COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PUTRAJAYA CAMPUS
FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER 1 2009 / 2010

PROGRAMME : Bachelor of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (Honours)

Bachelor of Electrical Power Engineering (Honours)

SUBJECT CODE : EECB353/EEEB453

SUBJECT : Communication Systems

DATE : October 2009

TIME : 9.00 am 12.00 pm (3 hours)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. This paper contains FIVE (5) questions in SIX (6) pages.

2. Answer ALL questions.
3. Write all answers in the answer booklet provided.
4. Write answer to each question on a new page.
5. Do not bring in unwarranted materials except those that are allowed.
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO.

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 7 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS

COVER PAGE.
 EECB353, Semester I 2009/2010

QUESTION 1 [30 marks]

(a) Draw the Pulse Amplitude Modulation, PAM signal for a sinusoid using:
(i) Natural Sampling
(ii) Flat-top sampling
[2 marks]
(b) Define the term resolution with respect to digitizing system. Provide two ways to
improve the resolution of a digitizing system.
[3 marks]
(c) The waveform shown in Figure 1 is to be converted to a digital signal using Pulse
Code Modulation, PCM. The waveform is sampled at the sampling interval of
Ts=125 sec with a resolution of four bits using linear quantization.

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2
Vm(t)

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
t(ms)

Figure 1: Sinusoidal Waveform

(i) What is the actual sampling rate of the sampler?

[1 mark]
(ii) Determine the actual transmission bit rate in bits per second, bps.
[1 mark]
(iii) Specify the number of quantization level needed to encode the signal.
[1 mark]

Page 2 of 7
 EECB353, Semester I 2009/2010

(iv) What is the resolution achieved?

[1 mark]
(v) Calculate the maximum quantization error.
[1 mark]
(vi) Draw the sample pulse for the first 2ms.
[2 marks]
(vii) List all the quantization range and their representative PCM codes to each
region.
[3 marks]
(viii) What is the binary code sent for the original signal for the first 1ms using
PCM? Show working to support your answer.
[4 marks]
(ix) Draw the output waveform in part (viii) using bipolar Non-Return to Zero,
NRZ signaling technique.
[2 marks]
(x) How many bits per sample are needed to reduce the maximum
quantization error to 12.5 milivolts?
[2 marks]
(xi) What are the costs associated with the increase in accuracy described in
part (x). [2 marks]

(d) A leased telephone of bandwidth 4 kHz is used to transmit binary data.

(i) Calculate the data rate that can be transmitted if we use polar signal with
rectangular full-width pulses.
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the data rate that can be transmitted if we use bipolar signal with
rectangular half-width pulses.
[1 mark]
(iii) Why is it difficult to detect the clock rate when NRZ is used in serial data
transmission?
[1 mark]

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 EECB353, Semester I 2009/2010

(iv) For a bit stream of 0101011100, sketch the waveform using Bipolar
Return to-Zero, RZ-AMI encoding technique.
[2 marks]

QUESTION 2 [15 marks]

A binary data stream of bit length 1.0s is to be transmitted on a radio link at 5 MHz
carrier frequency using BPSK modulation.

(a) Sketch the waveform of the input and modulated signal, at the original carrier
frequency, when sending a continuous 10010011 bit stream.
[2 marks]
(b) Calculate the bit rate and baud rate
[2 marks]
(c) Calculate the channel bandwidth required to transmit the signal efficiently.
[1 mark]
(d) Determine the maximum and minimum upper and lower side frequencies.
[2 marks]
(e) Draw the output spectrum of the modulated signal
[2 marks]
(f) State briefly the main reason why QPSK modulation is an improvement over
BPSK. Analyze them in term of bit rate, baud rate and minimum bandwidth
required to pass the signal efficiently. Show calculations to support your answers.
[6 marks]

Page 4 of 7
 EECB353, Semester I 2009/2010

QUESTION 3 [25 marks]

(a) A coaxial transmission line passes frequencies in the range 0 50 MHz.

Determine the maximum number of speech channels, each of bandwidth limited
to 4 kHz, that can be transmitted over the transmission line via

(i) A frequency division multiplexing system employing single-sideband

suppressed carrier techniques. Assume the guard bands of 1 kHz exist
between adjacent channels.
[3 marks]
(ii) A combination of FDM/TDM is used, and each frequency channel can
allocate 8 users. Assume the guard bands of 1 kHz exist between adjacent
channels.
[5 marks]
(iii) A time division multiplexed PCM system. Assume the following:
sampling frequency equals 1.2 times Nyquist frequency; 6 bit PCM words;
each binary pulse occupies 50% of its assigned time slot.
[5 marks]
Explain all steps in your calculations.

(b) Station A and station B with bipolar chip sequence of 00011011 and 00101110
respectively, are transmitting signals simultaneously.
(i) What is the resulting bipolar chip sequence if station A transmits 1 but
station B silence?
[2marks]
(ii) What is the resulting bipolar chip sequence if both stations transmit 0?
[2 marks]
(iii) If station C with bipolar chip sequence 10110001 appears in the
communication link, what would happen to station A and B. Determine
whether there is any interference experienced for both stations. Justify
your answer with calculations.
[6 marks]
(iv) If station C wants to communicate with station B, suggest a new sequence
station C should use.
[2 marks]

Page 5 of 7
 EECB353, Semester I 2009/2010

QUESTION 4 [20 marks]

(a) Define frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and direct spread spectrum
(DSSS). Explain how each technique achieves their bandwidth spreading.
[3 marks]
(b) Table 1 below shows the operation of FHSS system using 4-FSK. The hopping
interval is 1s.
Time (s) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Input
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
data
PN
001 110 011 001 001 101 110 011 001 001 001 110 011 101 001
sequence

Table 1
(i) Determine the number of bit per signal element.
[1 mark]
(ii) What are the bit rate, baud rate and the chip rate?
[3 marks]
(iii) Is this a slow or fast FH system? Give reason.
[2 marks]
(iv) Draw the frequency hopping diagram for the first 6s and determine their
frequency sequence.
[4 marks]
(c) A binary data sequence 001101 with bit duration of 10s is spread by spreading
code 1100011011 with PN chip duration of 2s.
(i) Determine the bit rate and chip rate.
[2 marks]
(ii) What is the processing gain?
[1 mark]
(iii) Determine the spread sequence if XNOR is used to spread the code.
[2 marks]
(iv) Draw the spectrum of spread spectrum signal if the spread signal is
modulated with 1GHz. Label all the frequencies.
[2 marks]

Page 6 of 7
 EECB353, Semester I 2009/2010

QUESTION 5 [10 marks]

Huffman codes were created using the following occurrence data as shown in Table 2:

A D E H I O S T W Y
60 15 115 10 25 25 20 20 5 5
Table 2

and using the following rules when creating the tree:

Write the characters along the bottom of the page with the highest probability
on the left and descending across the page to the lowest on the right. Any
characters with the same probability should be written in 'ASCII' order.
When there is a choice of nodes to use, always use the one furthest to the
right, even if it is at a higher level.
Consistently label left edges with 0.

(a) Construct the Huffman code tree and obtain the code for each character.

[5 marks]

(b) Decode the following portion of the message:

1111101111010011011110101101100110111110101011001100100111111

[2 marks]

(c) Encode the following message: EAST.

[1 mark]

(d) Calculate the average number of bits (length) per character.

[2 marks]

-END OF QUESTION PAPER-

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