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Basic Environmental Engineering & Elementary Biology
Code: CH301
Contacts: 3L
Credits: 3
General
Basic ideas of environment, basic concepts, man, society & environment, their interrelationship. [1L]
Mathematics of population growth and associated problems, Importance of population study in
environmental engineering, definition of resource, types of resource, renewable, non-renewable,
potentially renewable, effect of excessive use vis-a-vis population growth, Sustainable
Development. [2L]
Materials balance: Steady state conservation system, steady state system with non conservative
pollutants, step function. [1L]
Environmental degradation: Natural environmental Hazards like Flood, earthquake, Landslide-
causes, effects and control/management; Anthropogenic degradation like Acid rain-cause, effects
and control. Nature and scope of Environmental Science and Engineering. [2L]
Ecology
Elements of ecology: System, open system, closed system, definition of ecology, species, population,
community, definition of ecosystem- components types and function. [1L]
Structure and function of the following ecosystem: Forest ecosystem, Grassland ecosystem, Desert
ecosystem, Aquatic ecosystems, Mangrove ecosystem (special reference to Sundar ban); Food chain
[definition and one example of each food chain], Food web. [2L]
Biogeochemical Cycle- definition, significance, flow chart of different cycles with only elementary
reaction [Oxygen, carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphate, Sulphur]. [1L]
Biodiversity- types, importance, Endemic species, Biodiversity Hot-spot, Threats to biodiversity,
Conservation of biodiversity. [ 2L]
Air pollution and control
Atmospheric Composition: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Tropopause
and Mesopause. [1L]
Energy balance: Conductive and Convective heat transfer, radiation heat transfer, simple global
temperature model [Earth as a black body, earth as albedo], Problems. [1L]
Green house effects: Definition, impact of greenhouse gases on the global climate and consequently
on sea water level, agriculture and marine food.Global warming and its consequence, Control of
Global warming. Earths heat budget. [1L]
Lapse rate: Ambient lapse rate Adiabatic lapse rate, atmospheric stability, temperature inversion
(radiation inversion). [ 2L]
Atmospheric dispersion: Maximum mixing depth, ventilation coefficient, effective stack height,
smokestack plumes and Gaussian plume model. [2L]
Definition of pollutants and contaminants, Primary and secondary pollutants: emission standard,
criteria pollutant.
Sources and effect of different air pollutants- Suspended particulate matter, oxides of carbon, oxides
of nitrogen, oxides of sulphur, particulate, PAN. [2L]
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Smog, Photochemical smog and London smog.
Depletion Ozone layer: CFC, destruction of ozone layer by CFC, impact of other green house gases,
effect of ozone modification. [1L]
Standards and control measures: Industrial, commercial and residential air quality standard, control
measure (ESP. cyclone separator, bag house, catalytic converter, scrubber (ventury), Statement with
brief reference). [1L]
Water Pollution and Control
Hydrosphere, Hydrological cycle and Natural water.
Pollutants of water, their origin and effects: Oxygen demanding wastes, pathogens, nutrients, Salts,
thermal application, heavy metals, pesticides, volatile organic compounds. 2L
River/Lake/ground water pollution: River: DO, 5 day BOD test, Seeded BOD test, BOD reaction rate
constants, Effect of oxygen demanding wastes on river[deoxygenation, reaeration], COD, Oil,
Greases, pH. [2L]
Lake: Eutrophication [Definition, source and effect]. [1L]
Ground water: Aquifers, hydraulic gradient, ground water flow (Definition only) [1L]
Standard and control: Waste water standard [BOD, COD, Oil, Grease], Water Treatment system
[coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation and filtration, disinfection, hardness and alkalinity,
softening] Waste water treatment system, primary and secondary treatments [Trickling filters,
rotating biological contractor, Activated sludge, sludge treatment, oxidation ponds] tertiary
treatment definition. [2L]
Water pollution due to the toxic elements and their biochemical effects: Lead, Mercury, Cadmium,
and Arsenic [1L]
Land Pollution
Lithosphere; Internal structure of earth, rock and soil [1L]
Solid Waste: Municipal, industrial, commercial, agricultural, domestic, pathological and hazardous
solid wastes; Recovery and disposal method- Open dumping, Land filling, incineration, composting,
recycling.
Solid waste management and control (hazardous and biomedical waste). [2L]
Noise Pollution
Definition of noise, effect of noise pollution, noise classification [Transport noise, occupational noise,
neighbourhood noise [1L]
Definition of noise frequency, noise pressure, noise intensity, noise threshold limit value, equivalent
noise level, L10 (18hr Index) , n Ld .
Noise pollution control. [1L]
Environmental Management:
Environmental impact assessment, Environmental Audit, Environmental laws and protection act of
India, Different international environmental treaty/ agreement/ protocol. [2L]
References/Books
1. Masters, G. M., Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, Prentice-Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd., 1991.
2. De, A. K., Environmental Chemistry, New Age International.
