in the Active Voice. Preserve the meaning of the
sentences by omitting the preposition by and making the necessary changes in
word order. For example:

The news was heard by everyone. The orders were followed by the officials.
Everyone heard the news. The officials followed the orders.

The money is being counted by the cashier. The ducks have been fed by the tourists.
The cashier is counting the money. The tourists have fed the ducks.

The flowers will be photographed by the naturalist.

The naturalist will photograph the flowers.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 55

Walls have ears
1. The bill was paid by the manager.
..................................................................
2. The bread was made by the baker.
..................................................................
3. The wiring must be checked by the electrician.
..................................................................
4. The crow was being scolded by the squirrel.
..................................................................
5. The book was written by a doctor.
..................................................................
6. The house was painted by a student.
..................................................................
7. The seeds were taken by the chickadee.
..................................................................
8. The cider has been drunk by the guest.
..................................................................
9. The mail is opened by the secretary.
..................................................................
10. The ingredients have been measured by the cooks.
..................................................................

8. Complete the following sentences using the Simple Present Subjunctive of the
Passive Voice of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:

She ordered that the most important details _______ known. (to make)
She ordered that the most important details be made known.

He advises that the plane ________ at a high altitude. (to fly)

He advises that the plane be flown at a high altitude.

1. They demand that the change of plans _____________ at nine oclock. (to announce)
2. We ask that permission to compete ____________ to everyone. (to grant)
3. It is important that their accomplishments ____________. (to recognize)
4. It is crucial that we _____________ of any change. (to advise)
5. He asks that his affairs ____________ in order. (to put)
6. They requested that their qualifications ______________. (to accept)
7. We insist that he not _____________ his rights. (to deny)
8. It is necessary that the requirements _____________. (to meet)
9. She requests that the most experienced candidate ___________. (to choose)
10. It is recommended that care __________ in making the repairs. (to take)
11. He insists that smoking ______________. (to forbid)
12. It is essential that supplies _____________ well in advance. (to

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen 56

Definition
Reported speech is often also called indirect speech. When we use reported speech, we are usually
talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The
verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. For example:

"I'm going to the cinema".

He said that he was going to the cinema.

Simple Present Simple Past "We enjoy fishing" - They said tthat hey enjoyed fishing
Simple Past Past Perfect "He saw it" - She said that he had seen it
Present Perfect Past Perfect "She's gone" - You said that she had gone
Present Continuous Past Continuous "I'm leaving" - You said that you were leaving
Past Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous" He was reading" - He said that he had been reading
can could "I can sing" - She said that she could sing
may might "We may stay" - They said that they might stay
must had to "I must go" - He said that he had to go
will would "I'll buy them" - You said that you would buy them

Time and place references

Time and place references often have to change:

now then yesterday the previous day

today that day the day before
here there last week the previous week
this that the week before
this week that week ago previously
tomorrow the following day before
the next day 2 weeks ago 2 weeks previously
the day after 2 weeks before
next week the following week tonight that night
the next week last Saturday the previous Saturday
the week after the Saturday before
next Saturday the following Saturday
the next Saturday
the Saturday after
that Saturday
Pronouns in reported speech

I he/she He said, "I am late" - He said that he was late.

you he/she/they "Will you help me?" - She asked if he would help her.
he/she/it he/she/it She said, "He hit me" - She said that he had hit her.
we they I said, "We are lost" - He said that they were lost.
they they They said, "We are hungry" - They said that they were hungry.
us them John said, "She gave us presents" - John said that she had given
them presents.
our their He said, "Our jobs are at risk" - He said their jobs were at risk.
his/hers/its his/hers/its She said, "It's hers" - She said that it was he

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

Reported Statements: Present Simple
1. I live in New York
She said ________________________________________________________
2. He works in a bank
She told me _____________________________________________________
3. Julie doesnt like going out much
She said ________________________________________________________
4. I dont have a computer
She said ________________________________________________________
5. They never arrive on time
She said ________________________________________________________
6. We often meet friends in London at the weekend
He told me _____________________________________________________
7. David doesnt have any children
She said ________________________________________________________
8. I dont go to the gym very often
She said ________________________________________________________
9. Lucy owns three flats in the city
She said ________________________________________________________
10. I never get up early on Sundays
She said ________________________________________________________

