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 High league High league
Problem 1. Evaporation Problem 1. Evaporation
Determine the ratio r/c of the spe i evaporation heat r to the spe i heat Determine the ratio r/c of the spe i evaporation heat r to the spe i h
c of unknown solution. During solution you should estimate un ertainty of the c of unknown solution. During solution you should estimate un ertainty of
result. result.
Equipment. Hot solution (is given by person on duty in ea h room), vessel, Equipment. Hot solution (is given by person on duty in ea h room), ves
s aled tube, thermometer, timer, oil, s aled paper. s aled tube, thermometer, timer, oil, s aled paper.
Note. During work evaluation the jury will onsider not only obtained answers, Note. During work evaluation the jury will onsider not only obtained answ
but the experimental method, result tables and graphs as well. but the experimental method, result tables and graphs as well.

High league High league

Problem 1. Evaporation Problem 1. Evaporation
Determine the ratio r/c of the spe i evaporation heat r to the spe i heat Determine the ratio r/c of the spe i evaporation heat r to the spe i h
c of unknown solution. During solution you should estimate un ertainty of the c of unknown solution. During solution you should estimate un ertainty of
result. result.
Equipment. Hot solution (is given by person on duty in ea h room), vessel, Equipment. Hot solution (is given by person on duty in ea h room), ves
s aled tube, thermometer, timer, oil, s aled paper. s aled tube, thermometer, timer, oil, s aled paper.
Note. During work evaluation the jury will onsider not only obtained answers, Note. During work evaluation the jury will onsider not only obtained answ
but the experimental method, result tables and graphs as well. but the experimental method, result tables and graphs as well.

High league High league

Problem 1. Evaporation Problem 1. Evaporation
Determine the ratio r/c of the spe i evaporation heat r to the spe i heat Determine the ratio r/c of the spe i evaporation heat r to the spe i h
c of unknown solution. During solution you should estimate un ertainty of the c of unknown solution. During solution you should estimate un ertainty of
result. result.
Equipment. Hot solution (is given by person on duty in ea h room), vessel, Equipment. Hot solution (is given by person on duty in ea h room), ves
s aled tube, thermometer, timer, oil, s aled paper. s aled tube, thermometer, timer, oil, s aled paper.
Note. During work evaluation the jury will onsider not only obtained answers, Note. During work evaluation the jury will onsider not only obtained answ
but the experimental method, result tables and graphs as well. but the experimental method, result tables and graphs as well.
 High league Given gray box (g. 6) ontains: one onstant A B C D
voltage sour e with substantial internal resistan e,
Problem 2. Holiday Gray box with relay two identi al resistors and two identi al relays, whi h
Relay is an element whi h is present in many ele tri al orrespond to the above addu ed des ription. Gray S S S S
ir uits. We will explain its working prin iple on the box outside has four wires (A, B, C and D) and ve 1 2 3 4
example of an ele tromagneti relay with one normally 4 light-emitting diodes (S1 , S2 , S3, S4 S5). Fig. 6
opened onta t. This relay ontains ele tromagnet and 3 1. Carry out experiments with gray box and represent all substantial
onta t, whi h mobile plate is situated inPSfrag repla ements
the region of the the further analysis results as a table made  observed. You ould onne t
ele tromagnet a tion. In the absen e of magneti eld the outlets of gray box in any ombinations. You should not keep the diodes work
plate is kept by spring in the position when the onta t is 2 for long (the power supplies will dis harge).
opened (g. 4). The relay has two pairs of outlets (outlets 1 2. List all various ombinations of simultaneously burning light-emitting dio
1 and 2 are from the ele tromagnet, 3 and 4 are from the whi h you observed during experiments. Try to nd out all possible ombinati
onta t). Fig. 4 For ea h ombination give the referen e on at least one experiment resulted in
The onta t and the ele tromagnet are not ele tri ally P table in whi h this ombination was observed.
onne ted, therefore they ould be atta hed to anPSfrag
arbitrary ir uit
repla ements P 3. Determine the ele tri al s heme whi h is inside gray box. During solu
parts. The relay is usually depi ted as two independent elements you ould use that the ele tri al hara teristi s of light-emitting diodes are ident
(g. 5). The ele tromagnet is denoted as a re tangle (resembles Fig. 5 and their ring potential is lose to the relay operation voltage.
resistan e, but with dierent proportions), the onta t is denoted Equipment. Gray box.
as a usual key, whi h has the same designation as the ele tromagnet (in gure 5
it is P ).
The onta t is opened when urrent doesn't ow through the ele tromagnet.
The urrent in rease leads to the magneti for e in rease. The for e a ts on the
mobile onta t part. Under some riti al urrent value the magneti for e be omes
greater than the spring elasti ity for e and the plate turns into position, where it
lo ks the onta t outlets. In this riti al ase the ele tromagnet voltage is alled
operation voltage. Further urrent in rease doesn't hange the state of the onta t.
If the urrent will be de reased, then after some riti al value the magneti for e
be omes less than spring for e, and the onta t opens.
 XIV . XIV .

,
1.
( , ).
 300- .
 200- ,
200- , A A A
.  100- 
100- : A A A A A A
= 1,5 .  ,
. h A A A
, .
g = 9,8 /2 . .
,   B
 . A A A
2. 
  A A A A A A
K
M = 100 . 
A A A
 S
. 
PSfrag 
G,  repla ements h2
A A A
,  h3
h1 = 30 , h2 = 40 h1
h3 = 65 (. 1). G PSfrag repla ements A A A A A A

  A A A
N = 1000 . 
S C
K , . 1 . 2
, 
. 4.
r = 1 = 0,3 . t, , ,
T = 1C. , (
c = 4200 /( C), = ) . x
= 1000 /3 . g = 10 /2 . ()
100%,  h = 30 .
. , , ,
3. n = 3 . n ,
(. 2) R = 100 . . .
, R. .
1. RBC B C . . :
2. E = 24 2 tg 1 tg2 2 tg
B C . . sin 2 =
1 + tg2
, cos 2 =
1 + tg2
, tg 2 =
1 tg2
.

! !
 PSfrag repla ements
XIV . XIV .
3.
P
1. : N I , N A, N B1, N
,  N B2 N B3 (. 4). P0
 ( N ) : B
r1 P0 V0 . I
r2 ,   B2

(r1 + r2 )/2 (. 3). r2 : = CP /CV .  B3 A
. r1
R .
k = r1 /r2 PSfrag repla ements
, 1. 0 V0 V0
 . 4
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 . 3 : P (V ) = aV + b.  ai aa
. 0 = N I N A N .
= 1000 /3 . . 2. N B1, N B2 N B3 (
. ),  4.
C1 , C2 C3 .
2. 3. ()
 P V n = const, n = (C CP )/(C CV ) 
~vi = H~ri , ~ri  - C  .
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.  G . Ix , Ax Bx . , N Bx 
1. ~vi - ~ri N Ix Ax . n C N B2.
j - . 4. I A V0 .
 , 0  , N IAN .
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, ). 
.
2. 0 ?
0 .
3. rmax , 
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4.
.

! !
 XIV . XIV .
4.
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r2 r1
,
.
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E .
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. R , . 
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.
. 
E v = E .

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r2 r1
~
B
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pla ements
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. 5 . 6

! !
 PSfrag repla ements
XIV International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physi s XIV International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physi s
High league Problem 3. Polytropes
A series of experiments are arried out using P
Problem 1. Logs some amount of an ideal gas. These experiments N
The onstru tion shown in the gure 7 in lude the following pro esses N I , N A, N B1, N B2 P0
is oating in the pool. It ontains two glued and N B3 (g. 8). The initial gas state (point N ) B
hollow logs quarters of radii r1 and r2 , on is identi al in all experiments: the gas is under I
whi h a homogeneous logs half of radius (r1 + pressure P0 and o upies volume V0 . From additional B2
+ r2 )/2 is pla ed. All parts of the onstru tion experiments it is known that the ratio of molar
have a ylindri shape and equal length. r2 gas apa ities at onstant pressure and at onstant B3 A
Determine ratio k = r1 /r2 and density of r1
volume is equal to = CP /CV . The universal gas
the upper log for whi h thePSfrag repla ements
onstru tion will onstant R is known. 0 V0 V0
be in the equilibrium. The logs tou hing plane 1. Any quasistati pro ess ould be treated as a Fig. 8
oin ides with the pool water level. Density of linear pro ess in immediate proximity of some point, that is near this point press
water equals 0 = 1000 kg/m3. The mass of Fig. 7 is a linear fun tion of volume: P (V ) = aV + b. Find oe ients ai and aa for
hollow quarters is negligible. You should not isotherm N I and adiabat N A linear approximation near point N .
investigate stability of the equilibrium state. 2. Pro esses N B1, N B2 and N B3 are polytropi (heat apa ity is onsta
and their qualitative graphs are depi ted in gure 8. Determine heat apa ity
Problem 2. Galaxy loud C2 and C3 signs in these pro esses.
A ording to the astronomi al observations all galaxies move away from our 3. Arbitrary polytropi pro ess (polytrope) is des ribed by the equation P V
galaxy with velo ities ~vi = H~ri , where ~ri is radius ve tor of a galaxy with respe t = const, where n = (C CP )/(C CV ) is polytropi onstant, C is molar h
to ours, H = const is Hubble onstant. Galaxy velo ities are mu h less than the apa ity in the onsidered pro ess. Tangents to the pro ess graphs N I , N A
velo ity of light. The gravitational onstant G is known. N B2 in point N interse t some iso hore in points Ix , Ax and Bx respe tively
1. Derive the galaxy velo ities ~vi as a fun tion of their radius-ve tors ~ri with is given that N Bx is a median of the triangle N Ix Ax . Determine values of n
respe t to the j galaxy referen e frame. C for the pro ess N B2 .
Let's onsider a spheri al galaxy loud, whi h initial density 0 is homogeneous 4. In the points I and A the gas o upies equal volume V0 . Determine
over the whole volume (Due to the fa t that louds ontain a great number of e ien y of heat engine, whi h operates a ording to the y le N IAN .
galaxies, a on ept of density for them is introdu es in the same manner as for a
usual bodies with a great number of atoms). The inuen e of other galaxy louds
is small.
2. At what values of 0 loud expansion will hange into ontra tion?
In further onsiderations we will assume that this ondition on 0 is not
satised.
3. Determine maximum loud radius rmax if in the initial moment its radius
was r0 .
4. Find time of the loud ontra tion from the maximum radius to the
innitesimal size.

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XIV International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physi s XIV International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physi s
Problem 4. Corbino disk
Corbino disk (g. 9 and 10) is a devi e whi h an be used for a magneti eld
dete tion. A disk-shape sample of radius r2 with on entri entral opening of
radius r1 is produ ed from the semi ondu tor material. A highly ondu ting rings
tou h the ylindri al surfa es of the sample.
1. Rings are onne ted to the onstant voltage U sour e. Determine the ele tri
eld strength E distribution in the sample. You ould use the fa t that hanges of
the ele tri strength E along the disk axis are innitesimal.
2. The sample is inserted in the region of the homogeneous magneti eld
B . The disk plane orientation is perpendi ular to the magneti eld dire tion.
Determine resistan e of the sample R measured between the rings. In the absen e
of the magneti eld the resistan e is equal to R0. Dependen e R(B) allows to
use this devi e as a magneti eld dete tor. You ould assume that the sample
resistan e stipulates only from the ele tron motion. The ele tron mobility is equal
to , it's on entration is independent of applied ele tri and magneti elds.
Note. If only ele tri eld of strength E is present in the sample, then mean
steady ele tron velo ity is equal to v = E .

~
B
r2 r1
~
B
PSfrag repla ements
pla ements
U U

Fig. 9 Fig. 10

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XV . XV .
4.

1. ( t0 = 0 C, P0 = 101
m1 m2 - = 25%).
1 2 (. 1).
, . .
1. m ? S = 100 2 . ,
2. 1 > 2 , , m1 /m2 . . m = 20
, .
2. 1. t1 ,
N = 10 - ?
( ) 2. t2 ,
(. 2). . - ?
. 3. t3 ,
, F = 300 ?
E = 1 . .
. L . P t
- (. 4). g 10 /2 .
n = 5 . ,
200
. -
. .
180

160
m
m1 m2
1 2 140

P ,
. 1 . 2 120

100
3.
- A 80
r
,
60
(. 3). A

40
.
R A B
. 20

. -
, , B
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 1
. . 3 t, C
. 4
! !
 XV . XV .
3.

1.
y .
, ,
Ox Oy ,
(. 5). - .
= 30 0 x ,
Ox. - .
,
. - T1 = 275 . ,
- T2 = 270 .
. - . 5 1. n
= 0,1. , ?
2. p
. ?
1. T , x 3. ,
. ?
2. . - 4.
- ?
.
. - .
, , ,
T0 = 1 . , T3 = 260 .
T0 = 295 . ,
2. , .
(21 21 ) . ,
,
( 20 22 ) 7 . ,
1. ? .
, . . = Q/A, Q
2. R , , A ,
. .
3. v
.
. , T 365 ,
R = 1,5 1011 . -
, -
. 2008
.

! !
 XV . XV .
4.
, -
L C, r
R (. 6).
r. -
U0 . -
.
C U0
. L
1. T .
2. Imax -
.
3. Q .
. Q = 2W/WT , R
W , , WT
.
. 6

! !
 XV International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XV International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Senior league Problem 3. Refrigerator
A refrigerator has a lever regulating temperature in a chamber. The requi
Problem 1. Oscillations on wires temperature is maintained by means of special device, which turns the refrigerat
Two identical wire angles are xed in y system on and o periodically. When temperature in the chamber exceeds
one plane in such a way that coordinate required temperature by amount more than some xed small value, this dev
axes Ox and Oy are the axes of symmetry turns the refrigerating system on. When temperature in the chamber gets lo
for them. (g. 7). The angle between the than the required temperature by amount more than some xed small value, t
sides of the angles and axis Ox is = 30 . 0 x device turns the refrigerating system o.
Near the vertex of the angle the wire have In a steady state the temperature maintained in the chamber was T1 = 275
a rounding that makes a smooth junction The regulating lever had been turned, and after a while the temperature in
between the sides. Two identical beads can chamber became T2 = 270 K.
move along the wire angles. The coecient 1. How many times n the power of heat transfer from the environment to
of friction between the bead and the wire Fig. 7 chamber has changed?
is = 0.1. The beads are joined with a weightless spring which length in a free 2. How many times p the power of heat transfer from the chamber to
state is equal to the distance between the vertices of the angles. refrigerating system has changed during the period of operating of the system
1. Find the period T of oscillations at which the coordinates x of both beads 3. How many times the percentage of the period of operating of
are always equal. refrigerating system has changed?
2. Find the attenuation of such oscillations. Attenuation here means ratio 4. How many times the period of continuous operating of the refrigerat
of kinetic energy at passing position of equilibrium and kinetic energy after the system has changed?
expiration of a period. Represent the formulas and calculate numerical values accurate to the th
The system is in a weightless state. If one end of the same spring is xed and sign after point.
one of the beads is attached to the other end, the period of vertical oscillations of The lowest temperature to be reached during continuous operating of
this pendulum is T0 = 1 s. refrigerating system is T3 = 260 K. The room temperature is T0 = 295
The power the refrigerator takes from the electrical network during the per
Problem 2. Equinox days of operating of the refrigerating system is constant. The dierence betw
Summer and winter solstice days (June, 21 and December, 21) divide year in temperatures in dierent parts of the chamber may be disregarded. Consider
two equal parts, and summer period between spring and autumn equinox days coecient of performance of the refrigerator to be some xed number of times
(from March, 20 to September, 22) is longer than winter period by 7 days. than the coecient of performance of an ideal cooler body operating accordin
1. When the distance between the Earth and the Sun is maximum and when to the Carnot cycle under the same conditions.
it is minimum? Point out the dates, explain the answer. Note. The coecient of performance is = Q/A, where Q is the quantity
2. Find the dierence R between maximum and minimum values of the heat removed from the cooling body during the cycle, A is the work done on
distance between the Earth and the Sun. body during the cycle.
3. Find the dierence v between maximum and minimum values of orbit
velocity of the Earth.
Note. Consider the Earth year to be T 365 days; the Earth orbit diers a
little from a circle with a radius R = 1.5 1011 m. At solstice days durations of day
and night have the maximum dierence and at equinox days they are equal. Due
to the years 2008 being a leap-year (366 days) the dates of solstice and equinox
days dier from usual.

