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More Free USMLE , MCCEE ,MCQe and AMQ Flashcards

Rapid increase in number of seborrheic

What is the Leser-Trelat sign? keratoses and is a phenotypic marker
for Stomach adenocarcinoma

What skin manifestation is a sign for Leser-Trelat sign- lots of new

stomach adenocarcinoma? seborrheic keratoses

What benign epithelial tumor is rapidly

growing , makes craters, and mimics
Keratoacanthoma
well-differentiated squamous
carcinoma?

Whats the treatment for

Nothing- it usually regresses
keratoacanthoma?

What skin condition has Anti-Dna

complexes deposited in the basement
Cutaneous Lupus
membrane and involves alopecian and
degeneration of basal cells?

What condition has immune complex

deposition in the basement membrane Cutaneous Lupus
and is photosensitive?
What are the cornerstones for treating
Anti-Malarials
Cutaneous lupus?

What type of hypersensitivity reacition

Type II - Abs to desmogelin 3
is Phemigus Vulgaris?

What skin disease has a positive

Nikolsky sign, characterized by IgG Phemigus Vulgaris
damage to desmosomes?

What potentially fatal immune skin

disorder has acantholysis in the skin Phemigus Vulgaris
and oral mucosa?

What type of lesiosn does Phemigus Intraepidermal Bullae - they are in the
Vulgaris have? epidermis (hence more dangerous)

What skin disease has the basal cell

layer on histology lookin like Phemigus Vulgaris
tombstone?

What does phemigus vulgaris infections due to loss of epidermis and

predispose to? just basal layer remains
 Which skin disease has suprabasal
Phemigus Vulgaris
vesicles?

Which skin disease has subepidermal

Bullous Phemigoid
vesicles and bullae?

Antibodies to hemidesmosomes
Whats the pathogenesis of Bullous
(Bullous phemigoid antigen -part of
phemigoid?
hemidemsoome complex)

Which has a negative Nikolsky sign,

bullous phemigoid or phemigus Bullous Phemigoid
vulgaris?

What disease shows

immunofloresence of skin linearly along Bullous Phemigoid
dermis?

True or false. Bullous phemigoid False, less likely -phemigus does this
affects oral mucosa. more. SO I guess not really false

What skin disorder is related to Gluten

Dermetitis Herpetiformis
sensitivity Celiac disease?
 What type of hypersensitivity is
Type III
Dermetitis Herpetiformes?

What disease is characterized by IGA-

Dermetitis Herpetiformis
anti-IGA deposits at tips of papilae

What disease is associated with

subepidermal blisters and endomysial Dermetitis Herpetiformis
antibodies?

What surfaces is Dermetitis

Scalp and extensor surfaces
Herpetiformis often found on?

What type of inflammatory infiltrate

comes to the vesicles in Dermetits Nuetrophils
Herpetiformes?

What is an inflammatory lesion of

Erythema nodosum
subcutaneous fat known as?

True or false. Erythema nodosum is

True, it is a painful raised nodule
painful
Coccidiomycosis, histoplasmossi, TB,
yersina, and sarcoidosis all have Erythema nodosum
associatiosn with what skin disorder.

What skin disorder is asscoiated with

Diabetes Mellitus (not acanthosis Granuloma Annulare
nigricans)?

What is characterized by white painless

plaques on side of tongue that cant be EBV associated Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
scraped off?

What is Oral Hairy Leukoplakia a sign

HIV positive
of?

Type 1 IgE mediated mast cell release

What is uriticaria mediated by?
of histamine

occur over 30, bright red papules that

What are cherry hemangiomas/
turn brown over time

What do RA, monoclonal

gammopathys, Seronegative They can lead to pyoderma
spondlyoarthropathys, and UC/Chrons Gangrenosum
all have in common?
 Small pustule/papule that ulcerates and
What is pyoderma gangrenosum?
enlarges

underlying disease (RA, UC/Chrons,

What is pyoderma gangrenosum
Myeloproliefative, or Seronegative
usually indicate?
Spondy)

Whats the immune mechanism for

T cell Driven
clearing warts?

What are the first cells infected by HPV

Basal cells
in the epidermis?

At what stage in the epidermis does

Mid-epidermal level
HPV incorporate into the DNA?

Where does viral replication of HPV

In the granular layer
become highest?

What is the key histologic feature to

Koliocytes
diagnose HPV on the skin?
 What is one disease in which the
Warts-
granular layer gets bigger?

What are the inclusion bodeis in

molluscum contagiosum called in the Henderson-Patterson bodies
granular layer?

Whats the relationship between Genital Herpes increases transmission and

herpes and HIV? susceptibiliy

Which type of UV light is most

UVB (290-320 nm)
carcinogenic?

