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Abbreviations: L&S Liddell & Scott Greek-English Lexicon; OLD Oxford Latin Dictionary; Schrevelius Cornelius Schreveliuss 1825
Greek-Latin & Latin-Greek Lexicon; Pinzger Gustavus Pinzgers 1825 Greek-Latin & Latin-Greek Lexicon; OED Oxford English Dictionary;
OP Comeniuss Orbis Sensualium Pictus; OP Span Greek translations by Leopold Scherschnik (1802) and Mart. Span (1820) of a slightly
modified version of the OP; LJ Comeniuss Lexicon Januale; RG Randy Gibbons, co-author; SH Stephen Hill, co-author who transcribed the
Orbis Pictus (Latin and Greek); FV Felipe Vogel, co-author who transcribed the Janua

JANUA LINGUARUM RSRATA. [] .

I Intrtus. .
1 Salve, Lector mce. , .
2 S rgas, quid sit rditum esse, responsum hbe: Nosse rerum , () ,
differentias, et posse numquodque suo insignire nmine. ,
.
3 Nihilne praetr? Nl certe quidquam. ( ); .
4 Ttius nim rdtnis psuit fundmenta, qui nmencltram ,
ntrae et artis perddcit. .
, - fundmentum
5 Sed id diffcle forsn? ();
6 Est, s invtus fceris, aut praevniente mgntne t ipsum , ,
terrueris. .
7 Tandem, s quid asprttis erit, nto erit. , .
8 Annn et littrarum chractres peris prmo inttu mra monstra
vdentur? ;
RG: The translator wrote (). The rule in L&S is to make
it plainly negative, writers used ...; to make it plainly
affirmative, ...; Since the question here is plainly affirmative,
and to avoid unnecessary confusion, I have written .

1
 , - signum, portentum, prdgum
9
Ast bi paullum impenderint prae, ldum et icum esse .
nimadvertunt.
10 dem in omni re vnit, ut adspectu extriore prsa appreat. , .
11 At s aggredi pergas, nhil est quod nn cdat et s subdat ingno.
.
Hdt. 2.28
12 Qui cpit, cpit omnia. , .
13 gedum tque, quisquis es, sprare g t ibeo, dsprare vto. , , ,
.
14 n vde exgum hoc pusclum. , (), , .
15 Hc tmn nversum mundum tibi (absit verbo glra) Ltnamque -
linguam, velut in Enchrdo, ostendam. -
[], , .
mla loquor de lquo, crmnor, reprhendo, clumnor
lquem; fascno [cognate - fascinum is an evil spell],
invdeo
16 Tenta quaeso: volve et disce liquot has pgellas! , .
17 Facto hoc, cltum et perspccem t ad omnia hmnttis stda ,
rips compries. .
(RG: I dont find the compound in LSJ and I have
substituted .)
II De ortu mundi, et crtine prmaeva. ().
18 Dus cravit omnia ex nhlo. .
(RG: For a different view, see fragment 30 of Heraclitus:
,
.)
19 Principio nim expandit (extendit) vastissimam byssum, hoc est, , ,
sptum, bi caelum et terra exsistunt. , .

20 Et replvit eam tnebrcsa quadam et informi clgne. .
, = - clgo, nis mist

2
 21 Ex qua tamquam mtra formavit crtras corpras, distinctas
formis, et vestitas accidentibus vris, prt cuiusque dam intr s .
concperat.
[]; []; []; , []
22 Implantavitque cuique ntram suam, id est, vim observandi
assignatum lcum, mdum, genusque suum. , , .
and []
- 1) servo, conservo, tor, adservo, rservo, custdio,
observo 2) insdor, insdse observo 3) exspecto
III De lmentis. .
23 Ante omnia vro confsum istud chos scundum densttis et , ,
rrttis grdus in quattuor spces spravit (sgrgavit). [] .
, []
,
, , (, , ) - densus, sldus, spissus, crber,
frquens; prdens
[], , - rrus; tnis, angustus, imbcillis; frglis;
cdcus, infirmus
, , - rrus, sltus, laxus, fungsus, mollis
, , (, ) - 1) laxus, fungsus, mollis 2) infltus,
tmdus, sperbus 3) ftlis, nnis, lvis, neglgens
RG: In the texts of the Greek natural philosophers, the opposite of
, is / and /
, so I have replaced in the Greek
translation with those two words.
he classical elements.
24 Tnissimam et subtlissimam partem fcit lcdam et cldam et ,
appellavit ignem, seu lcem. .
25 liam trum tnem, pellcdam et tpdam, dixit rem. .
26 Tertia portio flda et frgda fuit, qua. , .
27 Sub qua mansit sdmentum crassum, lmus, seu terra. , , , .
, - glten, nis (n.)
, [] - lmus mud, slime
, - lcna, lcus caenosus seu plustris

3
 - ltum, caenum, lmus; crta, argilla; vnum dultratum
(i.e., lees)
28 Atque haec sunt simplcia corpra, ex quibus compsita (mixta) ,
exsurgunt. .
29 Omnia nim rlqua ex his constant. .
30 Quippe ex iis gnrantur, iis nutriuntur, in eadem dum , ,
corrumpuntur, rsolvuntur. .

OP Span
1 Mundus (~ OP III)
Caelum habet ignem, lcem et stellas. nbs pendent in re. ves , .
vlant sub nbibus. Pisces ntant in qua. Terra contnet montes, () .
silvas, campos, nmlia, hmnes. nversus mundus ex quattuor . () .
lmentis constat, quae prma stmina omnium corprum sunt: , , , , .
omnia corpora ex his prvniunt. ,
.
- mundus. cosmos; modern knowledge: Alexander von
Humboldt, Carl Sagan and now, in 2014, Neil deGrasse
Tyson (RG: According to some ancients, for example,
Aetius [Diels Doxographi Graeci 1879, p. 327], Pythagoras
was the first to apply the term to the order of the
Universe: .
.)
- caelum (coelum)
, - ignis, is (m.)
, (Att. contr. for , ; Dont confuse with
, = man) - lux, lcis (f.)
, - stella
- nbs, is
( like , to lift up, raise); [both
passive] - pendeo
, [] - r, ris (m.)
, - vis, is
- vlo
, - piscis, is

4
 ; - nto
, - qua
, - terra
- contineo
, - mons, montis
[] - silva
- campus
- nmal, lis
- hmo, nis
, , ; , , - omnis, omne
, - quattuor
- lmentum
- consto
- prmus
, - stmen, nis (n.)
, - corpus, ris (n.)
- rlquus
[Generally before vowels, before consonants, with
exceptions] - nascor, prvni, fo

IV De firmmento. .
31 Astra sunt vlt lampdes in aethre suspensa, ut, indfnenter
circumcirc rtata, lmne suo tnebras illmnent, cursu autem , ,
temprum vces dmtantur. .
, ( = dsno, dsnere facio)
32 Plnta, quorum ordnem hi versculi complectuntur, sunt septem: , ,
Lna, Mercrus, , , , , , , ,
Vns, Sl, Mars, .
Juppter, Sturnus.
Quisque in pclri suo orbe.
33 Infma est lna, quae incrmenta et dcrmenta pti vdetur, ,
rtardtineque sua menses effcit. ,
.
34 Sl, ibre crusco rdans, ab rente per mrdem in occidentem ,
festna clrtte rvltus, rvltine sua des vginti quattuor (24)
hris, et annos ddcim (12) mensibus, qunqugint dbus (52) , ,

5
 hebdmdibus, trcentis sexgint qunque debus et quarta (365 ) , ,
dfnit. , .
NB: iba, ae - the mane of animal; ibar, ris (n.) - radiance, esp. of , - splendor, lux, lmen, ibar seu lmen slis, ds;
the morning star and other heavenly bodies another translation for ibar would be ,
- splendeo, lceo, fulgeo, nteo
35 Ortum eius praecdit Aurra et dlclum, cum descit et lcescit.
.
tempus antlcnum seu mttnum, dlclum (cock-
crow)
=
36 Occsum (btum) squitur crpusclum cum vesperascit et , (),
noctescit. .
[]
37 Ascendens [i.e., sl] ad vertcem nostrum spernum (qui vulgo , ,
Zenith; cui infrus [sc. vertex], vulgo Nadir, oppnitur) seu ,
dclnans ab Aequnoctli [sc. circlo] ad Tropicum Cancri, sve [sc. ] ,
Solsttlem, facit vr: rursumque ad Trpcum Capricorni sve
hmlem dscendens, autumnum: et trbque Aequnoctum. .
infrus <> suprus
NB: Zenith and Nadir are medieval Latin words derived from
Arabic
Zenith, Nadir, Tropics, Sirius
, - vr, vris (n.)
, - aestas, aesttis
(sts. ) L&S: the part of the year between the rising
of Sirius and of Arcturus (last days of July, all of August,
part of Sept.) (a second meaning is fruit) - autumnus
, - hems, mis
38 mus [i.e., sl] dat Brmam, ordturque Hmem: summus
Slsttem, inchatque Aesttem, bi Srus (Cncla, seu , , .
Cnclae stella) exctat aestum. ( , ,
.)
brma > brevima, old form of brevissima, sc. des, our winter
solstice - each of the two solistices
RG: Since the translator ignored excitat aestum, I added the
sentence in parentheses, based on the text of Geminus

6
 Introduction to the Phaenomena, 17.39.
39 Mercrus eum [i.e., slem] in eccentrico pcclum vectante ,
circit, ctius quam smanno, sc quoque vnusta Vns, sed .
sesquanno.
( ) - fnio
circmo = circo
Regarding eccentrico epicyclum vectante, the epicycle was an
element in in ancient astonomical models.
40 Hanc [i.e., Vnrem] mn lcfrum (Phosphrum), vespri , .
Hesprum, sve vesprgnem vcant.
sc. , =
sc. , =
late in the day
41 Mars igntus prdum suam bennio ferme percurrit; splenddus ,
Juppter suam paene ddcim pervgatur: gldus Sturnus tantum , .
nn trgint. Et ab his errribus des hebdmdis nmencltines
sortiti sunt: Des Slis (domenicus, ca), des Lnae, des Martis, des , , , ,
Mercri, des Ivis, des Vnris, des Sturni. , , .
42 Eclpses (obscrtnes) lmnrium funt propter interpstnem
terti nn trlcentis, indeque orta bumbrtne. .
, - quodcunque lmen praebet; -
lmnria (lmnris, e)
43 Stellae fixae cum octva sphaera aequlter prgrduntur, sed () ,
inaequlter cruscant. .
RG: In pre-Copernican astronomy and astrology, the eighth sphere
is the shell carrying or zone occupied by the fixed stars. See, for
example, the spheres in Dantes Paradiso. For the translators text
I have substituted Ptolemys term for the fixed stars,
(sc. ).
43.1 Theodore Simons 1642 edition (Janua et auctior et mcltior The 1642 edition appended to sentence #43 the 48 constellations
quam unquam anthc) appended to sentence #43 the names and identified by Ptolemy in the Almagest:
number of stars in the 48 constellations identified by Ptolemy in the
()
Algamest:
, K .
Harum in Firmmento circumscus praecs nmrantur mlle ()
vgint dae (1022), praeter trs in Cincinno Berencs. Prmae () ()
magntdnis sunt qundecim (15); scundae qudrgint qunque ()

7
(45); tertiae dcentae oct (208); qurtae qudringentae septugint () () ()
quattuor (474); quntae dcentae septendecim (217); sextae (). Coma Berenices. apparent magnitude of stars
ndquinqugint (49); nblsae qunque (5); obscriores nvem
[ - cincinnus a ringlet, lock of hair]
(9).

Stae sunt vel in zdci signis ddcim (12):
[ in its L&S II. meaning figure, image (not necessarily of
1. In rte trdcim (13) et qunque (5) informes. [That is
animals) > dim. > , , >
to say, in the 30 division of the zodiac named after the
(with or without ) - zdcus, i. zodiac]
constellation Ram, 5 stars fall outside that constellation.]
2. In Tauro trgint dae (32) et ndcim (11) informes, 1. (), (). [ -
inter quas est prmae magntdnis clus tauri; bi ntae rs, itis]. Aries
Plades (Verglae) (quae septem dci, sex tmn esse 2. (), (),
slent) et Hyades (Sculae), plvum sdus et ltr
Parlcum [sc. sdus; Parlcus, a, um = of the Parla, ium , ,
(also Palla), the festival of Pales on April 21, the natal day , .
of the city of Rome]. [ - taurus]. Taurus. Aldebaran (eye of the bull). On
3. In Gmnis ddvgint (18) et septem (7). the Roman names Sculae and Parlcum sdus for the
4. In Cancro nvem (9) et quattuor (4). Hyades, see Pliny Nat. 18.247 (chapter 66). The Pleades
5. In Lne vgint septem (27) et oct (8), bi prmae and Hyades are open clusters.
magntdnis sunt cr et cauda. 3. (), (). [
6. In Virgine vgint sex (26) et sex (6), bi prmae - gmni]. Gemini
magntdnis est Spca Virginis. 4. (), (). [
7. In Lbra oct (8) et nvem (9). [] - cancer, cri]. Cancer
8. In Scorpo vgint na (21) et trs (3). 5. () (),
9. In Sgittrio trgint na (31).
10. In Cprcorno ddtrgint (28). . [ , - l, nis]. Leo
11. In quro qudrgint dae (42) et trs (3). 6. (), (),
12. In Piscibus trgint quattuor (34) et quattuor (4). . [ -
virgo, nis]. Virgo
Vel extr zdcum:
7. () (), (). [
Brles. - lbra]. Ptolemy mostly called this = claws
1. In Ursa Mnore (Cynsra) septem (7). (of Scorpius). Libra
2. In Ursa Maiore (Hlc) vgint septem (27) et oct (8). 8. (), () . [
3. In Dracne trgint na (31). - scorpus, i and scorpo, nis ]. Scorpio
4. In Cpheo ndcim (11) et dae (42). 9. (). [ , -
5. In Bot (Arctophylace) vgint dae (22) et na (1), bi sgittrus]. Sagittarius

8
 prmae magntdnis Arctrus. 10. (). [ , - -
6. In Crna Bra (vel Brle) octo (8). cprcornus]. Capricorn
7. In Engonasi (Hercul) ddtrgint (28) et na (1). 11. (),
8. In Lyra (Vulture Cadente) dcem (10), bi prmae (). [ - qurus]. Aquarius
magntdnis est Lyrae Fdcla. [fds, ium f. pl. a small 12. (),
lyre] (). [ , - piscis, is]. Pisces
9. In lre (Cygno) septendcim (17) et dae (2). RG: The Comenius/Simon text adds bi na prmae
10. In Cassiopa trdcim (13). magntdnis in re Piscis Austrni /
11. In Perseo vgint sex (26) et trs (3). . The star is Fomalhaut,
12. In Aurga (Hniocho, richthno) quattuordcim (14), bi and it is indeed part of the constellation Piscis Austrinus, so
est prmae magntdnis Cpella (Hircus). I have moved it there (In the Almagest, Ptolemy makes it
13. In Ophic(h)o (Angutnente, Serpentro) vgint quattuor the 42nd star in Aquarius:
(24) et qunque (5). ).
14. In Serpente Ophic(h)i ddvgint (18).

15. In Sgitta (Tlo) qunque (5).
16. In qula (Vulture Vlante) nvem (9) et sex (6). .
17. In Delphno dcim (10). 1. , , . [ by itself
18. In qulo (clo) (qui Sectine) quattuor (4). normally refers to Ursa Major, but Strabo distinguishes
19. In Pgso (quo lto) vgint (20). and .] Ursa Minor (whose tail
20. In Andrmda vgint trs (23). is the Little Dipper)
21. In Tranglo (Deltto, rgno) quattuor (4). 2. , [], ,
Austrles. . Ursa Major (aka Charles Wain, and which contains
the Big Dipper, or Plough)
1. In Cto vgint (22) et dae (2).
3. . Draco
2. In rne ddquadrgint (38), bi sunt prmae
4. , . Cepheus
magntdnis (h)mrus dexter et ps sinister rnis.
RG: Ptolemy in the Algamest identifies only two stars
3. In rdno (flvo Nlo) trgint quattuor (34), bi est
in Cepheus. The number 42 in Simons 1642
prmae magntdnis rdnus.
edition, passed on in subsequent editions, is by itself
4. In Lpre ddcim (12). [NB: Dont confuse lpos/lpor,
suspect because of its size; I take it as a mistake for 2, and
ris (charm) with lpus, ris (hare)]
that is what I write here.
5. In Cne Maiore ddvgint (18) et ndcim (11), bi
5. , , , ,
prmae magntdnis Cnis cdens (Srus).
. [ A. fair wind
6. In Cne Mnore (Ante Cne) dae (2), bi est prmae
B. guardian]. Botes (whose first-magniture star Arcturus is
magntdnis Procyn.
the brightest star in the northern celestial hemisphere)
7. In Argo (ve) qudrgint qunque (45), bi est prmae
6. [] . Corona Borealis (Ariadnes crown)
magntdnis Cnpus.
7. , . Hercules (aka

9
 8. In Hydra vgint qunque (25) et dae (2). Engonasin, cf. Cicero N.D. 2.108, quoting his own Latin
9. In Crtre (Urna) septem (7). translation of Aratus:
10. In Corvo septem (7). mgo quam quidem Graeci
11. In Centauro (Chrne) trgint septem (37), bi prmae Engnsin vocitant, genibus quia nixa feratur
magntdnis ps Centauri. i.e., () )
12. In Bestia Centauri (Lpo, Fra) ndvgint (19). 8. [] ,
13. In ra (Trblo, Lre) quattuordcim (14) et septem (7). . Lyra (whose first-magniture star Vega is the second
14. In Crna Austrna (Rta Ixnis) trdcim (13). brightest star in the northern celestial hemisphere. RG: As
15. In Pisce Austrno (Nto) ndcim (11) et sex (6), bi na far as I can tell, Fidicula in the ancient sources was an
prmae magntdnis in re piscis. alternate name for Lyra, the constellation, not by itself or as
string of the lyre for its brightest star. On the name Vega
Pli axis sunt d: arctcus (borus) et antarctcus. Horizn (circulus
and falling eagle or vulture, see etymology.)
fntor) dvdit hmisphaerium infrius a spriore.
9. , . Cygnus
10. [OLD gives three forms for
the Latin, Cassiepa,ae; -op, s; -opa, ae]. Cassiopeia
(wife of Cepheus)
11. , . Perseus
12. ,
[() , and , - deer,
roe]. Auriga (its brightest star Capella is an example of a
star system)
13. , . Ophiuchus
14. . Serpens
15. () . RG: I added , the
word for arrow actually attested as a constellation. Sagitta
16. , .
Aquila (Antinous Hadrians lover and an obsolete
constellation now merged with Aquila)
17. . Delphinus
18. . Equuleus
19. [] . Pegasus
20. . Andromeda (daughter of
Cepheus and Cassiopeia)
21. () . : in the
shape of the letter . Triangulum

10
 .
1. . Cetus [ , ]
2. ,
. Orion (its two first-
magnitude stars are Rigel (toe) and Betelgeuse (armpit))
3. () ,
. Eridanus (its first-magnitude star is
Achernar). RG: The Greeks mostly just called this
constellation , which I have added to the text.
The river was variously identified as the Nile, the Rhne,
the Rhine, and especially the Po, as well as the mythical
river into which plunged the burning chariot of Phaethon.
4. . Lepus
5. ,
. Canis Major (and Sirius, aka the dog-
star, the brightest star in the night sky)
6. , . Canis
Minor (RG: As far as I can tell, / Procyn in the
ancient texts could refer to the constellation or its brightest
star, the latter being its modern meaning. The constellation
actually belongs in the northern celestial hemisphere.)
7. ,
(). Argo Navis, no longer classified as a
separate constellation but broken into several, one of which,
Carina (the ships hull), contains Canopus, the second
brightest star in the night sky after Sirius.
8. . Hydra
9. . Crater RG: I find no evidence this
constellation was ever referred to as Patera (Urna, Calix,
Scyphus, Poculum, but not Patera see Richard Hinckley
Allens Star Names and Their Meanings) and I have
removed that from the text.
10. . Corvus
11. () ,
. Centaurus RG: The modern

11
 name of the first-magnitude star in the Centaurs right foot
is Alpha Centauri, the third brightest star in the night sky
after Sirius and Canopus. It is actually part of what modern
astronomy calls a binary star system.
12. . Lupus RG: Aratus and Ptolemy
simply called this the Beast. The identification
of the beast as lupus (wolf) first starts showing in medieval
and later Latin sources like the Latin translations of the
Algamest. Germanicus translation of Aratus calls it Fera,
which I have added to the Comenian text.
13. , . Ara
14. ( ) . Corona
Australis RG: I added , the name used by
Ptolemy
15. , ,
. Piscis Austrinus (formerly
known as Piscis Notios). The first-magnitude star in the
fishs mouth is Fomalhaut (Fomalhaut is an Arabic word for
the mouth of the fish).
, . (sc.
) , , , .