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XV International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XV International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Problem 4. Earthed circuit
An oscillatory circuit consisting of a coil with inductance L and
a condenser with capacity C was earthed through a resistor with r
small resistance R (g. 8). A conductive sphere with radius r is
connected to the second terminal of the circuit. The condenser was
charged up to the voltage U0 , then a key was closed. Immediately
before the key was closed there were no oscillations in the circuit.
C U0
The condenser and the sphere are far from each other. L
1. Determine the period T of oscillations in the circuit.
2. Find the maximum current Imax in the coil during the
oscillations.
3. Calculate the quality factor Q of the oscillating system.
Note. By denition quality factor is Q = 2W/WT , where W R
is full energy stored in a system, WT losses of this energy over
a period.
Fig. 8

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!

1. 1.
- -
: - : -
, - l l , -
(. 1). - (. 3). -
- -
, . , .
1. T 1. T

l. l.
2. : - . 1 . 3 2. : -
, . , .
3. Tx lx = 65 . 3. Tx lx = 65 .
. , - . , -
, , , . , , , .
. . . .

1. 1.
- -
: - : -
, - l l , -
(. 2). - (. 4). -
- -
, . , .
1. T 1. T

l. l.
2. : - . 2 . 4 2. : -
, . , .
3. Tx lx = 65 . 3. Tx lx = 65 .
. , - . , -
, , , . , , , .
. . . .

2. 2.
- -
. .
, . , .
. (A, B C) - . (A, B C) -
(R1 , R2 R3 ), , (R1 , R2 R3 ), ,
. .

2. 2.
- -
. .
, . , .
. (A, B C) - . (A, B C) -
(R1 , R2 R3 ), , (R1 , R2 R3 ), ,
. .

2. 2.
- -
. .
, . , .
. (A, B C) - . (A, B C) -
(R1 , R2 R3 ), , (R1 , R2 R3 ), ,
. .

2. 2.
- -
. .
, . , .
. (A, B C) - . (A, B C) -
(R1 , R2 R3 ), , (R1 , R2 R3 ), ,
. .

1. 1.
, ,
, , , ,
. - . -
, . , .
1. T d 1. T d
. - . -
. .
2. T 2. T
l ( - d). . l ( - d). .
3. Tx lx = 3. Tx lx =
= 55 . = 55 .
4. G. 4. G.
. , . B C B C  B C B C  . , .
- -
F F

( ). F , - ( ). F , -
l l
- -
, S , , S ,
(. 5), A D A D (. 6),

F . 5 . 6 F
G= . G= .
S S
. , , . , ,
l 50 , , , , . l 50 , , , , .
 .
1. , , .
2. 2. . .
. , - 3. .
-. , 4.
p B .
M  ( ). -
 = p B . , -
, (, , .)
. , - .
, M = 0. , . , , -
. , , 35 , , , ,
M = 0 . , , .
. = 7,8 /3 .
p r r p,
:
0 3p2
F = .
4 r4
,
:
0 6p2
F = .
4 r4
0 /(4) = 107 /.
, -
. , , -
,
.
-
, ,
. -
B,  (-
) ,

I
T = 2 ,
pB

I . , -
m ,
a b:

(a2 + b2 )
I=m .
12
 Junior league Junior league
Problem 1. Rod oscillations Problem 1. Rod oscillations
Assemble a physical pendulum from oered Assemble a physical pendulum from oered
equipment: x line in a stand in such a way that a rod equipment: x line in a stand in such a way that a rod
is horizontal at equilibrium state (g. 7). Investigate l l is horizontal at equilibrium state (g. 9). Investigate
small oscillations of this pendulum, occurring in a small oscillations of this pendulum, occurring in a
plane containing the rod and the line. plane containing the rod and the line.
1. Plot pendulum oscillation period T versus 1. Plot pendulum oscillation period T versus
distance l between suspension point and rods centre distance l between suspension point and rods centre
of mass. of mass.
2. Linearize the dependence: plot it on 2. Linearize the dependence: plot it on
appropriate coordinates in order to get a straight Fig. 7 Fig. 9 appropriate coordinates in order to get a straight
line. line.
3. Determine the period Tx of pendulum oscillations for lx = 65 cm. 3. Determine the period Tx of pendulum oscillations for lx = 65 cm.
Equipment. Metallic rod with a line attached to it, stand, ruler, stopwatch, Equipment. Metallic rod with a line attached to it, stand, ruler, stopwatch,
scaled paper. scaled paper.
Note. It is not allowed to untie the line from the rod. Note. It is not allowed to untie the line from the rod.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Rod oscillations Problem 1. Rod oscillations
Assemble a physical pendulum from oered Assemble a physical pendulum from oered
equipment: x line in a stand in such a way that a rod equipment: x line in a stand in such a way that a rod
is horizontal at equilibrium state (g. 8). Investigate l l is horizontal at equilibrium state (g. 10). Investigate
small oscillations of this pendulum, occurring in a small oscillations of this pendulum, occurring in a
plane containing the rod and the line. plane containing the rod and the line.
1. Plot pendulum oscillation period T versus 1. Plot pendulum oscillation period T versus
distance l between suspension point and rods centre distance l between suspension point and rods centre
of mass. of mass.
2. Linearize the dependence: plot it on 2. Linearize the dependence: plot it on
appropriate coordinates in order to get a straight Fig. 8 Fig. 10 appropriate coordinates in order to get a straight
line. line.
3. Determine the period Tx of pendulum oscillations for lx = 65 cm. 3. Determine the period Tx of pendulum oscillations for lx = 65 cm.
Equipment. Metallic rod with a line attached to it, stand, ruler, stopwatch, Equipment. Metallic rod with a line attached to it, stand, ruler, stopwatch,
scaled paper. scaled paper.
Note. It is not allowed to untie the line from the rod. Note. It is not allowed to untie the line from the rod.
 Junior league Junior league
Problem 2. Black box with knobs Problem 2. Black box with knobs
Determine the simplest of possible circuits in the black box. Find maximum Determine the simplest of possible circuits in the black box. Find maximum
resistance of each variable resistor which rotary knobs are brought out. resistance of each variable resistor which rotary knobs are brought out.
Equipment. Black box with three terminals (A, B and C) and three brought Equipment. Black box with three terminals (A, B and C) and three brought
out rotary knobs of variable resistors (R1 , R2 and R3 ), ohmmeter, scaled paper. out rotary knobs of variable resistors (R1 , R2 and R3 ), ohmmeter, scaled paper.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 2. Black box with knobs Problem 2. Black box with knobs
Determine the simplest of possible circuits in the black box. Find maximum Determine the simplest of possible circuits in the black box. Find maximum
resistance of each variable resistor which rotary knobs are brought out. resistance of each variable resistor which rotary knobs are brought out.
Equipment. Black box with three terminals (A, B and C) and three brought Equipment. Black box with three terminals (A, B and C) and three brought
out rotary knobs of variable resistors (R1 , R2 and R3 ), ohmmeter, scaled paper. out rotary knobs of variable resistors (R1 , R2 and R3 ), ohmmeter, scaled paper.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 2. Black box with knobs Problem 2. Black box with knobs
Determine the simplest of possible circuits in the black box. Find maximum Determine the simplest of possible circuits in the black box. Find maximum
resistance of each variable resistor which rotary knobs are brought out. resistance of each variable resistor which rotary knobs are brought out.
Equipment. Black box with three terminals (A, B and C) and three brought Equipment. Black box with three terminals (A, B and C) and three brought
out rotary knobs of variable resistors (R1 , R2 and R3 ), ohmmeter, scaled paper. out rotary knobs of variable resistors (R1 , R2 and R3 ), ohmmeter, scaled paper.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 2. Black box with knobs Problem 2. Black box with knobs
Determine the simplest of possible circuits in the black box. Find maximum Determine the simplest of possible circuits in the black box. Find maximum
resistance of each variable resistor which rotary knobs are brought out. resistance of each variable resistor which rotary knobs are brought out.
Equipment. Black box with three terminals (A, B and C) and three brought Equipment. Black box with three terminals (A, B and C) and three brought
out rotary knobs of variable resistors (R1 , R2 and R3 ), ohmmeter, scaled paper. out rotary knobs of variable resistors (R1 , R2 and R3 ), ohmmeter, scaled paper.
 Senior league Senior league
Problem 1. Torsional oscillations of a dumbbell Problem 1. Torsional oscillations of a dumbbell
In this problem you are oered to investigate torsional oscillations of a pendulum In this problem you are oered to investigate torsional oscillations of a pendulum
consisting of two loads of equal masses connected with a needle hung on a copper consisting of two loads of equal masses connected with a needle hung on a copper
wire. At rest a needle should be at horizontal position and a wire at vertical wire. At rest a needle should be at horizontal position and a wire at vertical
position. position.
1. Plot torsional oscillation period T versus distance d between suspension centre 1. Plot torsional oscillation period T versus distance d between suspension centre
of a needle and attachment point of a load. Explain the dependence theoretically. of a needle and attachment point of a load. Explain the dependence theoretically.
2. Plot torsional oscillation period T versus wire length l (with d being xed). 2. Plot torsional oscillation period T versus wire length l (with d being xed).
Determine the dependence type. Determine the dependence type.
3. Determine torsional oscillation period Tx with wire length lx = 55 cm. 3. Determine torsional oscillation period Tx with wire length lx = 55 cm.
4. Evaluate shear of elasticity G for copper. 4. Evaluate shear of elasticity G for copper.
Note. Let us clarify what shear of elasticity is. Let a B C B C  B C B C  Note. Let us clarify what shear of elasticity is. Let a
rectangular parallelepiped bar of elastic material is exposed rectangular parallelepiped bar of elastic material is exposed
F F
to shear deformation (without volume changes). F is a force to shear deformation (without volume changes). F is a force
appearing on top face and preventing deformation, S is a appearing on top face and preventing deformation, S is a
l l
square of top face, is an angle of deformation (g. 11), square of top face, is an angle of deformation (g. 12),
then shear of elasticity is (by denition): then shear of elasticity is (by denition):
A D A D
F F
G= . G= .
S Fig. 11 Fig. 12 S
Equipment. Two equal loads of known mass, ruler, wire with length l 50 cm, Equipment. Two equal loads of known mass, ruler, wire with length l 50 cm,
stand, watch, needle, scaled paper. stand, watch, needle, scaled paper.
 Senior league 3. Determine the magnetic moment of a small magnet.
4. Determine the horizontal component of the Earths magnetic eld.
Problem 2. Earths magnetic eld Note. Take into consideration that close magnetic objects (scissors, metallic
Brief theory. It is known that Earths magnetic eld aligns compass needle ruler, stand etc.) may aect the results greatly.
along north-south direction. It is connected with the fact that magnetized needle Equipment. Four identical small magnets, thin thread, stopwatch, pile of paper
with magnetic moment  p in magnetic eld B is exposed to mechanical moment sheets of thickness about 35 mm, ruler, scissors, scotch tape, scaled paper, pencil,
of force M = p B ( is a sign of vector multiplication). Magnetic moment is a thin rubber band. Magnet material density is = 7.8 g/cm3 .
vector directed from south to north magnetic pole. When magnetic moment and
magnetic eld are codirectional, M = 0. It is easy to ascertain that in this case
equilibrium position is stable. If magnetic moment and magnetic eld are dierently
directed, M = 0 but equilibrium is unstable. Magnetic moments determine force
of interaction of permanent magnets. If two identical small magnets with magnetic
moments p are placed at a distance r and r p, they are attracted with a force:

0 3p2
F = .
4 r4
If magnetic moments are directed along the line that connect them, the force of
attraction is twice as large:
0 6p2
F = .
4 r4
Constant 0 /(4) = 107 H/m. Magnetic moment of permanent magnets is an
additive value, i.e., total magnetic moment of a system equals a vector sum of
magnetic moments of systems components. For example, if a permanent magnet
is broken in two, there will be two magnets with half as much magnetic moments.
If strong bar-shaped permanent magnet is hung on a thin vertical thread passing
through magnets centre of mass, torsional oscillations will occur while turning a
magnet in horizontal plane. If horizontal component of magnetic eld induction is
B and elasticity (more properly torsional modulus) of a thread is negligible, then
period of small oscillations will be

I
T = 2 ,
pB

where I is moment of inertia of the bar with respect to axis of rotation. For example,
moment of inertia of a rectangular bar with mass m with respect to the axis passing
normal to the face with dimensions a b through the faces centre is:

(a2 + b2 )
I=m .
12
Task.
1. Find the north and the south poles of a magnet.
2. Determine cardinal points (north, south, west, east). Justify an answer.
 XVI . XVI .

1. 1.
D = 1 D = 1
, , - , , -
. ( ) . . ( ) .

R = 0,1 v = 54 /. m R = 0,1 v = 54 /. m
, - , -
, ? , , ? ,
. = 1 /3 , . = 1 /3 ,
g = 10 /2 . g = 10 /2 .
2. 2.
- P P -
(. 1), V P -- (. 3), V P --
- 2P 2P -
: :
(2V,P ) - (2V,P ) -
(V,2P ). - (V,2P ). -
. P P .
3. 3.
, - , -
- -
, V 2V V V 2V V ,
- -
. 1 . 3
U ( U (
). , ). ,
(. 2). (. 4).
r . - r . -
. .
4. 4.

. , - . , -
r r
- -
R = 10% . R = 10% .
. .
- -
, = 2 , = 2
, , , ,
U U
, ,
= 4 . = 4 .
? . 2 . 4 ?
! !
 XVI . XVI .
2 4. R24,31
R41,23 :
1.
, - d(R24,31 + R41,23 )f
= , (1)
h = 500 = 0,0025% 2 ln 2
. d , f , R24,31 /R41,23 .
h , 1. -
, . - 1 2, R41,23 R24,31 .
0 = 5,6 /3 , R = 6400 . 2. (. 6)
,
2.
   
V1 = 4,0 V2 = 1,0 - R24,31 d R41,23 d
, . exp + exp = 1. (2)

P1 = 2,40
1 = 90%, P2 = 0,85 . 3. R24,31 R41,23 (1) (2).
, .
. 3
1. P 1
.
2. - 4
. 2
3. Pmin - 2 4 1 3
. . 5 . 6
4. min -
. 4.
( ) ( -
T = 373 . )
, . , -
. 1 2 , .
3 4 . 1. 1 , ,
v  c,
3. .
- 2. 1 max
, - ? 1 1 ?
. 3. 2 , ,
, - u  c,
1958 . .
(1, 2, 3, 4), 4. 2 max
(. 5). ? 2 ?
(, 2 3) I23 , -
U41 .
R41,23 = U41 /I23 . , -
1 3,
! !
 XVI International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XVI International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Junior league Junior league
Problem 1. Barrel in truck Problem 1. Barrel in truck
In a truck there is a cylindrical barrel of diameter D = 1 m with light cap and In a truck there is a cylindrical barrel of diameter D = 1 m with light cap and
a passenger sitting on the cap and pressing it down to the barrel with his weight. a passenger sitting on the cap and pressing it down to the barrel with his weight.
The barrel is lled with water up to the cap. The truck passes horizontal road turn The barrel is lled with water up to the cap. The truck passes horizontal road turn
with curvature radius R = 0,1 km at speed v = 54 km/h. What minimum mass m with curvature radius R = 0,1 km at speed v = 54 km/h. What minimum mass m
should the passenger have for water not to lift the cap and to slop out the barrel should the passenger have for water not to lift the cap and to slop out the barrel
while turning? The barrel does not fall, the cap and the passenger do not slide out. while turning? The barrel does not fall, the cap and the passenger do not slide out.
Water density is = 1 g/cm3 , gravity acceleration is g = 10 m/s2 . Water density is = 1 g/cm3 , gravity acceleration is g = 10 m/s2 .