Whats the most common cancer in

Basal Cell Carcinoma of skin
man?

What is acanthosis? Elongations of the epidermal ridges

What layer of the skin does a callus

Just the Stratum Corneum
affect?
What is Acanthosis Nigrans associated Diabetes- insulin resistance and
with? Visceral Malignancy (If it comes quick)

in the case that it comes suddenly,

In what cases is Acanthosis Nigrans
spreads quickly, or involves palms and
associated with Visceral malignancy?
soles and Mucous membranes

What does Acanthosis nigracans on Visceral (stomach, liver, or lungs)

palms and soles or in the mouth mean? malignancy >> Insulin resistance

Which cell layer of the skin do

Stratum Corneum
dermatophyte infxns happen in?

True or False. It is normal to see

False- only stratum basalis
mitoses throughout all skin layers.

What do we divide the dermis layer Papillary- loose and Reticular- Dnse
into? collagen

What is melanin synthesized from? Tyrosine to DOPA to Melanin

 What enzyme is responsible for
Tyrosinase
melanin creation?

True or False. Whites have less False- greater degradation and

melanocytes than blacks. concentration in basal layer

What is the embryologic origin of

Neural Crest cells
melanocytes?

Where in the skin layer are Straum basalis only- dendritic process
melanocytes located? extend outward

What is term for the skin lesion by tinea

Macule
versicolor?

Whats the term for the skin lesion in

Papule (<5mm)
acne vulgaris

Whats the term for the skin lesion in

Nodule (>5mm)
Basal Cell Carcinoma/
 Whats the term for the skin lesion in
Patch (>5 mm)- raised and flat
Psoriasis?

What kind of skin lesions do chicken

Vesicles -fluid filled
pox make?

What kind of skin lesions do Bullous

Bulla (>5mm)
Phemigoid make?

Whats the difference between bulla

Pustules have inflammatory cells
and pustules?

What kind of skin lesion does impetigo

Pustules have inflammatory cells
make?

What skin lesion is caused by flooding

Uritcaria/hives
of the dermis with fluid

What skin lesion is caused by a lot of

dead kertinocytes because of abnormal Suborrheic Dermatitis - scales Dandruff
keritinization?
 What is the microscopic term for
Hyperkeratosis
increased stratum corneum?

What is the microscopic term for nuceli

Parakeratosis
in the stratum corneum?

What are hyper and parakeratosis both

Psoriasis
in what condition?

Whats the micro term for spire like

projections from surface of skin (up or Papillomatosis- (verruca)
down)?

What is the micro term for loss of

Acantholysis- Phemigus
connection between keritinocytes?

What are verrocous lesions on fingers

and soles that are covered by scales HPV- common wart
caused by?

What is a bowl-shaped lesion with a

central depression filled with keratin Molluscum Contagiosum
called?
 What kind of Virus is Molluscum
Poxvirus
Contagiosum?

What is in the center of the molluscum Molluscum bodies- viral particles

lesion depression in the kertinocytes? (scratching- self inocculation)

How does the body fight molluscum

Cell mediated immunity (6-9 months)
contagiosum?

What syndrome is characterized by

cough, a runny nose, and Prodrome of measles
conjunctivitis?

Put these in order for measles.

Prodrome followed by koplik spots, and
Prodrome, maculopapular rash, Koplik
lastly maculopapular rash
spots

How does the maculopapular rash in

From the top down.
measles proceed?

T cell attack on endothelial cells

What is the maculopapular rash in
containing the virus - they die=
measles caused by?
bleeding, and rash
 Before vaccination, what was a
Encephalitis
common cause of death my measles?

What disease is known for painful

postauricular lymphadenopathy,
Rubella
Forscheimers spots, and discrete
papules/macules that last for 3 days?

What kind of virus produces Rubella? RNA togavirus- fades in 3 days

How long does Rubella infection

3 day measles
persist?

Whats the only single-stranded DNA

Parvovirus
virus?

Erythema infectiosum (5th disease)-

What does parvovirus b19 cause?
slapped cheek syndrome

What does parvovirus b19 cause in ppl

Aplastic anemia
with chronic hemolytic disease?
 What disease does HHV6 cause? Roseola Infantum

Whats the most common viral

Roseola Infantum
exanthem in kids under 2?

What childhood disease is

characterized by progresion from Chicken pox (varicella)
macules to vesciles to pustules?

What childhood disease is

characterized by being infectious 1 Chicken pox (varicella)
week before the rash appears?

How long are the varicella pustules until they become crusted- (1 week
infectious for? before to 4-5 days after)

What skin disease is manifested by a

prodrome of itching and radicular pain Zoster
before the rash appears?