Reported Statements: Present Continuous

1. I'm sleeping
She told me _____________________________________________________
2. Were working
She told me _____________________________________________________
3. She's coming to the party
She told me _____________________________________________________
4. Hes talking on the telephone
She told me _____________________________________________________
5. Lucy is reading a book in front of the fire
She told me _____________________________________________________
6. I'm not going out
She said ________________________________________________________
7. We are not visiting Paris during our trip
She said ________________________________________________________
8. I'm listening to my new CD
She said ________________________________________________________
9. John is working in a bar for the summer
She told me _____________________________________________________
10. I'm not going to go on holiday
She told me _____________________________________________________

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

Reported Statements: Past Simple
1. I went to the cinema yesterday.
She said ________________________________________________________
2. Jane left the party early.
She told me _____________________________________________________
3. I didn't go out at the weekend.
She said ________________________________________________________
4. He didn't like chocolate as a child.
She said ________________________________________________________
5. They visited Japan.
She said ________________________________________________________
6. She didn't buy the dress.
He told me _____________________________________________________
7. I travelled through India and Pakistan.
She told me _____________________________________________________
8. He met his girlfriend in a caf.
She said ________________________________________________________
9. David didn't arrive until 10 o'clock.
She said ________________________________________________________
10. We went to the park to have a picnic.
She told me _____________________________________________________

Reported Statements: Present Perfect

Change the direct speech to reported speech:

1. I've never been to Brazil.
She said ________________________________________________________
2. She has visited Paris three times.
She said ________________________________________________________
3. He has read War and Peace.
She said ________________________________________________________
4. I haven't seen Julie for ages.
She said ________________________________________________________
5. He hasn't been to school this week.
She said ________________________________________________________
6. We haven't seen The Lord of the Rings.
She said ________________________________________________________
7. They've eaten in a lot of different restaurants.
She said ________________________________________________________
8. I've never tried skateboarding.
She said ________________________________________________________
9. Lucy has drunk six cups of coffee today.
She said ________________________________________________________
10. Mr Black has written three books.
She said ___________________________________________________

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

Reported Statements: Future Simple

Change the direct speech into reported speech:

1. I'll go to the cinema later.
She said ________________________________________________________
2. We'll meet the children at six.
She said ________________________________________________________
3. Shell be late.
She said ________________________________________________________
4. Lucy will definitely come.
She said ________________________________________________________
5. I will stop smoking on Tuesday.
She told us _____________________________________________________
6. John won't do it.
She said ________________________________________________________
7. They won't be able to arrive early.
She said ________________________________________________________
8. I won't come with you.
She said ________________________________________________________
9. He won't remember to buy milk.
She said ________________________________________________________
10. It won't rain later I'm sure.
She said ________________________________________________________

Reported Statements
Change this direct speech into reported speech:

1. He works in a bank
She said ___________________________________________________________
2. We went out last night
She told me ________________________________________________________
3. Im coming!
She said ___________________________________________________________
4. I was waiting for the bus when he arrived
She told me ________________________________________________________
5. Id never been there before
She said ___________________________________________________________
6. I didnt go to the party
She told me ________________________________________________________
7. Lucyll come later
She said ___________________________________________________________
8. He hasnt eaten breakfast
She told me________________________________________________________

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

Reported Yes / No Questions: Present Simple
Change the direct questions into reported questions:

1. Is John at home?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
2. Am I late?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
3. Is it cold outside?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
4. Are they in Paris?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
5. Is the bus stop near the shopping centre?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
6. Is the milk fresh?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
7. Are you a doctor?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
8. Are James and Lucy from France?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
9. Is my brother in the garden?
She asked me if__________________________________________________