OP Span
2 Caelum (coelum) (~ OP IV)
Caelum rtatur et ambit terram in mdio stantem, ut antqui ()
crdderunt. Rcentiores nim terrae circa slem mtum dfendunt. , .
Sl bi bi sit, fulget perptuo, etsi nbs nbis eum auferunt; fcit . , ,
rdis suis lcem, lux vro dem. Ex adverso tnbrae sunt, inde () , ,
nox. In nocte splendet lna, et stellae mcant et scintillant. Vespere, , .
est crpusclum, mne, aurra et dlclum. , . ,
() .
, (
).
, - rto

12
 - circumdo
- sto
- crdo
- sl, slis
, [] - mtus, s
(only attested in middle in L&S) - affirmo
, - fulgeo
- perpetuo
- aufero, rpio
, - rdus
, (Att. contr. for , ; Dont confuse with
, = man) - lux, lcis (f.)
- ex oppsito
, - tnbrae
- inde
, - nox, noctis
- lna
; , - splendeo
- mco, scintillo ( - scintilla)
- vespera
- fo
means afternoon, divided into and
(crpusclum)
() - srtnus
[] (Att. ) - mne
, - aurra
- dlculum (Aristotle and Plato also use the phrase
= twilight)

V De igne. .
44 Incendum ex quavis scintilla, s permittis, ritur. () ,
, .
45 Nam quicquid ignem concpit, id prmum gliscit, dein ardet, tum , ,
flagrat et flammat, postrmum crmatum rdgitur in fvillas et (), .
cnres.

LJ: Gliscere, crescere: de igne dcitur; de qua. RG: in the text means to smoke (transitively or intransitively),

13
 to smoulder; as a translation for gliscere, I have substituted
(crescit). Ive also added to translate
ardet.
( ) =
- RG: I have substituted the perfect of for
the of the text; see the note in the OP insert
below.
( )
46 Lignum ardens torris appellatur, extinctum, tti; partcula eius, , ,
carbo; et quamdiu candet, prna. , .
Simons translation here is inconsistent with Spans probably more
accurate translation, many years later, of the similar sentence in the
OP (it is Spans translation SH and I use for the OP below, not
Scherschniks, who followed Simons). Span would have translated
this Janua sentence this way:
, ,
, .
I.e., if forced to accept and reproduce Comenius distinction
between torris and ttio, is probably the lignum ardens.
Furthermore, theres nothing in the dictionaries to suggest
is a live coal (prna); on the contrary, in L&S it is defined as a
piece of burning wood or charcoal; in Schrevelius as ttio
ambustus; in Pinzger as ttio niger, carbo smiustus, vel flgo.
But is Comenius distinction valid? Is ttio a lignum once ardens but
now extinctum? Not based on anything in OLD (ttio = firebrand) or
in Schrevelius or Pinzger (for both of whom ttio = torris = ).
Comenius undoubtedly gets the distinction from Lactantius Divine
Institutes 4, 14 (c. 300 A.D.), as cited by Lewis & Short: ttionem
vulgus appellat extractum fco torrem smiustum et exstinctum.
Of course this is not the Pathway to Latin (or Greek) but the Path to
Madness. Be grateful for an abundance of fire-related Latin and
Greek vocabulary in typically neat little Comenian sentences.
47 Fmus ardens flamma est, cmno insdens, flgo, saepissime
abrdenda, n ignescat.

14
 , .
RG: The text has . I dont find in L&S
(though Pinzger has it, defined as ignitus), and I have substituted the
safer (moreover, I believe Lignum ardens and Fmus
ardens are meant to be parallel).
= ()
=

OP Span
3 Ignis (~ OP V)
Ignis splendet, ardet, rit et crmat. Cuius scintilla per chlybem ex , , , .
slce (pyrte) lsa, et in susctblo a fmte excepta, accendit ( [sc. ]) ,
sulphratum (ignrum), et inde candlam aut lignum et exctat ,
flammam vel incendum quod corrpit aedfca. Inde (ex igne)
fmus ascendit, qui cmno adhaerens in flginem abit. Ex torre . ( )
(ligno ardente) fit tti (lignum extinctum). Ex prna (partcula , () ()
torris) fit carbo. Tandem, quod rmnet cnis est et fvilla (in cnres . ( )
rdgitur). ( ). ( )
. , ().
- splendeo
- ardeo
- ro
[] - crmo. is not in L&S, though it is
listed in several nineteenth century Greek-Latin dictionaries
as idem quod . The common form is ,
which I have substituted. The root is -, - with
inserted in the duplication (Smyth). See
below.
, - scintilla
, - chlybs, ybis
, , - slex, cis
, - pyrtes, ae
- ldo / excito
- susctblum. tinderbox
, - fms, tis

15
 - suscpio
- accendo
(vel ) - sulphratum (sulfur/sulpur/sulphur, ris [n.];
sulfratus, a, um; as substantive usually in pl. sulfrata,
orum)
, - candela
, - lignum
- excto
, - flamma
= , - incendum
- corrpio
- aedfcum
- fumus
- ascendo
/ - cmnus
- adiceo
(passive) - detineor
, ; = ; - fuligo (Erotianus
Grammaticus: )
- fo
, L&S: related to - torris, is
[] - lignum
- incendor, ardeo
, L&S: related to - tti, nis (m.)
- extinguo
(RG: I go here with what I find in L&S, which is
, not the of the text) - prna
, / , - pars, partis
, - carbo
, - cnis, ris
= () - fvilla
- in cnres rdgo

VI De meteris. .
48 Vpres aequsi perptuo sursum fruntur. .
49 Ex his densatis fit nbs; aut s haec dorsum lbitur, nbla. , ,

16
 .
50 Inde plit, ningit, grandnat. , , .
mostly in present
51 Plvia dstillat lente, imber dense, nimbus imptse. , ,
.
, , (, Att. ; = ) -
imptsus, vi perrumpens
52 Hic, s inter dcdendum (dlbendum) glascit, fit grando; s () ,
inclescit nmum, rdo seu rbgo [rbgo]. () .
LJ: Rere (urgere ardre ignis) non uno fit modo. Nam Rdo RG: I think rdo and apply mostly to plants, rbgo to
(Rca [Rca, rca]) adRit plantas: fulmen ambRit arbres: metals or plants
Rtca* perRit cutem, et inRit vsculas: frgus praeRit
membra: Rg fit in membris ab USTlante mdcna, indcente
USTinem : USTor olim combrebat (exrebat) corpora mortuorum
: non in USTrna opificis, sed fris, rmnente busto (h. e. ambusto
lco, spulchro). Spcae USTlatae sunt dlciae prmtarum.
*While you can easily see why Comenius would assume the same
UR root burning, contemporary etymology (OLD) is dubious.
53 Prna est conglatus rs; stra, stilla rgens. , () ,
( ).
L&S: , in pl. = in Hsch.
54 Nves ex guttlis spmescentibus concrtae sgtem priunt, n ,
glu vel glce algeat. .
concresco, ere, crvi, crtum , - stilla
, [] - frgus, ris; gelu
55 Aura cum sprat, fcillat ns et glata rglat; ventus vhmens et
imptsus cum flat, qutit, prosternit, et prtrit quoquo s vertit. ,
, .
56 Cardnles venti sunt: Subslnus (rentlis), Auster (Ntus , , ,
mrdnlis), Fvnius sve Zephyrus (occdentlis), et qulo , , ,
(parcts, Brs, septentrnlis). Colltrles sunt: Vulturnus, ab , [];
rente brmli; Caecas, ab ortu aestvo; Afrcus (Lbntus, Lips), (), .
ab occsu brmli; Crus [Caurus] (Argests), ab occsu aestvo.

17
 See classical compass rose. Wind gods, the Greek Anemoi.
, (with or without ) - ventus Subslnus
- Auster, tri. Notus
- Fvnius. Zephyrus
, - qulo. Boreas
- Vulturnus
, - Caecias
, - Afrcus ventus (poet. fer turbo)
, [] (prob. the same wind as , the
clearing wind, in Hesiod) - Crus
(Caurus)
On the latter winds, see minor winds.

57 Circus et turbo in gyrum s mrfce circumagunt.

.
, = (, ) L&S: the wind from
NNW
58 Exhltones sulphreae incensae dunt fulgra (fulgetra) et
chasmata. .
59 Et tum clris cum frgre pugna tnitrua ciet, cum frgre terrbli. ,
.
- sntus, qui ex corpore ad terram adlso rtur; sntus
quvs
60 mcans inde flammas fulmen nuncpatur. ,
.
-
61 Quod sve fit rens, sve disctiens, mmento s disspat, et ,
quicquid eo citur, corruit. .
L&S: capable of dispersing, discutient
() - L&S: capable of being crushed or compressed
, () - literally, of hair too short to be cut
62 Cum fulgrat, fulmnat, quis nn attntus pvescat? , , ()

18
 [sc. ];
63 Comts nullus umquam fulsit, quin strlttem inreret terris aut ,
infectnem. .
- pestis, contgum
- fmes, is
64 ris mttna (ut et hls) nblsam, vespertna srnam (),
tempestatem (sdum) nuntiat. .
LJ: Dae res (vidae, hmidae [midae]) Dant Dore suo siccas.
Caelum sDum sine Do, et sine nbe est.

OP Span
6 Nbs (~ OP VIII)
Ex qua sursum fertur (ascendit) vpor. Ex vpre fit nbs et prope () .
terram nbla. Ex nbe stillat gutttim plva et imber; quae .
conglata grando, smglata nix, clfacta rbgo dcitur. In ( )
plvsa nbe, sli oppsita, ris appret. In quam cdens gutta , ,
bullam fcit, multae bullae fciunt spmam. Ex qua conglata fit . .
glcs; rs conglatus prna dcitur. Ex sulphreo vpre fit
tnitru, quod e nbe rumpens cum fulgre tnat et fulmnat. .
.
(RG : For what its worth, I prefer the simplicity of the pristine
,
Comenius text. Note how he places the key noun vocabulary words
.
in the emphatic first and last positions of the sentence, intentionally
and for the purpose appropriately ignoring what we and subsequent , - vpor, ris
Comenius self-styled improvers regard as the more normal Latin , ; - nbs
word order. In my reprint of OP, these nouns are also emphasized by , - nbla
italics and initial caps: = (late ) - stillo
- qute
OP : Vpor ascendit ex qua. Inde Nbs fit et Nebula prope
, (); , - gutta
terram. Plvia et Imber stillat e Nbe, gutttim ; Quae glata
- plva (subst. from plvus, a, um)
Grando, sm-glata Nix, clfacta Rbgo est. In nbe plvsa,
- imber, imbris
oppsita Sli, ris appret. Gutta incdens in quam fcit Bullam,
- conglo
multae Bullae fciunt spmam. qua conglata Glcis, Ros
- grando, nis
cnglatus dcitur Prna. Tnitru fit ex Vpore sulphreo, quod
- smglo
rumpens e Nbe cum Fulgre tnat et fulminat.)
, - nix, nvis
On the subject of thunder and lightning in the last sentence, see - clfcio

19
 below in this Janua topic sentences 58-62. - rbgo / rbgo
, , - plvsus
- oppsitus sum
/, - ris/ris, idis
, - bulla
- spma
- glcs, i
, - rs, rris
, , - conglatus
- prna
, , ( = brimstone) - sulphreus
- exhlto
- tnitru = tnitrus, s
- rumpo
= - fulgur, ris (n.) = fulgor, ris (m.)
- tno
fulmno
(fulgur = is the lightning flash seen in the sky; fulmen, nis
[n.] = the lightning stroke or thunderbolt which descends
to earth and strikes terrestrial objects.)

OP Span
4 Aura (~ OP VI) []
Aura sprat lnter, ventus vro vlde. Prcella sternit arbores. , . ( ,
Turbo in gyrum s agit. Ventus subterrneus (aut quaecunque sit lia ) . .
causa) terrae mtum fcit, exctat. Terrae mtus runas pratur. ( ) ().
.
(OP : Aura sprat lnter. Ventus flat vlde.)
- aura
- spro
- lnter
- ventus
- vlde
, - prcella; synonyms: , ; ,
Appellat. from = (cf. ,
Typhon, the father of the Winds)
- prosterno

20
 - arbor, ris
- turbo, nis
; - circumago
, - ventus
- subterrneus
- causa
- terrae mtus
, - runa
- pror (pus)

VII De quis. .
65 E ltcibus sctentes (scturrientes) sliunt fontes, unde rvi mnant. , ().
, - ltex, cis
[]
66 1642: Ex his collguntur flvi, praecpe bi plres concurrunt, et , ,
dnque flmna igter intr rpas suas dcurrentia. ,
.
1665: Ex his collguntur flvi (flmina), praecpe bi plres
concurrunt, igter intr rpas suas dcurrentes, ns cum aggres - iunctra
quarum ruptnibus corcendis nn suffciunt. , - agger, ris
igis, e Lewis & Short: continual, especially of running water
67 Ast scbi prflvo et dcursu crent, tment, et in stagna atque , []
quam rsdem s diffundunt. (, ) .
, ;
, - lcus hmdus, lmus aquae exgae restagnantis et
herbae in eius sperfce apprentis, lcus caensus et
pluster, vdum, lcna
68 Pldes sunt sctrgnes (scturrgnes) sne fluxu. , .
, - fons, sctbra, qua sliens
, - scturrgo (sctrgo) ( Arist.)
69 Torrentes sunt quae plvles rpde dflentes, a quibus , ,
exundtnes et dlva. () .
() - torrens, qui imptse e monte aut praecpti
lco dcurrens terram excvat

21
 , prlves, dlvum mris terram obrentis;
inundto
70 quam bi flit flentem; bi gyratur gurgtem et vortcem; bi ,
sipsam absorbet vrgnem; bi expers fundi est brathrum dcito. [], () .
71 S illam nttu plaudis, infuscas; sed clram et qutam turbari, quid ;
rfert?
,
( - mud, dirt, esp. in water; also, ink of the cuttle-
fish)
72 Bulla fit a stillante gutta. .
73 Mre salsum est, ut mria stra. , .
LJ: MRa: salsgo mrna, cui similis MRtca cro. [NB:
Muriatic Acid is known as acidum salis.]
74 bi tellrem termnat [sc. mre], snus, prmontra, et isthmi sunt. , , , .
75 Undae eius ab intrno aestu sex hris flunt ad ltra [littra] ,
refluntque rciprce (alternant) cum sntu horrbli: maxme intr ,
frta atque ad charybdes. .
, - floodtide
() intentio, incrmentum, exaggrto
() rlaxto, rmisso
especially the straight separating Euboea from Boeotia
off of Libya
76 In brli plga cnus est glclis (hyperbrus). .

OP Span
5 qua (~ OP VII)
qua ex fonte sctet, vlde dflit in torrente, mnat in rvo, stat in (),
stagno, flit in flmne, in s convertitur et gyratur in vortce, et , , ,
fcit pldes. Flmen rpas hbet. Mre fcit ltra, snus, , ,
prmontra, inslas, pninslas, isthmos, frta, hbetque scplos. . . , ,
, , , , ,
.
[ and ] - qua
fons, fontis
[]; = - scteo

22
 - vlde
- dflo
, , contr. , , and shortened , ; as
substantive, - torrens
- mno
- rvus
- sto
- stagnum
- flo
- flmen, nis (n.)
- converto
/ - gyror
(smlter ) - vortex, vortcis
= - gyro
- plus, dis; lcus, s
- rpa
[] - mre
- ltus, ris (n.)
- snus, s
- prmontrum
- insla
(Attic for ) - pninsla
- isthmus
- frtum
- scplus

(RG: My reprint of the Orbis Pictus happens to be from an 1810

edition by W. Jones that is the twelfth edition of Charles Hooles
original 1658 English translation. Mr. Jones added a topic on The
Flood (Dlvum), which for completeness sake and some additional
Latin vocabulary I include here, though it wasnt translated into
Greek:
Dlvum nversle ttam terram inundat; Fontium ra rlaxantur;
Plva de Caelo dscendit; Altissimi Montes quis tguntur; Terra
ipsa et omne gnus nmlium corrumpitur. Noah salvus vdit in
Arca seu Nve fastgata. bique in Terris cernuntur Dlvi Signa et

23
 Rlquiae; Montes praerupti et Valles dcursu quarum exratae.
Ossa Piscium mrnorum et Conchae bique effdiuntur, etiam ex
altissimis Montibus in Rgnibus mdterrnis. Et Corpora
mrna drissimo Marmore inclusa rpriuntur.)