What three viruses does he Tzanck

HSV 1 and 2 and VZV
test for?
Are the vesicles of Zoster more itchy or
painful
more painful?

Whats the most common post-

Staph Aureus
surgical/wound infection?

Whats the most common cause for

Staph Aureus
impetigo?

Whats the 2nd most common cause for

Strep. Pyogenes
impetigo?

What is the treatment for staph skin

TMP-SMX
infections?

What skin lesion is characterized by

vesciles and pustules ruptureing to Impetigo
form honey-colored crusted lesions?

What toxin causes a sunburn like rash

TSST-1
and hypotension via cytokine release
 Which one is highly contagious,
Impetigo
impeigo or cellultis?

What is the cause of a erythmatous

rash involving the skin and tongue, that Scarlet fever- toxin prodcution from
hs a sandpapery feeling and follows a strep pyogenes infection
throat infection?

Whats the difference between inpetigo Cellulits involves dermis and subq
and cellultis? layers, impetigo is superficial

Which one involves more heat and

Cellultis
pain, cellulitis or impetigo?

What is the most common cause for

Strep. Pyogenes > Staph
cellulitis?

Which type of leprosy is characterized

by granulomas and a positive lepromin Tuberculoid
test?

Which type of leprosy is characterized

by no granulomas and a negative Lepromatous
lepromin test?
 Which type of leprosy involves
Tuberculoid
hypopigmented lesions?

Which type of leprosy invovles lenonine

Lepromatous
like face full of nodules?

Which type of leprosy involves lots of

foamy macrophages and a zone of
Lepromatous
grenz(supepidermal region free of
organisms)

What disease is characterized by

chronic inflammation of the Acne vulgaris
pilosabaceous unit?

What are the two types of acne

Inflammatory and non-inflammtory
lesions?

Which type of acne is caused by

plugging of the outer hair follicles by Non inflammatoory
keratin?

What type of acne is caused by

increased sebum production due to Inflammatory
androgens?
What is the primary pathogen involved
Propionibacterium acnes
in inflammatory acne lesions?

How does Propionibacterium acnes Produces fatty acids through its lipase-
iritate the lesions in acne? creating the inflammatory reaction

Whats the first line against acne? Tetracycline

What is the locaiton for superficial

Stratum corneum
mycoses?

True or False. Incidence of superficial

mycoses occur more in cold, dry False- more in humid hot weather
weather.

Put these in order of occurrence. Tinea

Tinea pedis, tinea unguim, tinea
unguim, tinea pedis, tinea versicolor,
versicolor, and tinea cruris (jock itch)
tinea cruris

What area of the body is most often

Scalp- tinea capitis
affected by trichophyton tonsurans?
 What device detects flourescent
metabolitses produced by organisms in Woods lamp
the skin?

What preparation is used to detect

hyphae in the stratum corneum and KOH
hari shafts?

What disease is characterized by ring

shaped patches of hair loss with black Tinea Capitis
dots where the hair is gone?

What is the treatment for tinea capitis? Allylamines like Terbinafine

Inhibits squalene epoxidase- step in

Whats the mechanisms for terbinafine?
ergesterol synthesis

What does Trichophyton tonsurans

Tinea Capitis
mostly cause?

What are most fungal tinea's caused

Trichophyton Rubrum
by?
 What does Trichophyton Rubrum
Most superficial dermatomycoses
cause?

Which dermatomycoses is
charachetized by annular rash w. Tinea corpis
central clearing?

Which dermatomycoses may have

Tinea corpis
exposure to a cat or dog?

What is tinea corpis most often caused

Trichophyton Rubrum
by?

Whats the most common site for

Tinea pedis
superficial dermatomycoses?

What two types of tinea are

Tinea cruris and tinea pedis
characterized by excessive sweating?

Of the tinea pedis, cruris, ungium and

corporis, which one does not respond Tinea Unguim - Nail infxn
to topical agents?
 What is Tinea Versicolor caused by? M. Furfur

What type of superficial skin infxn is

characterized by either hypo or Tinea Versi(tile)-color
hyperpigmented skin?

How does M.Furfur cause

IT induces enlargment of melanosomes
hyperpigmentation in Tinea versicolor?

How does M. Furfur cause

It inhibits tyrosinanse via its acids.
hypopgimentation in tinea versicolor?

What organism under Koh has the

classic Spagetti and meatballs M. Furfur (dimorphic fungus)
apppearnce?

Whats dandruff caused by? non known- maybe pityrosporum ovale

What is suborrheic dematitis? Dandruff

 What are the two most common
Parkinsons and AIDS
associations with Dandruff?

