International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056

Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

ADAPATIVE SPEED CONTROLLING SYSTEM

Anagha Paulson1, Aleena Seby2 & Agna Bastian3
1,2,3Student, CSE Department,Jyothi Engineering College,Thrissur, Kerala,India

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Abstract - An In todays fast moving world vehicles are the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to assess threat
levels for driver if approaching the curved road quickly. But
getting extremely numbered and as a result traffic jams
these maps need to be updated regularly and are not useful if
and accidents are very common. Rash driving and over there are unexpected road diversions or extensions etc. We
speed of vehicles lead to the demise of many people. propose a dynamic model where the system controls the
Hence automation of speed control of the vehicle is the speed of the automobile according to the data in the frame
that is transmitted by the RF transmitter fixed to the nearby
vital need of todays world. Our project "External
signal unit. RF transceivers are kept in the vehicles which
Adaptive Speed Controlling System" is aimed at receive the speed limit as RF signals from the signal unit. The
automatically controlling the speed of the vehicles at officials in the control unit can control the speed of a traffic
heavy traffic zones and critical areas like school zone, zone by setting the speed limit and notifying the signal unit
as a SMS with the help of GSM modems kept in the control
hospital zone etc. This system will help us to avoid traffic unit and the signal unit, which in turn signals the vehicle unit
jams and accidents due to high speed of vehicles. The transceiver.
speed control of vehicles is done using RF (Radio The above mentioned vehicle unit implementation happens
Frequency) technology. RF transmitters/receivers are in real time, where as in our system we setup an model of
placed in traffic zones and vehicles. When vehicle enters vehicle unit and with help of a remote unit we control the
these zones RF communication occurs and speed is speed of this vehicle model. This model can also be better
utilized to improve the fuel efficiency by imposing the
controlled automatically. An additional feature provided maximum speed limit on the automobiles at which the
by our system is that the traffic officials can control the mileage will be more.
traffic in particular zones by sitting in their offices itself. 2. DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM
That is real time control of traffic is made easier. The
officials can set the speed limit for a particular zone for a Adaptive Speed Controlling system is a dynamic model
fixed time. This is made possible by using GSM network. where the system controls the speed of the automobile
according to the data in the frame that is transmitted by the
The speed limit is send by the official using GSM modem RF transmitter fixed to the nearby signal unit. The
as a message. Then the speed of the vehicle is reduced to transmitter will send RF signals to the vehicle unit from the
that value in the message. signal unit about the speed limit once the vehicle is within the
traffic zone. RF transceivers are kept in the vehicles which
Key Words: GSM, GPS, RF MODEM receive the speed limit as RF signals from the signal unit. The
officials in the control unit can control the speed of a traffic
1.INTRODUCTION zone by setting the speed limit and notifying the signal unit as
a SMS with the help of GSM modems kept in the control unit
We know road accidents are increasing day by day, most of and the signal unit, which in turn signals the vehicle unit
which are caused because the vehicles are driven at high transceiver.
speeds even in the places where sharp turnings and The modules of the system include: vehicle unit, signal unit,
junctions exist. Reduction of number of such accidents is the control unit, remote unit. The above mentioned vehicle unit
prime step needed to be taken.Many systems have been implementation happens in real time, where as in our system
developed to prevent these road accidents. One of them is we setup an model of vehicle unit and with help of a remote
the Cruise control system (CC) that is capable of maintaining unit we control the speed of this vehicle model. Here the
speed defined by the driver and its later evolution version remote unit is used for our system as we are not doing real
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)[1] that keeps the automobile time implementation. Hence the system proposed will have
at safer distance from the preceding vehicle. But these four modules which depend upon GSM technology, RF
systems have no capability to detect the curved roads where technology and PWM.
the speeds of the auto mobiles have to be lowered to avoid
The above mentioned vehicle unit implementation happens
the accidents. Later curve warning systems (CWS) have been in real time, where as in our system we setup a model of
developed to detect the curved roads by using Global
Positioning System (GPS) and the digital maps obtained from
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 107
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