VIII De terra. .
77 Terrae sperfces lcb da est et lgnsa, lcb rda et ,
petrsa. , , () .
, - (h)mor; vapor
, () - frblis (friable, crumbling)
, [] - rrtas
78 Nnnullbi plna, seu plntes (aequor), lb montes, valles, , , , , ,
convalles, tmli, et dpressa lca, htus et antra conspiciuntur. , .
aequor, ris could refer to the plains or, more likely, the (calm,
L&S: = (, ), meeting of glens,
smooth) sea
meeting of the waters - convallis, is OLD: a deep, narrow,
LJ: VALLis (vel VALLes; VALLecula VALLicula) plntes inter
or enclosed valley, glen
duos montes dcurrens : ConVALLis undiqve montibus circumdata.
RG: ( ) correctly translates tmlus. I dont
see any geological meaning for (lump) in the text,
so I have dropped it. I have added as the obvious
counterpart to et antra. and left dpressa lca untranslated.
(ravines) and (clefts, chasms,
especially in a mountainside) are left as very loose
translations of dpressa lca (perhaps) and hts.
79 Colles et clvi ccmen versus euntibus acclves sunt, dclves retro. () ,
.
(= ) - tmlus, collis
80 Terrae mtus fit a subterrnis fltibus qui, s prrumpunt fras,
lbes funt. , .
81 Glbam s tris et frcas pulvus erit; s dlis et mcras, lbrcum , ,
ltum. .
(, )
[],

OP Span

24
7 Terra (~ OP X)
Sper terr sunt alti montes, prfundae valles, lvati colles, cvae , , ,
spluncae, plni campi, pcae silvae. , , .
; , , altus
, - mons, montis
, , - profundus
, vallis, is
- collis, is
- cvus
- splunca
- plnus
- campus
- pcus
[] - silva

OP Span
7 Terrae Foetus (~ OP XI) ( )
Prtum fert (gignit) grmen cum flribus et herbis, quae dsecta () ,
foenum funt. Arvum prfert frges et lera, in silvis nascuntur . ()
fungi, frga, myrtilli; sub terra nascuntur mtalla et lpdes, et vra , , ,
la. , , .
; foetus (ftus), s
, - prtum
, - fero, gigno
- grmen, inis (n.)
, - fls, flris
- herba
- dsco
- foenum (faenum, fnum) = hay. Dont confuse with
foenus/faenus/ fnus, ris (n.) = interest on money
, - arvum (n. subst. of arvus, a, um (ro, ))
RG: I try to distinguish between the standing corn, or crop, the grain
from that crop, and the food made from the grain. This is
what I get from the dictionaries:
+ is the grain. It usually translated by frmentum,

25
 which can mean (OLD) 1) the grain, but also 2) the standing
crop (usu. in pl.) 3) cereal plants as a class of produce
+ is fruit, usu. of the fruits of the earth, corn
(L&S), i.e., the standing crop. It usually translated by
fructs (pl. of fructus, s) or frgs (pl. of frux, frgis).
fructus is in general (OLD:) the (enjoyable or pleasurable)
yield of something specified or implied, e.g., income, crops
(and also specifically the fruit of a crop, i.e., its grain, as
opposed to the flower). frux is (OLD:) the edible produce of
trees, plants, etc., i.e., fruit (grain) or standing crops, and
also specifically the fruit of a crop, i.e., its grain, as opposed
to the flower, as well as the bread, meal made from the
grain
(There is a separate OP topic below on frutex, icis, meaning
1) shrub or bush 2) a shoot, stem, stalk, growth)
- lus (hlus), ris (n.)
- nascor
, (but forms such as nom. pl. and acc. pl. )
- fungus, i (fungus also equated with /
). fungus, mushroom
( L&S: strawberry-tree, Arbutus Unedo) -
frga (pl. only). strawberry tree, strawberries
- myrtillus. myrtillus is a medieval Latin diminutive of
myrtus / L&S: myrtle, Myrtus communis. myrtle
- (= augeo, cresco, but used here to translate nascor)
- mtallum. meant mine, quarry and only
later mineral, metal (the specific metals were used instead
copper, iron, silver, etc.). In Plato is a
collective for metals
, [] - lpis, dis (m.)
- vrus

IX De lpdbus. .
82 Lpis commntus rna est, quae s crassior fit, sblum et glra , ()
vcatur: rdus sunt asslae seu scmenta (fragmna) petrarum. () .
(; generally in pl.) - rdus, eris n. rubble

26

83 Saxa hmi icent (sve extant sve dltescunt): scpli et cautes , ,
frgsae et inaccessae mnent; crpdo prmnet. ,
.
RG: For simplicity sake, I changed the subjunctives in the text (sve
extent sve deltescant) to indicatives. - literally, lookout place (), hence promontory
RG: flood tide; rocky shore (L&S) seems to be an iffy
translation of cauts (OLD: rock, cliff, crag, reef), unless
taken as reef
, - rpes, is; scplus. In one of his epigrams
(Anthologia Graeca 11.390), Lucillius distinguishes
as a rock over which the sea dashes (an open enmity, he
tells his would-be lover, is better than a deceitful
friendship):

.
-,
84 Scrplus calco illapsus, nisi exmatur, urget mleste. , ,
.
, , adj. stony; as fem. Subst. =
85 Cte cimus obtsa; slce ldimus ignem: Ldo lpde mtalla []
prbamus. () .
, ,
co
= . jasper (Lydian stone, lydite, basanite)
86 Tphus, rnsus et scber, frblis est: pmex spongsus, exsus , , () ;
et bblus, ltini sve frictni subserviens. , , ,
.
( ) - tfus (tphus). RG: Theres nothing in
the L&S definitions of to make me think it is tufa or
limestone specifically, but the OLD lemma for prus (from
which indeed, via Old French, we get pore) says a kind of
stone, prob. tufa. tufa
)
[] - pmex, cis. pumice

27

bblus means both fond of drinking and, of things, absorbent,
porous; at least in L&S, only means fond of
drinking, so think drunken pumice
,
87 Alabastrts candidissimum marmor. , .
(sc. ), . L&S: calcareous (of type calcite)
alabaster. alabaster
88 Magnes, eique affrcta lingla pyxdis nautcae, Septentrni ,
drecte se obvertit: lcb tmen a Mrdno dviat, ad cardnem
occdum vel ortvum dflectens. [] [].
magnetic compass
89 Gemmarum prtssisima est carbunculus (pyrpus), scunda ab illa (),
dmas, tum eranus [?], post sapp(h)rus, smragdus, aspis, , , , (), ,
hycinthus, onyx, sardonyx, etc., qui anglati mcant et scintillant. , , .
Bezoar et lacrma (lacrma) cervna pestfrum vrus ac vnnsa . ,
dispellunt. .
vrus, i n. , L&S: charcoal (mostly in pl.); coal; II. a precious
stone of dark-red color, including the carbuncle, ruby, and
garnet. , () (fiery-eyed), from which the
substantive is, according to Pliny, a kind of red
bronze. These are used to translate carbunculus OLD: 1) a
live coal 2) tophus 3) a kind of precious stone. carbuncle,
red garnet
(sc. ) L&S: an Ethiopian stone. RG: I cant find a
trace of eranus, the Latin word in the Theodor Simon text,
but some later editions either translate as turquoise or even
make turquoise the Latin word (spelled, e.g. turcois).
Turquoise was important in Egyptian culture.
, ) L&S: a precious stone, probably emerald (from
leek-green). is also the name of
several green stones, including the emerald.
, L&S: jasper (see also , ) -
aspis, idis/idos OLD: the name of various kinds of
chalcedony, jasper. chalcedony

28
 L&S: topaz. topaz RG: Taken in order, this would
seem to be the translation of hycinthus, which is doubtful.
[] L&S: a precious stone of blue color (
is the flower hyacinth, bluebell)
hycinthus OLD: (besides the flower) a precious stone,
prob. sapphire
hyacinth is a name for the mineral zircon and jacinth, a red
transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone
, primary meaning claw, talon; meaning III.4 in L&S,
along with meaning II of is onyx. OLD has two
definitions of onyx, ychis, 1. a much-prized kind of marble,
prob. a stalagmitic limestone 2. a multi-colored gem, a
variety of quartz
, L&S: sardonyx. The stone was called when
the dark ground was simply spotted or streaked with white,
but if the different colors were disposed in layers.
Though, according to Wikipedia, sardonyx is a variant in
which the colored bands are sard (shades of red) rather than
black. (Of , L&S: the Sardian stone. This stone
was of two kinds, the transparent-red or female, being our
carnelian, the transparent-brown or male our sardine. See
here for the distinction.)
bezoar
RG: Deer tears? Im striking out. Anyone?
90 Haemtts, lectra, tts, bfnus, sarda, lazulus squores , , , , ,
sunt. .
scs, comparative squus (stus) [] L&S: haemitite, a red iron-ore. haemitite
lectrus, a, um (a Latin word from = , cock)
Plin. Nat. 37.144: lectras [sc. gemmas] vcant in
ventriculis gallncorum inventas crystallna spcie,
magntdne fbae, ( - alectoros lophos
is the plant yellow rattle)
[] - lpis tts (ae). eagle-stone (aetites)
L&S: IV. malachite ( [] = bf, nis -
frog). malachite. Check out what malachite can do for you!
Buy a malachite frog!

29
 sarda, ae OLD: the sard variety of carnelian (see on in
the preceding sentence. carnelian/sard
lapis lazuli
L&S: cheapen, dub. in Luc. Nigr.23 ( hold
cheap, buy cheaply). , easily paid for,
cheap. But squores in the Latin may just mean with
tonque-in-cheek of a different category.
91 Margrtae et nnes (qui granduscli sunt) in conchis rpriuntur. ,
Horum lnis luxrantes mlerculae ss incingunt, tum tam .
perfratis aurclis eosdem illgant.
, , () - 1) frangendi, commnendi vim hbens,
grandusclus a disputed reading in Terence; perhaps grandclus frangens, commnens 2) frglis, frblis 3)
metaphorically, prpensus ad dlctam vtam, dlctus,
mollis
92 Crallia sunt arbusculae mrnae rmusculi. [late Att. ]
.
93 Vitrum trlcens crystalli smltdnem habet, nn drtem: ,
scinditur smyrite. .
, - emery-powder. emery

OP Span
10 Lpdes (~ OP XIII)
rna et sblum lpis est contrtus. Lpis pars est petrae. Cs, ( ) .
slex, marmor sunt pci lpdes. Magns attrhit ferrum. Gemmae . , , .
(lpdes prtsi) sunt pellcdi lapli ut canddus dmas, rbus .
rubinus, caerla sapp(h)rus, vrdis smragdus, et mcant, s , , , ,
anglati sunt. Margrtae in conchis crescunt, crallia in mri spce , , .
arbuscularum. Scnum ad mre maxme in Borussia [Prussia] , ,
collgitur. Vitrum est smle crystallo. . ,
. .
(OP: rna et Sblum est Lapis commintus. Saxum est pars
Petrae (Cautis). Cauts, is is a rough sharp rock.) , [] - (h)rna, sblum (RG:
from the text is pebble. I replaced it with .)
[] - contro
[] - cs, ctis. Not a mineral type, but a particular use of a
variety of natural and synthetic stones, whetstone

30
, , - slex, slcis. Also applied to any hard rock or
stone, flint, lava, etc. can also mean rubble.flint,
Flintstone
- marmor, ris (n.). marble
- pcus
, (with or without , which as a feminine
usually refers to some special stone) - magns, magntis
(i.e., lpis [m.] Magns). magnet
- trho
[] - ferrum. iron
- prtisus. concept of precious stones
- lpillus
, - pellcdus
canddus
, - dmas, antis. diamond
- rber/rbus. RG: The English word ruby goes back to
the Latin word for red, but via medieval Latin and French.
rubinus / in the text seem to simply be the
Latinizing / Greekizing of this modern term. Im hard put to
find the ancient Greek or Roman word for ruby. Perhaps
(L&S) ; ; carbunculus. ruby
(contr. ) - caerlus
- sapp(h)rus. sapphire (the other gemstone, besides
ruby, from the mineral corundum. In antiquity,
probably referred to what we know as the lapis lazuli.)
- vrdis
- name of several green stones, including the emerald.
emerald
() - anglatus
, [] ( and - alone) -
margrta, ae and margrtum. pearl
- concha
- cresco
( ) - corallium (cralium). coral, esp. red
coral
- arbuscula

31
 (, ) - scnum (OLD: often in pl., smt. in
sense pieces of amber). amber
- collgo
() - vitrum. glass
( [] icy cold) - 1) ice 2) rock-crystal (clear
quartz)

X De mtallis. .
94 Mtalla de fdnis runtur (effdiuntur), e quibus quia lquescunt et ,
rursus consistunt (spissantur), vra conflantur. [].
In classical Latin, fdna is usually only in compounds, e.g.,
aurifdna
95 Aurum est perfectissimum, quia prissimum ac pondrsissimum, ,
praesertim obryzum. , .
,
, ( , weight) =
, , pure ( = Lat. obrussa essaying of gold)
96 Ctno immissum atque clbno vel cents rcoctum n hlum ,
quidem substantae (essentle) dperdit. .
Att. later
- catnus cup, bowl
( [] Att. for )
97 Argentum huic prxme accdit, cum prum ptum est; sed scrias , , , ,
hbet quae ambruntur. Exusto autem intertrmento, mundatum fit .
ductle.

98 Ferrum, ut ut drissimum, ferrgne arrditur; purgatum et ,
indratum liquts chalybs dcitur. , .
(A) arrow (B) poison, venom (C) rust on iron, verdigris on
copper and bronze
99 Aeri adhaeret aergo, ob vvdam vrdttem ad tinctras exptta. ,
.
(aergo f.)
100 rchalcum pervulgata surptne est cadma tinctum aes: fundi , , ,
slum ptest, nn tnari in lmellas, ob frblttem. .

32
 (sc. ) cadmia, calamine. cadmia
, - hammered ( , - mallet), wrought. Pollux:
wrought brass opposed to
cast brass (L&S: less correct for )

101 lectro stannum, et hoc plumbum mollius et vlius est. [],
.
(and , ) - an alloy of gold and silver (in a
different meaning it is a resin)
102 Argento vvo (hydrargyro) nhil mrblius: lqudum est, nec tmn ,
mdet. .
103 Nam, sve id sper liquid effundas, sve ei lquid immergas, sve .
aspergas, nhil mdescit.
104 Sl, lmen, vitriolum (chalcanthum), ntrum, sulphur, btmen , , , , , , ,
(asphaltts), naphtha, cinnbris, arsncum, stb (antimonium), , , , , , ,
chra, chrsocolla, (Cmla) crta, plumbg, rubrca, etc., sci , ( )
mtallci dcuntur: crussa et mnum dultrnum factca sunt; sc .
quque chrsocolla aurificum gltnum. .
(sc. ) ( [] contract, draw together) L&S:
name of any of a group of astringent substances containing
(a) alum, or (b) ferrous sulphate () - lmen, nis
(n.) OLD: one or other of a group of astringent substances,
including sulphates of aluminum, potash alum, etc., alum.
alum
(, ) L&S: solution of blue vitriol
(copper sulphate), used for ink and for shoemakers
blacking - chalcanthon (um), i (n.) OLD: = atramentum
sutorium RG: vitriolum in the text is probably late Latin
(sulfuric acid, copper sulfate)
L&S: sodium carbonate - ntrum OLD: a name given to
various alkalis, esp. soda and potash (but prob. seldom the
modern nitre). sodium carbonate
L&S: brimstone - sulfur (sulphur), uris (n.) OLD: sulfur,
brimstone. sulfur
, , fem. , L&S: bituminous - btmen , inis

33
 (n.) OLD: a generic name for various hydrocarbon mixtures
such as pitch and asphalt (for Asphaltts as the Dead Sea,
OLD cites Pliny NH: nihil in Asphaltt Iudaeae lacu, qui
btmen gignit, mergi potest). asphalt/bitumen
- naptha, ae (also napths, ae) OLD: an inflammable
mineral oil, naphtha. naphtha
[] - L&S: cinnabar, bisulphuret of mercury, whence
vermilion is obtained - cinnbris, is OLD: a red pigment,
dragons blood, prob. a resin obtained from the tree
Pterocarpus draco or sim. cinnabar as a metal, dragons
blood as a plant resin
(; from / male) L&S: yellow
orpiment arr(h)ncum (also arsncum) OLD: yellow
arsenic, orpiment. orpiment (the etymology of the name is
aurum + pigmentum)
(or ), or or L&S: powdered antimony,
used for eye-paint stb, is (n.) (also stbum). antimony
- chra. yellow ochre
- chrsocolla. malachite
(sc. ) ( an island in the Cyclades) L&S:
Cimolian earth, like fullers earth, used in baths and
barbers shops and in medicine - crta, a general word for
clay or chalk used in a wide variety of applications (Pliny
NH. 35.195: Crtae plra gnra. ex iis Cmolae duo ad
mdcos pertnentia ). Cimolian earth
L&S: a piece of lead, used in various applications -
plumbg OLD: lead ore
= (sc. ; red earth, red ochre,
ruddle) L&S: a red earth found in Cappadocia, imported
into Greece from Sinope (a town on the Black Sea) - rubrca
OLD: red ochre, used as a pigment and in medicine,
agriculture, etc. (a second meaning is as a chapter-heading
in a book of law, painted red, hence our rubric)
L&S: plant and animal juices, flavors; ()
dug out, quarried - scus, i (and succus) mostly plant and
animal juices but also applied to inorganic things

34
 ( ) L&S: white lead, used as a pigment, esp. to
whiten the skin of the face - crussa OLD: carbonate of
lead, white lead. white lead, cerussite
, L&S: a bright red color, also called ;
obtained by heating (= cerussa) - mnum OLD: a
substance yielding a bright red pigment, properly cinnabar,
or the pigment itself. red lead

OP Span
9 Mtalla (~ OP XII)
Plumbum molle est et grve. Ferrum drum est, drior vro . ,
Chlybs. Artfces fciunt ex stanno canthros, ex aere nea, ex .
rchalco candlbra, ex argento unciales (argenteos), ex auro , ,
(ducatos) aureos. Argentum vvum semper lquet et consmit , , (sc.
(dvrat, drdit) mtalla. ). ,
() .
- plumbum. lead
- mollis
, , - grvis, e
- ferrum. iron
drus
, - In pl. the Chalybes in Pontus, famous as
, hence is an appelation for
steel. steel, smelting
, - artfex, fcis
[] - stannum. tin
L&S: I. dung-beetle, Scarabaeus pitularius II. a sort of
drinking-cup with large handles
copper - aes, aeris (n.) copper, bronze, brass. RG: I
substituted aes for cuprum, which is late Latin (deriving
from the island of Cprus). copper
(Epic form ) - ()nus
L&S: Lat. orichalcum, mountain-copper, i.e., yellow
copper ore, copper or brass made from it - rchalcum.
orichalcum
(also ) - candlbrum