Where can seborrheic dermatitis occur Eyebrows and nasal creases- greasy
other than the scalp? dermatitis thats also scaly

What disease is characterized by a

linear chain of suppurative Sporotrichosis
lymphocutaneous nodules?

What is cutaneous larva migrans

Ancyclostoma Brazilense
caused by?

What is the definitive host for

Dogs and cats poop in sandboxes
ancyclostoma?

Larvae swim through skin and cause

What is cutaneous larva migrans?
tunnels to form- intesnse itching

Our old friend- the bedbug- allergic

What does Cimex Lectularius cause? reaction to its saliva- it drinks your
blood
What are liver spots or brown macules
on elderly individuals on sunexposed Solar lentigo
areas?

True or False. Solar lentigo,

characterized by liver spots, are False,
precancerous.

True or False. While freckles have

increased melanocytes, Solar lentigo False, other way around
simply has more melanosomes.

True or false. Ephelis is characterized

True, freckles have more melanin, not
by an increased amount of
more cells
melanosomes, not melanocytes.

True or False. Vitiligo is more common

False, its more common in blacks
in whites than blacks.

What is characterized by an
autoimmune destrcution of Vitiligo (as opposed to albinism)
melanocytes.

False, thats vitiligo. Albinism has less

True or False. Albinism has a
tyrosinase leading to absence of
decreased number of melanocytes.
melanin in melanocytes
True or False. Albinism is related to
False, thats vitiligo. Albinism does not
autoimmune conditions, such as
have autoimmune aspect
Hashimotos and hypoparathyroidism

What hyperpigmentation disorder is

Melasma
caused by pregnancy or OCP use?

Melasma is associated with

(increased/decreased) (melanocyte Increased Melanosome production
number/melanosome production)?

Nevus cells are modified

Melanocytes
(melanocytes/keritinocytes).

Which type of nevus is characterized

by nests of nevus cells only in basal Juncitonal nevus
cell layer?

Which type of nevus occurs in children

and involves nevus cells expanding Compound nevus
into superficial dermis?

Which type of nevus is a compound

nevus without its juncitonal Intradermal nevus
component?
 Whats the layer term for a nevus? mole

What type of nevus did mom have

Intradermal nevus
before she got them removed?

What type of nevus do I have on my

Junctional nevus
hand?

True or False. People are born with False, they develop in early childhood.
nevi. (I gained the ability to tell right from left)

Whats a nevus bigger than 6mm, on an

erythematous background, with Dysplasticc nevus
irregular borders called?

True or False. Dysplastic nevi usually False, that association has not been
proceed to melanoma. made yet.

How is dysplastic nevus syndrome

Autosomal Dominantly
inherited?
 What dissease has more than 100
dysplastic nevi, is inherited auto-
Dysplastic nevus sydrome
dominantly, and always progresses to
melanoma?

Dysplastic nevus sydrome rarely False, many do get melanoma (yearly

proceeds to melanoma. (true/false) derm exam required)

Which skin cancer has the leading

Melanoma
cause of death?

What is the single most important risk Exposure to a lot of UV sunlight at an

factor for melanoma? early age

What biochemical disorder predisposes xeroderma pigmentosum (nucleotide

to melanoma? excision repair0

False. It is in the papillary dermis, just

True or False. Superficially spreading
hasn't broken through the reticular
melanoma is not in the dermis at all.
dermis

False, it is already malignant. In CIS,

the basement membrane is not
True or False. Superficially spreading
breached. In superficially spreading, its
melanoma is like Carcinoma in Situ.
just prevented from crossing reticular
layer
True or False. Carcinoma in Situ and
Hutchinson Freckle(lentigno Maligna) Yes
are similar.

Can radially spreading melanoma

no, it must undergo verticle growth first
metastasize?

Which type of melanoma is the most

Superficially sprading
common?

Which type of melanoma is most likely

Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
to appear on the face?

Which type of melanoma has a

precursor known as Hutchinson Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
Freckle?

Which type of melanoma has no radial

Nodular melanoma
phase?

Which types of melanoma have the Nodular melanoma and Acral

most poor prognosis? lentiginous melanoma
What is the most significant prognostic
Depth of invasion
factor?

What type of melanoma is likely to

Acral Lentignous Melanoma
occur in blacks and asians?

Which type of melanoma is not

Acral Lentignous Melanoma
associated with sun exposure?

Which type of melaonma is located on

Acral Lentignous Melanoma
the palm sole or beneath the nail

What are the criteria for malignancy of ABCD- assymetry, border irregulairy,
melanoma? Color, and Diameter

Whats the treatment for melanoma? Excision and prevention (sunblock)

Whats the tumor marker for malignant

S-100
melanoma?
 What is the embrological origin for
Neural crest cells
melanoma?

