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    Welding of HY-100

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    nsitvar
    The key changes in welding HY-100 steel compared to ASTM A131 A steel are: 1) Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is preferred over flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) due to SMAW's superior resistance to fatigue crack growth. 2) Low hydrogen ferritic electrodes should be used to avoid hydrogen-induced cracking, and the electrodes must be kept dry. 3) A pre-heat temperature of 200°F is required to limit cracking from untempered martensite and allow hydrogen to diffuse, and the inter-pass temperature should not exceed 300°F.

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    Welding of HY-100

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    nsitvar
    443 views2 pages
    The key changes in welding HY-100 steel compared to ASTM A131 A steel are: 1) Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is preferred over flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) due to SMAW's superior resistance to fatigue crack growth. 2) Low hydrogen ferritic electrodes should be used to avoid hydrogen-induced cracking, and the electrodes must be kept dry. 3) A pre-heat temperature of 200°F is required to limit cracking from untempered martensite and allow hydrogen to diffuse, and the inter-pass temperature should not exceed 300°F.

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    Process parameters and equipment selection for welding of HY-100 steel

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    The key changes in welding HY-100 steel compared to ASTM A131 A steel are: 1) Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is preferred over flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) due to SMAW's superior resistance to fatigue crack growth. 2) Low hydrogen ferritic electrodes should be used to avoid hydrogen-induced cracking, and the electrodes must be kept dry. 3) A pre-heat temperature of 200°F is required to limit cracking from untempered martensite and allow hydrogen to diffuse, and the inter-pass temperature should not exceed 300°F.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    443 views2 pages

    Welding of HY-100

    Uploaded by

    nsitvar
    The key changes in welding HY-100 steel compared to ASTM A131 A steel are: 1) Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is preferred over flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) due to SMAW's superior resistance to fatigue crack growth. 2) Low hydrogen ferritic electrodes should be used to avoid hydrogen-induced cracking, and the electrodes must be kept dry. 3) A pre-heat temperature of 200°F is required to limit cracking from untempered martensite and allow hydrogen to diffuse, and the inter-pass temperature should not exceed 300°F.

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    Welding of HY-100

    The following are the key changes in WPS (Weld Procedure Selection) when using HY-100

    instead of ASTM A131 A: -

    Welding Process Selection:

    SMAW is preferred over FCAW due to superior fatigue crack growth resistance [a]. FCAW has

    relatively higher heat input compared to SMAW. A higher heat input leads to the formation of

    coarse pre-eutectoid ferrite/polygonal ferrite while, lower heat input promotes the formation of

    acicular ferrite. The intra-granular formation of acicular ferrite results in the formation of randomly

    oriented short ferrite needles with basket-weave feature. This interlocking nature coupled with the

    fine grain size provides very good resistance to crack propagation. Also, acicular ferrite is

    characterized by high angle boundaries between ferritic grains which offers an important resistance

    to propagation of cleavage cracks. Also, SMAW doesnt require the use of shielding gas and the

    equipment is simpler compared to FCAW.

    Electrode Selection:

    Low Hydrogen ferritic electrodes (E 10018 and E -11018) should be used for welding of HY-

    100 and adequate precautions to keep them dry should be taken. Heating of electrodes in suitable

    ovens to drive away any moisture should also be done. The above is required to avoid hydrogen

    induced cracking. Note that the ampere (current) setting changes to 70-110 A for this electrode
    [b]
    (diameter remaining same) as recommended by the electrode supplier (M/s Lincoln Electric).

    To maintain adequate heat input with current being reduced, the travel speed needs to be decreased.

    Pre-heat Temperature Range:

    The pre-heat temperature for HY-100 is 200F. Pre-heating is required to limit the formation of

    untempered martensite which makes the joint brittle. Also, pre-heating allows hydrogen to diffuse
    out of the weld zone and drives moisture away from the weld area thereby reducing the chances

    of Hydrogen induced cracking and porosity. Additionally, pre-heating limits the formation of

    thermal stresses and distortion that might happen due to the temperature gradient. The inter-pass

    temperature should be kept below 300F so as to limit deterioration of properties in HAZ. The

    increase in temperatures compared to previous material can be explained by the higher

    hardenability (HY-100 has higher carbon equivalent compared to ASTM A131A due to greater

    percentage of alloying elements), which means slower cooling rate is required to reduce

    untempered martensite formation.

    References: -

    a) Effect of welding processes and consumables on fatigue crack growth behavior of armor grade quenched
    and tempered steel joints by G. Magudeeswaran, V. Balasubramanian, G. Madhusudhan Reddy

    b) http://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-us

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