35
 - argentum. silver
- aurum. gold
- argentum vvum. quicksilver (mercury)
- fldus, lqudus
() - consmo, dvro, drdit (only attested
in past participle drsus)

XI De arbribus et fructibus. , .
105 Planta fbris rdcum (h)mrem imbbens lescit, vget, frondescit , ,
et flret. , .
, , [] () - rbur, vs; nervus; fibra
, - (h)mor; vpor
106 Eo desttuta languet, flaccescit, marcescit, rescit lco [illco]. , , ,
.
- ftgo, dftgor
- marcescere fcio, flaccdum reddo (originally of fire)
ptrfco
- rdus, siccus
107 Fastgum est vertex seu ccmen: stirps dcitur, qutnus s in ,
rmos et frondes pandit. .
108 His dfectis, trunci et caudcis et stptis nmen habet. Terms est ()
rmusculus cum fructibus dcerptus sve rvulsus: rmle autem ab ,
arbre riectus. .
terms, tis , [] () - terms
- ndus arbris, rmus ( = hmo bellcsus)
109 Extrinscus cortex: intrinscus lber est: qui dum vret, glbi potest: , ,
mdulla est intma. .
110 Arbribus flia dlbuntur et crescunt, praeterquam gummosis, , ,
quae contnu (usque et usque) vernant, ut buxus, taxus (smlax), , , .
etc.
L&S: box, Buxus sempervirens - buxus (um). box
wwwww wwwww wwwwww wwww
(boxwood, buxus)
(Att. ), = , , yew, Taxus baccata
taxus (smlax, acis OLD: an evergreen climbing plant,
Smilax aspera; also, a similar-looking climber, bind-weed,

36
 or convolvulus. rough bindweed). yew
111 Pmus (mlum), prus, crsus, prnus, lva (la) arbres sunt , (), , , ,
stvae; fraxinus, fgus, alnus, ornus (fraxinus), silvestres. , , , , .
(later spelled ) and [] are both Pyrus
communis in L&S. European pear
112 Illae fructfrae: harum plraque strles; ut, betulla, ppulus alba, , , , , ,
ppulus nigra. , .
L&S: white poplar, Populus alba. white poplar
L&S: black poplar, Populus nigra. black poplar
113 Quaedam exbrante flios et frondos luxrie umbrferae sunt, , , , ,
vrecta quibus innascuntur, pcantes; nmntim: tlia, pltnus, , , , [].
ulmus, et ctrae ltifliae.
, - lcus; nmus, ris [n.]; saltus, s
(later form ) L&S: plane, Platanus
orientalis. oriental plane
L&S: elm, ulmus glabra - ulmus. elm and Wych (Scots)
elm
114 Slix dat vmina, quorum contextu corbes et crtes funt. , ()
, .
, [] L&S: = , , agnus castus, Vitex Agnus-castus,
withy: in pl., its twigs or withes - vmen, nis (n.). withy (see
also vitex)
, (dim. ) - corbis, is
(Att. ) - crtis, is
115 bis prcra est, ut et pcea, lrix, cupressus, cdrus. , , , , , .
RG: bis = , cupressus = , and cdrus = /
, that is clear. But here seems to be some confusion here
in the translation for pcea and lrix, so Ill just give the relevant
data and leave it alone.
L&S: , [] is pine, esp. Pinus Laricio, Corsican pine, so
is / pnus
OLD: pcea is spruce, prob. Picea abies. spruce and European
spruce
OLD: lrix, icis is a loan-wd., perh. Gallic, meaning larch-tree,

37
 though Lewis & Short related it to , , which
L&S defines as larch, Larix europaea. European larch

L&S: cedar-tree; Syrian cedar, Iuniperus

excelsa - cdrus (OLD: cedar or juniper). cedar; Syrian
cedar is perhaps what is today called Lebanon cedar; Greek
juniper
116 Palma, s curvatur, eo vldius in sublme ntitur.
.
sublmis, e
117 Gemma hans (dhiscens) flrem, in quo pex (stmen), sed in fco , , , ,
grossulum, prtrdit. Fls fructum; qui bi poste mtrescit, ;
carpitur aut dctitur aut per se dcdit frcescens. .
grossus, i (hence grossulus) - OLD: an immature or abortive fig. / gemma - an eye or bud of a plant
RG: This bizarre little insertion about the fig comes from (and ) can mean flower, as here, but often the
Columella 5.10.10: At si voles fcum quamvs non ntra choicest, the flower of its kind, praestantissimum quodque
sram facere, grossulos, prioremve fructum, dctito (If, in omni re
on the other hand, you wish to make a fig tree bare late stmen and are used here for the flowers stamen, but most
fruit, which it does not naturally do, shake down the unripe often mean thread, as in weaving
or early fruit). You wouldnt really expect to find an exact stmen = , = warp
equivalent of this in Greek, and the translator simply trma = subtmen = = woof/weft
employs , a wild fig. RG: I replaced in the text, which L&S only finds once,
frcesco < frcs/flcs f. pl. - OLD: pulp left after pressing olives and only as a dubious reading, with ().
(opp. to the watery residue murca)
118 Quidam sunt praecces, lii srtini (cordi), quidam perennes, ut , , ,
inprus: duntur autem vel rcentes, vel viti, vel frcidi. ;
Asservantur in oprothca et oprophylacio. .
praecox, ccis (also praecquis, e, and praecquus, a, um) < NB: is aor. 2 for present
praecquo RG: (; relaxed, palsied) is a clever choice for vitus
(shrivelled); see poem 5.54/55 in the Anthologia Palatina
cited by L&S:
A more obvious choice would have been or as
well as indeed .
(sts. ) the part of the year between the rising of
Sirius and of Arcturus (last days of July, all of August, part
of Sept.); fruit

38
119 Crsa oblongis petilis pendent: aprnina breviusculis. ,
().
Plin. Nat. 15.102: crsorum Aprnina maxime rbent (i.e., of
Aprnius, a Roman gentile name). Cf. also Nat. 23.27: Est
ergo et ngra [vts], quam proprie bryniam vcant, lii
Chironiam, lii gynaecanthem aut aprniam black bryony,
Tamus communis. black bryony (the fruit is a bright red
berry)
120 Mespla sunt lnginsa: pyra sclenta: prna damascna, , [] ,
armeniaca, persica, cerina, nana, silvestria ossiculata sunt. , , , , , .
silvestria as opposed to satva (cultivated) (from the tree ) - medlar from the medlar-
tree, Mespilus germanica. medlar
- lngo
milky juice drawn from a plant
prna damascna. damson
{
L&S: sloe, Prunus spinosa. blackthorn (sloe)
L&S: apricot, Prunus Armeniaca. apricot
}
{
RG: I dont know what the following are. As a guess, they may
derive from waxy and dwarf. One French translation of the Janua
suggests one or the other may be the mirabelle (parfois recouverte
dune mince couche cireuse l'expression prune de mirabel est
atteste, en 1649, chez Comenius, ensuite le terme est mentionn au
sens de petite prune ).


}
121 Ptmen mveat, et ncem, s cassa nn est, ncfrangbulo frangat
oportet, qui nucleum esse vult: sve sit iuglans, sve Avellna (quam , , (
fert corylus), sve tribulus, sve mygdlum. ), , .
do, esse - to eat ,
corylus, i f. - hazel-tree (OLD: not a Greek word; cognate with AS L&S: water-chesnut, Trapa natans ( in
haesel) Thphr.) - tribolus (tribulus) OLD: a spiny plant, caltrop,
Tribulus terrestris, and prob. also Fagonia cretica and

39
 Trapa natans. water caltrop (water chestnut)
. almond
122 Sber et lex glandes, quercus etiam gallas, castnea castneas , ,
echnatis perculis convestitas, pnus stroblos, cornus corna, laurus, , ,
cer, et sorbus baccas ferunt. , , , , .
OLD: echnus inter alia, the prickly pericarp of a chestnut , ( = cork-oak, Quercus Suber) and
in L&S are holm-oak, Quercus Ilex - sber, eris (n.)
OLD: cork-oak, Quercus suber, and its thick spongy outer
bark; lex, icis OLD: holm-oak and the wood of the ilex and
its fruit, acorns. cork oak, holm oak
, - barba
= L&S: cornelian cherry, Cornus mas;
= fruit of the - cornus, i and s
OLD: cornel-tree or cornelian cherry, Cornus mas; cornum,i
cornel-berry. cornelian cherry
= L&S: Olympian maple, Acer
monspessulanum cer, ris (n.) OLD: (related
etymologically to ) the maple and wood of the
maple. Montpellier maple
L&S: service-tree, Sorbus domestica; its fruit can also be or
- sorbus (soru-) OLD: service-tree, Sorbus
domestica and sorbum (soruum) its fruit, the sorb. service
tree
123 Sorba, siliquae, et Cydnia (cotnea), aurantia, citrea, lmnia, et , , , , , ,
mla pnica (mla grnta) stpant (adstringunt, opplant); fcus, () , , , ,
frga, mra (mra mri), mra rbi, mra rbi daei, mra myrti . .
(myrta) et myrtilli (vaccnia) laxant lubricantque. Ltos dgustata
(little horn) from the carob seed as a unit of weight =
oblvionem indcit.
carat, 1/1728th of a pound; = Latin siliqua - siliqua OLD: 1.
a pod 2. usu. siliqua Graeca, also Syriaca carob-tree or its
fruit. carob
quince tree, Pyrus Cydonia, quince.
quince
L&S: citron, Citrus medica. citron (RG: I dont see
any source for aurantia, though citron yellow is a defined
color)

40
 = L&S: citron-tree, Citrus Medica (borrowed
from Lat. citrea); = fruit of the -
citrea OLD: citrus tree, and citreus, a, um / mlum citreum.
citrus
lmnia - RG: Not sure what these are. From an historical and
etymological point-of-view it may not be our obvious guess,
the lemon that makes our lemonade, though whatever he
meant by it, lemon is Anchorans 1631 English translation.
It may be the kind of wild beet Lewis & Short asserts for
lmonium, citing Pliny 20.28 Est et beta silvestris quam
limonium vocant huius folia os adstringunt.
(Ion. and Ep. , later ) L&S: pomegranate-tree
Punica Granatum, and the fruit pomegranate - mlum
grntum (containing many seeds) (Col. 12.42.1 mla
dulcia grnta quae Pnica vocantur). pomegranate
L&S: strawberry-tree, Arbutus Unedo - frga, orum wild
strawberries. strawberry
mora mori are black mulberries or blackberries (morum, i) from the
black mulberry tree (morus, i); mora rbi blackberries from
the bramble (rbus, i); mora rbi daei are European red
rasberries; myrta myrti myrtle berries (myrtum, i
) from the myrtle-tree (myrtus, i); mora myrtilli =
vaccnia are whortleberries (vaccnium: OLD: definition b.
a plant yielding a purple dye, prob. a whortleberry
(Vaccinium myrtillus or V. uliginosum) or its fruit. European
blueberry (whortleberry)
= L&S: mulberry-tree, fruit of
the
L&S: bramble, Rubus ulmifolius, fruit of the
, blackberry
L&S: raspberry, Rubus Idaeus
124 Ths (ts), myrr(h)a (murra), mastich, camphora, sarcocolla, rsna , (= ), , , ,
pituina, terebinthina rsna, pix gummi sunt arbrum certarum, quin , , , ,
et scinum (lectrum, glaesum) ut ferunt. [] , .
L&S: frankincense, the gum of the tree
(L&S: frankincense-tree, Boswellia Carterii) - ts, tris (n.)

41
 OLD: frankincense or olibanum, the aromatic gum of the
genus Boswellia. frankincense
= = L&S: myrrh, the gum of an Arabian
tree Balsamodendron Myrrha - myrrha OLD: myrrh, and the
tree from which myrrh is obtained, Commiphora schimperi.
myrrh
L&S: mastich, obtained from mastich, Pistacia
Lentiscus, or from pine-thistle, Atractylis gummifera
- mastich, s. mastic
camphor comes from Fr. camphre, itself from medieval Latin
camfora, from Arabic and Sanskrit
L&S: a Persian gum, Astragalus fasciculifolius - of
the genus Astragalus, perhaps the tragacanth
L&S: pine-resin; (with alternative -
forms and -) L&S: terebinth, Pistacia Terebinthus -
terebinthus (os) and adjective terebinthinus, a, um. pine
resin, terebinth (turpentine)
- pix, picis. pitch
- cummi (comm-, gumm-) - gum in general as a viscid
secretion from trees, and perhaps also specifically from the
gum arabic tree
(and , ) L&S: amber (in a different
meaning it is an alloy of gold and silver) - scinum and
lectrum and glaesum (glsum and, acc. to Lewis & Short,
glessum). amber

OP Span
11 Arbor (~ OP XIV)
Ex smine crescit planta, planta fit frtex, frtex arbor. Arbor rdce , ,
sustentatur. Ex rdce surgit stirps ; stirps in rmos et frondes . .
extenditur, ex quibus flia nascuntur. In summo cacmen est. , ,
Truncus rdci adhaeret. Caudex est dsectus stps sine rmis, et . .
habet corticem, lbrum et medullam. Viscus rmis adnascitur, qui . ,
etiam gummi, rsnam, picem et lios lqures exsdant. , , , .
(), , ,
.

42
 - smen, inis (n.)
- planta
- frtex, icis
- arbor, ris
- rdix, cis
- sustentor
- stirps (also stirpes, stirpis), stirpis
- surgo
- rmus
- frons, frondis (Dont confuse with frons, frontis)
- extendo, dvdo
- flum
- gigno
- cacmen, inis (n.)
, - truncus
- adjaceo
(from to shear; is the trunk of a tree with the
boughs lopped off) truncus, caudex (older form for cdex,
cdicis), stps, itis
- ampto
- cortex, icis
, - lber, bri
( always in Homer, always in Att. and in derived
words) - mdulla
- viscus, i and viscum, i (Dont confuse with viscus, eris)
() - adnascor
- gummi
- rsna
- pix, pcis
- exsdo (RG: in the text not in L&S, though
Pinzgers nineteenth-century Lat2Grk dictionary translates
exsdo as , so somebody must have thought it a
legitimate word)

OP Span
12 Fructs arbrum (~ OP XV)

43
Fructs a fructiferis arbribus dcerpuntur. Mlum est rtundum, .
prum et fcus oblonga; crsus longo petilo pendet, prnum et ,
persicum breviori; mrum brevissimo. Nux jglans, (nux) Avellna, ,
et cstnea est cortce tecta (cortice invlta). Strles arbres sunt , . ,
bis, alnus, betulla, cupressus, fgus, fraxinus, tla, slix, etc. Sed
plraeque sunt umbriferae. Inprus vro et laurus baccas ferunt, ( ). , ,
pnus stroblos, quercus glandes et gallas. , , , , , , .
. ,
, .
- fructus, s
- fructifer
- dcerpo
- mlum. apple
- rtundus
- prum. pear
( , contracted from , is the tree) - fcus, i and
s. fig
- oblongus
(fruit of ) - crsus (also um). cherry
- longus
For petilus the text has , which must be a mistake for either
or ; I (RG) opt for the latter, based on the
citation in L&S from Dioscorides,
leaf-stalk, petiole - pecilus / petilus (OLD: a misspelling
from pediculus). petiole
- pendeo
- prnum. plum
/ - persicum. peach
, , - brevis
- mrum. black mulberry and blackberry.
(generically, any kind of nut) - nux jglans (jglans =
Iovis glans; cf. chestnut). L&S: walnut is
prop. . walnut
- avellna (nux Avellna/Abellna; Avella/Abella
[Gr. ] is a town in Campania). hazelnut (filbert)
, , chestnut-tree;

44
 sweet chestnuts - cstnea OLD: chestnut-tree and chestnut.
chestnut
- cortex, tcis
- tgo
, (these are the entries in L&S, not the
of the text) - involvo
- strlis, e
L&S: silver fir, Abies cephalonica - bis, tis OLD: silver
fir, prob. abies pectinata. silver fir
L&S: alder, Alnus glutinosa - alnus. alder
L&S: Judas-tree, Cercis Siliquastrum - betulla (a Gallic
word spelled thus in OLD). birch (the Judas-tree doesnt
seem related)
, cypress, Cupressus sempervirens L&S: -
cupressus. Mediterranean cypress
L&S: = , Valonia oak, Quercus Aegilops - fgus.
beech
L&S: manna ash, Fraxinus Ornus - fraxinus. ash (fraxinus),
manna ash
, L&S: the of the text prob. = ; willow - slix,
cis. willow
[] L&S: lime tree, Tilia platyphyllos - tla. lime-tree
(linden) (not closely related to the lime fruit)
- umbrifer
L&S: juniper, Iuniperus macrocarpa inprus.
juniper
L&S: sweet bay, Laurus nobilis - laurus. bay laurel
(pl. only in L&S) - bacca
[Generally before vowels, before consonants, with
exceptions] - genero, fero
L&S: pine, esp. Pinus Laricio, Corsican pine - pnus, i and
s. pine
L&S: among other meanings, later for pine-
cone - stroblus. pine-cone
, ( can be or ) L&S: originally for tree, then specific
trees such as Quercus Aegilops ( see above) and

45
 Quercus Ilex (holm oak, ) - quercus. oak
[] - glans, glandis. acorn (oak nut)
, L&S: I. ooze, of fat or juices drawn forth from fire II.
oak-gall - galla. oak-gall (gall-nut, oak-apple)

XII De herbis, tam hortensibus, quam silvestribus (errticis) .