Whats the precursor for squamous cell

carnioma of the skin (sunlite Actnic Keratosis
associated)?

What is a skin lesion that is

hyperkeratotic with a pearly gray-white
Actinic Keratosis
appearance usually on dorsal
surfaces?

Which skin malignancy is associated

Basal cell carcinoma
with pearly papules wih central craters?

Which skin malignancy is likely to occur

Basal cell carcinoma
the upper lip and higher?

Which skin malignancy has the lowest

Basal cell carcinoma
malignancy potential?

Which skin malignancy is dependent

Basal cell carcinoma
on the stroma for growth factors?
 Which skin malignancy has nests of
basofillic cells with pallisading nuclei Basal cell carcinoma
cells on the periphery?

Which skin malignancy has

Basal cell carcinoma
telengectesic vessels associated?

Which skin malignancy is characterized

by risks including both ARSENIC and Squamous cell carcinoma
sun exposure?

Which cancer is most likely after

Squamous cell carcinoma
immunosuppresive therapy?

What type of theraphy has Sqamous

skin cancer as its most common cancer Immunosuppressive
following the therapy?

What skin malignancy favors the lower

Squamous cell carcinoma
lip?

Which skin malignancy has actinic

Squamous cell carcinoma
keratosis as a premalignant lesion?
 which skin malignancy is assocaited
with scaly to nodular lesions (that often Squamous cell carcinoma
ulcerate)

What inherited disorder is

characterized by increased cornuem, Ichthyossi Vulgaris
no granulosum, and hyperkeratosis?

How is ichthyosis vulgaris inherited? Autosomal dominantly

Whats the most common inherited skin

Ichthyossi Vulgaris
disorder?

What is a pruritic, sometimes painful

Polymorphous light eruption
rash that rapidly occurs after sun
(photodermatitis)
exposure not related to drugs?

What type of skin conditions occur in

people that usually have type I Atopic Dermatitis
hypersensitivity allergies (hay fever)?

What is a general term for

dematalogical disorders characterized
by three stages: 1. acute spongiotic
Eczema
dermatitsis 2. subacute dermatitis 3.
Chronic hyperkeratotic/parakeratotic
dermatitis?
Which stage of eczema has spongiosis
and no thickening and lots of Acute
lymphocytes?

Which stage of eczema has moderate

thickening, moderate spongiosis, and Subacute
less lymphocytes than acute?

Which stage of eczema has

hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis- Chronic
lichenification?

What lesion caused secondarily to

itching leads to the same thing as Lichen Simplex Chronicus
chronic eczematous dermatiis?

What is thought to be the causative Nuerogenic mechnaism (they just

thing behind lichen simplex chronicus? scracth)

What type of hypersensitivity is contact

Type IV
dermatitis?

True or False. Psoriasis has an HLA

True, it is genetically strongly linked
association.
True or False. Psoriasis can follow a
True guttate psoriasis
Streptococcal throat infection.

Are the lesions of psoriasis well

Well demarcated
demarcated/ or poorly defined

Hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and

What are the three main microscopic
elongation of dermal rete pegs
findings in psoriasis?
(capillaries close to surface)

Psoriasis is usually very itchy.

no, its not usually pruritic
(true/false)

What happens when the scales in

Auspitz' sign - they bleed
psoriasis are picked off?

What disease has oil staining of the

nail with accumulaton of yellow debris Psoriasis
beneathnail?

Whats the mainstay of treatment in

Topical corticodsteroids
psoriasis?
 There is epidermal hyperplasia, and we
Whats the logic behind the treatment of
want to stop that so use anything that
psoriasis?
will stop it

What type of infiltrate is seen in

Neutrophils= munro abscesses
psoriasis

Is Psoriasis primarily TH1 or Th2

Th1
response

Is atopic dermatitis primarily Th1 or

TH2
Th2 response?

When does psoriasis most commonly

2 peaks- adolesence and at 60
occur?

What does sudden onset of psoriasis

HIV
suspicous for?

What disease has flat topped

Lichen planus
violaceous papules?
 What disease is characterized by Lichen planus- Purple pruritic polygonal
intensely itchy, purple, papules? papules

What skin disorder that had oral

muscosal lesions with fine net like
Lichen Planus (LP is all about Hep C)
white lesions is associated to Hepatitis
C?

Which disorder is characterized by

itchy papules with fine netlike striae on Lichen planus
top?

Which disorder has Saw-tooth

epidermal hyperplasia with granular
Lichen planus
zone of epidermis thickened in wedge
shapes?

What disease has a dense lympho

lichen planus
infiltrate at dermal/epidermal border?

