Checkpoints VCE Physics Units 3&4 2017

Errata
Version: May 2017
Text changes
Ch 1 Motion basics
Q5 change times in options from 2.5 s to 2.6s and 5.0 s to 4.9s
Q6 Changes distances from 31 m to 32 m and 63 m to 64 m
Q20 Change question to:
Calculate the acceleration of the trolley from these measurements.
Ch 2 Forces
Q20 Add this sentence to the question:
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
Q28 In last sentence of question change 5.0 N m1 to 4.9 N m1.
Q29 and Q 30. Give answers to 2 significant figures.
Ch 3 Energy
Q15 Third sentence of stem should now read:
She needs to raise her centre of mass by 7.0 m to vault a bar.
Q18 Give answers to 2 significant figures.
Q29 Second and third sentences should now read:
It has a value of k = 10 N m1, and they measure an unstretched length of 2.0 m. The
mass hangs stationary at a measured distance of 1.0 m below the unstretched
position (X) of the spring, at Y, as shown at position 6b in the below.
Q29 In the table the SPE box for position P should read:
SPE = k(x)2 rather than SPE = (kx)2
Q33 Give answers to 2 significant figures.
Ch 5 Projectiles
Q4. In options change 1.7s to 1.8 s and 3.4 s to 3.5 s
Q10 In stem change 6.0 s to 6.1 s.
Q13 Give answers to 2 significant figures.
Q17 Give answers to 2 significant figures.
Ch 6
Q21b Change end of the sentence to close to 390 N
Ch 7 Relativity
Q3 Change option D to 3.9 1015 J
Ch 8 Fields
Q 16 Change directions of right hand diagram currents from dots to crosses, and add the
words to the first sentence on part a as viewed from below the wires
Ch 9 Gravitation
Q5 Change option C to 62 500 kg, and insert the word approximately between its and
weight.
Ch 10
Q1 6 insert the words are given between have a mass of 5.0 mg and a kinetic energy
of 15 J
Ch 11
Q7 Change first sentence to end .in the diagram above.
Q9 Change Option B to down down down
Ch 13 Generation principles
Q3 Change slip-ring commutator to split-ring commutator.

1
Ch 14 Transformers and transmission
Q14 Add to the stem the sentence: The output power of the transformer is 21 W.
Ch 22 Extended questions
Q2 Change the sentence The bungee cord is designed to stop her after she has fallen a
distance of 60 m. to The bungee cord is designed to stop her moving downwards
after she has fallen a distance of 60 m.
Data Sheet
Replace g (gravitational field at Earths surface) = 10 N/kg with 9.8 N/kg.

Changes to the answers

Global change: Wherever g is referred to as equal to 10, change to 9.8.
Specific changes as below
Ch 1 Motion basics
20 1.7 m s1 Use gsin or x = at2 (gives 1.75 or 1.7).
Ch 2 Forces
12 512 N Driving force = gravitational force down slope = mgsin
23a 29 N Upward and downward forces must balance.
25 0.66 N Calculate a from x = at2 and then use mgsin Fr = ma.
29a 2.0 m s2 Use F (9.8) = m (5) a.
29b 7.8 N Apply F = ma to 4.0 kg mass.
1
30 2.0 N m Use F = mg = kx
Ch 3 Energy
2 B Use PE = mgh; h = 150 sin15
15a 3.7103 J 90% of mgh = 3780 J.
15b 2.7 m Equate area under graph, kx2 to mgh = 4200 J.
18a 3.0 104 J mv2
1
18b 22 m s At top of hill, the train has KE + PE; at the bottom, all PE is
converted to KE (hence 0.5mu2 + mgh = mv2).
18c 5.0 10 J
4 Subtract actual KE from predicted KE.
21a 5.5 kJ Use mgh.
23 3.9 J 7.8 J of mgh is lost; 3.9 J of kx2 energy is gained.
1
25a 950 kg m s Use conservation of energy to find speed at bottom of
hill; then multiply by mass (p = mv).
30a 0.78 m Take zero of GPE at lowest point, and zero of EPE at
unstretched length. Then mgx = kx2.
Ch 4 Momentum
21 1.2 kg block has (ve) momentum after collision; change (to the left) is
greater original momentum; 2.4 kg receives the same change in the (+ve)
direction.
22 2.0 m s1 MomentumBEFORE = 160 000; MomentumAFTER = 80 000v.
23a 12 kg m s 1
Total momentum = 2.0 6.0 + 0 = 12 kg m s1.
23b 8.0 kg m s1 Impulse = change of momentum of m1 = 8 kg m s1, left.
24 An isolated system is not acted upon by external forces; every force in the system has
an equal & opposite action-reaction force in the system. Every impulse is balanced by
an equal & opposite impulse, hence conservation of momentum in the system.