Problem 2. Roundish cycle Problem 2. Roundish cycle

Ideal monoatomic gas undergoes a cycle P P Ideal monoatomic gas undergoes a cycle
(g. 7). Being plotted in V P -coordinates at (g. 9). Being plotted in V P -coordinates at
selected scales of the axes, the cycle consists of 2P 2P selected scales of the axes, the cycle consists of
two paths: quarter of circle with centre at point two paths: quarter of circle with centre at point
(2V,P ) and quarter of circle with centre at point (2V,P ) and quarter of circle with centre at point
(V,2P ). Find thermodynamic eciency of this (V,2P ). Find thermodynamic eciency of this
cycle. P P cycle.

Problem 3. Charged mercury bubble Problem 3. Charged mercury bubble

Being bored for lack of occupation on a Being bored for lack of occupation on a
space station, experimenter Glitch, disregarding V 2V V V 2V V space station, experimenter Glitch, disregarding
safety directions, blew a mercury bubble using a safety directions, blew a mercury bubble using a
Fig. 7 Fig. 9
thin plastic tube and energized the bubble with thin plastic tube and energized the bubble with
high voltage U (with respect to innitely distant high voltage U (with respect to innitely distant
point). After a while the system got into equilibrium, with the tube staying in the point). After a while the system got into equilibrium, with the tube staying in the
bubble with both ends opened (g. 8). Find steady-state radius r of the mercury bubble with both ends opened (g. 10). Find steady-state radius r of the mercury
bubble. Mercury surface tension coecient is known. bubble. Mercury surface tension coecient is known.

Problem 4. No windows, no gates Problem 4. No windows, no gates

For lming an empty studio without doors and For lming an empty studio without doors and
windows was constructed. Gray concrete walls, oor and windows was constructed. Gray concrete walls, oor and
ceiling reect incident light diusely in all directions r r ceiling reect incident light diusely in all directions
with reection index R = 10% for all wavelengths. with reection index R = 10% for all wavelengths.
Point light source is placed inside the studio. To increase Point light source is placed inside the studio. To increase
intensity of illumination director replaced the light intensity of illumination director replaced the light
source with a new one having = 2 times greater source with a new one having = 2 times greater
luminosity and repainted walls, oor and ceiling with luminosity and repainted walls, oor and ceiling with
white color, so reection index increased by = 4 times. white color, so reection index increased by = 4 times.
U U
How many times did average intensity of illumination How many times did average intensity of illumination
increase? increase?
Fig. 8 Fig. 10

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XVI International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XVI International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Senior league where d is lm thickness, f is a factor depending on ratio R24.31 /R41.23 .
1. For a lm of arbitrary form determine resistance between contacts 1 and 2 if
Problem 1. Pendulum in a mine values R41.23 and R24.31 are known.
It is experimentally established that oscillation period of mathematical 2. For semi-innite lm with four contacts on the border (g. 12) show that the
pendulum in a mine with depth h = 500 m is = 0.0025% less than oscillating following ratio is correct:
period of the same pendulum on Earth surface. Estimate average density of the    
earth crust layer of thickness h from surface, considering the Earth as a ball with R24.31 d R41.23 d
exp + exp = 1. (4)
density depending only on distance from the centre. Average Earth density is 0 =
= 5.6 g/cm3 , Earth radius is R = 6400 km.
3. For a case R24.31 R41.23 derive (3) from (4).
Problem 2. Relative balance
Two vessels with volumes V1 = 4.0 l and V2 = 1.0 l are connected with a short 3
1
tube, initially valved o. In the rst vessel there is moist air under a pressure of
P1 = 2.40 atm with a relative humidity 1 = 90%, and in the second water 4
vapour under a pressure P2 = 0.85 atm. The valve opens, and the pressures in the
vessels become equal soon. Then heat balance is establishing slowly with an opened 2
2 4 1 3
valve. Fig. 11 Fig. 12
1. Determine the pressure P of moist air after the heat balance is achieved.
2. Determine the relative humidity of air after the heat balance is achieved.
3. Determine the minimum pressure Pmin in the rst vessel in the process of Problem 4. Detector in front of a mirror
balance establishing. Plane (travelling from an innitely distant source) monochromatic light wave
4. Determine the minimum humidity min in the rst vessel in the process of with wavelength is incident on a plane mirror at the angle to the normal. By
balance establishing. means of a small detector the signal proportional to the intensity of light at the
Thick metal vessel walls and crumpled wire inside the vessels provide constant point of observation is registered.
gas temperature T = 373 K. Volumes of the tube and the wire may be neglected; 1. Determine the frequency 1 of a variable signal if the mirror is xed
possibility of appearing of supersaturated vapour may not be taken into account. (motionless) and the detector moves at the velocity v  c, the velocity being
Questions 1 and 2 require both common answers (expressions) and numerical directed at the angle to the plane of the mirror.
answers, and questions 3 and 4 only numerical ones. 2. What is the maximum frequency 1 max in this case for all possible and ?
At what 1 and 1 it is achieved?
Problem 3. Van der Pauw method 3. Determine the frequency 2 of a variable signal if the detector is xed and
Often thin conductive lms of a sophisticated form grown on non-conductive the mirror is engaged in translational motion at the velocity u  c; the velocity
dielectric base are investigated. Since it is dicult to make a sample of a regular lies in the plane of light incidence and is normal to the incident wave rays.
rectangle form, in 1958 Van der Pauw oered the following method of measuring 4. What is the maximum frequency 2 max in this case for all possible ? At
resistivity of such objects. what 2 it is achieved?
Four small contacts (1, 2, 3, 4) are burned in a lm at arbitrary distances from
each other (g. 11). Current with intensity I23 is passed through two neighboring
contacts (for example, 2 and 3) and between two other contacts voltage U41 is
measured. R41.23 = U41 /I23 is calculated using measured values. Then the second
measurement is held on. Current passes between contacts 1 and 3 and voltage is
measured between contacts 2 and 4. Using resulting resistance R24.31 and resistance
R41.23 resistivity of a conductive lm can be calculated:
d(R24.31 + R41.23 )f
= , (3)
2 ln 2
Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 2

-2010
 XVII . XVII .

1. 1.
A B A B
, - , -
1,5 . 1,5 .
A B N 1,3N . - A B N 1,3N . -
. N1 N2 . N1 N2
? ?
. . . .

2. 2.
, ,
, U , - - , U , - -
. .
. T . . T .

3. 3.
R0 = 6 - R0 = 6 -
, - , -
, ,
, , - , , -
(. 1). - (. 4). -
R A A B R A A B
B. . . 1 B. . . 4

4. 4.
, ,
( - ( -
), ),
( l 1,5 , d 0,5 ), - ( l 1,5 , d 0,5 ), -

. .
, ,
(. 2), a1 = 25 (. 5), a1 = 25
a2 = 42 , (. 3) - a2 = 42 , (. 6) -
. D . D
. , . ,
. .

. 2 . 3 . 5 . 6

! !
 XVII . XVII .
, -)?
, R .
1. 2. W -, -
, R = 50 -
. , U = 0,65 T = 5 .
- 3. E .
. , . -
R = 10 , -
v = 1 /, . e = 1,6 1019 ,
= 80 . R0 = 10 . mp mn m = 1,7 1027 ,
1. , c = 3 108 /.
?
2. n ?

U
2. - d R
-
: - E Y
Tx = +10,0 C, (
!) - . 7
T1 = +30,5 C, T0 = +30,0 C.
:
, , 4.
.
T2 ? (. 8, 9).
, ( - 1. d .
) - . 2. u .
. v -
3. ( ) :
- 
. - g 2
v= + ,
2
2A ( ) d = 300 -
, g = 9,8 /2 , = 0,073 / -
. 7. - , = 1000 /3 .
- (
).
- = 13 . -
- = 13 . -

= 0,2 2 /( ). - = 10 .
1. Emin
(

! !
 XVII . XVII .

. 8. ( )

. 9. ( )
! !
 XVII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XVII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Buses in the rain Problem 1. Buses in the rain

In rainy windless weather two parallelepiped-shaped buses varying only in In rainy windless weather two parallelepiped-shaped buses varying only in
length in 1.5 times were moving from point A to point B at the same constant length in 1.5 times were moving from point A to point B at the same constant
velocity. While moving from A to B the buses were touched by N and 1.3N rain velocity. While moving from A to B the buses were touched by N and 1.3N rain
drops respectively. On the way back the buses moved at half velocity. How many drops respectively. On the way back the buses moved at half velocity. How many
rain drops N1 and N2 touched the buses on the way back? Do not take drops rain drops N1 and N2 touched the buses on the way back? Do not take drops
deection caused by air ows into consideration. It is not necessary to give general deection caused by air ows into consideration. It is not necessary to give general
answers. answers.

Problem 2. Electrogas Problem 2. Electrogas

Voltage U is applied to a conductive solid sphere covered with thin isolating Voltage U is applied to a conductive solid sphere covered with thin isolating
layer and surrounded by helium medium. Because of this voltage single-charged layer and surrounded by helium medium. Because of this voltage single-charged
ions adhere to the solid sphere. Then the solid sphere is placed to large empty ions adhere to the solid sphere. Then the solid sphere is placed to large empty
vessel and the voltage is removed. Find ion gas temperature T in the vessel. vessel and the voltage is removed. Find ion gas temperature T in the vessel.

Problem 3. Triangle fractal Problem 3. Triangle fractal

Flat gure consisted of many equilateral triangles is Flat gure consisted of many equilateral triangles is
made of thin wire with resistance R0 = 6 , the sides made of thin wire with resistance R0 = 6 , the sides
of each of the triangles from the second to the last of each of the triangles from the second to the last
being midlines of the preceeding ones (g. 10). Calculate being midlines of the preceeding ones (g. 13). Calculate
resistance R of the gure between points A and B. All resistance R of the gure between points A and B. All
connecting points are well-soldered. A B connecting points are well-soldered. A B
Fig. 10 Fig. 13
Problem 4. Authors glasses Problem 4. Authors glasses
Wishing to understand working principles of widely advertised eyeglasses with a Wishing to understand working principles of widely advertised eyeglasses with a
lot of regularly situated perforations (pinhole glasses), the author of the problem lot of regularly situated perforations (pinhole glasses), the author of the problem
made two small nearby holes in nontransparent screen (distance between them is made two small nearby holes in nontransparent screen (distance between them is
l 1.5 mm, their diameters are d 0.5 mm), placed this screen in close proximity l 1.5 mm, their diameters are d 0.5 mm), placed this screen in close proximity
to the eye right opposite the pupil (the contractile aperture in the iris of the eye to the eye right opposite the pupil (the contractile aperture in the iris of the eye
Websters Dictionary) and started to sight a bright lighting point through the holes. Websters Dictionary) and started to sight a bright lighting point through the holes.
During the experiment it was discovered that the light source image on the During the experiment it was discovered that the light source image on the
retina was seen double (g. 11) if the source was closer than a1 = 25 cm or farther retina was seen double (g. 14) if the source was closer than a1 = 25 cm or farther
than a2 = 42 cm from the eye and merged into one spot (g. 12) at intermediate than a2 = 42 cm from the eye and merged into one spot (g. 15) at intermediate
source positions. Determine optical power D of glasses the author needs. Consider source positions. Determine optical power D of glasses the author needs. Consider
that the eye-lens was relaxed and its optical power was not change during the that the eye-lens was relaxed and its optical power was not change during the
experiment. experiment.

Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 14 Fig. 15

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XVII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XVII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Senior league 2. Determine kinetic energy W of one -particle which forced an oscillograph
detecting rectangular impulse with voltage U = 0.65 mV and duration T = 5 ns,
Problem 1. Night insect resistance being R = 50 k.
Some insects are adapted to y at night along a straight line using the Moon 3. Determine source EMF E in the preceeding experiment.
as orienting point. After choosing initial direction they maintain constant angle Note. Charge carriers mobility is the coecient of proportionality between
between their velocity vector and direction toward the centre of the Moon. One charge drift velocity and electric eld intensity. Elementary charge is
insect being at distance R = 10 m from a street lamp considered it as the Moon e = 1.6 1019 C, proton and neutron masses are mp mn m = 1.7 1027 kg,
and started moving at constant velocity v = 1 m/s in one plane, maintaining the speed of light in vacuum is c = 3 108 m/s.
angle = 80 . The street lamp is a sphere with radius R0 = 10 cm.
1. In what time will the insect run into the lamp if always orienting to it as
electrode
the Moon?
U
2. How many turns n around the lamp will the insect make before? d diamond R

Problem 2. Air-conditioning refrigerator electrode E Y

Experimentor Glitchs single-chamber refrigerator stopped freezing properly:
while working at full power temperature in the chamber was only Tx = +10.0 C, Fig. 16
and (what was the worst for Glitch who hated heat!) temperature in the room
increased up to T1 = +30.5 C because of the refrigerator, yet it was only
T0 = +30.0 C outdoors. Problem 4. Waves in stream
So Glitch decided to convert the refrigerator into air conditioner: he attached it While water ows round a stick pushed into the river oor, surface waves xed
to the window from outside in such a way that refrigerator door was in the plane with respect to the river bank appear (g. 17, 18).
of the window and removed the door. 1. Determine stick diameter d.
What temperature T2 will be then in the room? Consider the refrigerator being 2. Determine stream ow velocity u.
ideal, heat ow through the door (when the refrigerator had it) and window glasses Note. Dependence of surface waves velocity v on wave length (dispersion
area changing can be neglected. law) is given by: 
g 2
Problem 3. Diamond detector v= + ,
2
In modern laboratories ionizing-radiation diamond detectors are widely
used for detecting elementary particles. The detector under consideration is a where g = 9.8 m/s2 is acceleration of gravity, = 0.073 N/m is coecient of water
2A-type-diamond (such diamonds are mined in Yakutia) monocrystal plate with surface tension, = 1000 kg/m3 is water density.
width d = 300 m and electrodes evaporated onto its side surfaces; it is connected
to the circuit as it is shown on g. 16. Interaction between -particles ow falling
onto the detector and the diamond causes electron-hole pairs (unbound electrons
in conductivity band and holes in valence band).
Characteristic -particle path length in the detector is = 13 m. Average
energy of an electron-hole pair formation is = 13 eV. Electron and hole mobilities
in the diamond can be considered as equal: = 0.2 m2 /(V s). Electron-hole pair
recombination time is = 10 ns.
1. What minimum source electromotive force (EMF) Emin the detector requires
to work in spectrometer mode (i.e., total charge appeared in the detector and
proportional to -particle energy goes through the circuit)? Consider the source
being ideal and resistance R being small enough.

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XVII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XVII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics

Fig. 17. Short waves in front of the stick (large scale)

Fig. 18. Long waves behind the stick (small scale)

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!


1. 1.
. .
w = 1000 /3 . w = 1000 /3 .
. .
, , , , - , , , , -
. .
. .
, . , .

1. 1.
. .
w = 1000 /3 . w = 1000 /3 .
. .
, , , , - , , , , -
. .
. .
, . , .

1. 1.
. .
w = 1000 /3 . w = 1000 /3 .
. .
, , , , - , , , , -
. .
. .
, . , .


2. 2.
1 1
, - , -
, . 1. , . 4.
. .

. 4 . 4
. , . 3 2 . , . 3 2
. 1 . 4

2. 2.
1 1
, - , -
, . 2. , . 5.
. .

. 4 . 4
. , . 3 2 . , . 3 2
. 2 . 5

2. 2.
1 1
, - , -
, . 3. , . 6.
. .