What itchy skin conditon is common in

Lichen planus
IV drug abuses?

What disease is characterized by a

SINGLE herald patch followed by a Pityriasis Rosea
christmas tree distribution?
 whats the treatment for pityriasis
none- self limited problem
rosea?

Secondary syphillis- check palms and

What can mimic pityriasis roseas?
soles to distinguis

What disease triggered by infections

(mycoplasma) or drugs (sulfa),
Eythema Multiforme (drugs, cancers,
cancers, and autoimmunie disease can
autoimmune disease, and infxns)
have vesicles and bullae with a
targetoid appearnce?

What immunologic reaction of the skin

can have bullae and vesciles on palms Erytema Multiforme
and soles?

What is Erythema Multiforme that

affectes the skin and mucous Stevens johnson syndrome
membranes and can be fatal/

What are flat, greasy, pigmented

squamous proliferations with kertain Seborrheic Keratosis
filled cysts called?

What lesions look pasted on and

commonly occuring benign epidermal Seborrheic Keratosis
tumors in older people?
 Stem cells for division in the skin S. Basalis

Site for superficial dermatophye

S. Corneum
infections

Melanocyte cellular origin Neural crest

Melanin is synthesized from _______

tyrosine
in the the melanosomes

Melansomes transferred by dendritic

processes to _______ (their final Keratinocytes
home)

See melanosomes in all layers;

melanocytes larger/more dendritic Black person
processes

Common wart caused by HPV

 Poxvirus;
Molluscum contagiosum
Umbilicated lesion with viral particles;

Molluscum contagiosum is esp

AIDS
common in what pop

Rubeola Regular Measles

3C's

Prodrome of measles Cough

Coryza (runny nose)
Conjuctivitis

Measles
Koplik spots spots are white overlying erythematous
base

In measles when does the rash appear After koplik spots disappear

Giant cell pneumonia

Acute Appendicitis (Children)
Complications of Measles
Otitis Media
[Not Teratogenic]
 Maculopapular rash with discrete
lesion;
Rubella (German Measles)
not confluent; fades in 3 days
Begins at hair line at heads down

Characteristic:
Rubella
Postauricular Lymphadenopathy

YES
Is Rubella teratogenic
(unlike Measles)

Parvovirus
Erythema Infectiosum (5th dz)
Slapped Face

HHV6;
Most common viral exanthem in
Roeola Infantum
Children <2 yoa;
Common cause of febrile convulsions

Week before Rash

Infectious time frame of varicella Week after rash until vesicles become
crusted

Macules to Vesicles to Papules

Pruritic rash of Varicella progresses
how
(MVP)
 Children:
Reye Syndrome
Cerebritis
Complications of Varicella
Adults:
Pneumonia,
Encephalitis
Hepatitis

Incidence increases with age

Herpes zoster risk factors Cancer
Immunocompromised

Painful vesicles/pustules follow sensory

Herpes zoster
dermatomes

Gram+ coccus in clumps S. aureus

Gram+ coccus in clumps

TSST
Toxin producing desquamating
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin
sunburn like rash

1 cause of skin abscess S. aureus

1 cause of postsurgical wound

S. aureus
infections
 1 cause of hidrandenitis S. aureus

1 cause of impetigo S. aureus

Swollen painful, inflamed apocrine

glands in axillae or groin Hidradenitis suppurativa
Hallmark: Presence of sinus tracks

Impetigo caused by S. aureus

Honey-colored, crusted lesion
(sometimes caused by S. pyogenes)

Gram-, coccus in chains S. pyogenes

Erythematous sandpapery rash that

S. pyogenes
desquamates.
Scarlet fever
Erythrogenic toxin
Bug? Dz? Toxin?

Increased risk of these conditions Poststerp glomerulonephritis

associated with scarlet fever? (2) Rheumatic fever
 Type of cellulitis with raised borders
Erysipelas caused by S. pyogenes
that looks like an orange peel

Chronic inflammation of pilosebaceous

Acne Vulgaris
unit

Statum basalis = ? stem cells for division

stratum corneum has what type of site for superficial dermatophyte

infections? infections

what is the origin of melanocytes? neural crest origin

melanin is synthesized: melanin is synthesized

from? from tyrosine
in? in melanosomes

melanosomes are transferred by what they are transferred by dendritic

process? processes to keratinocytes
 in blacks melanosomes are found in blacks :
which layer(s) melanosomes in all layers
and have more or less odendritic melanocytes larger/more dendritic
processes? processes

HPV (human papillomavirus); DNA

common warts are caused by what?
virus

poxvirus; umbilicated lesions with viral

molluscum contagiosum is caused by ?
particles

molluscum contagiosum can be

AIDS
transmitted by?