125 Herba excrescens cauli vel scpo inntitur. .
126 Rpum, npus, sser, raphanus maior, raphanus minor, pastinca, , , , , ,
brassica (cramb), lactca, asparagus, scolymus (carduus altilis), , , , , , ,
apium, nasturtium, intybus satvus, spinachium (spinacia), bulbus , , , , .
dlis, portulca, atriplex lra (luscula) vcantur.
, L&S: french turnip, Brassica Napus - npus OLD:
etymologically, an adaptation of Att. for =
mustard; turnip, navew. rapeseed (rape)
RG: See OP lera below for my subsitution of and
for and in the text
L&S: stone sperage, Asparagus acutifolius -
asparagus. asparagus, wild asparagus
L&S: golden thistle, Scolymus hispanicus - scolymus.
Spanish oyster thistle (carduus - thistle)
apium - OLD: the name given to a number of species of plants, esp.
celery (= , see OP lera below)
L&S: nose-smart, Lepidium sativum -
nasturicum/nasturtium OLD: a kind of cress, prob.
Lepidium sativum. garden cress
, L&S: endive or chicory - intubum (-tib-), i and us, i.
endive
Spinach and the English word spinach were apparantly introduced
to England and France in the 14th century. Later, it was the
key to Popeyes virility.
purse-tassels, Muscari comosum (among many other
identifications) - bulbus OLD: an edible bulb, esp. an onion.
tassel hyacinth
L&S: purslane, Portulaca oleracea - portulca.
common purslane
, [] L&S: orach, Atriplex rosea - atriplex, icis.
atriplex (orach)

46
127 Frges sunt, quae in culmum (clmum) surgunt et spcas (sve , ,
ristatas sve mtcas) ferunt: glmis autem grnum fvent, ristis , , ,
praemniunt, ut oryza, za (dr, fr), mlum, pncum, frmentum , , , .
Saracnicum, frmentum Indicum.
L&S: rice, Oryza sativa, both the plant and the grain -
oryza. rice
usu. in pl. ( ) L&S: one-seeded wheat, Triticum
monococcum - zea/za OLD: Emmer wheat, Triticum
dicoccum. einkorn wheat (monococcum), emmer wheat
(dicoccum)
dr, dris and dris OLD: a kind of course grain, emmer wheat
fr, farris (n.) OLD: a kind of husked wheat, triticum dicoccum or
emmer, and the grain of this plant
[] L&S: hedge-mustard, Sisymbrium polyceratium.
hedge mustard
128 Lgmina vro slquis et valvulis implexa sunt: ut in fba, pso, , , ,
ervo, ccre, lpnis, vca, lente, phasolis (smlcibus) vdere est. , , , , .
L&S: bitter vetch, Vicia Ervillia - ervum OLD: a kind of
cultivated vetch, Vicia (Ervum) ervilia, or its seeds. bitter
vetch
lpnum (us, i) OLD: the lupin, esp. Lupinus albus, and the seed of
the lupin. white lupin
(= ) L&S: a kind of bean, calavance, Vigna
sinensis - phaslus (os). cowpea
129 Sed qu fit ut trtcum (slg) in scle, immo in zzna (aeram) et , ,
llum; hordum in aegilpem, vna in vnam ftam dgnret? ;
L&S: mostly in pl. = ; scle, is OLD: a kind of
cereal, rye
L&S: a weed that grows in wheat, = , prob.
darnel, Llium tmlentum - zzna, rum; llum OLD: a
grass found as a weed in corn, darnel. darnel
L&S: =
130 Farrg et lcastrum pcris causa sritur. () .
() L&S: grass, green fodder
L&S: the first green shoot of plants in spring, and related

47
 meanings
farrg, inis. farrago
lcastrum (hal-) (lca, ae = , L&S: groats of rice-wheat
()) OLD: an early-ripening variety of emmer
131 Bulbosa (bulbis turgidula) sunt: lium, cpa, colchium, porrum, , , , , ,
scilla (squilla), hyacinthus, martagum. , , .
L&S: meadow saffron, Colchicum speciosum. autumn
crocus (RG: this doesnt look bulbous to me)
L&S: leek, Allium Porrum - porrum (us, i). wild leek
L&S: squill, Urginea maritima - scilla OLD: the bulbous
seaside plant squill (Urginea maritima). squill (sea squill,
sea onion)
; , - hyacinthus. hyacinth
The word martagon seems to derive from a medieval Latin word
formed from a Turkish word. martagon (Turks cap lily)
132 rmata sunt: pper, zingiberi, zedoaria (zadura), cinnammum (), , , ,
(cassia), nux myristica, macir, caryophyllon, crum, coriandrum, , , , (
cubebae, ansum (ansum), ant(h)um, cumnum, snpi. ), , , , (),
, ().
() L&S: pepper, Piper nigrum - pper, ris (n.). black
pepper
, , ( ) L&S: an Arabian spice plant, prob.
ginger - zingiberi, is (n.). ginger
zedoary - a spice introduced to Europe around the sixth century
L&S: a superior kind of cassia, Cinnamomum
Cassia - cinnammum. Chinese cinnamon
(fragrant nut, [] unguent), nux
myristica. nutmeg, a spice from the evergreen tree Myristica
fragrans
() L&S: muttee-pal, the fragrant resin (known as
muttee-pal in India) of Ailanthus malabarica. macis
L&S: yellow flag, Iris Pseudacorus ( ,
sweet flag, in Polybius 5.45.10) - crum (on) OLD: sweet
flag or yellow flag. sweet flag, yellow flag
( is a gloss in Hysch.) L&S: coriander,

48
 Coriandrum sativum - coriandrum. coriander
L&S: an aromatic plant, Valeriana Dioscoridis.
valerians. cubebae is the cubeb (le cubbe)
or ( ) L&S: anise, Pimpinella Anisum
- ansum (ansum). anise
or L&S: dill, Anethum graveolens. dill
[] L&S: cumin (RG: the Latin text has cumnum
(carum), but I have dropped carum on the grounds that
cumin is sometimes (wrongly) confused with caraway
(carum carvi).)
() L&S: mustard, Sinapis alba. white mustard
133 drferae et crnariae, e quibus crollas, serta et servias vent ac (), , ,
plectunt, sunt: mrantus, caryphyllus, digitlis, rsmrnus, , ,
tulipae, llia, viola purpurea, prmula vris (verbasculum). , , , , ,
, , , .
dim. of , ()
(subst. from , , never fading)
amarantus. amaranth
RG: In the following, digitalis and both seem appropriate to
the classification in this sentence, though not the same
flower. In one edition, the Greek translation adds
parenthetically to , in another as a comma-delimited
separate flower. In neither case do I understand its inclusion
( , L&S: plantain, Plantago crassifolia), so I
have removed it.
digitalis (foxglove)
, L&S: rose campion, Lychnis coronaria. rose campion
L&S: Madonna lily, Lilium candidum. Madonna lily
RG: The translator adds the adjective , perhaps
unnecessarily, since by itself, in L&S, means violet,
Viola odorata - viola OLD: the name given to several spring
flowers, including viola purpurea (the sweet violet, Viola
odorata). In fact, Ive added purpurea to the Latin text.
sweet violet
RG: I am not sure if this is a separate flower or another
adjective or type of .

49
 L&S: gilliflower, Matthiola incana. stock
, L&S: mullein, Verbascum sinuatum - verbascum OLD:
any of various kinds of the plant mullein, Verbascum
sinuatum. The translator probably had Pliny Nat. 25.28 in
mind: verbascum, cuius fls similis auro est. mullein
134 Grmini aggregantur muscus, crex, polygnum, trflium, cytsus, , , , ,
plantg, mlflum, convolvulus (smlax), conslda, rc (rca), , , , ,
ruscus (ruscum), polygonaton, polygala, caltha, sonchus: et , , , , ,
qutles, alga (ulva) ac lens plustris. : , .
muscus OLD: moss or any similar growth. RG: doesnt
seem to be a good translation (was there a false etymology
here? OLD relates muscus to OHG mos and English moss);
Schrevelius and Pinzger translate muscus as ,
, and , but based on their dictionary
definitions in L&S, they dont seem to be better choices.
crex, icis OLD: reed-grass or sedge. For some reason, not in the
Greek translation. The 1820 translation doesnt translate this
word, the 1802 translates as , , different types of
sorrel
[] L&S: knot-grass, Polygonum aviculare. common
knotgrass
[] L&S: clover, Trifolium fragiferum. strawberry
clover
, [] L&S: tree-medick, Medicago arborea. tree medick
L&S: plaintain, Plantago major - plantg, inis
OLD: a plant of the genus Plantago, esp. the greater
plaintain, Plantago major. greater plaintain
L&S: soldier; II. water-lettuce, Pistia Stratiotes;
( =
) L&S: Achillea Millefolium, yarrow or milfoil -
mlflum, i; millflum; mlfla, ae OLD: a. a marsh
plant, perh. water-milfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum, etc. b.
yarrow, Achillea millefolium and its allies. water cabbage,
Eurasian watermilfoil, yarrow
( Att. ivy, Hedera helix) L&S: =
, Att. for in its meaning great bindweed,

50
 Convolvulus sepium (cf. rough bindweed,
Smilax aspera). larger bindweed (cf. rough bindweed)
L&S: comfrey, Symphytum bulbosum - conslda
Lewis & Short: a plant, also called conferva, black briony,
comfrey: Symphytum officinale. comfrey, bulbous comfrey
L&S: heath, Erica arborea - rc, s and rca, ae. tree
heath
= L&S: butchers broom, Ruscus
aculeatus - ruscus (um) (also rustum) OLD: butchers
broom, Ruscus aculeatus. butchers broom
L&S: sealwort, Polygonatum multiflorum -
polygonaton, i OLD: a. a kind of thistle (= leucacantha) b.
knotgrass, Polygonum aviculare (see polygonum above).
Solomons seal
[] L&S: milkwort, Polygala venulosa. milkwort
calt(h)a, ae OLD: (perh.) the marigold, Calendula officinalis. RG:
OLD also says [Gk.], but I do not find in L&S. On
caltha Lewis & Short says cf. Gr. , which I also
do not find in L&S. pot marigold
() L&S: sow-thistle, Sonchus aspera sonc(h)us (-
os) OLD: a lettuce-like plant, sow-thistle, Sonchus. sow
thistle
, L&S: seaweed, wrack - alga, ae OLD: seaweed (ulva,
ae OLD: a collective term for various grass-like or rush-like
aquatic plants, sedges, etc.). seaweed
- lens plustris. This will be some kind of
duckweed
135 cntum, ccta, npellus vnnata sunt deque rdcitus , , ,
runcanda. .
runcare is legitimate. Columella 2.10.28: omnis alterius generis L&S: leopards bane, Aconitum Anthora - cntum
herbas runcato. OLD: a plant of the genus Aconitum, aconite. leopards bane
L&S: hemlock, Conium maculatum - ccta. hemlock
See sentence 126, where npus turnip, navew, rape was
translated by = Brassica Napus. npellus, which is
not in OLD or Lewis & Short, would seem to be the dim. of
npus (the specific name, Napellus, signifies a little turnip,

51
 in allusion to the shape of the roots according to
botanical.com) and be Aconitum napellus (monkshood) (see
also Aconit napel), which contains poisonous compounds.
136 Sed ppvris cpitulum vulnratum distillat pium, quod vim habet .
sprandi et stpfaciendi.
ppver, ris (n.) poppy OLD: the species Papaver somniferum is
prob. referred to in most cases. opium poppy.
means head in general as well as the head of plants and the
poppy capsule specifically (L&S)
is in general the vegetative, milky juice drawn from a plant
by tapping it; the dim. is poppy-juice, opium
specifically - opium. opium (lachryma papaveris)

137 Mdcnales herbae: tam hortenses, quam campestres. .
137.1 The 1642 edition appended to sentence #137 a more exhaustive The 1642 edition appended to sentence #137 a more exhaustive
pharmacopoeia than found in the original Janua: pharmacopoeia than found in the original Janua:
Cephalicae. .
Cldae et Siccae. .
Betonica, , ...
Frgdae et hmdae. .
Flores nymphaeae
...
Ophthalmicae.
Faeniculum
.
Thoracicae tam Anacatharticae quam Bechicae. ...
Cldae : , , .
Frgdae:
Cardiacae.
Calidae: .
Frgdae:
Stomachicae Pepticae. ,
Cldae : .
Frgdae:
Hepaticae.
Cldae : .
Spleneticae.
Cldae : .

52
 Scorbuticae.
Nasturtium aquaticum, .
Nephriticae et Cysticae. ,
Cldae : .
Frgdae:
Uterinae (Hystericae).
Cldae : .
Frgdae:
Attractivae.
Ranunculus, .
Repellentes. ,
Tribulus aquaticus, .
Astringentes. ,
Bursa pastoris, .
Laxantes. ,
Atriplex, .
Obstructiones tollentes. ,
Tanactum, .
Dolrem sdantes. ,
Verbascum, .
Somnum conciliantes. ,
Hyoscyamus, .
Vulnerariae. ,
Pilosella (auricula mris), .
Smen generantes. ,
Satyrium, .
Indrantes. ,
Lenticula palustris, .
Emollientes. ,
Senecio, .
Rarefacientes. ,
Foenum graecum (silicia, buceras), .
Incrassantes. ,
Amarantus,

53
 Vscantes (vscatoriae). .
Hydro-piper, etc. ,
rnam cientes. .
Pepones, .
Menses moventes. .
Neptha, ,
Secundinas et foetum mortuum pellentes. .
Thlaspi, ,
Calculum frangentes. .
Lappa, ,
Sternutatoriae. .
Nigella, ,
Rheumatagogae et masticatoriae. .
Staphisagria, ,
Errhina. .
Succus betae, ,
Vermes necantes et depellentes. .
Corallina, ,
Alexipharmacae. .
Coronopus (serpentina), ,
Anodinae. .
Solanum, ,
Magneticae. .
Perforata (hypericum), ,
Vomitoria (Emetica). .
Asarum, ,
Blem purgantia (cholagoga). .
Mtiora: ,
Fortiora: .
Pituitam (Phlegmagoga).
Mtiora:
Fortiora: .
Melancholiam (Melanagoga).

54
 Mtiora:
Fortiora: .
Serum (Hydragoga).
Mtiora:
Fortiora: .
Diaphoretica.
Carduus benedictus,
.
,

OP Span
14 lera (~ OP XVII)
In hortis nascuntur lera, ut lactca, brassica, cpa, lium, ccurbita, , , , ,
sser, rpum, raphanus minor, raphanus maior, petrselnum, , , , , , ,
ccmres, ppnes. , , .
- hortus
- lus, ris (also hlus) (n.)
, (Att. ) L&S: lettuce - lactca. lettuce
L&S: cabbage, Brassica cretica - brassica. cabbage
L&S: onion, Allium Cepa- cpa, ae (caepa, ae and
caepe [cpe], is [n.]). onion
(contr. ) L&S: garlic, Allium sativum - lium
(allium). garlic
[] - L&S: bottle-gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris;
L&S: round gourd, Cucurbita maxima - ccurbita. gourd
(see also bottle gourd [calabash])
L&S: parsnip, Pastinaca sativa - sser, ris (n.) OLD: a
plant cultivated for its piquant root, perh. rampion,
Campanula rapunculus; Lewis & Short: perhaps skirret.
parsnip, rampion, skirret
= , L&S: turnip, Brassica Rapa - rpum
(alt. form rpa, ae). turnip
= L&S: caraway. caraway RG: The text has
, which I cant find and I dont get. I have substituted
the correct word (acc. to L&S) for raphanus minor = radish,

55
 i.e., . The use of raphanus for horseradish seems to
begin with the early renaissance botanists. In ancient
Greece, Dioscorides called horseradish ,
so for the heck of it I put that in the text in place of the
translators .
- L&S: Att. for cabbage, Brassica cretica;
, L&S: radish, Raphanus sativus
raphanus, i OLD: radish. radish
Most translators translate raphanus minor as radish, raphanus
maior as horse radish
L&S: celery, Apium graveolens;
parsley, Petrosalinum sativum - petrselnum OLD:
parsley, Petroselinum crispum. parsley
or , also , L&S: cucumber, Cucumis
sativus - ccmis, ris. cucumber
, L&S: as an adj., cooked by the sun, ripe;
a kind of gourd or melon that, unlike the , could only
be eaten when ripe - ppn, nis OLD: a watermelon or
other gourd. gourd

OP Span
15 Frges (~ OP XVIII)
Quoddam frmentum super culmo crescit gnculis discrto, ut ,
trtcum, slg, hordum. In his spca vel ristas habet, vel mtca , , . ,
est et grna in glma continet. Quoddam vro habet lco spcae .
pnculam, grna fasctim continentem, ut vna, mlum, , ,
frmentum Saracnicum. Lgmina slquas habent, quae grna , , . ,
valvulis incldunt, ut psum, fba, vca, et his minora, nempe ccra , , ,
et lentes. , , .
Varro De re rustica 1.48.3: Spca mtca (codd., some editors emend - frmentum
to mtla) dcitur, quae nn habet ristam. - culmus
- cresco
- gnculum
- discerno
L&S: wheat, Triticum vulgare - trtcum. wheat
L&S: = Lat. siligo, winter wheat (NB: in the

56
 text is the flour from wheat) - slg, inis OLD: a soft
variety of wheat, Triticum vulgare. RG: Probably
mistranslated by Hoole as rye. Siligo was classified by the
ancient writers as a type of wheat (lighter than triticum,
according to Columella), but the distinctions between the
different types of wheat are unclear.
mostly in pl. ( is barley in Homer) L&S: barley-
corns, barley, the meal being - hordum. barley
, - spca (the ear)
, - rista (the awn or beard of barley)
- habeo
, - mtlus (mtcus)
- contineo
- grnum
() - glma (husk)
- pncula (pnu-). panicle (RG: is a gloss
on in the Lexicon of Hesychius, a valuable
resource for many obscure Greek words like this one)
- fasctim (RG: Pinzger has this equation; while I
dont find in L&S, it comes from ,
sometimes written , bundle, faggot)
= L&S: haver-grass, Aegilops ovata -
vna OLD: the oat, prob. including a number of allied
grasses. oat (Aegilops ovata is ovate goatgrass)
L&S: millet, Panicum milliacrum - mlum. millet
in L&S = millet - frmentum Saracnicum. Hoole
translates turkey-wheat
L&S: pulse of all kinds - lgmen, nis (n.). pulse
- slqua
- valvulus
- concldo
(also ) L&S: pease, Pisum sativum - psum OLD:
one or other variety of pea, prob. Pisum arvense. pea
- L&S: bean, Vicia Faba - fba. bean
L&S: vetch, Vicia sativa - vca. vetch
L&S: chick-pea, Cicer arietinum - ccer, ris (n.).

57
 chickpea
( is dish of lentils, lentil-soup) L&S: lentil, Ervum
Lens, and its fruit - lens, lentis OLD: the lentil plant and its
seed, the lentil. lentil

OP Span
13 Flres (~ OP XVI)
Inter flres maxime nti sunt vre adveniente vla, hyacinthus, ,
narcissus, tum alba ac ltea et caerla llia, tandem rsa et , , ,
caryophyllum. Ex his serta et serviae vinciuntur. Etiam drtae .
herbae adduntur, ut mrcus, mrantus, capillus Vnris, rta, . , ,
lavendula, rs mrnus, hysspus, nardus, cimum, salvia, menta, , , , , , ,
etc. Inter campestres flres maxime nti sunt llium convallium, , , , ( ), .
chamaedrys, cyanus, chamaemlum. Inter herbas agrestes, cytisus, , , ,
absinthium, rumex acetosa, urtca. Tulipa est decus flrum, sed sine . , , , ,
dre. (). ,
.