Reported Wh Questions: Present Simple

Change the direct questions into reported questions:

1. Where is the post office?

She asked me ___________________________________________________
2. Why is Julie sad?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
3. What's for dinner?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
4. Who is the woman in the red dress?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
5. How is your grandmother?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
6. When is the party?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
7. How much is the rent on your flat?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
8. Where are the glasses?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
9. How is the weather in Chicago?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
10. Who is the Prime Minister of Canada?
She asked me ____________________________________

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

Reported Questions
Change these direct questions into reported speech:

1. Where is he?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
2. What are you doing?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
3. Why did you go out last night?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
4. Who was that beautiful woman?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
5. How is your mother?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
6. What are you going to do at the weekend?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
7. Where will you live after graduation?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
8. What were you doing when I saw you?
She asked me _____________________________________________

Reported Requests and Orders

Change the direct speech into reported speech:

1. Please help me carry this

She asked me ______________________________________________________
2. Please come early
She ______________________________________________________________
3. Please buy some milk
She ______________________________________________________________
4. Could you please open the window?
She ______________________________________________________________
5. Could you bring the book tonight?
She ______________________________________________________________
6. Can you help me with my homework, please?
She ________________________________________________

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

2008 www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
Reported Statements: Present Continuous
1. I'm sleeping
She told me _____________________________________________________
2. Were working
She told me _____________________________________________________
3. She's coming to the party
She told me _____________________________________________________
4. Hes talking on the telephone
She told me _____________________________________________________
5. Lucy is reading a book in front of the fire
She told me _____________________________________________________
6. I'm not going out
She said ________________________________________________________
7. We are not visiting Paris during our trip
She said ________________________________________________________
8. I'm listening to my new CD
She said ________________________________________________________
9. John is working in a bar for the summer
She told me _____________________________________________________
10. I'm not going to go on holiday
She told me _____________________________________________________