. 4 . 4
. , . 3 2 . , . 3 2
. 3 . 6


1. 1.
Tmax Tmax
. .
. , , , . . , , , .

1. 1.
Tmax Tmax
. .
. , , , . . , , , .

1. 1.
Tmax Tmax
. .
. , , , . . , , , .

1. 1.
Tmax Tmax
. .
. , , , . . , , , .


2. 2.
B - B -
(, B ). (, B ).
Bh = 1,3 105 . Bh = 1,3 105 .
. , - . , -
= 7,8 /3 P = 0,15 /, = 7,8 /3 P = 0,15 /,
, , , , , - , , , , , -
, . , .
. , - . , -
(, , .) (, , .)
. .
, - , -
. ( . (
). ).
S I P = IS - S I P = IS -
. .
M = P B sin , - M = P B sin , -
P B.  P B. 

2. 2.
B - B -
(, B ). (, B ).
Bh = 1,3 105 . Bh = 1,3 105 .
. , - . , -
= 7,8 /3 P = 0,15 /, = 7,8 /3 P = 0,15 /,
, , , , , - , , , , , -
, . , .
. , - . , -
(, , .) (, , .)
. .
, - , -
. ( . (
). ).
S I P = IS - S I P = IS -
. .
M = P B sin , - M = P B sin , -
P B.  P B. 
 Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Ice with inclusion Problem 1. Ice with inclusion

Determine average density of given sample of ice with inclusion. Water density Determine average density of given sample of ice with inclusion. Water density
is w = 1000 kg/m3 . is w = 1000 kg/m3 .
Equipment. Sample of ice with inclusion being given only once, plastic glass, Equipment. Sample of ice with inclusion being given only once, plastic glass,
snow or ice chips, water, graph paper. snow or ice chips, water, graph paper.
Note. If the ice melts before necessary measurements are taken during the Note. If the ice melts before necessary measurements are taken during the
experiment, the other sample will not be given. experiment, the other sample will not be given.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Ice with inclusion Problem 1. Ice with inclusion

Determine average density of given sample of ice with inclusion. Water density Determine average density of given sample of ice with inclusion. Water density
is w = 1000 kg/m3 . is w = 1000 kg/m3 .
Equipment. Sample of ice with inclusion being given only once, plastic glass, Equipment. Sample of ice with inclusion being given only once, plastic glass,
snow or ice chips, water, graph paper. snow or ice chips, water, graph paper.
Note. If the ice melts before necessary measurements are taken during the Note. If the ice melts before necessary measurements are taken during the
experiment, the other sample will not be given. experiment, the other sample will not be given.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Ice with inclusion Problem 1. Ice with inclusion

Determine average density of given sample of ice with inclusion. Water density Determine average density of given sample of ice with inclusion. Water density
is w = 1000 kg/m3 . is w = 1000 kg/m3 .
Equipment. Sample of ice with inclusion being given only once, plastic glass, Equipment. Sample of ice with inclusion being given only once, plastic glass,
snow or ice chips, water, graph paper. snow or ice chips, water, graph paper.
Note. If the ice melts before necessary measurements are taken during the Note. If the ice melts before necessary measurements are taken during the
experiment, the other sample will not be given. experiment, the other sample will not be given.
 Junior league Junior league

Problem 2. Star in delta Problem 2. Star in delta

Black box with four enumerated terminals contains 1 Black box with four enumerated terminals contains 1
six resistors connected according to the scheme on g. 7. six resistors connected according to the scheme on g. 10.
Three resistors of outer perimeter have equal resistances. Three resistors of outer perimeter have equal resistances.
Determine resistances of all resistors of the black box. Determine resistances of all resistors of the black box.
Equipment. Black box, ohmmeter. Equipment. Black box, ohmmeter.
4 4
3 2 3 2
Fig. 7 Fig. 10

Junior league Junior league

Problem 2. Star in delta Problem 2. Star in delta

Black box with four enumerated terminals contains 1 Black box with four enumerated terminals contains 1
six resistors connected according to the scheme on g. 8. six resistors connected according to the scheme on g. 11.
Three resistors of outer perimeter have equal resistances. Three resistors of outer perimeter have equal resistances.
Determine resistances of all resistors of the black box. Determine resistances of all resistors of the black box.
Equipment. Black box, ohmmeter. Equipment. Black box, ohmmeter.
4 4
3 2 3 2
Fig. 8 Fig. 11

Junior league Junior league

Problem 2. Star in delta Problem 2. Star in delta

Black box with four enumerated terminals contains 1 Black box with four enumerated terminals contains 1
six resistors connected according to the scheme on g. 9. six resistors connected according to the scheme on g. 12.
Three resistors of outer perimeter have equal resistances. Three resistors of outer perimeter have equal resistances.
Determine resistances of all resistors of the black box. Determine resistances of all resistors of the black box.
Equipment. Black box, ohmmeter. Equipment. Black box, ohmmeter.
4 4
3 2 3 2
Fig. 9 Fig. 12
 Senior league Senior league

Problem 1. Line around rod Problem 1. Line around rod

Determine force Tmax of line break and coecient of friction of line on a rod. Determine force Tmax of line break and coecient of friction of line on a rod.
Equipment. Dynamometer, piece of line, rod, screw-clamp. Equipment. Dynamometer, piece of line, rod, screw-clamp.

Senior league Senior league

Problem 1. Line around rod Problem 1. Line around rod

Determine force Tmax of line break and coecient of friction of line on a rod. Determine force Tmax of line break and coecient of friction of line on a rod.
Equipment. Dynamometer, piece of line, rod, screw-clamp. Equipment. Dynamometer, piece of line, rod, screw-clamp.

Senior league Senior league

Problem 1. Line around rod Problem 1. Line around rod

Determine force Tmax of line break and coecient of friction of line on a rod. Determine force Tmax of line break and coecient of friction of line on a rod.
Equipment. Dynamometer, piece of line, rod, screw-clamp. Equipment. Dynamometer, piece of line, rod, screw-clamp.

Senior league Senior league

Problem 1. Line around rod Problem 1. Line around rod

Determine force Tmax of line break and coecient of friction of line on a rod. Determine force Tmax of line break and coecient of friction of line on a rod.
Equipment. Dynamometer, piece of line, rod, screw-clamp. Equipment. Dynamometer, piece of line, rod, screw-clamp.
 Senior league Senior league

Problem 2. Total magnetic eld of the Earth Problem 2. Total magnetic eld of the Earth
Determine value of Earth magnetic eld induction B and magnetic inclination Determine value of Earth magnetic eld induction B and magnetic inclination
(angle between vector B  and horizon). Horizontal constituent of Earth magnetic (angle between vector B  and horizon). Horizontal constituent of Earth magnetic
eld in Yakutsk is Bh = 1.3 105 T. eld in Yakutsk is Bh = 1.3 105 T.
Equipment. Four identical constant magnets, each of them with density = Equipment. Four identical constant magnets, each of them with density =
= 7.8 g/cm3 and magnetic moment P = 0.15 J/T, thin thread, pencil, ruler, = 7.8 g/cm3 and magnetic moment P = 0.15 J/T, thin thread, pencil, ruler,
scissors, tape, screen with xed hook made of non-magnetic material, graph paper. scissors, tape, screen with xed hook made of non-magnetic material, graph paper.
Note. Bear in mind that closely located magnetic objects (scissors, metallic Note. Bear in mind that closely located magnetic objects (scissors, metallic
ruler, support etc.) may signicantly inuence experimental results. ruler, support etc.) may signicantly inuence experimental results.
Magnetic moment is a vector directed from south pole of the magnet to its north Magnetic moment is a vector directed from south pole of the magnet to its north
pole. Magnetic moment is additive (total magnetic moment of a system equals the pole. Magnetic moment is additive (total magnetic moment of a system equals the
vector sum of magnetic moments of its parts). Magnetic moment of a turn with vector sum of magnetic moments of its parts). Magnetic moment of a turn with
area S and current I is equal to P = IS and directed along normal line to the plane area S and current I is equal to P = IS and directed along normal line to the plane
of the turn. Magnetized arrow in a magnetic eld experiences mechanical moment of the turn. Magnetized arrow in a magnetic eld experiences mechanical moment
of forces M = P B sin , where is an angle between magnetic moment P of the of forces M = P B sin , where is an angle between magnetic moment P of the
arrow and vector of magnetic induction B.  arrow and vector of magnetic induction B. 

Senior league Senior league

Problem 2. Total magnetic eld of the Earth Problem 2. Total magnetic eld of the Earth
Determine value of Earth magnetic eld induction B and magnetic inclination Determine value of Earth magnetic eld induction B and magnetic inclination
(angle between vector B  and horizon). Horizontal constituent of Earth magnetic (angle between vector B  and horizon). Horizontal constituent of Earth magnetic
eld in Yakutsk is Bh = 1.3 105 T. eld in Yakutsk is Bh = 1.3 105 T.
Equipment. Four identical constant magnets, each of them with density = Equipment. Four identical constant magnets, each of them with density =
= 7.8 g/cm3 and magnetic moment P = 0.15 J/T, thin thread, pencil, ruler, = 7.8 g/cm3 and magnetic moment P = 0.15 J/T, thin thread, pencil, ruler,
scissors, tape, screen with xed hook made of non-magnetic material, graph paper. scissors, tape, screen with xed hook made of non-magnetic material, graph paper.
Note. Bear in mind that closely located magnetic objects (scissors, metallic Note. Bear in mind that closely located magnetic objects (scissors, metallic
ruler, support etc.) may signicantly inuence experimental results. ruler, support etc.) may signicantly inuence experimental results.
Magnetic moment is a vector directed from south pole of the magnet to its north Magnetic moment is a vector directed from south pole of the magnet to its north
pole. Magnetic moment is additive (total magnetic moment of a system equals the pole. Magnetic moment is additive (total magnetic moment of a system equals the
vector sum of magnetic moments of its parts). Magnetic moment of a turn with vector sum of magnetic moments of its parts). Magnetic moment of a turn with
area S and current I is equal to P = IS and directed along normal line to the plane area S and current I is equal to P = IS and directed along normal line to the plane
of the turn. Magnetized arrow in a magnetic eld experiences mechanical moment of the turn. Magnetized arrow in a magnetic eld experiences mechanical moment
of forces M = P B sin , where is an angle between magnetic moment P of the of forces M = P B sin , where is an angle between magnetic moment P of the
arrow and vector of magnetic induction B.  arrow and vector of magnetic induction B. 
 XVIII . XVIII .
F

1.
, m1 ,
m2 m3 ,
(. 1), . x
d
1. -
?
2. -
x. 2l
- m3
? y . 3
.
m1 m2 -
. -
(. 2, 3). -
. . . 1 F , (
) 2l = 1 . C
2. d = 0,5
2010- . . ( , . 3). -
, x0 = 100 F0 = 1,6 ,
h = 0,335 . (- xmax = 332
1997- ) - Fmax = 48 .
. , ,
: = E, (
, - ), E (, -
. , - ), (
. ).
, - .
. 1. F x x.
2. E .
3. max .
?
4. max () .
5. , ,
,
, ,


. Fmax
, H = 0,1 ,

2L = 2 D = 0,5 ?

. 2
! !
 XVIII . XVIII .
3.
-
H = 1 T1 =
= 7 C. -
T2 = 0 C.
v = 0,1 /,
= 10 /(2 ). t -
h =
= 0,05 ? H -
. s = 900 /3 ,
w = 1000 /3
Tmax = 4 C.
c = 4200 /( C), -
= 335 /.
, .
. . 4 -
, - . 4
.

4.
-
. -
, U0 .
R1 -
U1 . U2 ,
( ) -
R2 ?

! !
 XVIII . XVIII .



(. 6). - R
1. U-
U- - L H = L/2 (- E
L
, - , - d
- ) -
H = 25 = 0,8 /3 (. 5).
H L
a - ,
, . 6
H d = 300 -
?
, - = 4,5.
L = 5 , -
. . E , -
( , ),
R (
2. ).
- E , R = 0,8 E = 10 . -
- .
, P V . v -




E : = v/E.

P P0

V V0
. 5


+



P

V
= 1,
4.
P0 , P , V0 , V , (. 7) Ox - y
P0 > P > 0 V0 > V > 0. - , A
X, Oy . - B
Y . . ABC -
1. A . C, A
B
C
C(x; y)
2. ? C
, -
3. X . O x
C. f ,
x y C , -
3. x < 0, y
= 0.
2010- . . CA CB -
, Ox.
. 7
h = 0,335 . - . -
, , - (f > 0), (f < 0).

.
( .., -
.., ..),
( 7 2008- ).

! !
 XVIII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XVIII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Junior league F

Problem 1. Three weights

System consisted of three weights with masses m1 ,
m2 and m3 , one mobile and two immobile pulleys
(g. 8) is in state of equilibrium. x
1. At what relations between masses of the weights d
is it possible?
2. The left pulley is moved by distance x to
the left. Will the central pulley be lower or higher at
its new equilibrium position in comparison with the m3 2l
initial one? Find the dierence y between heights of Fig. 10
these positions.
The pulleys and the threads are weightless. There m1 m2 The experiment aimed to study elastic properties of graphene is set in the
is no friction in the pulleys. The weights and the following way (g. 9, 10). Diamond probe of atomic-force microscope made in form
Fig. 8
pulleys are not in contact. of a thin blade acts on the middle of the graphene lm with force F , the lm being
xed (but not tightened) on the edges of a thin groove with width of 2l = 1 m.
Problem 2. Elastic properties of graphene Force of pressure is evenly distributed over the whole graphene lm width which
The Nobel Prize of Physics for 2010 was awarded to A. Geim and K. Novoselov is d = 0.5 m (if measured perpendicularly to plane showed on g. 10). To bend
for discovering graphene, a monoatomic layer of graphite having thickness of h = the middle of the lm by value x0 = 100 nm force F0 = 1.6 N was needed, and
= 0.335 nm. During his lecture in MIPT Konstantin Novoselov (MIPT graduate, having the middle bent by xmax = 332 nm, the lm breaks because of the force
FPQE, 1997) mentioned unique mechanical characteristics of graphene. Graphene Fmax = 48 N acting.
is the most elastic and the strongest material known: its Youngs modulus exceeds Consider that until the lm breaks Hookes law is valid, i.e., = E, where
Youngs modulus of diamond, and its strength is by almost two orders greater is mechanical tension (ratio of tension force to cross-sectional area), E is Youngs
than those of special steels. Moreover, graphene lm has enormous elasticity. Idea modulus (constant elastic characteristic of the material), is relative deformation
of experiment and numerical data for the following problem were taken from an (ratio of elongation to initial length). Changing of lm thickness and width during
article by a group of scientists from Columbia university, USA, who were rst to deformation may be neglected.
study elastic properties of graphene. 1. Determine dependence F on x for small deformations x.
2. Determine Youngs modulus E of graphene.
3. Determine maximum relative deformation of graphene max . How many
percentage may graphene lm be stretched by?
4. Determine maximum tension max (strength) of graphene.
5. Let us suppose that in analogical experiment one tests the strength of a tape
made not of traditional polyethylene, but of material with elastic and strength
characteristics of graphene, i.e., with the same Youngs modulus, maximum relative


deformation and strength. What force Fmax is needed to tear graphene tape with
width of H = 0.1 mm by pressing the middle of xed stripe with length of 2L =
= 2 cm and width of D = 0.5 cm with the edge of a metallic ruler?