Comenius Spring Comenius Flores Comenius Flores

, - fls, flris
Flowers.pptx Odoratae.pptx Campestres et Herbai Agrestes.pptx - ntus (nosco)
, - vr, vris (n.)
- accdo, advenio
- vla. violet
; , - hyacinthus. hyacinth
- narcissus. narcissus
- albus
- flvus, but used here to translate lteus, a, um, of the color
of the plant ltum, a plant used for dyeing yellow (Dont
confuse with lteus, a, um - muddy (ltum))
( [] dark-blue enamel) - caerlus
L&S: white lily, Llium candidum - llium. lily
- rsa. rose
L&S: dried flowerbud of the clove-tree, Eugenia
caryophyllata - caryophyllum (nut-tree). See clove and
gilliflower (Hooles rendering)
, - serta, rum
, - servia. RG: I dont find servia in my

58
 dictionaries. My Hoole English translation of the OP
translates servia as nosegay. Was there such a thing as
nosegay in antiquity? In any case, I love the English names
nosegay, tussie-mussie, posy. Since Comenius distinguishes
serta and serviae, the Greek translators felt obliged to do
the same, so they as simply used the redundant
and , though Spans glossary notes
() and , which are just generic words for
collections, bundles ( = fascis)
- vincio
- drtus
- herba
- addo
(also ) L&S: marjoram, Origanum
Majorana - mrcus (and mrcum). marjoram
(sc. ; - the never-fading flower) -
mrantus. amaranth
(substantive of , unwetted []) L&S:
Adiantum Capillus-Veneris - capillus Vnris. maidenhair
fern
L&S: rue, Rta graveolens- rta. the herb rue (the
etymology is rta > rue, but rue as in to rue the day is an
Old English word)
(also ) L&S: an acrid herb - lavendula. RG: I
believe lavendula is a medieval Latin term, from which
came the plant genus lavandula of modern classification. I
am dubious of its equation with (organum
vulgare is attested in Pliny). See lavandula and origanum
, L&S: associated with various rosemarys,
including Rosmarnus officinalis - rs mrnus (also rs
mrnum [n.], rs mris, or rs alone. rosemary
- hys(s)pus (and hys(s)pum). hyssop
L&S: spikenard - nardus. spikenard
L&S: cimum Basilicum - cimum (also cimum). basil
L&S: sage-apple, Salvia calycina - salvia. salvia
/ L&S: mentha vrdis ( = ) - menta

59
 (mentha). mint
- agrestis
L&S: citations in Dioscorides for several types of
plants - llium convallium. RG: Nothing in L&S makes me
confident is an accurate translation of llium
convallium. See lily of the valley and May-lily (Hooles
translation.
, L&S: germander, Teucrium Chamaedrys -
chamaedrys. germander (Teucrium)
[] L&S: blue cornflower - cyanus. centaurea cyanus
L&S: earth-apple, camomile - chamaemlum.
chamomile
, [] L&S: tree-medick, Medicago arborea - cytisus (also
cytisum) (also translated as trifolium, i.e., clover). See
cytisus, tree medick, clover
L&S: wormwood, Artemisia Absinthium - absinthium
(and apsinthium). wormwood
, L&S: sorrel, Rumex acetosa - rumex acetosa (OLD:
rumex, icis - a species of dock grown as a vegetable,
probably named from spear-shaped leaves, since the first
definition of rumex is a kind of javelin). RG: The Comenius
text is just acetosa, I made it rumex acetosa. sorrel
L&S: stinging-nettle (also sea-anemone); (and
) L&S: nettle, Urtica (from scratch) - urtca.
nettles
- tulipa. RG: The word tulip is first mentioned in western
Europe around 1554. The Latin word tulipa is modern.
- dcus, ris (n.)
- dor, ris

XIII De frticibus. .
138 Sambcus (sabcus), ribes, rbus, rbus daeus, hedera, ligustrum, , , , , , , ,
glycyrrhiza, balsmum, palirus, spna (sentis, vepres*, veprcula*), , , , ,
cynosbtos, veprta* et dmta* frtces clent: et bi illi bertim () .
prgerminant, frticta (frtecta) funt.
(Att. ) L&S: ivy, Hedera Helix - hedera (-ed). ivy
*plural ( in the text is, acc. to L&S, a falsa lectio in

60
 Dioscorides for L&S: lime-tree, Tilia platyphyllos)
L&S: mock privet, Phillyrea media - ligustrum OLD: a
white-flowered shrub, prob. privet. privet, phillyrea
L&S: sweet-root, i.e., liquorice, Glycyrrgiza glabra -
glycyrrhiza, ae OLD: Glycyrrgiza glabra and Glycyrrgiza
echinata. liquorice, Glycyrrgiza echinata
L&S: balsam-tree, Balsamodendron Opobalsamum.
balsam
, L&S: Christs thorn, Paliurus australis; OLD:
Paliurus spina-Christi. Christs thorn
( ) L&S: thorn, prickle; any thorny or prickly plant;
of other plants - spna. thorn, spines, & prickles
sentis, is OLD: any thorny bush or shrub
vepris, is OLD: a thorn bush, as a general term, usu. in pl.
, L&S: whiterose, Rosa sempervirens - cynosbatos
OLD: some kind of rose. evergreen rose
L&S: thorny brake, acc. to the Glossaria = spntum
(OLD: a thicket of thorn bushes)
veprtum Lewis & Short: a thornhedge, bramble-thicket
dmtum OLD: only found in pl.; a clump of thorn or sim. bushes,
thicket
frtictum OLD: a thicket of shrubs or bushes, same as frtectum
(RG: I dont find in L&S, but it seems to be formed in
analogy to , the ending implying a collection)
139 Cannae ((h)rundines) interndia habentes et iunci plustria mant, , ,
iisque ltissime prvniunt. .
140 Ex scirpo ndi (unde typhae nascuntur) succso mattae (strae, , ,
tgtes) confciuntur. .
matta, ae Lewis & Short: a mat made of rushes. RG: To translate
this, I have replaced the non-existent in the text
with , [] (L&S: a rush-mat)
stra, eae OLD: a mat or matting of rushes, cot
teges, etis OLD: a piece of matting made of rushes or sim. material
141 Blti et tbera inter fungos praestantissimi, ac quorundam lautitiae .
sunt.
[] L&S: terrestrial fungus, Lat. boltus - bltus OLD:

61
 mushroom
tber, eris (n.) terrae OLD: a subterranean fungus, truffle; sim. tber
alone. truffle (RG: I have substituted L&S: truffle,
Tuber cibarium for in the text, none of whose
several plant identifications in L&S seem to be any type of
fungus)
, [] (with alternate forms such as nom. pl. and
acc. pl. ) L&S: mushroom or other fungus - fungus
OLD: a fungus, in practice confined to the larger varieties
such as mushroom, toadstool, etc. fungus

OP Span
16 Frtces (~ OP XIX)
NB: A frtex can be (1) a shrub or bush, as in this topic of ,
Comenius, and (2) a short stem, stalk, growth. ,
, .
Planta quae maior et drior est quam herba frtex dcitur, ut sunt in
, , , ,
rpis et stagnis iuncus, scirpus ndis typhas ferens, et ndos habens
, , , , ,
intusque cva (h)rund. In liis lcis crescunt rsa, ribes,
[ ] ,
sambcus, inprus, smlter vtis, quae palmtes mittit, palmtes
.
caprlos, pampnos, et rcmos, quorum scpo vae pendent,
cnos contnentes. - planta
- drus
- herba
- frtex
- rpa
- stagnum
, - iuncus. rush
, L&S: pole-reed, Arundo Donax (
has the same meaning) - scirpus OLD: a marsh plant used
for weaving, bulrush (Scirpus lacustris) or sim. giant cane,
bulrush, scirpus
( ) - ndis, e
[] L&S: a plant used for stuffing bolsters and beds, reed
mace, Typha angustata. typha (reedmace, cattail)
- ndus RG: Im not sure is the best translation
here (why not ?). The closest appropriate definition of

62
 in L&S is the bone between two joints of the
fingers and toes, and one of Pinzgers defintions for
is interndium in other words, the space between
the ndi.
- cvus
- (h)rund, inis. reed
- lcus
- cresco
- ribes. Ribes is a genus of edible currants such as the
gooseberry. OED: a medieval Latin word adapted from the
Arabic.
(contraction of ) L&S: elder tree, Sambucus nigra
sabcus (also sambcus). sambucus (elder)
- vtis, is. grapevine
, - palms, tis. shoot
, - caprlus. tendril
- pampnus. here the vine-leaf
, - rcmus. grape cluster, raceme
- scpus. RG: In botany, the better choice may be
- va. the grape!
- pendeo
, - cnus. In general, these words mean grape, but
here, grape seeds
- contineo

(RG: My reprint of the Orbis Pictus happens to be from an 1810

edition by W. Jones that is the twelfth edition of Charles Hooles
original 1658 English translation. Mr. Jones added a topic on The
Science of Botany (Herbarum Scientia), which for completeness and
some additional Latin vocabulary I include here, though it wasnt
translated into Greek. Mr. Jones writes of botany as a study much
in vogue he writes this about fifty seven years after Linnaeus
published his Species Plantarum.
Botanicus vgtbla omnia explrat; plantas inter se recte
distinguit; in classes, genera, et spcies distribuit; observat
herbarum charactres ntrlis: flrum formas, calycem, ptla,

63
 stmina (flmenta), stlum, smina, vascla smnalia, slquas,
baccas; fliorum fgram, margnem, hbtum, ordinem; rdces,
simplices, rmosas, oblongas, fibratas, bulbosas, tberosas. Quaerit
bi sponte nascantur; hae in montibus runtur, saxis, mris,
aggeribus; illae in agris, pascuis, campis, silvis, dmtis; liae in
pldibus, stagnis, fossis, fontibus, flvis, lcis mrtmis, et mri
ipso. Pro diversitate ntrae slum mant restble, rnosum,
glreosum, pingue, hmdum, siccum, petrosum, aprcum, pcum.
Vres exqurit ad mdcnam, sus ad victum, pblum, artes
mnles. Spor, dor, clor, vres indcant.
, , - calyx, icis
leaf -> modern Latin petalum -> petal (early 18th
century)
stlus, i OLD: Sts., by erron. assoc. w. Gk. , written stylus -
the plant stem
restibilis, e - never left fallow (restare to hold out)

XIV De nmlibus, et prmo de vibus. , .

142 Quicquid vita, sensu, et mota praeditum est, animal est. , , .
143 Nam lites vlant: quaedam praepete et concitato, quaedam ,
languidiore vltu, arem quasi sulcantes: aquatilia ntant (nant);
illae pennis et lis, haec pinnis; quadrupedia currunt; reptilia rpunt. , , .
late for
144 Vlcres sunt bpedes (manucodiatam nim esse apodem falso ( ), ,
proditum est) et plmatae et rostratae: excepto vespertline, qui .
plosus et dentatus.
,
aps, odis
145 Rostro legentes grna, inglvem referciunt: nulla mingit [meiit]. , ()
.
, - inglvs crop of a bird. crop
146 Procreationis causa ndos struunt (ndificant, ndulantur): halcyn ()
(halcdo) in ipso plgo, insitata eius tranquilitate: unde halcynia. [L&S: ] .
147 Tum pariunt va (quae sub testa albumen et vitellum, seu lteum , ,
occultant): iisque donec animentur incbantes (s subventanea , , () ,

64
 (zephyria) aut rina nn fuerunt) pullos implmes excldunt (qui .
dum pipiunt, pipiones vocantur).
Plin. Nat. 10.158: tertium (vum) inrtum est; rinum vocant (wind-
egg).
148 Rpces sunt: vultur, milvus, accipiter, falco, nsus, quae unguibus , , , , .
uncis in turtres liasque inncuas lites saeviunt, captasque , ,
incunctanter ac crdliter dilniant. .
L&S: , Accipiter nsus

149 Noctua noctu cernit, interdiu cauctit: ut et liae nocturnae, bb, , ,
asio, scops, lla, strix, caprimulgus, nycticorax. , , , , , , ,
.
L&S: (or ), perhaps Strix flammea
L&S: Caprimulgus europaeus (goatsucker)
150 Phsini, tides (tardae), tetraones (urogalli), melegrides , , , , ,
(gallopvnes), cpnes, attagnes, perdces, cturnces, in dliciis , ,
habentur: et ornithotrophiis inclsae, ppre pmantur. , , .
? Nowhere do I find this word meaning a type of bird.
L&S: () Otis tarda
, exsectus, castratus
L&S: Coturnix vulgaris
L&S: only gives and as obsequiousness, act of
obsequiousness.
151 lor (cygnus), flca, mergus, querquedula, onocrotalus, pelecanus, , , , , , ,
et liae aquaticae, palmipedes sunt: nulla pennipes. .
In Arist. HA, web-footed is opposed to .
152 Sturni gregatim (unde sturnatim) sed absque ordine; gres valde ,
congrue; ardeae admdum excelse vlitant. () .
153 Canrae sunt: canthis (carduelis), lauda (galrta), crdla , , , , ,
(luscinia, philomla), fringilla, galbulus, merula, linaria. , , .
crdla: Ciceros translation of Aratus
154 Plumbes et livia sunt clumbae ferae. Locus in quo clumbae , ,
ccres edcantur peristereon (peristerotrophium, clumbarium) .

65
 vcitatur. L&S: , = wild rock-pigeon, Columba livia
, dovecote L&S: Columba livia domestica
155 Merops, ppa, pcus, fcdla, rbecula (erythacus), curruca , , , , ,
vermibus vescuntur: ut et gvia fortassis: sed magis est ut pisciculis. , , .
Plin. Nat. 10.91: gviae in petris ndificant. (A tern?) L&S: , an unknown small bird
L&S: Only definition in L&S is a Lydian word for Lydian
priest. But it cites Hesychius for and as a
kind of bird. Also under , = a sea-bird, perh. a tern, it
says also in the forms = , Hsch., and Hippon.2
(nisi leg. , q.v.).
- pisciculus little fish (pisciculus also a collective
singular for whitebait)
156 Trochilus et parvus parus perrdicule se struthioni (strthiocamlo) , ,
comprarent. .
L&S: Egyptian plover, said to pick leeches from the
crocodiles throat (Hdt. 2.68), or to pick the crocodiles teeth (Arist.
HA612a21)
157 Turdus sibi ipsi ccat exitium: quia quod conspurcat, ex eo viscus .
(viscum) pulllat: id est, virium gltn.
158 Coturnix curtam habet caudam: mtacilla suam indfesse mtat:
pvo suam cellatam et variegatam (vre pictam) dispandens [=
superbit. ] .
159 Cassta (galrta [lauda cristata]) cirrum, gallus cucurriens cristam ,
in suo sterquilinio erigit. .
cirrus = and
160 Anser, quem turundis sgnant, strepit (gingrit, gratitat): nas ,
tetrinnit: gallna gracillat et glocinat (glocit): corvus crocitat: qula , , , ,
clangit: ccnia crepitat: cclus cclat: noctua cucubat: pca , , , ,
garrit: mndul (grculus) fringultat: cornices cornicantur: hirundo , , .
trinsat: passer fritinnit aut minurrit.
L&S: sparrow, fringilla domestica
RG: I have substituted glcidat for glocino/ gloco in the text, which
words I do not find in the dictionaries (whereas Paul. Fest.:
glcidare gallnarum proprium est, cum vis incbiturae sunt.).
161 Ctrum psittacus articulatas vces formare suescit. .

66
162 Phoencem, gryphem, harpyias, figmenta esse puto. , , .
, griffin

OP Span
17 nimlia, et prmum ves (~ OP XXI) ,
niml vvit, sentit, mvetur, nascitur et mritur, ntrit se et crescit, , , , ,
stat aut sdet, aut cbat, aut grditur. vis (ut halcyon, quae in mri , , , .
ndulatur) plmis tegitur, pennis vlat, duas habet las et totidem ( , )
pdes, caudam et rostrum. Fmella pnit in ndo va iisque incbans , ,
pullos excldit. vum testa tegitur, sub qua albumen, sicut in hoc , .
vtellus est. , . ,
.
- nml, lis (n.)
, , (also ) - vis, is
(contr. fr. )// - vvo (Span has , but only in
Gramm. [L&S], an assumed form [Smyth]
- sentio
- mveor
- nascor
- mrior
- ntrio
- cresco
- sto
- sdeo
- cbo
- grdior
- velut
, - halcyon
- mre, is (n.)
- ndulor
- plma
- tego
- penna
(rare for ) - vlo
, - la

67
 - totidem
, - ps, pdis
[] - cauda
- rostrum
- femella
- vum
- pno
- ndus
- vis incbo
- pullus
[Generally before vowels, before consonants, with
exceptions] - gigno
- testa
- albumen (a word first appearing in the 1590s, according
to the Online Etymological Dictionary)
- vitellus

OP Span
18 ves Dmesticae (~ OP XXII)
Gallus, qui mne cantat, cristam habet et calcria ; castratus gallus , , ,
dcitur cp, et in ornthotropho sgnatur. Gallna ruspatur ,
fmtum, et colligit (quaerit) grna: ut et clumbae quae in . , ()
clumbrio ntriuntur, et gallopvus cum sua mlagride; , ,
pulcherrimus pvo superbit pennis. Ccnia in dmuum culminibus ,
ndfcat. Hrundo, passer, pca, mndla, et vespertlio (ms .
ltus) vlant circa dmus. . , , , ,
( ) (on) .
- dmesticus
- vis, is
(poetic form of ) - gallus. cock
- canto
- mne
- crista
- calcar, ris (n.)
, () - cp, nis (also cpus, i). capon
- dco

68
 - ornthotrophum
- sgno
, - gallna. hen
- ruspor
, ( ) - fmtum (fmus and fmum = dung)
- colligo
- quaero
- grnum
- clumba. pigeon
, - clumbrium
- ntrio
- gallopvus. turkey
, - mlagris, idis (OLD : a kind of guinea fowl,
perhaps Numida ptilorhynca)
(and ), gen. / - pvo, nis. peacock
- pulcher
- superbio
- penna
- ccnia. stork
; - dmus, s
- culmen, inis (n.)
(Att. ; a chick) - ndfco
, - hrundo, dinis. swallow
- passer, ris. sparrow
L&S : jay, Garrulus glandarius - pca. Eurasian jay
L&S : jackdaw, Corvus monedula - mndla. jackdaw
, - vespertlio, nis. bat
, - ms, mris
- ltus
; - vlo