rubeola = ? regular measles

Cough
what are the 3 C's of Prodrome? Coryza
Conjunctivitis

rash is developed after Koplik spots

when does a rubeola develop a rash?
disappear
 giant cell pneumonia
Rubeola can develop what
acute appendicitis(children)
complications?
otitis media

rubella = ? german measles

maculopapular rash with discrete

Rubella developes what type of rash?
lesion; non confluent; fades in 3 days

painful postauricular
symptoms of rubella?
lymphandenopathy

Rubella is teratogenic Rubella is teratogenic

erythema infectiosum has what

parvovirus; slapped face appearance
appearance?

polyarthritis in adults = ? rubella and parvovirus

 HHV-6 (human herpesvirus 6); most
what is roseola caused by?
common viral exanthem children < 2
age group?
years old

roseola commonly causes febrile

roseola commonly causes?
convulsions

Varicella (chickenpox); age group = ? predominantly a childhood disease

1 week before the rash; week after

When is varicella infectious?
rash until vesicles become crusted

macules
pruritic rash in varicella progresses
vesicles
how?
pustules

children- reye syndrome, cerebellitis

what complications can occur in
adult - pneumonia, encephalitis,
varicella?
hepatitis

age
herpes zoster (shingles) occurs more
cancer
often with ____ (3)
immunocompromised state
in herpes zoster (shingles) what follows
painful vesicles/ pustules
sensory dermatomes?

Staphylococcus aureus appears as? gram-positive coccus in clumps

TSST (toxic shock syndrome toxin)

desquamating sunburn-like rash
produces?

abscess
postsurgical wound infection
S. aureus infections (4) ?
hidradenitis
impetigo

streptococcus pyogenes appears as? gram-positive coccus in chains

erythrogenic toxin; erythematous

scarlet fever = ?
sandpapery rash that desquamates

scarlet fever risk of poststreptococcal

how does scarlet fever relate to
glomerulonephritis,
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
rheumatic fever
 Erysipelas = ? is cellulitis with raised borders

details of tuberculoid type of leprosy = granuloma intact cellular immunity +

? lepromin skin test

digital autoamputation
developments of tuberculoid leprosy?
hypopigmented skin

details of lepromatous type of leprosy = organisms present; impaired cellular

? immunity; - leptomin skin test

lepromatous produces? leonine facies

chronic inflammation of pilosebaceous

acne vulgaris = ?
unit

in noninflamed comedones appearance open = "blackhead"

of open? closed? closed = "whitehead"
 androgen receptors located on
acne vulgaris have receptors located?
sebaceous glands

acne vulgaris inflammatory type ;

produces lipase
propionibacterium acnes produces?

superficial dermatophytes live where? live in stratum corneum

how is Wood's lamp used with regard Wood's lamp detects fluorescent fungal
to fungal disorders? metabolites

tinea capitis is most often caused by

which fungus that has a negative
T. tonsurans (Trichophyton tonsurans)
Wood's lamp and is predominant in
blacks ?

Tinea capitis is most often caused in microsporum canis (caused by

whites by which fungus that has exposure to dogs)
positive Wood's lamp ? microsporum audouinii

oral terbinafine ,
treatment of Tinea capitis?
topical imidazoles do not work
other infections in superficial mycoses
(dermatophytoses) are most often Trichophyton rubum (except versicolor)
caused by ?

tinea corporis (ringworm) appearance = annular outer border raised/scaly;

? central clearing

what is the most common tenea tinea pedis(athlete's foot); sweating

infection? important cause

tinea cruris (jock itch) what is important

sweat is important in pathogenesis
in pathogenesis?

onychomycosis: raised discolored nail;

tinea unuium = ?
nail plate white, thick crumbly

Rx onychomycosis is treated with oral

Rx onychomycosis is treated with?
terbinafine

alteration in skin pigmentation;

tinea versicolor causes? hypopigmentation or
hyperpigmentation
 M. furfur: timea versicolor; M. furfur: timea versicolor; "spaghetti"
appearance? and "meatballs" KOH appearance

what are the infections caused by

intertrigo; diaper rash; onychomycosis
candida albicans?

seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff) is

M. furfur
caused by?

seborrheic dermatitis other name? called cradle cap in newborns

sporothrix schenckii; subcutaneous

sporotrichosis is caused by?
mycosis infection

traumatic implantation ;
sporotrichosis occurs when?
gardening

chain of suppurating lymphocutaneous

sporotrichosis causes what disease ?
nodules
cutaneous larva migrans are caused
dog/cat hookworm (ancyclostoma)
by?