11. He isn't living in Beijing

She told me _____________________________________________________
12. Im taking the train to Berlin
She told me _____________________________________________________
13. He is never coming back
She told me _____________________________________________________
14. Jill is studying a lot
She told me _____________________________________________________
15. I'm not meeting Julie
She told me _____________________________________________________
16. We aren't renting a flat
She said ________________________________________________________
17. They are are visiting the museum
She said ________________________________________________________
18. She's eating dinner
She said ________________________________________________________
19. We arent going to the library
She said ________________________________________________________
20. Im coming
She said ________________________________________________________ 2008 www.perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
Answers:
1. She told me she was sleeping.
2. She told me that they were working.
3. She told me she was coming to the party.
English
4. She told meGrammar foronBeginners
he was talking By: M.L.Kulabdeen
the telephone.
5. She told me Lucy was reading a book in front of the fire.
6. She said she wasn't going out.
2008 www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
Reported Statements: Past Simple
1. I went to the cinema yesterday.
She said ________________________________________________________
2. Jane left the party early.
She told me _____________________________________________________
3. I didn't go out at the weekend.
She said ________________________________________________________
4. He didn't like chocolate as a child.
She said ________________________________________________________
5. They visited Japan.
She said ________________________________________________________
6. She didn't buy the dress.
He told me _____________________________________________________
7. I travelled through India and Pakistan.
She told me _____________________________________________________
8. He met his girlfriend in a caf.
She said ________________________________________________________
9. David didn't arrive until 10 o'clock.
She said ________________________________________________________
10. We went to the park to have a picnic.
She told me _____________________________________________________ 2008 www.perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
11. We ate Chinese food, then we walked home.
She told me _____________________________________________________
12. She forgot to bring the CDs.
He told me _____________________________________________________
13. I didn't like the food in the restaurant.
She said ________________________________________________________
14. He didn't take a shower.
She said ________________________________________________________
15. I worked until six.
She said ________________________________________________________
16. We went to Paris for the weekend.
She said ________________________________________________________
17. The plane left at seven.
She said ________________________________________________________
18. I came to London in 2004.
She said ________________________________________________________
19. Lucy didn't go to university.
She told me _____________________________________________________
20. John never studied German.
She said ________________________________________________________ 2008 www.perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
Answers:
1. She said she had been / went to the cinema yesterday.
English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen
2008 www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
Reported Statements: Present Perfect
Change the direct speech to reported speech:
1. I've never been to Brazil.
She said ________________________________________________________
2. She has visited Paris three times.
She said ________________________________________________________
3. He has read War and Peace.
She said ________________________________________________________
4. I haven't seen Julie for ages.
She said ________________________________________________________
5. He hasn't been to school this week.
She said ________________________________________________________
6. We haven't seen The Lord of the Rings.
She said ________________________________________________________
7. They've eaten in a lot of different restaurants.
She said ________________________________________________________
8. I've never tried skateboarding.
She said ________________________________________________________
9. Lucy has drunk six cups of coffee today.
She said ________________________________________________________
10. Mr Black has written three books.
She said ________________________________________________________ 2008 www.perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
11. It hasn't rained much this year.
She said ________________________________________________________
12. She has never swum in the sea.
She said ________________________________________________________
13. He has studied Latin.
She said ________________________________________________________
14. I've been sick all week.
She said ________________________________________________________
15. Robert has been to China five times.
She said ________________________________________________________
16. I haven't met Richard before.
She said ________________________________________________________
17. Julie has never studied music.
She said ________________________________________________________
18. He has eaten too much chocolate.
She said ________________________________________________________
19. We haven't seen the new play.
She said ________________________________________________________
20. I haven't tried the new restaurant yet.
She said ________________________________________________________ 2008 www.perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
Answers:
English
1. She Grammar
said shed never beenfor Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen
to Brazil.
2. She said she had visited Paris three times.
3. She said he had read War and Peace.
2008 www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
Reported Statements: Future Simple
Change the direct speech into reported speech:
1. I'll go to the cinema later.
She said ________________________________________________________
2. We'll meet the children at six.
She said ________________________________________________________
3. Shell be late.
She said ________________________________________________________
4. Lucy will definitely come.
She said ________________________________________________________
5. I will stop smoking on Tuesday.
She told us _____________________________________________________
6. John won't do it.
She said ________________________________________________________
7. They won't be able to arrive early.
She said ________________________________________________________
8. I won't come with you.
She said ________________________________________________________
9. He won't remember to buy milk.
She said ________________________________________________________
10. It won't rain later I'm sure.
She said ________________________________________________________ 2008 www.perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
11. The Conservatives will win the next election.
She said ________________________________________________________
12. That girl will never pass the exam.
She told us _____________________________________________________
13. John will arrive before David.
She said ________________________________________________________
14. It will be cold tonight.
She said ________________________________________________________
15. Jenny will cook dinner.
She said ________________________________________________________
16. We want to get married next year.
She said ________________________________________________________
17. I won't be able to afford a new car.
She said ________________________________________________________
18. She won't want to attend the meeting.
She said ________________________________________________________
19. Richard won't drink coffee.
She said ________________________________________________________
20. I won't vote at the next election.
She said ________________________________________________________ 2008 www.perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
Answers:
English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen
2007 perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
Perfect-English-Grammar.com
Reported Statements
Change this direct speech into reported speech:
1. He works in a bank
She said ___________________________________________________________
2. We went out last night
She told me ________________________________________________________
3. Im coming!
She said ___________________________________________________________
4. I was waiting for the bus when he arrived
She told me ________________________________________________________
5. Id never been there before
She said ___________________________________________________________
6. I didnt go to the party
She told me ________________________________________________________
7. Lucyll come later
She said ___________________________________________________________
8. He hasnt eaten breakfast
She told me ________________________________________________________
9. I can help you tomorrow
She said ___________________________________________________________ 2007 perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
10. You should go to bed early
She told me ________________________________________________________
11. I dont like chocolate
She told me ________________________________________________________
12. I wont see you tomorrow
She said ___________________________________________________________
13. Shes living in Paris for a few months
She said ___________________________________________________________
14. I visited my parents at the weekend
She told me ________________________________________________________
15. She hasnt eaten sushi before
She said ___________________________________________________________
16. I hadnt travelled by underground before I came to London
She said ___________________________________________________________
17. They would help if they could
She said ___________________________________________________________
18. Ill do the washing-up later
She told me ________________________________________________________
19. He could read when he was three
She said ___________________________________________________________
20. I was sleeping when Julie called
She said ___________________________________________________________ 2007 perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
Reported statements: Answers