Fig. 9
Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XVIII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XVIII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Problem 3. Winter pond
Large cylindrical pond is lled with water with depth air
of H = 1 m at temperature T1 = 7 C. Suddenly it starts
snowing big akes with snow temperature T2 = 0 C. On the
land snow layer thickness increases at a rate of v = 0.1 m/h dry snow
and snow mass rises at a rate of = 10 kg/(m2 h). At what
moment of time t will pond surface be covered with dry snow melted snow
layer with thickness of h = 0.05 m? Determine changing with snow
H of pond depth up to that moment. Ice density is s =
= 900 kg/m3 , water density is w = 1000 kg/m3 and slightly cooled water
depends on temperature, its maximum value being at Tmax = with snow
= 4 C. Specic heat of water is c = 4200 J/(kg C), specic
heat of melting of ice is = 335 kJ/kg. Heat conductivity of partially
water, snow and air may be neglected. cooled
Hint. State the system will be in at the required moment clear water
is shown schematically on g. 11.
Fig. 11
Problem 4. Unknown curcuit
Some electric circuit have two terminals and consists of resistors and sources of
constant voltage only. Being connected to the terminals, ideal voltmeter measured
voltage U0 . When resistor with resistance R1 was connected to the terminals,
the voltmeter measured voltage U1 . What voltage U2 will the voltmeter measure
after connecting the second resistor with resistance R2 to the terminals (without
disconnecting the rst one)?

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XVIII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XVIII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Senior league Problem 3. Mobility of carriers in graphene
The Nobel Prize of Physics for 2010 was awarded to A. Geim and K. Novoselov
Problem 1. U-form tube for discovering graphene, a monoatomic layer of graphite having thickness of h =
Thin tall U-form tube with constant cross-section and L = 0.335 nm. Graphene has unique electronic characteristics, in particular, it is
opened ends is lled with water, and in one of vertical bends prospective material to be widely used in nanoelectronics instead of traditional
oil is poured over water, oil column being of height H = 25 cm, silicon elements because of high mobility of its current carriers. Data for the
oil density being = 0.8 g/cm3 (g. 12). At what minimum following problem are taken from article Electronic transport in graphene
constant acceleration a should the tube move horizontally for (Morozov S.V., Novoselov K.S., Geim A.K.) published in Advances in Physical
upper levels of liquids in vertical bends to be on one horizontal Sciences (Issue 7, 2008).
H Graphene conductivity is
line? Liquids do not pour out the tube, oil does not mix with
water and does not pour into the horizontal part of the tube studied in the following way
with length L = 5 cm. Capillary eects may be neglected. (g. 13). Graphene lm with R
length of L and width of H = E
= L/2 (if measured in direction d
Problem 2. Abstract process which is perpendicular to the
During quasistatic isothermal process ideal gas has been plane of the gure) lies on a well
only once in each state in which its pressure P and volume V H L
conductive silicon base covered
satised equation with layer of silicon oxide with Fig. 13




width of d = 300 nm and dielectric

P P0

V V0



+

permeability of = 4.5. In graphene concentration of free intrinsic current carriers

P

V
= 1, Fig. 12
is very small, but with voltage E being applied between graphene lm and silicon
where P0 , P , V0 , V are known constants of corresponding base concentration of electrons may be signicantly increased (so-called electron
dimensions, with P0 > P > 0 and V0 > V > 0. In the doping), therefore, graphene lm resistance R may be controlled (eld transistor
initial state vessel contained only gas X, gas quantity increased only because of operating is based on this principle). Film resistance measured by ohmmeter was
adding gas Y . Molar masses of both gases are the same. proved to be inversely related to voltage E , with R = 0.8 k when E = 10 V.
1. Determine modulus of work A of the gas in the whole process. Calculate current carriers mobility from these data.
2. How many times has gas quantity increased by the end of the process? Note. Mobility is the ratio of drift rate v of current carriers to inner eld
3. Determine fraction of gas X in the mixture by the end of the process. intensity E: = v/E.

Problem 4. Right angles in lens

On coordinate plane (g. 14) axis Ox coincides y
with principal optical axis of a thin lens, axis Oy A
lying in the plane of the lens. Object of imaging is B
a triangle ABC with right angle at the apex C and
image is a triangle A
B
C
with right angle at the C(x; y)
apex C
which is an image of the point C. Lens focal O x
length f and coordinates x and y of the point C are
known, with x < 0, y
= 0. Determine tangents of
angles of CA and CB inclination to positive direction
of the axis Ox.
Note. Lens may be either converging (f > 0) or
Fig. 14
diverging (f < 0).

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!


1. 1.
k1 , k2 k3 k1 , k2 k3
. .
. A B, , - . A B, , -
, . , .
. 5 . . 5 .

1. 1.
k1 , k2 k3 k1 , k2 k3
. .
. A B, , - . A B, , -
, . , .
. 5 . . 5 .

1. 1.
k1 , k2 k3 k1 , k2 k3
. .
. A B, , - . A B, , -
, . , .
. 5 . . 5 .

1. 1.
k1 , k2 k3 k1 , k2 k3
. .
. A B, , - . A B, , -
, . , .
. 5 . . 5 .


2. 2.
1. R - 1. R -
. .
2. . 2. .
3. . 3. .
. A B - . A B -
, , , , - , , , , -
, , . , , .
. ( ) . ( )
, . , .
. .

2. 2.
1. R - 1. R -
. .
2. . 2. .
3. . 3. .
. A B - . A B -
, , , , - , , , , -
, , . , , .
. ( ) . ( )
, . , .
. .


1. 1.
. .
. , . ,
, , , . , , , .

1. 1.
. .
. , . ,
, , , . , , , .

1. 1.
. .
. , . ,
, , , . , , , .

1. 1.
. .
. , . ,
, , , . , , , .


2. 2.
1. R - 1. R -
. .
2. . 2. .
3. . 3. .
. A B - . A B -
, , , , - , , , , -
, , . , , .
. ( ) . ( )
, . , .
. .

2. 2.
1. R - 1. R -
. .
2. . 2. .
3. . 3. .
. A B - . A B -
, , , , - , , , , -
, , . , , .
. ( ) . ( )
, . , .
. .
 Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Mechanical grey box Problem 1. Mechanical grey box

Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2 Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2
and k3 of each of springs it contains. and k3 of each of springs it contains.
Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper, Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper,
clamps. clamps.
Instructions. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N. Instructions. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Mechanical grey box Problem 1. Mechanical grey box

Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2 Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2
and k3 of each of springs it contains. and k3 of each of springs it contains.
Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper, Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper,
clamps. clamps.
Instructions. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N. Instructions. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Mechanical grey box Problem 1. Mechanical grey box

Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2 Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2
and k3 of each of springs it contains. and k3 of each of springs it contains.
Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper, Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper,
clamps. clamps.
Instructions. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N. Instructions. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Mechanical grey box Problem 1. Mechanical grey box

Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2 Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2
and k3 of each of springs it contains. and k3 of each of springs it contains.
Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper, Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper,
clamps. clamps.
Instructions. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N. Instructions. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N.
 Junior league Junior league

Problem 2. Electric black box Problem 2. Electric black box

1. Plot dependence of resistance R between terminals of the black box on 1. Plot dependence of resistance R between terminals of the black box on
angle of knob turning. angle of knob turning.
2. Determine the simplest scheme of the black box. 2. Determine the simplest scheme of the black box.
3. Determine characteristics of elements the black box contains. 3. Determine characteristics of elements the black box contains.
Equipment. Black box with terminals A and B and turning knob, Equipment. Black box with terminals A and B and turning knob,
multimeter, source of constant voltage, resistor, connecting wires, graph paper, multimeter, source of constant voltage, resistor, connecting wires, graph paper,
protractor. protractor.
Hint. The black box may contain (not necessarily) constant and variable Hint. The black box may contain (not necessarily) constant and variable
resistors, capacitors and diodes. Do not connect multimeter in ohmmeter mode to resistors, capacitors and diodes. Do not connect multimeter in ohmmeter mode to
the black box. the black box.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 2. Electric black box Problem 2. Electric black box

1. Plot dependence of resistance R between terminals of the black box on 1. Plot dependence of resistance R between terminals of the black box on
angle of knob turning. angle of knob turning.
2. Determine the simplest scheme of the black box. 2. Determine the simplest scheme of the black box.
3. Determine characteristics of elements the black box contains. 3. Determine characteristics of elements the black box contains.
Equipment. Black box with terminals A and B and turning knob, Equipment. Black box with terminals A and B and turning knob,
multimeter, source of constant voltage, resistor, connecting wires, graph paper, multimeter, source of constant voltage, resistor, connecting wires, graph paper,
protractor. protractor.
Hint. The black box may contain (not necessarily) constant and variable Hint. The black box may contain (not necessarily) constant and variable
resistors, capacitors and diodes. Do not connect multimeter in ohmmeter mode to resistors, capacitors and diodes. Do not connect multimeter in ohmmeter mode to
the black box. the black box.
 Senior league Senior league

Problem 1. Flat triangle Problem 1. Flat triangle

Determine square of given at triangle. Determine square of given at triangle.
Equipment. Flat triangle, squared paper with unknown dimension of square, Equipment. Flat triangle, squared paper with unknown dimension of square,
stopwatch, sewing needle, support with clamp. stopwatch, sewing needle, support with clamp.

Senior league Senior league

Problem 1. Flat triangle Problem 1. Flat triangle

Determine square of given at triangle. Determine square of given at triangle.
Equipment. Flat triangle, squared paper with unknown dimension of square, Equipment. Flat triangle, squared paper with unknown dimension of square,
stopwatch, sewing needle, support with clamp. stopwatch, sewing needle, support with clamp.

Senior league Senior league

Problem 1. Flat triangle Problem 1. Flat triangle

Determine square of given at triangle. Determine square of given at triangle.
Equipment. Flat triangle, squared paper with unknown dimension of square, Equipment. Flat triangle, squared paper with unknown dimension of square,
stopwatch, sewing needle, support with clamp. stopwatch, sewing needle, support with clamp.

Senior league Senior league

Problem 1. Flat triangle Problem 1. Flat triangle

Determine square of given at triangle. Determine square of given at triangle.
Equipment. Flat triangle, squared paper with unknown dimension of square, Equipment. Flat triangle, squared paper with unknown dimension of square,
stopwatch, sewing needle, support with clamp. stopwatch, sewing needle, support with clamp.
 Senior league Senior league

Problem 2. Electric black box Problem 2. Electric black box

1. Plot dependence of resistance R between terminals of the black box on 1. Plot dependence of resistance R between terminals of the black box on
angle of knob turning. angle of knob turning.
2. Determine the simplest scheme of the black box. 2. Determine the simplest scheme of the black box.
3. Determine characteristics of elements the black box contains. 3. Determine characteristics of elements the black box contains.
Equipment. Black box with terminals A and B and turning knob, Equipment. Black box with terminals A and B and turning knob,
multimeter, source of constant voltage, resistor, connecting wires, graph paper, multimeter, source of constant voltage, resistor, connecting wires, graph paper,
protractor. protractor.
Hint. The black box may contain (not necessarily) constant and variable Hint. The black box may contain (not necessarily) constant and variable
resistors, capacitors and diodes. Do not connect multimeter in ohmmeter mode to resistors, capacitors and diodes. Do not connect multimeter in ohmmeter mode to
the black box. the black box.

Senior league Senior league

Problem 2. Electric black box Problem 2. Electric black box

1. Plot dependence of resistance R between terminals of the black box on 1. Plot dependence of resistance R between terminals of the black box on
angle of knob turning. angle of knob turning.
2. Determine the simplest scheme of the black box. 2. Determine the simplest scheme of the black box.
3. Determine characteristics of elements the black box contains. 3. Determine characteristics of elements the black box contains.
Equipment. Black box with terminals A and B and turning knob, Equipment. Black box with terminals A and B and turning knob,
multimeter, source of constant voltage, resistor, connecting wires, graph paper, multimeter, source of constant voltage, resistor, connecting wires, graph paper,
protractor. protractor.
Hint. The black box may contain (not necessarily) constant and variable Hint. The black box may contain (not necessarily) constant and variable
resistors, capacitors and diodes. Do not connect multimeter in ohmmeter mode to resistors, capacitors and diodes. Do not connect multimeter in ohmmeter mode to
the black box. the black box.
 XIX . XIX .
3.

1. , ,
- (. 1).
.
,
. , - , . :
, . IA1 = 20 , IA2 = 720 .
= 1 , - 1. ,
- .
, 2. IA3 -
= 1 . , A B (. 1)?
= 24
. , N = 5 ,
k = 3 .
1. ( )
? 6R
2. ?
3. v ? A
4. v . 5R 6R
5.
?
R 1 .. 150 106 .
. sin x x cos x 1 4R 5R 6R
x.

2. 3R 4R 5R 6R

. d = 23 -
h = 13 B
V = 100 , t1 = 1 C, 2R 3R 4R 5R 6R
t = 1 C , . -
, . -
t , ?
R 2R 3R 4R 5R 6R
C = 420 /,
t0 = 19 C. . . 1
= 1000 /3 , c = 4200 /( C).
. .
P.S. , -
? ( . ) ..


! !
 XIX . XIX .
4.
D = 1
, = 0,001. -
, , a = 0,2
.
N -
? , ,
.
. x  1 tg x sin x x, cos x 1 x2 /2.
nx  1 (1 + x)n 1 + nx.

! !
 XIX . XIX .
1. F1 , -
, -
1. U1 .
- 2. -
- . U2 ?
T h
T . 3. U3 ,
,
r, H ?
h , H (. 2). 4. U4 ,
, , -
2r
. T - ?
P . w
. 3.
- . 2 . 4 - E
. . -
1. m , O1
? .
B
O1 O2 -
2. , . , -
3. n - . - K
, , K -
. -
4. t, . . r
. , - r = 2 ,
, , . F0 = 9 (-
, . ), E = O2
= 1,5 , . 4
2. R = 1,5 . ,
() , - ,
. - B = 1 .
, 1. .
. 2. max -
- .
. 3. .
-
, S,
, -
k
k -
(. 3). - S
. -
d
,
d -
. - . 3
.
! !
 XIX . XIX .
4.
()
, H = 700 = 50 ,
= 15 ? h = 0,5 .
. ( v
)


g
v= th(kz),
k

g , k = 2/ , z -
, th ,

ex ex
th x = x .
e + ex
 :
( z  ) v g/k; ( z  ) v gz.

! !
 XIX International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XIX International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Junior league Problem 3. Unpretentious circuit
Experimenter Glitch made a circuit of identical ideal constant voltage sources,
Problem 1. Vovochkas third ight dierent capacitors and resistors with given resistances (g. 5). Then Glitch
After a couple of successful space ights and having holidays school astronomy connected an ideal ammeter to two pairs of circuit nodes in turn. After each
club president Vovochka has nally come to believe in himself and risked to make connection of ammeter Glitch waited enough time for current to stop alternating
his third ight towards the Polar Star, now for a longer term. Looking through and only then put down the readings. Measurement results are: IA1 = 20 mA,
the illuminator he was observing the Earth revolving around the Sun against a IA2 = 720 mA.
background of immobile stars. Just as angular distance between the Earth and the 1. Determine exact points the ammeter has been connected to in each
Sun went to = 1 , the spaceship went out of fuel because of computational error experiment.
and Vovochka put to the illuminator a camera that have been making photos at 2. Determine steady intensity IA3 of current through the ideal ammeter if it is
intervals = 1 day. After a while he turned o the camera and began nostalgically connected to points A and B (g. 5).
looking through the photos like in a cinema with frequency = 24 photos per
second. It appeared that during the photo session the Earth has made N = 5 turns
and distance between the Earth and the Sun has decreased by k = 3 times.
1. In what direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) was the Earth revolving
around the Sun on the screen? 6R
2. At what angular velocity was the Earth revolving around the Sun on the
screen? A
3. At what average velocity v was the spaceship moving during the photo 5R 6R
session?
4. Estimate change v of spaceship velocity during the photo session.
5. Does Vovochka or at least his spaceship have any chance to return by means
of the Suns gravity? 4R 5R 6R
Average distance between the Earth and the Sun is R 1 a.u. 150 106 km.
Note. One may use approximations sin x x and cos x 1 for small angles x.