vehicle unit and with help of a remote unit we control the (TTL logic). MAX232 IC is for converting signal from serial
speed of this vehicle model. port (RS-232) to signals suitable for TTL digital logic circuits.
User PC is connected with GSM modem and the level shifter
3. MODULES OF THE SYSTEM will have a form for selecting port number to which GSM
modem is connected with the PC, speed limit to be set, signal
The modules of the system include: vehicle unit, signal unit, unit receiver SIM card number, name of zone etc. and SMS is
control unit, remote unit. send using the send button. User interface is governed by
3.1 VEHICLE UNIT visual studio software.

This unit consist of a microcontroller (ATmega328), LCD 3.4 REMOTE UNIT

(LM016), RF data modem, DC motor with motor driver IC This unit is used to control the vehicle unit for
(L293D), RF bit receiver and a decoder, four LED bulbs, demonstration. The main components used are encoder
power supply and a bridge rectifier circuit, POT. (HT12E), RF bit transmitter and four switches. Buttons are
Microcontroller (ATmega328) connects RF data modem, used for backward, forward, stop, increment and decrement
ignition switch, LCD, DC motor, RF bit receiver and decoder. operation. The encoder is for encoding the data received from
DC have a motor driver IC (L293D) which controls the wheels signal unit. HT12E is used mainly in radio frequency
of the vehicle unit. RF data modem receives the signals from applications for easy transmission and receiving of 12 bits of
signal unit. According to that speed limit, the actual speed of parallel data (in transmitter section of remote unit to carry
vehicle is reduced. RF bit receiver is used to get the signal bit signal from it).
by bit and then decode it into the data needed for the
microcontroller to reduce the speed. LCD display shows 4. ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM
speed limit, message sender number and speed limit of zone
and vehicle status. It also shows zone over when no zone is
selected or a zone is over. LED bulbs will indicate the
operation going on in the vehicle unit controlled by remote
unit. When the circuit is powered all the LED bulbs will glow
at the same time. Bridge rectifier circuit will convert AC
voltage to DC voltage and then given to microcontroller. POT
is used to adjust the contrast of LED bulbs.
3.2 SIGNAL UNIT
Signal unit will be placed in the traffic zone area where
we want to control the speed of vehicles that pass by. It
comprises of GSM modem, microcontroller (ATmega328), RF
data modem, LCD (LM016L), and button interface (zone
selection switches). Here a slot in the GSM modem will be
having a SIM card i.e, the number to which the control unit
will send messages on speed limit. Microcontroller is central
part which controls the signal unit to which RF data modem, FIG 1: BASIC ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM
LCD, GSM modem and button interface are connected.
Microcontroller with EEPROM is used here since the SMS
data containing the speed limit is stored here for further
transmission. The LCD will display the zone status (name
and speed limit of that particular zone), errors if any, number
from which the message is received, speed limit obtained
from message etc. In the button interface part there are two
zone selection switches which are used for demonstration to
switch from one zone to another, select a zone and even no
zones are selected using the action performed on these
switches.
3.3 CONTROL UNIT
Control unit is the speed governing part in our system.
This unit helps the officials to send the speed limit of the
traffic zone to the signal unit in the form of SMS. It comprises
of GSM modem, user interface (PC), level shifter (MAX232 IC).
GSM modem will have the SIM card (sender) i.e, the number
from which control information on speed limit and zones are
passed on to the signal unit by SMS. Level shifter is used to
switch between GSM modem logic (RS 232 logic) to RF logic FIG 2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF VEHICLE UNIT