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

2008 www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
Reported Yes / No Questions: Present Simple
Change the direct questions into reported questions:
1. Is John at home?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
2. Am I late?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
3. Is it cold outside?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
4. Are they in Paris?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
5. Is the bus stop near the shopping centre?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
6. Is the milk fresh?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
7. Are you a doctor?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
8. Are James and Lucy from France?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
9. Is my brother in the garden?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
10. Is the weather good in Shanghai in the summer?
She asked me if __________________________________________________ 2008 www.perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
11. Does Julie drink tea?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
12. Do you like chocolate?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
13. Do they own a flat?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
14. Does David go to the cinema often?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
15. Do the children study Chinese?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
16. Do they go on holiday every summer?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
17. Does your sister live in Stockholm?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
18. Do I talk too much?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
19. Does Jennifer want a new job?
She asked me if __________________________________________________
20. Does it rain a lot in London?
She asked me if __________________________________________________ 2008 www.perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
Answers:

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

2008 www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
Reported Wh Questions: Present Simple
Change the direct questions into reported questions:
1. Where is the post office?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
2. Why is Julie sad?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
3. What's for dinner?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
4. Who is the woman in the red dress?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
5. How is your grandmother?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
6. When is the party?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
7. How much is the rent on your flat?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
8. Where are the glasses?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
9. How is the weather in Chicago?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
10. Who is the Prime Minister of Canada?
She asked me ___________________________________________________ 2008 www.perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
11. Where do you usually go swimming?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
12. What does Luke do at the weekend?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
13. Where do your parents live?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
14. Who do you go running with?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
15. When does Lucy get up?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
16. How much TV do you watch?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
17. How many books do they own?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
18. Where does John work?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
19. What do the children study on Fridays?
She asked me ___________________________________________________
20. Why do you study English?
She asked me ___________________________________________________ 2008 www.perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
Answers:

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

2007 perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
Perfect-English-Grammar.com
Reported Questions
Change these direct questions into reported speech:
1. Where is he?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
2. What are you doing?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
3. Why did you go out last night?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
4. Who was that beautiful woman?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
5. How is your mother?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
6. What are you going to do at the weekend?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
7. Where will you live after graduation?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
8. What were you doing when I saw you?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
9. How was the journey?
She asked me ______________________________________________________ 2007 perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
10. How often do you go to the cinema?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
11. Do you live in London?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
12. Did he arrive on time?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
13. Have you been to Paris?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
14. Can you help me?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
15. Are you working tonight?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
16. Will you come later?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
17. Do you like coffee?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
18. Is this the road to the station?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
19. Did you do your homework?
She asked me ______________________________________________________
20. Have you studied reported speech before?
She asked me ______________________________________________________ 2007 perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
Reported Questions Answers:

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

Reported Requests and Orders
Change the direct speech into reported speech:
1. Please help me carry this
She asked me ______________________________________________________
2. Please come early
She ______________________________________________________________
3. Please buy some milk
She ______________________________________________________________
4. Could you please open the window?
She ______________________________________________________________
5. Could you bring the book tonight?
She ______________________________________________________________
6. Can you help me with my homework, please?
She ______________________________________________________________
7. Would you bring me a cup of coffee, please?
She ______________________________________________________________
8. Would you mind passing the salt?
She ______________________________________________________________
9. Would you mind lending me a pencil?
She ______________________________________________________________ 2007 perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
10. I was wondering if you could possibly tell me the time?
She ______________________________________________________________
11. Do your homework!
She told me ________________________________________________________
12. Go to bed!
She ______________________________________________________________
13. Dont be late!
She ______________________________________________________________
14. Dont smoke!
She ______________________________________________________________
15. Tidy your room!
She ______________________________________________________________
16. Wait here!
She ______________________________________________________________
17. Dont do that!
She ______________________________________________________________
18. Eat your dinner!
She ______________________________________________________________
19. Dont make a mess!
She ______________________________________________________________
20. Do the washing-up!
She ______________________________________________________________ 2007 perfect-
english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
Reported Orders and Requests Answers:
1. She asked me to help her carry this.
2. She asked me to come early.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