3R 4R 5R 6R
Problem 2. Authors method of tea making
Experimenter Glitch decided to make cold tea according to his own method.
For this purpose he took an empty saucepan of diameter d = 23 cm and of B
height h = 13 cm and began successively pouring portions of water into it, every 2R 3R 4R 5R 6R
portion being of volume V = 100 ml and the rst one having temperature
t1 = 1 C and every next being by t = 1 C warmer than the previous one.
When the saucepan was lled, Glitch put 1 gram of tea into it and stirred. Tea of
R 2R 3R 4R 5R 6R
what temperature t Glitch prefers judging by his method? Total heat capacity of
saucepan is C = 420 J/K, its initial temperature is t0 = 19 C. Heat exchange with Fig. 5
the environment may be neglected. Water density is = 1000 kg/m3 , its specic
heat capacity is c = 4200 J/(kg C).
Note. General answer is not required.
P.S. How do you think, why our character likes tea of this exact temperature?
..

(The question is a joke and does not score. )

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XIX International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XIX International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Problem 4. Reections
Two round mirrors of diameter D = 1 m are placed opposite one another in
almost parallel planes, the angle between these planes being = 0.001. Segment
connecting centres of the mirrors is of length a = 0.2 m and is perpendicular to
bisecting plane of dihedral angle between planes of the mirrors. What maximum
number N of reections can a light beam undergo in this system? Phenomena
associated with wave nature of the light are not under consideration in this problem.
Note. For x  1 one may consider tan x sin x x, cos x 1 x2 /2. For
nx  1 relation (1 + x)n 1 + nx is true.

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XIX International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XIX International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Senior league 2. Capacitor voltage is gradually and slowly increased beginning from zero value.
At what voltage U2 the plates will collapse?
Problem 1. Sinking glass 3. What minimum voltage U3 must be suddenly applied to the capacitor to
Large immobile hermetic vessel is partly lled make its plates collapse if immediately after capacitor will be charged the circuit
with water, temperature T being kept constant. will be broken?
T h
Cylindrical thin-walled open-topped glass of radius 4. What minimum voltage U4 must be suddenly applied to the capacitor to
r oats in water, glass top being h higher and glass make its plates collapse if further this voltage will be kept constant?
bottom being H lower than water level (g. 6). Glass H
bottom is loaded so that the glass oats vertically. Problem 3. Unipolar motor
At temperature T saturated water vapour pressure On g. 8 scheme of really working unipolar electric E
2r
is P . Water density w and molar mass are known. motor is shown. Rotor of this motor is strong constant
Coecient of adhesion of vapour molecules to water magnet made of nonconductive material, having the O1

B
surface is . form of uniform disk, covered with thin layer of metal
1. What minimum mass m of water should be and put on conductive axis O1 O2 . When source of
Fig. 6
accumulated in the glass to make it sink? Surface constant voltage is attached with a sliding contact K, K
tension may be neglected. the magnet starts rotating rapidly.
2. Determine ux of molecules that leave water surface. Radius of the rotor is r = 2 cm, force of friction
3. Determine dierence n between vapour concentrations over water surfaces between the sliding contact and the rotor is F0 = 9 mN r
in the glass and in the vessel, assuming that diusion processes go much faster than (friction in the axis may be neglected), EMF of the
evaporation processes. source is E = 1.5 V, total resistance of the circuit is
R = 1.5 . Consider magnetic eld at the bottom of O2
4. Estimate time t needed for the glass to sink.
Note. Coecient of adhesion is possibility that a vapour molecule colliding the disk to be uniform, directed along the disk axis Fig. 8
with water surface will adhere to water. Flux is quantity in relation to area and and having inductance B = 1 T.
time. 1. Point out direction of rotor rotation.
2. Determine steady frequency max of rotor rotation without taking friction
into account.
Problem 2. Microactuator
3. Determine steady frequency of rotor rotation taking friction into account.
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are devices combining at the same
time electrical and mechanical functions. They are widely used because of their
Problem 4. Littoral sea waves
miniature dimensions and manufacturing technology compatible with standard
At what angle crests (fronts) of sea waves will come to straight sloping shore
semiconductor industry cycles. This problem is devoted to one of the most widely
if at depth H = 700 m the waves had length = 50 m and their crests formed
known MEMS actuators electrostatic actuator.
angle = 15 with shore line? Sea depth near the shore is h = 0.5 m.
Consider as a model a at capacitor having plates
Note. Dispersion law (dependence of phase velocity v on wave length ) for
of area S, one of them being xed and the other being
sea waves is

attached to a spring with deection rate k and having g
k
possibility to move in vertical direction (g. 7). Capacitor v= tanh(kz),
S k
plates are connected to source of variable constant voltage.
At initial moment source voltage equals zero and the top where g is acceleration of gravity, k = 2/ wavenumber, z sea depth at
d considering point, hyperbolic tangent tanh function dened by
plate is at rest at distance d from the bottom plate.
Electrical resistance of the circuit may be neglected in all ex ex
tanh x = .
the cases. Fig. 7 ex + ex
1. Determine electrostatic force F1 exerted by the One in deep water (when z  )
bottom plate of the capacitor to the top one immediately after voltage U1 is  may use limiting cases of dispersion law:
v g/k; in shallow water (when z  ) v gz.
suddenly applied.
Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!


1. 1.
k1 , k2 k3 k1 , k2 k3
. .
. A B, , - . A B, , -
, . , .
. 5 . . 5 .

1. 1.
k1 , k2 k3 k1 , k2 k3
. .
. A B, , - . A B, , -
, . , .
. 5 . . 5 .

1. 1.
k1 , k2 k3 k1 , k2 k3
. .
. A B, , - . A B, , -
, . , .
. 5 . . 5 .

1. 1.
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. .
. A B, , - . A B, , -
, . , .
. 5 . . 5 .


2. 2.
1. 1.
, , , , , ,
. .
2. . 2. .
3. . 3. .
. , , , - . , , , -
, , , . , , , .
. .
. .

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, , , , , ,
. .
2. . 2. .
3. . 3. .
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. .
. .

2. 2.
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. .
2. . 2. .
3. . 3. .
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2009 75 ). 2009 75 ).
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. .
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. - . -
T- . T- .
1. 1.
U , Umax = 15 . U , Umax = 15 .
Umin , , 0 Umin , , 0
U0 = 12 . U0 = 12 .
2. - 2. -
( ). ( ).
3. A - 3. A -
. .
4. A - 4. A -
( ) ( )
max . max .
5. Q , 5. Q ,
. .
. - . -
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. .
, - , -
. .
. , T- , - . , T- , -
, , -, - , , -, -
, , , - , , , -
, , . , , .
 Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Mechanical grey box Problem 1. Mechanical grey box

Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2 Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2
and k3 of each of springs it contains. and k3 of each of springs it contains.
Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper, Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper,
clamps. clamps.
Note. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N. Note. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Mechanical grey box Problem 1. Mechanical grey box

Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2 Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2
and k3 of each of springs it contains. and k3 of each of springs it contains.
Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper, Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper,
clamps. clamps.
Note. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N. Note. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Mechanical grey box Problem 1. Mechanical grey box

Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2 Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2
and k3 of each of springs it contains. and k3 of each of springs it contains.
Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper, Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper,
clamps. clamps.
Note. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N. Note. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 1. Mechanical grey box Problem 1. Mechanical grey box

Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2 Determine the simplest scheme of the grey box and deection rates k1 , k2
and k3 of each of springs it contains. and k3 of each of springs it contains.
Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper, Equipment. Grey box with rods A and B, dynamometer, graph paper,
clamps. clamps.
Note. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N. Note. One may stretch the springs applying force up to 5 N.
 Junior league Junior league

Problem 2. Black box with three terminals Problem 2. Black box with three terminals
1. Identify a possible scheme of combining elements inside the black box, if 1. Identify a possible scheme of combining elements inside the black box, if
it is known that it contains a nonlinear element, two resistors and a capacitor. it is known that it contains a nonlinear element, two resistors and a capacitor.
2. Determine the resistances of the resistors. 2. Determine the resistances of the resistors.
3. Determine the capacitance of the capacitor. 3. Determine the capacitance of the capacitor.
Equipment. The black box, a battery, a multimeter, a variable resistor, a Equipment. The black box, a battery, a multimeter, a variable resistor, a
diode, a stopwatch, a resistor with the known resistance. diode, a stopwatch, a resistor with the known resistance.
Note. The diode can be connected to the battery only through the resistor to Note. The diode can be connected to the battery only through the resistor to
avoid a short circuit. avoid a short circuit.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 2. Black box with three terminals Problem 2. Black box with three terminals
1. Identify a possible scheme of combining elements inside the black box, if 1. Identify a possible scheme of combining elements inside the black box, if
it is known that it contains a nonlinear element, two resistors and a capacitor. it is known that it contains a nonlinear element, two resistors and a capacitor.
2. Determine the resistances of the resistors. 2. Determine the resistances of the resistors.
3. Determine the capacitance of the capacitor. 3. Determine the capacitance of the capacitor.
Equipment. The black box, a battery, a multimeter, a variable resistor, a Equipment. The black box, a battery, a multimeter, a variable resistor, a
diode, a stopwatch, a resistor with the known resistance. diode, a stopwatch, a resistor with the known resistance.
Note. The diode can be connected to the battery only through the resistor to Note. The diode can be connected to the battery only through the resistor to
avoid a short circuit. avoid a short circuit.

Junior league Junior league

Problem 2. Black box with three terminals Problem 2. Black box with three terminals
1. Identify a possible scheme of combining elements inside the black box, if 1. Identify a possible scheme of combining elements inside the black box, if
it is known that it contains a nonlinear element, two resistors and a capacitor. it is known that it contains a nonlinear element, two resistors and a capacitor.
2. Determine the resistances of the resistors. 2. Determine the resistances of the resistors.
3. Determine the capacitance of the capacitor. 3. Determine the capacitance of the capacitor.
Equipment. The black box, a battery, a multimeter, a variable resistor, a Equipment. The black box, a battery, a multimeter, a variable resistor, a
diode, a stopwatch, a resistor with the known resistance. diode, a stopwatch, a resistor with the known resistance.
Note. The diode can be connected to the battery only through the resistor to Note. The diode can be connected to the battery only through the resistor to
avoid a short circuit. avoid a short circuit.
 Senior league Senior league

Problem 1. Eccentric fan Problem 1. Eccentric fan

Introduction. When starting and stopping turbines, centrifuges, gyroscopes Introduction. When starting and stopping turbines, centrifuges, gyroscopes
and other devices having a rapidly rotating rotor, at approaching close to some and other devices having a rapidly rotating rotor, at approaching close to some
frequencies extreme vibrations appear and they stop after passing through a frequencies extreme vibrations appear and they stop after passing through a
forbidden zone nearby a critical frequency. Observable eects of such vibrations forbidden zone nearby a critical frequency. Observable eects of such vibrations
are both a washing machine with a working centrifuge, innocently jumping all over are both a washing machine with a working centrifuge, innocently jumping all over
the bathroom, and the rotor with the mass of one and a half thousand tonnes the bathroom, and the rotor with the mass of one and a half thousand tonnes
which came o the axle and ruined the turbine and the main generator hall of which came o the axle and ruined the turbine and the main generator hall of
SayanoShushenskaya hydroelectric power station (this fatal accident took place SayanoShushenskaya hydroelectric power station (this fatal accident took place
August 17, 2009, and claimed lives of 75 people). August 17, 2009, and claimed lives of 75 people).
Theory. Due to unavoidable manufacturing errors the centre of mass of Theory. Due to unavoidable manufacturing errors the centre of mass of
the rotor is always displaced from the axis of rotation by some distance which the rotor is always displaced from the axis of rotation by some distance which
is called eccentricity. At rapid rotation of asymmetric rotor suciently great is called eccentricity. At rapid rotation of asymmetric rotor suciently great
periodic centrifugal forces are generated. If frequencies of these forces coincide periodic centrifugal forces are generated. If frequencies of these forces coincide
with frequencies of characteristic vibrations of the construction, resonance eect with frequencies of characteristic vibrations of the construction, resonance eect
is observed at which abrupt increase in the amplitude of forced vibrations occurs. is observed at which abrupt increase in the amplitude of forced vibrations occurs.
There may be several resonant frequencies corresponding with dierent modes of There may be several resonant frequencies corresponding with dierent modes of
vibration. vibration.
Task. In the given problem it is suggested to investigate behaviour of an Task. In the given problem it is suggested to investigate behaviour of an
asymmetric fan, xed on a T-shaped support, at various rotational frequencies. asymmetric fan, xed on a T-shaped support, at various rotational frequencies.
1. Take the dependence of frequency of fan rotation on the applied voltage U 1. Take the dependence of frequency of fan rotation on the applied voltage U
which shall not exceed Umax = 15 V. Measure the threshold voltage Umin at which which shall not exceed Umax = 15 V. Measure the threshold voltage Umin at which
the rotation begins and the running frequency 0 at the nominal voltage U0 = 12 V. the rotation begins and the running frequency 0 at the nominal voltage U0 = 12 V.
2. Determine resonant frequencies of vibrations of the asymmetric fan (to 2. Determine resonant frequencies of vibrations of the asymmetric fan (to
increase the eccentricity use a piece of plasticine). increase the eccentricity use a piece of plasticine).
3. Investigate qualitatively the dependence of resonant amplitude A of 3. Investigate qualitatively the dependence of resonant amplitude A of
vibrations of the asymmetric fan on its eccentricity . vibrations of the asymmetric fan on its eccentricity .
4. Take the dependence of amplitude A of vibrations of the asymmetric fan 4. Take the dependence of amplitude A of vibrations of the asymmetric fan
on the frequency of its rotation (resonant curve) nearby the maximal resonant on the frequency of its rotation (resonant curve) nearby the maximal resonant
frequency max . frequency max .
5. Determine the quality factor Q of the vibrating system investigated in the 5. Determine the quality factor Q of the vibrating system investigated in the
previous paragraph. previous paragraph.
Note. During the experiment it is prohibited to change any mechanical Note. During the experiment it is prohibited to change any mechanical
parameters of the facility except for the dimensions and the position of a piece of parameters of the facility except for the dimensions and the position of a piece of
attached plasticine used to generate articial asymmetry and to vary eccentricity attached plasticine used to generate articial asymmetry and to vary eccentricity
magnitude. If at extreme resonant vibrations the fan begins to operate unsteadily, magnitude. If at extreme resonant vibrations the fan begins to operate unsteadily,
the amplitude of vibrations should be decreased to perform correct measurements. the amplitude of vibrations should be decreased to perform correct measurements.
Equipment. Fan xed on T-shaped support, toothpick xed on fan Equipment. Fan xed on T-shaped support, toothpick xed on fan
body, stroboscopic tachometer, source of constant adjustable voltage, voltmeter, body, stroboscopic tachometer, source of constant adjustable voltage, voltmeter,
plasticine, paper scotch tape, graph paper, ruler. plasticine, paper scotch tape, graph paper, ruler.
 XXI . XXI .
4.
E , -
1. K1 K2 , K1
- -
R d R1 , R2 R , - E
. 3. - R 1 R2
(. 1). v0 ,