2
Ch 5 Projectiles
14b 0.98 s Use x = ut + 0.5gt2 (vertical quantities only).
Take u = 6.5sin30, g = 9.8, x = 1.5 (down positive).
14c 5.5 m R = horizontal component of velocity travel time.
Horizontal component = ucos30.
15a 51 m s1 Use v = x/t, with time of flight for drop of 45 m.
15b 32 m Use v2=u2 + 2ax; with v = 0.
15c 6.5 s Use x = ut + 0.5gt2; u = 25; g = 9.8; x = 45.
15d 282 m Horizontal velocity time.
17a 34 m s1 vtcos30 = 100, t = 2vsin30/9.8. Solve.
17b 31 m s1 Use R = v2sin2/g (range formula).
18d 6.7 m s1 Use x=ut+ 0.5at2 for vertical components of motion.
18e 7.3 m s1 Vector addition, and Pythagoras theorem.
18f 65 tan1vy/vx
19c 16 m Use x = gt2.
20b 67 J Difference between 110 J and GPE at maximum h.
21a 64 m Time of flight from x = gt2 (6.32 s); then horizontal range.
21b 63 m s1 Add vertical & horizontal components of velocity.
22c 11 m Use formula h = u2sin2/2g; other methods possible.
23b 3.5 s Apply v = u + at to vertical components; 1.73 s up and down.
24b 26 m s1 Horizontal motion: speed = 20cos30 = 17.3
49 to horiz Vertical motion: final speed from v = u + at = 30 m s1
Combine using Pythagoras.
25a 5.1 m Vertical component of initial velocity = 20sin30 = 10; final
vertical velocity at max height = 0; a = 9.8; use v2 = u2 + 2ax.
25b 4.0 m Time of fight (from horizontal motion) = 1.5 s; now use
vertical motion with x = ut + at2.
26b 23 m Calculate t from horizontal motion, t = 40cos30/173 = 5.0,
then use x = ut + at2 for vertical motion u = +20, a = -9.8, t =
5.0.
27a 141 m Simplest to use range formula here: R = v2sin2/g.
Ch 6 Circular motion
3 D Component of N supplies the required centripetal force.
4 B Resolve forces vertically; they must balance.
1
12a 1.6 m s N + mg = mv2/r; N cannot be <0. Set N = 0 for min. speed.
12b 0.31 N Use N + mg = mv2/r, make N the subject.
14c N = 962 N (from N mg = mv2/r), about 50% more than normal.
18b 21 m s1 Use Nsin15 = Fnet = mv2/r. Combine with Ncos15 = mg.
20a 3.1 N Use FNET = mv2/R.
20c 3.3 N Solve Tsin = 3.125 and Tcos = mg (square and add).
20d 73 Horizontal component of T = 3.13; vertical component = 1
21a 3.1 kN Use FNET = mv2/R.
21c 20 m s1 Use mgh + 0.5mu2 = 0.5mv2.
21e 2.6 kN Use TBOTTOM= (mv2/R + mg)/2cos.
22c 49 Use formula tan = v2/gr or derive from vector components.
23a 12 m s1 At point A, use N + mg = mv2/r with N = 0 to find v.
23c 709 N At point B, N mg = mv2/r; make N the subject and calculate.
25b 7.3 Use or derive tan = v2/Rg to give = 7.3.

3
28d 7.7 Use or derive tan = v2/Rg.
Ch 7 Relativity
3 D From relativistic KE formula
35b Half the rate of Sallys
v = c(1- g -2 ) 2
1
38a 0.905c Use
38d 1250 MeV Use ( 1)mc2.
v = c(1- g -2 ) 2 .
1
41 9.37 107 m s1 Length contraction with = 1.053; now use
46 11.9 ps t in scientists frame is 21.6 ps; apply reverse time dilation.
59a 4.3 109 kg s1 Put 3.85 1026 = m c2.
Ch 9 Gravitation fields
12 6.1 1012 J Use KE = GMm/2R.
Ch 10 Electric fields
12b 3.3 109 kg Use qE = mg.
16a 3.9 107 N m1 Work done = Fx = qEx
16b 468 kV Use V = Ed
17b 98 Use mg = qE
18b 0.050 N Use weight = mg = Tcos15.
Ch 11 Magnetic fields
9 B
16 To the right
Ch 13 Generation
10 D
14 C
Ch 22 Extended Questions
2a 147 N m1 At 60 m, KE and GPE = 0; so mgh = kx2.
7b 4.8 m s1 Apply x = ut + at2 to the vertical motion (watch signs!).
7c 5.7 kJ KE + PE at start = mu2 + mgh = mv2end;ustart = 5.7 m/s.