cutaneous larva migrans: how does it larvae penetrate the skin serpiginous
occur? tunnels

chigger = ? small, red mite

intensely pruritic, red papular/

chigger produce?
urticarial/vesicular rash

human itch mite (sarcoptes scabiei)

females burrow between fingers
females do what?

human itch mite, eggs cause what? pruritus

human itch mites in infants = ? no burrow; rash on palms, soles, face

 head lice (pediculus humanis capitis)
lay eggs ("nits") on hair shafts
lay eggs where?

body louse (pediculus hominis

adults live on skin and breed in clothing
corporis) live? breed?

treatment of body louse? treat clothing NOT the patient

phthirus pubis occur where? louse; pubic hair

bedbug (cimex lectularius) is commonly commonly infest dwellings feed on

found where? human blood

Primary, Flat circumscribed skin

Primary or secondary lesion and discoloration that lacks surface
definition: Patch elevation or depression > 0.5 cm in
diameter

Primary, Flat circumscribed skin

Primary or secondary lesion and discoloration that lacks surface
definition: Macule elevation or depression < 0.5 cm in
diameter
Primary or secondary lesion and Primary, Elevated solid lesion < 0.5 cm
definition: Papule in diameter

Primary, Elevated solid confluence of

Primary or secondary lesion and
papules (>0.5 cm in diameter) that
definition: Plaque
lacks a deep component

Primary or secondary lesion and Primary, Elevated solid lesion > 0.5 cm
definition: Nodule in diameter

Secondary, Thick flakes of dry, whitish

material representing accumulations of
Primary or secondary lesion and
stratum corneum due to
definition: Scale
hyperproliferation or increased
cohesion of keratinocytes

Secondary, Accumulation of thickened

Primary or secondary lesion and
stratum corneum which does not easily
definition: Hyperkeratosis
flake off

Secondary, Collection of dried

Primary or secondary lesion and secretions on the skin. Antecedent
definition: Crust primary lesion is usually a vesicle,
bulla, or pustule

Secondary, Thickening of the skin and

Primary or secondary lesion and accentuation or exaggeration of normal
definition: Lichenification skin markings. Represents epidermal
hyperplasia due to chronic rubbing.
Primary or secondary lesion and Secondary, Partial focal loss of
definition: Erosion epidermis which heals without scarring.

Secondary, Linear or angular erosion

Primary or secondary lesion and
of epidermis due to scratching or
definition: Excoriation
picking

Secondary, Full-thickness focal loss of

Primary or secondary lesion and
epidermis and dermis (and sometimes
definition: Ulcer
subcutis) which heals with scarring

Secondary, Linear split or crack in

Primary or secondary lesion and
epidermis and dermis with sharply
definition: Fissure
defined walls

Primary or secondary lesion and Primary, Extravasation of blood cells

definition: Petechiae into the dermis < 0.5 cm in diameter

Secondary, Collection of new

Primary or secondary lesion and connective tissue. May be hypertrophic
definition: Scar or atrophic. Smooth with lack of
appendageal structures

Secondary, Thickening of dermis which

Primary or secondary lesion and
does not arise at the site of previous
definition: Sclerosis
tissue injury
Primary or secondary lesion and Secondary, Dilated superficial flood
definition: Telangiectasis vessels that blanch with pressure

Primary or secondary lesion and Primary, Extravasation of blood cells

definition: Purpura into the dermis > 0.5 cm in diameter

Primary, Elevated solid lesion > 0.5 cm

Primary or secondary lesion and
in diameter containing fluid/semisolid
definition: Cyst
material

Primary or secondary lesion and Primary, Firm, edematous plaque that

definition: Wheal is evanescent and pruritic

Primary or secondary lesion and Primary, Elevated solid lesion < 0.5 cm
definition: Vesicle in diameter containing clear fluid

Primary or secondary lesion and Primary, Elevated solid lesion > 0.5 cm
definition: Bulla in diameter containing clear fluid

Primary or secondary lesion and Primary, Elevated solid lesion < 0.5 cm
definition: Pustule in diameter containing purulent material
Primary or secondary lesion and Primary, Folliculocentric collection of
definition: Comedo sebum and keratin

Primary or secondary lesion and Primary, Narrow raised channel

definition: Burrow produced by a parasite

Primary or secondary lesion and Primary, Elevated solid lesion > 2 cm in

definition: Tumor diameter

Type of scale: Psoriasis Example of micaceous scale

Type of scale: Pityriasis rosea Example of collarette scale

Type of scale: Tinea versicolor Example of fine or bran-like scale

Type of scale: X-linked recessive

Example of dirty brown scale
ichthyosis
 Example of cornoid lamella with wall of
Type of scale: Porokeratosis
China appearance