OP Span
19 Oscnes (~ OP XXIII)
Note: In antiquity, oscen is first and foremost a technical term of .
augury, then more broadly a song-bird. . ,
, , , ,
Luscna omnium vium suvissime cnit. lauda vltans cantitat

69
in re, cturnix hmi sdens, cterae in arbrum rmis, ut , , , , ,
pregrna ltla, fringilla, cardulis, acanthis, lnria agrestis, [?]. , , , ,
prus, galgulus, rbecula, curruca [?]. Psittacus, mrla, sturnus .
cum pca et mndla, discunt articlate loqui. Plrimae harum in .
cvis servantur.
- cnrus
, - luscna. nightingale (in Greek mythology,
was raped by her brother-in-law and turned into a
nightingale)
- suvis
, contr. - cno
(, ) - lauda. lark
(frequentat. of ) - vlto (frequentat. of vlo) (RG:
I have substituted for the reading in the text)
- cantito (RG: I have substituted for in the
text)
, L&S: quail, Coturnix vulgaris - cturnix. quail
- sdeo
- rmus
, L&S: greenfinch, Fringilla chloris - ltla.
greenfinch or canary
L&S: chaffinch, Fringilla caelebs - fringilla. chaffinch
L&S: goldfinch, Fringilla carduelis - cardulis, is
(from carduus, i = thistle, the goldfinchs favorite food.
goldfinch
, L&S: a bird, goldfinch or linnet - acanthis. linnet,
but also see redpoll
- lnria RG: Supposedly linnet (as translated by
Hoole), since = lnum = flax, and the linnet gets its
name from its fondness for hemp and flax. But under these
words I find nothing regarding birds in L&S or OLD. As a
second meaning of Pinzger gives avicula
quaedam, referencing Oppianus but without a specific
citation (perhaps from the extant prose summary of
Oppians poem De aucupio).
or - prus. titmouse
L&S: jaundice, from the color of which the bird gets its

70
 name; equated to the galgulus by Pliny, perhaps the golden
oriole - galgulus (the MS. reading in Pliny, but some editors
substitute galbulus). golden oriole
L&S: robin-redbreast, Erithicus rubecula - rbecula.
robin RG: I substituted for in the text.
- curruca. ? The Greek? The Latin? Hoole translates as
hedge-sparrow (in Wikipedia Hedge Sparrow redirects to
Dunnock, which is indeed a warbler). See also Lesser
Whitethroat (sylvia curruca).
- psittacus. parrot
L&S: blackbird, Turdus merula - mrla. blackbird
, (also or ; also ) L&S:
starling, Sturnus vulgaris - sturnus. starling
For pca and mndla, see ves Dmesticae
- articlate
- loquor
- disco
(also and ) - cva
- servo

OP Span
20 ves grestes (~ OP XXIV ves campestres et silvestres)
Strthio (strthocamlus) est maximus ls, rgulus (trochilus) , ,
minimus, noctua turpissimus, ppa sordidissimus, quia stercre , , ,
ntritur, manucodiata rrissimus, phsinus, tarda, tetra surdus, . , , () ,
attagn, perdix, gallinago, turdus in mensarum dlcis pnuntur. , , ,
Inter rlquas ves ptissimae sunt pervgil grus, gmens turtur, .
cclus, palumbs, pcus, garrlus, cornix. , , , , ,
, .
- grestis
, - strthio (strthocamlus). ostrich
L&S: the Egyptian plover and also the wren, Troglodytes
europaeus - trochilus and also rgulus, because in Italy the
wren was called the rex avium (to the annoyance of the
eagle). wren
- minimus

71
 Att. , L&S: little owl, Athene noctua -
noctua. little owl
- turpis
, L&S: hoopoe, Upupa epops - ppa. hoopoe
( ) - sordidus
- stercus, ris (n.)
- ntrio
() a kind of Indian bird - manucodiata. bird-of-
paradise, see also manucode
- rrus
L&S: from the river in Colchis, therefore the
Phasian bird, pheasant, Phasianus colchicus [the ancient
territory of Colchis and the river Phasis are in modern-day
Georgia] - phsinus. pheasant
, L&S: bustard, Otis tarda - tarda. great bustard
, L&S: a bird, also called the by the Athenians;
but also , = , Lat. tetrao, guinea-
fowl, Meleagris numida - tetra, nis OLD: The name of
several kinds of game-bird. black grouse. See also
capercaillie and why it is called deaf.
- surdus
, = , L&S: francolin, Tetrao orientalis -
attagn, nis. francolin
, , L&S: partridge - perdix, cis. partridge
, L&S: prob. = , prob. woodcock,
Scolopax ruricula - gallinago. Eurasian woodcock. See also
gallinago
L&S: thrush (a generic term, including various species) -
turdus. thrush
- dlcum RG: I have substituted for the
in the text, which is an act of obsequiousness. =
dlcae
- pno
- praecipuus
- pervgil, lis
, L&S: crane, Grus cinerea - grus, gris. crane

72
 - gmo
, () L&S: turtle-dove, Columba turtur - turtur,
uris. turtle-dove
, L&S: cuckoo - cclus. cuckoo
(Att. for ) L&S: ringdove or cushat, Columba
palumbus - palumbs, is (also us, i) OLD: a wood-pigeon.
common wood pigeon. See also barbary (ringneck) dove
L&S: woodpecker - pcus. woodpecker
RG: I dont find this word in L&S, but it clearly derives
from rattling noise - garrlus (someone has made a
substantive out of garrlus, a, um). jay
L&S: a sea-bird, possibly shearwater - cornix, cis OLD:
a crow (or related bird). RG: The specific bird seems
unclear. L&S and OLD: corvus and (raven) and
corvix and are all related.

OP Span
21 ves rpces (~ OP XXV)
qula, rex vium, slem intetur. Vultur et corvus mortcnis , , .
ntriuntur. Milvius insectatur pullos. Falc, nsus, et accipiter . . ,
rpiunt vclas. Astur rpit clumbas et maiores ves. , .
.
- rpax, rapcis
() - qula. eagle and on raptors in general
, - rex, rgis
; - inteor
, - vultur, uris. vulture
, L&S: raven, Corvus corax - corvus. raven
, , - mortcnus, a, um
- ntrio
L&S: kite, Milvus regalis - milvius. kite
- insector
- pullus
, L&S: a kind of hawk, prob. merlin, Falco aesalon;
Scherschnik and Span suggest an alternative, ,
= (literally, of three testacles, ), for which

73
 L&S: a kind of hawk, perh. buzzard, Buteo vulgaris - falc,
nis (believed in ancient etymology to be derived from the
resemblance of the birds inwardly curved claws to the
curved sickle, falx). merlin, falcon
L&S: sparrow-hawk, Accipiter nisus - Nsus/nsus (RG:
Nsus was the king of Megara, betrayed by his daughter
Scylla ad turned into a sea-eagle. I think the use of nsus to
describe a specific bird is post-classical.) Eurasian sparrow-
hawk, also see Hooles translation hobbie/y
, [] - accipiter, tris. hawk
- rpio
- vcla
, (starred) L&S: as a bird (its also the name of a
fish), perhaps (i) bittern, Ardea stellaris (ii) a kind of hawk
= - astur (RG: The only use of astur with
reference to birds I see in ancient sources is a Lewis &
Short citation from Julius Firmicus Maternus Matheseos,
336 A.D., though I do not find it there. In contemporary
classifications I only find the name used for the
Madagascan serpent eagle, or Eutriorchis astur.). Hoole
translates gerfalcon
- clumba

OP Span
22 ves quticae (~ OP XXVI)
lor albus, anser, et nas ntant. Mergus se mergit. His adde , , .
flcam et pelecanum. Halietus et gvia dvlant; sed ardea in rpis . .
stat, ut cpiat pisces. Bt inserit rostrum quae, et mgit ut bs. ,
Mtacilla mtat caudam. , .
, . .
- quticus
L&S: swan, Cycnus olor - lor, ris (also cycnus/cygnus).
swan
- candidus
, , L&S: wild goose, Anser cinereus - anser, ris. goose
() - nas, ntis. duck

74
 but mostly med. - nto
L&S: a ravenous sea-bird, perh. sea-mew, gull - mergus
OLD: a name given to several sea-birds, prob. gulls. gull,
common gull (mew)
- mergor
- addo
, [RG: Ive substituted this for , which I dont
find anywhere] L&S: coot, Fulica atra, so-called from its
bald white head [old English idiom: as bald as a coot] -
flca OLD: a water-fowl, probably the coot, perh. ,
. coot
, L&S: [ = fulica in the Corpus
Glossariorum Latinorum] pelican, Pelicanus onocrotalus -
pelicanus. pelican
() L&S: sea-eagle prob. osprey - halietus.
osprey
, (also in the forms = , Hsch., and
perhaps ) L&S: a sea-bird, perh. the tern or sea-
swallow - gvia OLD: a sea-bird, possibly a tern. tern
- dvlo
- ardea. heron
(mostly in pl.) - rpa
- sto
- cpio
, - piscis, is
, = (literally, of three testacles, ), for
which L&S: a kind of hawk, perh. buzzard, Buteo vulgaris -
bte, nis OLD: a species of hawk, prob. a buzzard
RG: But these are not aquatic birds and cant be right.
Comenius loved the sound of words and believed many
words had an onomatopoetic origin (see his first chapter in
the original OP). He clearly knew these lines (41-42) from
the anonymous late antique poem Carmen de Philomela,
cited by Lewis & Short for the lemma btio, onis,
Ast ululant ululae lugubri voce canentes
Inque paludiferis butio butit aquis.

75
 where btio means bittern. The naturalist James Francis
Stephens came up with the scientific name Botaurus
Stellaris for the eurasian bittern by combing butio and
taurus, because the bitterns call resembles the bellowing of
a bull, precisely as in Comenius here. This leaves the
question, what would the Greek translation for bittern be?
Eurasian bittern
- insero
, - rostrum
- mgio
, - mtacilla OLD: the white water-wagtail. wagtail
RG: Literally and suggestively, would seem to be the
obvious translation; L&S: = ( = ,
Hsch.). is unnatural lust, a catamite; ,
wryneck (old-world woodpecker) was used as a charm to
recover unfaithful lovers, being bound to a revolving wheel
(hence to put a jinx on someone). But the bird in question
wags its tail rather than twists its neck (wryneck).
- cauda
- mveo and mto freq. of mveo

XV De qutilibus. .
163 Pisces lympham ore immissam branchiis emittunt. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
, .
164 Suntque squamosi vel glbri: et horum lii vvipari, lii vipari. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
, ()
, .
165 In illis mres habent lactes, fminae va. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
lacts, ium f. pl. , .
166 Flvitiles sunt: sturio (cpenser), antacaus exos (huso), amia, From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
anguilla lbrica, quam s capessis, elbitur, mgil (capito), mullus
, , ,
(barbus), trutta (aurata), thymallus, alburnus (leuciscus), hobius
() , , ,
(fundulus), mustla, cobitis barbatula, cobitis aculeata, rutilus
, , , , , ,
(rubellio).
(), , .

76
 L&S: = cbios, ii a species of spurge
= gbius (cbius), gbi (cbi) inis a small fish
of the gudgeon kind
167 Piscinales, carpio (cyprinus), lucius (lupus), coracinus, perca, tinca, From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
oculata (melanurus).
, , (), , , ,
.
168 Marini, seu plgici: ci [L&S: cus, s], salmones (esoces), From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
mraenae, mraenulae (fltae), alosae, congri, raiae, ostreae, rhombi
, , (), , ,
(passeres), sleae, mytuli (pectunculi), sardae (sardinae), scombri,
, , , , , , ,
spirinchi (saperdae), squillae, et vra monstra, ut hippopotamus,
, , , ,
phca, etc.
.
169 Halces salitas {sal(l)io} in tnis, quae ex tabulis (assibus) dlatis From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
fabricantur (fabrefunt), nbis afferunt: passas {pando} vro, ut et
,
sle tostos passeres in fasciculis.

L&S tna, ae a kind of wine jar (Var. in Non: antiquissimi in .
conviviis utres vini primo, poste tnas ponebant (id est oris longi,
cum operculo).
170 Asellus rfactus, nisi probe contusus, sui nn est. De passere From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
maiore carnosas habere licet partes siccatas.
, , .
.
171 Delphnus perncitate, blaena (ctus) magnitudine omnibus anteit. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
, .
172 Cancer et cammrus (astacus) cum suis chlis antrorsum et From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
retrorsum reptant.
()
.
173 De mricis (conchylii) ostro purpura conficitur, ipsi animalculo From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
cognminis.
.

OP Span
32 Pisces fluviales et lacustres (~ OP XXXVI)
From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations. From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Piscis pinnas habet, quibus natat, et branchias quibus respirat spinas , , , ,

77
loco ostium; praetera mas lactes, femina ova. Quidam squammas , ,
habent, ut carpio et lucius, alii sunt glabri, ut anguilla mustela, . , ,
sturio mucronatus est et supra hominis longitudinem crescit. () , ,
Bucculentus silurus est maior illo, maximus vero antacaeus apuae [??] , .
phalaricae, quae regatim natant, minimi pisces sunt. Alii huius , .
generis sunt perca, aiburnus, mullus, thymallus, truta, gobius, tinca; [??], ,
cancer crustra habet, et prorsum et retrorsum serpit. Hirundo sugit . , , ,
sanguinem. , , , .
, , .
.
, , - fluviatilis
, , - lacustris
- pinna
- nato
- branchiae
- respiro
- spina
- os, ossis
- mas
, - lactes piscium
- femina
- ovum
, - squamma
- carpio
- lucius
, , - glaber
, - mollis (mollicute?)
, - anguilla
- mustela
- sturio
- mucronatus
, - longitudo
- cresco
, , - bucculentus
, - silurus
- antacaeus

78
 - apua
- gregatim
- nato
- minimus
- genus
- perca
- alburnus
- mullus
- thymallus
- truta
- gobius
- tinca
- cancer
- crusta
- chela
- prorsum et retrorsum
- serpo
- hirudo
- sugo
, - sanguis

OP Span
33 Pisces marini et conchae (~ OP XXXVII)
From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations. From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Balaena marinorum piscium maximus est; delphinus celerrimus, , ,
raja monstrosissimus. Alii vocantur muraenula, salmo, dantur vero . , ,
et volatiles. Appone halices quae salsae [inferuntur], et passeres . ,
cum asellis, qui arefacti inferuntur, et marina monstra, phocam et [], ,
varias eius species. Concha testas, habet, ostrea dat sapidam , ,
carnem. Murex purpuram praebet. Concha margaritifera fert . , ( )
margaritas. , .
() .
, , - marinus
- concha

79
 - balaena
- delphinus
- velox
[??] - raja
- monstrosus
- muraenula
[??] - salmo
, , - voltailis
- appono
- halex
- salio
- passer
- asellus
- arefacio
- infero
- monstrum
- phoca
- species
- concha

- ostrea
- sapidus
- praebeo

- murex
- purpura
, , - margaritifer
,
- margarita

XVI De imentis. .
174 Imenta sunt animalia domestica ns ivantia. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
, .
175 Gibbosus nim camlus vehiculi vcem praebet rebus From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
praeponderosis lio deportandis.
,

80
 .
176 Equus iba insignis, indle atque ingenita nbilitate ferox; dmatur From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
tamen et frnatur, iniecto etiam lpato, quanquam interdum
,
poppysmis demulceatur, ut sessori obtemperet.
(, ) (),
lpatus, a, um - provided with wolfs teeth, i.e., iron spikes. lpata, ) ( ) ,
orum a bit .
177 Sed nihilominus quandoque efferatur (praesertim effrnis) eumque From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
deiicit (passumdat) aut calicatrando ferit.
( ),
,
.
178 Canthrius factus, hinnire et ferocire desinit. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
() ,
.
179 Dum pullus est, ungulis eius sleae nn applicantur. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
.
180 Pandus sinus (sellus) plane nn calceatur. dem ab agasone ob From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
tarditatem fuste dedlatus rdit.
,
.
181 Taurus, cum pleari pendulo boat [bo(v)o = ] et mgit: From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
ferocius tamen in admissura. Agnus blat.
,
. .
182 Vervex est ries, cui vrlitas adempta est: vexatus ritat. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
, .
183 Cper est castratus hircus: haedo etsi petulanti et ptulco, nndum From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
est runcus.
,
Plin. Nat. dependet omnium (caprorum) mento villus quem runcum .
vocant.
184 Porcus grunnit, et nn rminat, ut ut bisulcus: ltus ad volutabrum From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
recurrit: nn castratus dcitur verres: exsectus [ex(s)eco] ss,
,
milis.
, ,
() .
185 Porcelli (a lacte depulsi, nefrendes dicti) smen scrfae; capellae From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.

81
 rmas [rmis, is; rma, ae] distentas cprae altrcis sgunt.
,
.
186 Cnis sve villaticus sit, sve catnrius, sve pecuarius cum ctlis From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
adltrat advnam, propinquantem mordet clanculum.
, , ,
, .
187 S irrtes, diducto rictu ringitur: s perctias, quiritatur, lioqui From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
baubatur.
, ,
.
188 Rabie correptus (rabiosus) discurrit passim, et in quod irruit, lniat, From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
morsuque hydrophobum reddit.

.

OP Span
24 Quadrupeda et primum domestica (~ OP XXVIII)
From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations. From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Canis cum catello est custos domus. Felis purgat (liberat) domum a . [;]
muribus, quod et muscipula facit. Sciurus, simia et cercopithecus ad () ,
voluptatem in domo servantur. Glis et ceteri majores mures, ut . , ,
mustela, martes, viverra, infestant domum. , .
, , (), ,
.
, - quadrupes
, , - domesticus
, - canis
- catellus
- custos
- domus
, - felis
- purgo
- libero
, - mus
- muscipula

82
 - sciurus
- simia
- cercopithecus
- voluptas
- servo
- glis
, - mustela
- martes
- martes
- viverra
- infesto

OP Span
26 Iumenta (~ OP XXX)
From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations. From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Asinus et mulus portant onera; equus, quem iubae ornant, portat nos , ,
ipsos. Camelus portat mercatorem cum mercibus eius. Elephas , .
pabulum probiscide attrahit, duos habet prominentes dentes et potest .
usque triginta viros ferre. ,
.
- iumentum
- asinus
- mulus
- onus
- gesto
- equus
- iuba
- orno
- camelus
- mercator
- merx
- elephas
- pabulum
, - proboscis
- attraho

83
 - promineo
, - dens
- possum
, - vir

OP Span
25 Pecora (~ OP XXIX)
From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations. From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Taurus, vacca et vitulus pilis teguntur. Aries, vervex, oviscum agno , ,
lanam portant. Hircus cum capra et haedo villos habent et aruncos. [;]. , , ( )
Porci, cum lactantibus subus, setas habent, sed non cornua, bisulci .
vero sunt, ut illa. ,
, , ,
().
- pecus
- pecus
- taurus
- vaca
- citulus
- pilus
- tego
- aries
- verex
- ovis
- lana
- hircus
- capra
- haedus
- villus
- aruncus
- porcus
- lactans
, - sus
- seta
- cornu

84
 - bisulcus

XVI De fris. .
I
189 In amoenis nemribus, aut flridis silvarum saltibus, aut From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
frondentibus virgultis pastae ferae ad sua lustra et latebras (splaea)
, ,
se recipiunt.
, .
190 Elephas (elephantus) belluarum [bluarum] maximus, barriens, From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
crra quidem obscrius flectit, procumbens tamen interquiescit, et
, ,
pbulum proboscide (promuscide) convolutum attrahit.
, ,
.
191 Monoceros (nicornu nicornis) abditissima deserta, inhospitaque From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
tesqua [tesca] incolit.
,
Hor. Ep. 1.14.19 deserta et inhospita tesqua .
192 Rhinocerus (os) osseis squmis indtus est, et cum barris From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
validissimis proeliatur.