v0 R
d - T , - K2
, T1
, ? . 1 , T2 ,
g , . (T1 + T2 < T ) -
, -
-
2. .
M R P1 , P2 P , -
M R
. R R1 ,
m. - R2 R .
, v0 v0 . 3
(. 2).
m
v
v0 , = (v v0 )/v0 , m
M 5.
mgR
M v02 . . . 2 AB R B
. ( ) n x, -
nx
1, .
4 - R
n(n 1) 2 R =
(1 + x)n 1 + nx + x .
2 = 20 , -
, -
(. 4). - A
3. , . 4
H
, m = 100 - . -
M = 900 , k = 1,5 . r AB
? - , ? -
? .
q 25 /, -
t 700 C ( ),
t0 0 C. 35%
, .
. (, )
.
= (T T0 )/T ,
T , T0 -
.
! !
 XXI . XXI .
V2 .
m ? -
1. , .
ABCD,
AB CD - A D 4.
, -
. m1 K m4 V0 = 1
,
- ,
m1 m2 , m3 m4 (. 7).
(. 5).
- B C ,
K. ,
, - . . 7
- m2 m3 ,
, , . k = 3 .
. 5
ax ay - P0 = 1 .
, x y - ,
BC BA . : = = . ,
, .
. g . U = 4
I = 0,32 , ,
2. .
R - t
. - ? ( )
, , .
R. L -
, , , 5.
2 R  g, g . S E , K, E K
? L -
C 2C , -
3. . 8. -
. C 2C
-
P0 P0 I0
, -
, , - , - L
m .
(. 6).
1 2 , - S 2C C
,
. - . 8
He He + Ra
S m. -
T P0 . 6
. V1
! !
 XXI International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XXI International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Junior league Problem 4. Mass of diodes
An ideal source of EMF E , switches
Problem 1. Throw over wall K1 and K2 , eight ideal diodes and three K1
A long wall has a cross section of the form resistors with resistances R1 , R2 and R
of a quarter of a circle of the radius R (g. 9). d are connected according to the scheme E
shown in g. 11. Positions of switches R 1 R2
With what the minimum velocity v0 , at what
angle to the horizon and from which distance
v0 R are synchronously changed with the small
d from the at side of the wall should a stone period T so that during the period of K2
be thrown from the ground level in order that time T1 they are in the raised position,
it ies over the wall without touching it? The Fig. 9 during T2 they are in the lower position,
free fall acceleration g is known, do not take into account air resistance. and switching processes take the rest of
the time (T1 + T2 < T ), in course of
which all pairs of terminals of each switch
Problem 2. Hoop with weight are disconnected. Determine the average
A uniform hoop of mass M and radius R rolls without slipping powers P1 , P2 and P , which are released R
on a horizontal surface. A small weight of mass m is attached to M
R for a long time by the resistors R1 , R2 and
the hoop. When the weight was in the lowest point, the velocity R respectively.
of the center of the hoop was v0 (g. 10). v0 Fig. 11
Find the relative deviation of the mean velocity v of the center
m
of the hoop from v0 , i.e. the quantity = (v v0 )/v0 assuming
m
M and mgR
M v02 . Justify used approximations. Problem 5. Mirror rotator
Hint. For any (not necessarily integer or positive numbers) n Fig. 10 A thin rod AB is placed vertically in the center R B
and x satisfying the condition nx
1 the approximate equality holds true of a circular room and rotates around its axis with a
constant angular speed. 4 identical double-sided thin
n(n 1) 2 square mirrors with the side R = 20 cm are attached R
(1 + x)n 1 + nx + x .
2 to the rod at the same height, in addition to that one
edge of all mirrors is common and coincides with the rod,
and planes of neighbouring mirrors are perpendicular to
Problem 3. Coal mining each other (g. 12). A xed horizontal laser beam is A
To which maximum depth H is it energetically expedient to make a mine for coal directed towards the system so at every instant of time Fig. 12
mining, if when lifting the coal of mass m = 100 kg it is additionally necessary to lift only one laser light spot is on the walls of the room. The
waste rock and another load of mass M = 900 kg, and the use of coal is possible maximum speed of light spot is k = 1.5 times greater than the average speed. At
only on the surface? How is the obtained estimate close to the values of depths what distance r from the rod AB would the laser beam pass, if the mirrors were
of real mines and why? The specic heat of combustion of coal q 25 MJ/kg, absent? Do not take into account jumps of the light spot while calculating speeds.
the temperature of products of coal combustion t 700 C (it strongly depends
on combustion conditions), the ambient temperature t0 0 C. The coecient of
eciency of modern heat engines amounts to a fraction 35% of the coecient
of eciency of ideal heat engine working in the same conditions.
Theory. The heat engine (e.g., an internal combustion engine) this is a device
for converting thermal energy into mechanical work. The coecient of eciency
of ideal heat engine is calculated according to the formula = (T T0 )/T , where
T is the absolute temperature of combustion products, T0 is the ambient absolute
temperature.

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XXI International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XXI International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Senior league volumes V1 and V2 , respectively, of the left and right parts of the vessel under the
pistons. With which mass m of the weight is the described balance possible? The
Problem 1. Weightless bead volume of connecting tube can be neglected, however its diameter slightly exceeds
At vertices of a rectangle ABCD, which the thickness of the piston.
sides AB and CD are vertical, four small A D
weightless pulleys are xed. Through them Problem 4. Lens in piston
two smooth weightless inextensible threads m1 K m4 A horizontal cylindrical vessel of volume V0 =
are thrown over, one of which connects = 1 L is divided into two parts by a smooth
weights of masses m1 and m2 , and the movable piston with a lens built in it, the main
other connects weights of masses m3 and m4 optical axis of which coincides with the axis of
(g. 13). Both threads are passed through symmetry of the vessel (g. 15). In the center
one hole in the small weightless bead K. B C of the left base inside the vessel an incandescent
Initially the threads are strained, the bead lamp is xed, and the right base is used as a
and the weights are motionless, and parts of screen when viewing a lamp image in the lens. In
threads coming out from the bead make the m2 m3 the left part of the vessel there is a monoatomic Fig. 15
angles , , with the horizon. Find the ideal gas, and in the right part there is a diatomic ideal gas, the amount of which
Fig. 13
projections of acceleration ax and ay of the is k = 3 times greater than the amount of the monoatomic gas in the left part.
bead at the moment of simultaneous release of the bead and the weights, if the x At the initial moment of time gases had the pressure P0 = 1 atm and the same
and y axes are codirectional with the vectors BC and BA respectively. Consider temperature. Heat capacities and heat conductivities of the piston, the left base
two cases: = and = . In the answer all four angles may be retained, but and the side surface of the vessel are negligible, and the right base has the large heat
express separately the angle in terms of the other angles. The free fall acceleration conductivity and is maintained at the constant initial temperature. After applying
g is known. the voltage of U = 4 V to the lamp the current of intensity I = 0.32 A went
through it, and there appeared on the screen a clear image of the lamp lament,
Problem 2. Rotation in hemisphere which gradually lost sharpness and turned into a bright spot. After which time t
A small disk moves on the smooth inner surface of the xed sphere of radius since turning on the lamp will the image of its lament become clear again? The
R. At the initial moment of time the disk is in the horizontal plane, containing coecient of eciency of incandescent lamp (as the lighting unit) can be considered
the center of the sphere, and has the horizontal velocity R. Find the maximum negligible.
displacement L of the disk in the vertical direction and the minimum time , after
which this displacement happens, under the condition that 2 R  g, where g is
the free fall acceleration. What is the magnitude S of the vector of displacement Problem 5. Electrical circuitry
of disk at the moment of time ? An ideal source of EMF E , a switch K, an ideal E K
inductor of inductance L and two pairs of capacitors of
Problem 3. Semipermeable membrane capacitances C and 2C are connected according to the
A high vessel with two thin lightweight pistons scheme shown in g. 16. Before closing the switch all the
P0 P0 capacitors were discharged and the current in the circuit C 2C
is divided into two parts by a membrane, which is
permeable to helium, nitrogen, and oxygen, but not was absent. Find the maximum intensity of current I0
m through the inductor after closing the switch and the
permeable to radon (g. 14). In the vessel there L
minimum time , after which this intensity of current
are helium and radon in the quantities 1 and 2 , S
respectively, and to the left of the membrane there will be reached.
2C C
is only helium and to the right a mixture of helium He He + Ra
and radon. A weight of the mass m is put on the right Fig. 16
piston with the area S. The temperature T and the Fig. 14
pressure P0 of ambient air are kept constant. Find the
Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 -2016

( ) ..

1. : , ,
.
2. P(R).
P(R) ,
.
3.

: , , ,
( )

:
!

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1. () .

2. (
). 1 /3.

: 40 , , ,
, ,
100 , , 20 , .
- . !

" " ( ).

: , , , ,
, ( , ).

:
.

1.
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2.
.
3.
.
4. . , .
 Black box (junior league) E. P. Neustroev

There is a source of direct current in the black box.

1. Determine characteristics of source of current: internal resistance, an electromotive force, a current

intensity of short circuit.

2. Plot the dependence P(R) of net power P on the resistance R. Determine from the function P(R) the
internal resistance of the source and compare with the value obtained in the first task.

3. Estimate errors of measurements

Equipment: a black box, an ammeter, a set of resistors with known values, connecting wires (at a request
of participants).

Caution: to avoid a short circuit it is forbidden to connect the ammeter directly to terminals of black box!

Density and voidage (junior league) Zamyatnin M. Yu.

The void coefficient of granular materials is the ratio of volume of air cavities to the total volume of the
substance.

1. Find the void coefficient of loose (bulk) sand.

2. Determine the density of grains (the density of substance of grains of sand without taking into account
the air cavities). The density of water is 1 g/cm3.

Instruments and equipment: a sheet of graph paper or a 40 cm wooden ruler, an adhesive tape, threads, a
tripod, two plastic cups with a signed by marker level corresponding to the volume of 100 ml in each, a
glass of water, a 20 ml syringe, a glass of dry sand. A disposable teaspoon or better a rod stirrer for
coffee. Plenty of napkins!

Experimental problem "Plastic spring" (senior league).

Equipment: a soft spring, a weight of known mass, a tripod, a folding rule, a stopwatch, a thread
and adhesive tape (to hang the weight).

Problem: Find the mass of one turn and an analog of Young's modulus of plastic spring in
several ways.

1. Research the dependence of length of spring on the number of turns without the weight and
with the weight (the mass of the weight is shown).

2. Take the dependence of oscillation period of spring on the number of turns without the weight
and with the weight.

3. Using the obtained results separately for the first and second points, estimate the mass of one
turn and the analogue of Young's modulus.

4. Make an estimate of the error. Assume that the diameter of spring is almost unchanged.
 XXII . XXII .
4.
, ,
1. ,
v1 - :
, v2 . , , -
L, c1 (- . -
c1 > v1 ), , . ,
c2 ( c2 > v2 ). , ,
? -
. S ? .
, .
2.
- 5.
0 , - 0 ( )
. , T0
- n, n ,
, 2S
( ).
(. 1). , - 1.
, - ?
- 2. T ,
2S S - ?
3. S 3 . n, -
1. 0 . 360/n . -
2. F1 - , , n
, - .
, ,
. 1
?
3. F2 ,
?
P0 H0 .

3.
-
tw = 25 C
ti = 18 C.
t1 = 13 C,
t2 = 3 C. -
cw = 4200 /( C) ci = 2100 /( C) .
1. .
2. N , -
. -
.
! !
 XXII . XXII .
4.
,
1. , .
m = 5 H = 1 - ,
= 80 /. n .
, M = 40 . ?
1. v0
. 5.
2. t0 -
? f a ,
. v
2. w , -
?
S = 1 2 V = 1
P = 10 T = 300 :
40
18 Ar, C2 D2 T4 .
,
: 36
18 Ar, C2 D4 T2 .
t1 t2 -
, -
, .
1. t1 /t2 .
2. t1 .
C ( D
T) : C = 12 /, D = 2 /, T = 3 /. -

1 = 1400 /3 2 = 750 /3 .

3.
+q q m
T
, .
R -
Q. -
,
F0 , .
. n x, nx
1, -
(1 + x)n 1 + nx.

! !
 XXII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XXII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Junior league Problem 3. Melting of ice cubes
In a calorimeter with negligible heat capacity and thermal conductivity one
Problem 1. Dogs oscillations poured water at a temperature tw = 25 C and started throwing in it small identical
From a hill top a dog master with the dog went down with the speed v1 along pieces of ice at a temperature ti = 18 C. After the rst ten pieces, an equilibrium
a straight path, and towards them the dogs mistress walked up with the speed temperature of contents of calorimeter became t1 = 13 C, and after the second ten
v2 . When the distance between the spouses was equal to L, the dog rushed down pieces it was t2 = 3 C. Specic heat capacities of water cw = 4200 J/(kg C) and
with the speed c1 (and c1 > v1 ), and after meeting the mistress it instantly turned ice ci = 2100 J/(kg C) are known.
around and ran up with the speed c2 (and c2 > v2 ). After returning to the master 1. Determine the specic heat of fusion of ice according to the results of
the dog quickly turned around and continued to run like this between the spouses experiment.
till their meeting. Which distance S did the dog run during this time? 2. Find the number N of portion of ten pieces of ice, after which the equilibrium
temperature of contents of calorimeter will become negative. Use in the calculations
the value of found in the previous paragraph.
Problem 2. Variable density
Two cylinders made from a material with an unknown
density 0 have the same height and dier only by areas Problem 4. Thermocouple
of bases. These cylinders were coaxially connected and To leads of thermocouple immersed in a vessel with hot water two identical
vertically submerged in a wide vessel with a liquid, the connected in series resistors were linked, after which an ammeter was connected by
density of which linearly depends on the depth (g. 2). 2S turn in three ways: in the rst experiment it was connected in series to the resistors,
It was found that the connected cylinders freely oat, in the second experiment it was connected in parallel to one of them, and in the
and the densities of liquid at the levels of the upper base third experiment it was connected in parallel to both. In the rst and second
with the area 2S and the lowest base with the area S are experiments readings of ammeter were the same. By how many times is it necessary
equal to and 3, respectively. to increase the mass of water in the vessel, adding water at the room temperature
1. Find 0 from the foregoing data. immediately before the third experiment, in order to get in it the same readings of
S 3 ammeter? Consider the thermal electromotive force to be directly proportional to
2. To what minimum value F1 is it necessary to
gradually increase the force acting down on the cylinders the excess of water temperature in the vessel over the room temperature. Do not
in order that they smoothly sink to the bottom, if the take into account heat losses, the resistance of thermocouple, and the Peltier eect
distance from the lowest base to the bottom is equal to .
the height of one cylinder? Fig. 2
3. What minimum force F2 is it necessary to apply Problem 5. Stroboscopic Gluck
to the cylinders down in order that they would not oat up after a contact with Gluck, an experimenter, lmed with a frequency 0 (frames per second) a body
the bottom by the all area of the lowest base? The atmospheric pressure P0 and uniformly rotating with a period of T0 around its symmetry axis of maximum order
the depth H0 of the liquid in the vessel are known. n, where n is a positive integer, and then he saw the resulting lm with a speed
(frames per second).
1. For what values of parameters will the direction of rotation on the screen be
opposite to the real one?
2. What value of period T of body rotation will Gluck get, measuring time and
the number of revolutions on the screen?
Note. The gure has the symmetry axis of the order n, if after a rotation by
an angle 360 /n around this axis the new gure coincides with the initial one. For
example,a bicycle wheel has this axis, all n spokes of which form equal angles with
adjacent spokes.

Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 XXII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XXII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
Senior league Problem 5. Acceleration of image in lens
Along an optical axis of thin collecting lens with a focal distance f a little bug is
Problem 1. Barrel of honey crawling with the constant acceleration a, at the initial time resting at the optical
An empty cylindrical barrel of mass m = 5 kg and height H = 1 m is lled with centre of the lens. With what speed v and with what acceleration w is the image of
honey at a constant rate = 80 g/s. The barrel has thick homogeneous walls, a bug moving at that moment when the distance between the bug and its real image
light thin bottom and can contain up to M = 40 kg of honey. is minimum?
1. Find the speed v0 of center of mass of system barrel and honey immediately
after the beginning of lling.
2. After what time t0 from the beginning of lling will the speed of center of
mass of system barrel and honey be minimal in the module?