2009 www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
Mixed Reported Speech 1 (Statements, Questions, Requests and Orders)
Change the direct speech into reported speech. Choose the past simple of ask, say
or tell:
1. Dont do it!
She ______________________________________________________________
2. Im leaving tomorrow
She ______________________________________________________________
3. Please get me a cup of tea
She ______________________________________________________________
4. She got married last year
She ______________________________________________________________
5. Be quick!
She ______________________________________________________________
6. Could you explain number four, please?
She ______________________________________________________________
7. Where do you live?
She ______________________________________________________________
8. We went to the cinema and then to a Chinese restaurant
She ______________________________________________________________
9. Ill come and help you at twelve
She ______________________________________________________________ 2009
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
10. What are you doing tomorrow?
She ______________________________________________________________
11. Dont go!
She ______________________________________________________________
12. Do you work in London?
She ______________________________________________________________
13. Could you tell me where the post office is?
She ______________________________________________________________
14. Come here!
She ______________________________________________________________
15. Ive never been to Wales
She ______________________________________________________________
16. Have you ever seen Lord of the Rings?
She ______________________________________________________________
17. I don't like mushrooms
She ______________________________________________________________
18. Don't be silly!
She ______________________________________________________________
19. Would you mind waiting a moment please?
She ______________________________________________________________
20. How often do you play sport?
She ______________________________________________________________ 2009
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

2009 www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
Mixed Reported Speech 2 (Statements, Questions, Requests and Orders)
Change the direct speech into reported speech. Choose the past simple of ask, say
or tell:
1. Come quickly!
She ______________________________________________________________
2. Did you arrive before seven?
She ______________________________________________________________
3. How was your holiday?
She ______________________________________________________________
4. I would have visited the hospital, if I had known you were sick
She ______________________________________________________________
5. Don't touch!
She ______________________________________________________________
6. Do you usually cook at home?
She ______________________________________________________________
7. They had never been to Scotland until last year
She ______________________________________________________________
8. Make sure you arrive early!
She ______________________________________________________________
9. I should have studied harder for the exam
She ______________________________________________________________ 2009
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
10. Would you mind telling me how to get to the art gallery, please?
She ______________________________________________________________
11. Please dont forget my book
She ______________________________________________________________
12. Make sure you arrive at six!
She ______________________________________________________________
13. Remember to study hard!
She ______________________________________________________________
14. Where do you want to eat tonight?
She ______________________________________________________________
15. I usually drink coffee in the mornings
She ______________________________________________________________
16. Do you like studying English?
She ______________________________________________________________
17. Ill come and help you on Saturday
She ______________________________________________________________
18. Please buy some bread on your way home
She ______________________________________________________________
19. Please give this to John
She ______________________________________________________________
20. Could you give me the glass on the table, please?
She ______________________________________________________________ 2009
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

Time and place references

Time and place references often have to change:

now then
today that day
here there
this that
this week that week
tomorrow the following day
the next day
the day after
next week the following week
the next week
the week after
yesterday the previous day
the day before
last week the previous week
the week before
ago previously
before
2 weeks ago 2 weeks previously
2 weeks before
tonight that night
last Saturday the previous Saturday
the Saturday before
next Saturday the following Saturday
the next Saturday
the Saturday after
that Saturday

English Grammar for Beginners By: M.L.Kulabdeen

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