Hor. Epod. 12.1 mulier nigris dignissima barris .
193 Alcis tergus s caesim secare attentes, est impenetrabile. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
, ,
( , , .
194 Villosus ursus murmurat, et uncat, quodque ingenuit, From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
circumlambendo, s credimus, effingit.
, ( )
Suet. fr. 161 ursorum (est) uncare vel saevire .
195 Pardus et pardalis (panther, panthera) quod terno saltu nn From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
prehendunt, mittunt.
() ()
, .
196 Tygris vlcitate et fercitate omnes superat. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
.
197 Lynx mclosa visu pollet: unde lynci appellationem traxere. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Lyncus, a, um of, resembling Lyncus the Argonaut, famed for his
keen sight .

85
198 Cervum (qui rancet) cornua nn grvant, quamvis grandia: agilis From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
est, et longissimi aevi.
.
.
199 Nn absimilis huic dma [damma], sed minor: item caprea (dorcas), From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
masculus huius hinnulus est.
.
200 Capricornus et bex praeruptas rpes scandunt, indeque desiliunt From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
indemnes.

.
201 Bbalus et rus fri bves sunt. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
() , .
202 Leo armis hirtis, formidolose rgit. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Suet. fr. 161 leonum est frmere vel rgire , .
203 Vulpes ineunte vre glbrescens fit dplis (alpeciam patitur); From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
gannit, et difficile ccratur.
, , ,
.
204 Lpre nhil timidius (meticulosius): quicquid strepit, territatus From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
aures arrigit, aut se proripit confgitque ad dmta: dum capitur,
,
vgit.
,
.
205 Cnclus fdicando cnclos, talpa grmos [grummus] facit. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
, () .
206 Herinacio (echno) et hispidae histrici aculei sunt pro plis. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
, .
207 Smia (us) perquam proterva est et operum nostrorum mttrix, ut et From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
cercopithicus.
(),
, .
208 Glre et mle (taxo) nhil somnolentius, et hinc pinguescere etiam From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
dcuntur.
, , ,
.
209 Vverra, mustla, martes, martes (mustla) Scythica, mustla Alpna From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
(ms Ponticus), ms Alpnus, ms Nricus, pelliceis conveniunt.

86
 , , , , , ,
.
210 Sciri, forices, criceti, etc. frmina sibi cvant, in quibus velut From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
hybernaculis quibusdam hybernant.
, ,
.
211 Sed mrem (mrem maiorem, mrem rneum) pnaria From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
perreptasse argmento sunt muscerdae et arrsa cibaria: hi catis
,
(flibus) aut muscipulis subinde praeda funt.
,
.

OP Span
27 Ferae (~ OP XXXI Ferae Pecudes)
From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations. From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Urus et bubalus sunt feri boves. Alces equo maior, cuius tergus . ,
impenetrabile est, cornua habet ramosa ut cervus sed caprea cum , ,
hinnulo fere nulla. Capricornus vero praegrandia habet cornua; () .
dama exigua, quibus ad petram suspendit se ipsam. Monoceros , ,
unum, sed pretiosissimum, ut veteres falso narrabant. Aper infestat , , ,
dentibus; lepus timidus est. Cuniculus suffodit terram, ut et talpa []. ,
quae grumos excitat. . ,
, () .
, - fera
- urus
- bubalus
, , - ferus
- alces
- tergus
, - impenetrabilis
, - cornu
- ramosus
- cervus
, - capra silvestris
, - capra silvestris, rupicapra
- hinnulus

87
 , - capricornus
, , - praegrandis
, , - minimus
- suspendo
, - monoceros
, , - pretiosus
- aper
- spumo
, - dens
- lepus
, , - timidus
, - cuniculus
- suffodio
- talpa
- grumus
- grumus
- excito

OP Span
28 Ferae rapaces (~ OP XXXII Ferae Bestiae)
From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations. From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Bestiae acutos habent ungues et dentes, suntque carnivorae ut leo, , ,
rex quadrupedum iubatus, cum leaena; maculosus pardus et femella , , , ,
pardalis, tigris immanissima omnium bestiarum. Ursus villosus, ,
lupus rapax, lynx visu praestantissima, caulata vulpes astutissima. . , ,
Erinaceus aculeatus est. Melis latebras amat. , .
. .
- bestia
, , - acutus
, - inguis
, - dens
- carnivorus
, - leo
, ( / ) - quadrupes
, , - iubatus

88
 - leaena
- maculosus
,
- pardus
, - tygris
, , - saevus
- ursus
- villosus
- lupus
- rapax
, - lynx
, - visus
- praestantissimus
- cauda
, - vulpes
, - astutus
, - erinaceus
- aculeatus
?? - melis
- latebra
, - latebra
- amo

XVI De amphibiis, et reptilibus. , .

II
212 Amphibia sunt, castor (fber), ex cuius folliculis nn incelebre From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
mdcmen castreum, excinditur; ltra, rna coaxans, testdo,
( , ),
bfo, rbta, et crcdlus: qui inter manducandum maxillam
, , ,
(mandibulam) superiorem movet; etc.
, .
213 Reptilia (serpentia) sunt, quae serpunt exviasque depnunt, ut From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
sibilans anguis (clber), hydra (ntrix), aspis, situla (dipsas,
(), , ,
praester) ptyas, vpera (exctra), caecilia [anguis frgilis], cerastes
, , , , , , , ,
iaculus, amphisbaena, etc.
.
situla? L&S: situla, ae & situlus, i is a bucket for drawing or holding
water, an urn, a basin

89
214 Drco ipso habitu, basiliscus obttu ncat. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
, .
215 Lcerta, seps, stellio, salamandra, scorpio (scorpius) pedibus From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
ambulant.
(), , , ,
seps, spis c. () .
216 Lmces sunt cochleae sine testis, quas hae vlt domunculas From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
portatiles, quoque arrpunt, circumferunt.
, ,
, , .

OP Span
31 Amphibia (~ OP XXXV)
From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations. From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Super terra et in aqua vivunt crocodilus, immensa et praedatrix ,
bestia Nili fluminis in Aegypto. Castor, qui anserinos pedes ad ,
natandum et squammeam caudam habet; lutra et rana coaxans cum ,
bufone. Testudo, quae supra et infra testis sicut scuto, tecta est. , , .
()
.
- vivo
- crocodilus
, , - immensus, mirandus
- rapax
, - Nilus
- Aegyptus
- castor
- anserinus
- nato
- squammeus
- cauda
, () - lutra
- rana
- coaxo
- bufo
- testudo

90
 - testa
- testa
- scutum
- tego, occulto

OP Span
29 Serpentes et reptilia ( ~ OP XXXIII)
From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations. From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Angues repunt se sinuantes, coluber in silva, natrix in aqua, vipera . ,
in saxis, aspis in campis, boa in domibus. Caecilia caeca est. Pedes , , ,
habent, lacerta, et salamandra, quae in igne vivere in epte dicitur. . .
Draco (serpens alatus) occidit halitu, basiliscus oculis, ut olim falso , , .
narrabatur, scorpius cauda venenata. ( ) .
() .
.
, - serpens
- reptile
- serpo
- sinuo
, - coluber
- natrix
- vipra
, - aspis
- boa
?? - coecilia
, , - coecus
- lacerta
- salamandra
- vivo
, - Draco
, - alatus
- occido
, - halitus
- basiliscus
- oculus

91
 - oculus
- olim
- false
- narro
- scorpius
- cauda
, - venenatus

XIX De insectis. .
217 Insecta sunt vri vermes, ut asellus (millepeda), sclpendra, tipla From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
[tippla], etc., e quibus lumbrici fmta, rcae (bruchi) plantas,
, , (),
trdines, cossi (cosses) ligna; termites carnes; tneae vestes (etiam
, , , ()
bombycinas et holosricas); blattae lbros; convolvuli (volvoces)
, , , ,
vtes; gurguliones (curculiones) frumenta, corrdunt.
, , , ,
.
218 Lendes, pediculi, plces, clces, cmces, acari ns ipsos infestant: From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
quin et rcni et hrdines (sanguisgae), praesertim s quid
, , , .
dendemus.
*, .
219 Bombyces sricum, pes bomblantes fvos mellis, quos fci From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
depascunt, conficiunt; nn sibi, sed nbis mellificantes: et
, ( )
quotannis exmen, ut nvam clniam emittunt.
, ,
Suet. fr. 161 pum est bombire vel bombilare .
220 Crabrones et vespae praeacuto sunt aculeo, quo etiam membranea From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
quaeque integumenta pertrebrant.
, ,
().
221 Oestro (tbno, slo) percitum pecus subsilit et velut rbdum From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
discursitat.
,
.
222 Scarabaeorum [Scaraborum] et locustrarum genera complra sunt, From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
quaedam dlia.
, .
223 Canthri, canthridesque, canthrides rbeae, scarabaei cornuti, From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
papiliones et cincindelae (lampyrides, ntdulae) et hepioli
, , , ,
(pyraustae) mlines, etc., vltles sunt.
, () ,

92
 (), .
224 Ccda fris, gryllus dmi cantillant. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
, .
225 Formca psilla est, sed actsa; semper festcas et mcas fert. From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
, , , ,
.
226 rnea (rneus) rneum nexat idque etiam inauratis lcnaribus From FV. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
innectat.
, .

OP Span
23 Insecta volantia ( ~ OP XXVII) ()
From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations. From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Apis mel conficit, quod fucus depascit. Vespa et crabro laedunt , .
aculeo ; maxime autem infestat pecus oestrus, nos vero musca et , ,
culex. Gryllus cantillat. Papilio alata est eruca. Scarabaeus tegit . . .
alas vaginis. Cicindela noctu nitet. (
). () .
- apis
- mel
- facio
, - fucus
- depasco
- vespa
- crabro
- laedo
- imprimis
- infesto
- pecus
- oestrus
- musca
- culex
/ - gryllus
- cantillo
- papilio

93
 , , - alatus
- eruca
- scarabaeus
- ala
- vagina
, - cicindela
, - cicindela
- niteo

OP Span
30 Insecta repentia ( ~ OP XXXIV)
From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations. From SH. Needs proofreading, diacritics, notations.
Vermes rodunt res. Lumbricus terram, eruca plantam, cicada fruges, . ,
curculio frumentum, teredo ligna, tinea vestes; blatta librum, , , ,
termites carnem et caseum, acari capillum. Pulex saltans, pediculus, , , , ,
foetens cimex nos ipsos mordent. Ricinus sanguinem sugit. Bombyx . , , ,
sericum facit. Formica laboriosa est. Aranea araneum texit, retia . .
muscis. Cochlea domicilium suum circumfert. . . ,
.
.
- insectum
, , - reptilis
- vermis
- rodo
- res
/ - lumbricus
- eruca
- planta
- cicada
- fruges
- curculio
- frumentum
, - teredo
- lignum
, - tinea

94
 - vestis
- blatta
- liber
- termes
- caro, carnis
- caseus
- acari
- capillus
- pulex
- salto
- pediculus
- foeteo
, - cimex
- mordeo
- ricinus
- sungo, ere
- sanguis
- bombyx
- sericum
- formica
, - laboriosus
- aranea
- araneum
- texo
- rete
- cochlea
- domicilium
- circumfero

XX De homine. .
227
228
229
230
231
232

95
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
XXI De corpore, et primum de membris externis. , .
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
XXI De membris internis. .

96
 I
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
XXI De accidentibus corporis. .
II
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
XXI De morbis. .
V
292
293
294
295

97
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
XX De ulceribus et vulneribus. .
V
315
316
317
318
319
320
XX De sensibus externis. .
VI
321
322
323
324
325
326

98
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
XX De sensibus internis. .
VII
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
XVI De mente. .
II
353
354
355
356
357

99
358
359
XXI De voluntate et affectibus. .
X
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
XX De mechanicis in genere. .
X
377
378
XX De hortorum cultura. .
XI
379
380
381
382
383
384
XX De agricultura. .
XII

100
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
XX De molitura et molibus. , .
XIII
401
402
403
404
405
XX De paneficio, .
XIV
406
407
408
XX De pecuaria. .
XV
409
410
411
412
413

101
414
415
416
417
418
419
XX De laniena. .
XVI
420
421
422
XX De venatione. .
XVI
I
423
424
425
426
XX De piscatione. .
XVI
II
427
XX De aucupio, seu avium captura. .
XIX
428
429
430
XL De coquinaria. .
431
432
433
434
435
436

102
437
438
XL De potulentorum paratu. .
1
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
XLI De aurigatione. .
I
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
XLI De navicularia. .
II
462
463
464
465

103
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
XLI De itineribus. .
V
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
XL De mercatura. .
V
490
491
492
493
494
495
496

104
XL De vestiariis opificiis. [].
VI
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
XL De vris vestium generibus. .
VII
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
XLV De architectura, et fabrilibus artificiis. .
III
522
523
524
525

105
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
XLI De domo, eiusque partibus. , .
X
541 David
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
L De hypocausto. .
549
550
551
552
LI De coenaculo. .
553
554
555
556

106
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
LII De cubiculo. .
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
LIII De balneo et munditie. .
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
LIV De coniugio et affinitate. .
588

107
589
590
591
592
593
594
LV De puerperio. .
595
596
597
598
599
600
LVI De cognatione. .
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
LVI De oeconomia. .
I
609
610
611
612
LVI De urbe. .
II
613
614
615
616
617

108
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
LIX De templo. .
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
LX De ecclesia. .
637
638
639
640
LXI De ethnicorum iudaiorumque superstitionibus. .
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
LXI De curia. .

109
 I
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
LXI De iudiciis. .
II
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
LXI De maleficis et suppliciis. .
V
667
668
669
670
671
672
LX De statu regio. .
V
673
674
675
676

110
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
LX De regno et regione. .
VI
685
686
687
688
689
LX De pace et bello. .
VII
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707

111
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
LX De schola et institutione. .
VIII
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
LXI De museo. .
X
738

112
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
LX De grammatica. .
X
747
748
LX De dialectica (logica). ().
XI
749
750
LX De rhetorica et poesi. .
XII
751
752
753
754
LX De mathesi: et primum de arithmetica. , .
XIII
755
756
LX De geometria. .
XIV
757
758
759
760
761
LX De mensuris et ponderibus. .

113
XV
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
LX De optica et pictura. .
XVI
769
770
771
772
LX De musica. .
XVI
I
773
774
775
776
777
LX De Astronomia. .
XVI
II
778
779
780
781
782
LX De geographia. .
XIX
783
784

114
LX De historia. .
XX
785
786
787
LX De medicina. .
XXI
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
LX De ethica in genere. .
XXI
I
796
797
798
799
800
LX De prudentia. .
XXI
II
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808

115
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
LX De temperantia. .
XXI
V
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
LX De castitate. .
XX
V
825
826
827
828
829
LX De modestia. ().
XX
VI
830
831
832
833

116
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
LX De autarkeia. .
XX
VII
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
LX De iustitia: et primo commutativa. .
XX
VIII
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862

117
863
864
865
866
867
868
LX De iustitia distributiva. .
XXI
X
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
XC De fortitudine. .
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
XCI De patientia. .
889
890
891
892

118
893
894
895
896
XCI De constantia. .
I
897
898
899
900
XCI De amicitia et humanitate. .
II
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
XCI De candore. .
V
918
919
920
921

119
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
XC De conversatione erudita. .
V
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
XC De ludicris. .
VI
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952

120
953
954
955
XC De morte et sepultura. .
VI
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
XC De providentia. .
VIII
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
XCI De angelis. .
X
978
979
980
981

121
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
C Clausula. ().
991 Cd sds [s audes] (age sis) quid adhuc restat? Hactenus nim ; ,
tradita (absit arrogantia dicto) utcumque sum adsecutus. [] .
992 Siccine? Hem, macte esto sedulitate ista. Restabit igitur, ut per hanc ; .
januam gressus, scientiarum et latinitatis palatia vivide lustrare
properes, et quae hic raptim aspexisti, uberius in autoribus bonis et / () () ,
probatis speculeris. [this seems to be the accent in L&S, not ]
,
,
.
993 Habes hic synopsin summatim et succincte complectentem ,
rudimenta qua Theologiae, qua Philosophiae, quae quasi per
periochas breves compendiario tibi definient ea quae commentatores ,
fse ac cpiose per paraphrases in suis exegeticis enucleant; nhil .
tamen tantopere necessarium omissum reor. .
994 Auctarii loco admoneo ut ad pietatem convertas omnia, ut , ,
Christicola orthodoxus cluas, et a fucatis fictisque
Pseudochristianis, qui nomine tenus tantum Christiani sunt, quam ( ) .
longissime absis; sitque Christus actuum et cogitationum tuarum .
Cynosra et Helic.
,
995 Scito nim fore propediem ut reddamus rationem omnium cum ,
venerit ut excitet ns et iudicet, bi manifesta et occulta patefient. . .
996 O beatos qui tunc eum propitium habebunt! Exultim una gaudebunt; ,
nn ambrosia et nectare (ut impie potantur ludiones potici) sed . ,
illius salutifera suavitate in sempiternum beandi. ,
.

122
997 Faxit miserator noster ut hic misericordia eius iustificati in charitate , ,
(sincero illo credentium coagulo) coalescamus. , , .
998 Tu ei confitere et vta vve, religioseque et fervide precando ,
penetralia aeternae mansionis penetra, ut iam nunc coelitibus
annumereris. .
999 Ave et vale. .
100 Jehovae Zebaoth, individuae ac sacrosanctae Trinitati, honor sit et
0 laus in saecula saeculorum, AMEN. . .

123