Problem 2. Diusion
In two horizontal cylindrical vessels, each of the cross-sectional area S = 1 cm2
and the volume V = 1 l, dierent gases are at the same pressure P = 10 Pa
and temperature T = 300 K: in the rst vessel there is argon 40 18 Ar, and in the
second vessel there is ethane C2 D2 T4 . From one of the ends into each vessel a
small amount of the same gases is injected, but with another isotopic composition
of molecules: in the rst vessel there is argon36
18 Ar, and in the second vessel there
is ethane C2 D4 T2 . After some time intervals t1 and t2 near the opposite ends of
the respective vessels there will be reached a concentration of impurity molecules
equal to half of that, which will be established after a very long time.
1. Find the ratio t1 /t2 .
2. Estimate by order of magnitude the value t1 .
Molar masses of carbon C and heavy isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium D
and tritium T) are known: C = 12 g/mol, D = 2 g/mol, T = 3 g/mol. The
densities of argon and ethane in the liquid state at low temperatures are equal to
1 = 1400 kg/m3 and 2 = 750 kg/m3 , respectively.

Problem 3. Point charge and rotating dipole

Two point charges +q and q, each of mass m, are connected by a short light
rod and freely rotate with a period T around a xed vertical axis, passing through
the middle of the rod perpendicularly to it. In the plane of rotation of charges at
a large distance R from the axis of rotation a point charge Q is xed. Considering
relative changes of speed of rotating charges to be small, nd the value and the
direction of average over the period force F0 , acting on the xed charge.
Hint. For any n and x, satisfying the condition nx
1, the approximate
equality (1 + x)n 1 + nx is true.

Problem 4. Insidious capacitor

In an ideal oscillatory circuit consisting of a at capacitor and an inductance
coil, natural undamped oscillations happen. Plates of capacitor were evenly
and very slowly moved apart in such a way that the oscillation frequency increased
by a factor of n. By what factor has the energy of oscillations changed?
Take with you this problem list! Take with you this problem list!
 2

1.

, .

: , 20-30
.

2.
. 1
(
). .

: 10 20 ,
, , 1 ( . , ,
), , , , b , G,
, . :

= Gmnbpq,

.
m, n, p, q - ,

.
, .
.
, G
()
,
,
.
, 1.
. ,

F ,
.
. , ,
.
S F,
M,
, 2.
, :
M = .

= F/S :
 3 4

= /G.
. :

, ,
.
, .
F = S

()
1. ,
. T() T-
.
, T-
: .
2. T-
. 2 ,
.
, 3. ,
() T()
m, n, p q ; .
4. T()
; , .3.
= 1/3 q =
G , Gmnbpq .
. 5. ,
b,
. () p
= 2 , , = Gmnbpq.
, , ,
(), 4 m = .
3,75 , ( ), , ,
, , (
. ) .
6. () m n
, , ,
: G
- .
, .
 5 6

, = M = k .
1/3. The coefficient of proportionality is called a modulus of torsion of
7. , ruler.


.
8. G .

Junior league

Problem 1. Length of insulating tape

Compute with maximum accuracy a length of insulating tape in a roll

and its thickness without unwinding the roll. Fig. 1
Equipment: the roll of insulating tape, a ruler with a length of 20-30
cm with a strip of insulating tape, which is glued on along the whole
length of ruler. The modulus of torsion determines geometric parameters of ruler and
elastic properties of material from which the ruler was made. So, for
Problem 2. Density of crystal of salt the thin ruler of length l, width b and thickness made from a material
with a shear modulus G, the modulus of torsion can be calculated
Calculate a density of crystal of table salt (the salt must not be soaked). according to a formula:
Equipment: syringes of 10 ml and 20 ml with caps for holes,
plasticine, a plastic tube of length of 1 m (from a dropping bottle), a
vessel with colored water, a container with salt, a ruler, Scotch tape, a
k = G m nb pl q ,
cork for a tube.
Senior league where m, n, p, q are some integers, and is a dimensionless coefficient.
Modulus of torsion of ruler
Necessary information Shear modulus, shear deformation.
Along with Young's modulus,
the shear modulus G is the most F = S
Torsional deformation.
We will turn a free end of metal ruler (a lath) relative to the other fixed important constant
characterizing the elastic
end by an angle around a longitudinal axis of symmetry of ruler, as is
shown in figure 1. At the same time different sections of ruler are properties of homogeneous
rotated relative to the fixed end at different angles. Such a deformation isotropic material. It is
is called torsion. For small deformations according to Hooke's law the determined from Hooke's law for
torque M required for turning the ruler is proportional to the angle : shear deformation. The shear

. 2
 7 8

deformation occurs when a force F is applied to a bar not and, after determining a necessary length of lath, to fix it again. The
perpendicularly, but tangentially to its surface. So, if a bottom side of thread is necessary for damping oscillation modes of pendulum, not
bar is fixed and a tangential force F is applied to the top side of area S, associated with torsion.
then the parallelepiped will be twisted, as is shown in figure 2.
For small deformations a skew angle is related with a magnitude of Task
tangential stress = F/S by a relation: 1. Using the stroboscopic tachometer, to obtain a dependence of
period T(l) of torsional oscillations of T-shaped pendulum on
= . the length l between fixations of vertical lath. Carry out similar
G
measurements, changing the places of laths in the T-shaped
This is Hooke's law for the shear deformation. structure.
2. Get a formula for the period of torsional oscillations of T-
Purpose of work. shaped pendulum, expressing it through a moment of inertia
In this work the elastic properties of aluminium laths (rulers) are and modulus of torsion of pendulum.
studied with the use of torsional oscillations. 3. Using general physical considerations, obtain (theoretically) an
In the work it is required: explicit dependence of period T(l) of torsional oscillations of
being guided by physical considerations, to determine pendulum on l .
exponents m, n, p and q in the formula for the modulus of 4. Compare the experimental dependence T(l) with the theoretical
torsion of ruler by a method of dimensions and having carried one obtained in point 3. Draw a conclusion about a value of
out necessary measurements; exponent q in the formula for modulus of torsion
to experimentally determine a numerical value of modulus of k = G m nb p l q
torsion of one of rulers; 5. Using the experimental results, find out a dependence of
to determine the shear modulus G of material, from which the modulus of torsion, on a width of ruler b, determining the
rulers were made, with the use of known dimensionless exponent p in the formula for modulus of torsion k = G m nb pl q
1 . When performing this task you may assume that the moment
coefficient = .
3 of inertia of pendulum is determined only by the moment of
Equipment. Two aluminium laths (rulers) with the same thickness = inertia of transversal aluminium lath. Justify this assumption by
2 mm, a short wooden ruler, a wooden bar with a fixed metal lath, two comparing the moment of inertia of lath with the moment of
clamps, stationery clips (clamps), 4 identical magnets each having a inertia of fixation (the wood ruler and fastening clips).
mass m = 3.75 g, a measuring ruler (a paper meter), a thread, a 6. Determine (theoretically) the exponents m and n in the formula
stroboscopic tachometer, a crosshead screwdriver, a felt-tip pen for for the modulus of torsion, thus having obtained an explicit
marks on aluminium strips. dependence of module of torsion on the shear modulus G and
Note: the aluminium laths with the use of short wooden ruler and thickness of lath . Write down the final expression for the
stationery clips are combined in a T-shaped structure, which is a modulus of torsion , putting a dimensionless coefficient =
1
torsional pendulum. The structure of pendulum allows regulating a 3
distance l between places of fixation of vertical lath of pendulum: for .
this it is enough with the use of screwdriver to weaken a little bit crews
 9

7. Design and conduct an experiment that enables with the use of

existing equipment to determine the numerical value of
modulus of torsion for one of aluminium laths.
8. Calculate the shear modulus G of aluminium.
 XXIII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XXIII .
Problem 4. Triangular plate

A plate in a form of regular triangle with a side
2 is uniformly charged with
a surface density . Find an electric eld E at a point O located at the same 1.
distance
from each vertex of plate. , -
0 , L
Problem 5. Room thermodynamics V 1 2 .
Problem A. In a window of a closed room 1. F1 ?
Table 2 2. F21 F22
there is mounted armoured glass of thickness
T, C P, Pa T, C P, Pa
h1 = 8 cm, having a thermal conductivity .
0 611.0 0 611.0 3. F31 F32
coecient 1 = 0.3 W/(m K). A temperature 1 657.3 1 568.6
outdoors is T1 = 20 C, and in the room a , ?
2 705.8 2 528.3 4. a1 -
temperature T2 = 20 C is maintained. Assume 3 758.4 3 490.6
that near the window it is formed a transition , a2 ?
4 813.4 4 455.2
layer of air of thickness h2 = 2 cm, a 5 872.5 5 422.2
temperature of which changes from the room 6 935.1 6 391.3 2.
temperature to a temperature of internal side 7 1002 7 362.4 -
of window. What relative humidity will be 8 1073 8 335.4 : U - -
established in the room, if initially the air was 9 1148 9 310.3 , , -
humid enough? Take a thermal conductivity h
10 1228 10 286.8 ,
coecient of air equal to 2 = 0.025 W/(mK). 11 1313 11 264.9 , -
Problem B. Find a ratio x of rates of 12 1402 12 244.6 X (. 1). -
drop of temperature from an initial value 13 1498 13 225.6 x X
of T = 15 C immediately after turning 14 1598 14 208.0 - H2 O H2 O + X
o heating in a closed room with dry air 15 1706 15 191.6 ,
and in another identical room with maximally 16 1818 16 176.4 , . 1
humid air, if heat capacity of walls and items 17 1938 17 162.2 h T
in the room is not taken into account. An 18 2064 18 149.1 h = xRT /(g), R ,
atmospheric pressure P0 = 100 kPa. A 19 2198 19 137.0 , g .
specic heat of evaporation of water at low 20 2338 20 125.7 1. P -
temperatures is L = 2.5 MJ/kg. . 0 T .
Note. In problems A and B the matter concerns dierent rooms. Values of 2. Pn -
saturated vapour pressure at some temperatures are given in table 2. Pn ? ,
X .
3. Tk -
P0 ? Tk
z (
) Tk (z) = Tk (0) z, .
.

Take with you this problem list! !

 XXIII . XXIII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
3. Senior league
,
H, R, Problem 1. Undecided small ball
. Two large smooth plates move codirectionally
. v . and perpendicular to their planes with constant u0
velocities u1 and u2 (g. 8). A small light ball
4. moves between the plates elastically reecting
from them. At an initial moment of time a distance u1 u2
r R between the plates is equal to L0 , and the ball
(r < R). U0 , - touches the overtaking plate and has a velocity u0 L0
R r
- directed at an angle to the velocity u1 of
the plate. It is known a relation between speeds: Fig. 8
(. 2). qn
, , - u0 cos > u1 > u2 > 0.
. . n . Qn 1. Find a magnitude of displacement S of ball to a moment, when it makes
qn Qn very many collisions with the plates.
. 2. Find a magnitude of displacement Sn of ball to a moment immediately
after an nth collision with the plate for any given n.
. 2
Problem 2. Particle in eld
5. As a result of interaction only with a homogeneous magnetic eld with a
- magnetic induction B a particle of mass m with a charge q ies with a constant in
r, magnitude velocity v along a trajectory having a radius of curvature R.
(. 3). - 1. Specify a condition, under which the given data are consistent.
, 2. Estimate a distance l, to which the particle will shift during a large time t.
F1 , , F2 . 3. Find a criterion of applicability of used approximation.
1. F3 , 4. Determine the exact distance L, to which the particle will shift during an
R? arbitrary time t.
2. R ?
Problem 3. Rearrangement of words
. 3 At what positive angle to the horizon is it necessary to throw a body so
that during a time of its ight before its return to an original height an average of
absolute value of vector of tangential acceleration coincides with an absolute value
of average of vector of normal acceleration? Do not take into account air resistance.
Note. In this problem it is not required to give an answer in a general form,
but it is necessary and sucient to obtain the desired value with accuracy to tenths
of angular degree.

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 XXIII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics XXIII .
Problem 3. Bead on helix
A small bead was put on a long wire bent in a form of helix with a lead H,
inscribed in a vertical cylinder of radius R, and the bead was released without an 1.
initial speed. A coecient of friction between the wire and the bead is equal to . -
Find a steady speed v of bead. u0
u1 u2 (. 4). -
Problem 4. Alternate grounding -
Plates of spherical capacitor are two concentric metal , . - u1 u2
spheres of radii r and R (r < R). The capacitor was charged to a -
voltage U0 , and then by means of ip-op switch one started L0 , L0
R r
to alternately ground the capacitor plates (g. 6). The inner u0 ,
u1 . . 4
plate was grounded as the rst one, then the outer plate was qn
grounded, then again the inner plate was grounded, and so on. : u0 cos > u1 > u2 > 0.
As a result, each of plates was grounded n times. Find nal Qn 1. S ,
charges qn and Qn on the inner and outer plates, respectively. .
2. Sn n-
n.
Fig. 6
2.
Problem 5. Electromagnetic foil -
Two xed strips of well conductive foil are connected from one B m q -
end to a source with an internal resistance r, and from the other v , R.
end to universal terminals (g. 7). If between the terminals nothing 1. , .
is connected, then the strips interact with each other with a force F1 , 2. l, t.
and if the terminals are short-circuited, then the strips interact with 3. .
each other with a force F2 . 4. L, -
1. With what force F3 will the strips interact with each other if a t.
resistor of resistance R is connected to the terminals?
2. At what resistance R will this force be equal to zero? 3.
Fig. 7 , -

-
? .
. ,

.

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 XXIII . XXIII International olympiad "Tuymaada". Physics
4. Junior league


2
. E - Problem 1. Balls in innite ocean
O,
Suppose that the whole Universe is lled with an incompressible liquid with a
. density 0 , in which there are located at a large distance L from each other two
uniform solid balls each having a volume V and densities 1 and 2 .
5. 1. With what force F1 do the balls interact with each other?
A. 2. Find vector sums F21 and F22 of uid-pressure-induced forces on the rst
1 and second balls, respectively.
-
T, C P, T, C P,
h1 = 8 , - 3. What external forces F31 and F32 must be applied to the rst and second
0 611,0 0 611,0 balls, respectively, to keep them at rest?
1 = 0,3 /(). - 1 657,3 1 568,6
T1 = 20 C, - 4. What is an acceleration a1 of the rst ball immediately after a simultaneous
2 705,8 2 528,3 release of both balls, if an acceleration of the second ball is equal to a2 ?
T2 = 20 C. 3 758,4 3 490,6
, - 4 813,4 4 455,2
h2 = 2 , 5 872,5 5 422,2 Problem 2. Glucks solutions
- 6 935,1 6 391,3 Gluck, an experimenter, carried out experiments
- 7 1002 7 362,4 with dilute solutions: he took a U -shaped tube,
. 8 1073 8 335,4 divided it into two parts by a partition, which is
, h
9 1148 9 310,3 permeable only to water, and poured pure water
- 10 1228 10 286,8 in one knee of tube, and in the other knee he
? - 11 1313 11 264,9 poured a water solution of substance X (g. 5).
2 = 0,025 /(). 12 1402 12 244,6 Gluck measured a turned out to be very small
B. x - 13 1498 13 225,6 fraction x of substance X of total amount of matter H2 O H2 O + X
14 1598 14 208,0 in the right knee and found that surfaces of liquids
T = 15 C 15 1706 15 191,6 in the knees of tube are located on dierent levels, Fig. 5
- 16 1818 16 176,4 moreover, a dierence of heights h depends on a
- 17 1938 17 162,2 temperature T according to a formula h = xRT /((g), where R is the universal
, - 18 2064 18 149,1 gas constant, is the molar mass of water, g is the free fall acceleration.
- 19 2198 19 137,0 1. Find a dierence P of pressures of liquids on dierent sides from the
. P0 = 100 . 20 2338 20 125,7 partition. The density 0 of pure water and a maintained temperature T are known.
2. By what value Pn is a saturated water vapor pressure above the solution
L = 2,5 /. less than a saturated vapor pressure Pn above the pure water? Suppose that the
. A B . substance X does not evaporate.
. 1. 3. By what value Tk is a boiling temperature of solution at an atmospheric
pressure P0 greater than a boiling temperature of pure water? The boiling
temperature Tk of pure water depends on a height z over sea level (in a range
of small heights) according to a formula Tk (z) = Tk (0) z, where is a known
constant. A density of air is known.

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