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem

to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM
modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet
connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and
receiving SMS and MMS messages. A GSM modem exposes an
interface that allows applications such as SMS to send and
receive messages over the modem interface. The mobile
operator charges for this message sending and receiving as if
it was performed directly on a mobile phone. To perform
these tasks, a GSM modem must support an extended AT
command set for sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined
in the ETSI GSM 07.05 and 3GPP TS 27.005 specifications.
RF Data Modem :- Radio modems[4] transfer data
wirelessly across a range of up to tens of kilometres. Using
radio modems is a modern way to create Private Radio
Networks (PRN). Private radio networks are used in critical
industrial applications, when real-time data communication
FIG 3:BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CONTROL UNIT is needed. Radio modems enable user to be independent of
telecommunication or satellite network operators. In most
cases users use licensed frequencies either in the UHF or VHF
bands. In certain areas licensed frequencies may be reserved
for a given user, thus ensuring that there is less likelihood of
radio interference from other RF transmitters. Also licence
free frequencies are available in most countries, enabling
easy implementation, but at the same time other users may
use the same frequency, thus making it possible that a given
frequency is blocked. Typical users for radio modems are:
Land survey differential GPS, fleet management applications,
SCADA applications (utility distribution networks),
FIG 4: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF REMOTE UNIT automated meter reading (AMR), telemetry applications and
many more. Since applications usually require high reliability
5. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS of data transfer and very high uptime, radio performance
AT Mega 328:- Arduino ATMEGA-328 microcontroller plays a key role. Factors influencing radio performance are:
[2] has been programmed for various applications. By using antenna height and type, the sensitivity of the radio, the
the power jack cable, arduino microcontroller has been output power of the radio and the complete system design.
programmed so that the execution of the program may takes
place. Various kinds of arduino board are present in the
market. Arduino software is installed in the computer and so
that we can edit and upload the program according to the
applications. Arduino software supports c and c++
programming languages. Various inputs and outputs are
present in the arduino board and therefore simultaneously 8
input and output ports can be used for various applications.
Some of the applications used by arduino boards are
rotating general motor, stepper motor, control valve open,
etc. ATMEGA 328 microcontroller, which acts as a processor
for the arduino board. Nearly it consists of 28 pins. From
these 28 pins, the inputs can be controlled by transmitting
and receiving the inputs to the external device. It also consists
of pulse width modulation (PWM). These PWM are used to
transmit the entire signal in a pulse modulation. Input power
supply such as Vcc and Gnd are used. These IC mainly FIG: GSM modem (SIM 300)
consists of analog and digital inputs. These analog and digital
inputs are used for the process of certain applications.
GSM Modem:- A GSM modem[3] is a specialized type of
modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a
subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone.
From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks
just like a mobile phone. When a GSM modem is connected to
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 109
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

FIG: Signal unit hardware

6. CONCLUSIONS

The External adaptive speed controlling system is aimed at

controlling the traffic jams and accidents by automatic
control of vehicle speed. This system mainly consist of four
modules namely control unit, signal unit, vehicle unit and
remote unit. RF technology is used to control the vehicle
speed. When the vehicle enters the particular zones RF
communication occurs between the vehicle and zone, thus
the speed is controlled. This system also provides another
feature by which the officials can control and set the vehicle
speed by staying in their offices itself. This is made possible
through the GSM network. Speed limit is send as a message.
So we can conclude that by using our proposed system the
real time control of vehicle speed is possible. It avoids
accidents and enable smooth traffic.

REFERENCES

[1] Saivignesh H , Mohamed Shimil M , Nagaraj M ,

Dr.Sharmila B2, Nagaraja pandian M., " RF Based Automatic
Vehicle Speed Limiter by Controlling Throttle Valve",
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology, SSN ONLINE(2319-
8753)PRINT(2347-6710)
[2] R.Hari Sudhan M.Ganesh Kumar A.Udhaya Prakash S.Anu
Roopa Devi P. Sathiya." Arduino Atmega-328
Microcontroller". International Journal Of Innovative
Research In Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation And
Control Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 4, April 2015
[3] www.nowsms.com/faq/what-is-a-gsm-modem
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_modem

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