University of Technology Building and Construction Engineering Department Roads and Bridges Section FOUNDATION ENGINEERING COURSE Subject:- Charts and Figures Related to Subjects Prepared by :- Prof. Dr. Kais Taha Shlash Course designation : geo. 01Figures / Site Investigation darts ee 0005-081 o-oo O51-05 18 LaS 9 Ho paseq sos smnues8 Jo ryfI04 wun pu ory mo G4 ono poreprosuos fyjeui04 pus qidap 1 9 moge “p toy sonyes yeoqandug re sav 7 wee ae 1 owes swossiog 30) suet anyon x0 Some, TANNA 13___Fiyaves / Site Investigation charts TABLE 34 Consistency of saturated cohesive suet Comite Me ny Vey g |B 02 Sctes btwn fngrs wen oem sot 2133 ss ry enlyexforaed by speeding Maan . oo Sir gig wis ard to deform by han queuing Veyeor « 9STRE tao ery bard to aform by band toe ES/eE >” Nest emp form by aod FIGURE “16 Soil dasiaton chart for standard eectric cone. se with caution andor together with rsovered tube samp. (afer Raterisor and Companla (98) Si Pave! Avitor’s fms exten Bans Fa J 1 Friction ito Fas 23a 5 2 chavis Figures / Site Investigation © FIGURE 318 Approximate lationship betwocn g, and ative deny D, as composite fom Schnertmann (1978) 1000) land Vilet and Mitchel (1981), Equation for OCR given by Schmertmann, Cone tip resistance ey lem? ico 90 S000 00 Fo normally Conscldaed satraed recent deposits (roncemested) + For overconsliated sands ‘oon Vera stress py KPa Cone beating g MPa Ree geen aee tetany ‘= Curve fam Meyerhof (19746) |] 7 r Folowig cues or epenann (1978) | aoe . ee t 3 ae alas?) ota # wise ant (as 4 2) SE ad 4 YM ea Kore £0) | eens = a i * | 5 aol Naa boN eae 5 “e Eo — | in | | ss | \} Ne} im | be \er | i. as 35 sw aS ant Ange of tera ition 8 1b Coretion beeen pa tion angle ang (6) Com beng es 9 reorhin, foc ucemte guar sncs von Robern nd Cempanela (1983) andi compote rom several ther research forts] FIGURE S.19 Correlations between cone data ad angle itera itive. charts Foundation Analysis Frets Bearing Capacity a Table 4-1 Bearing-capacity equations by the several authors indicated ‘Terzaghi (see Table 4-2 for typical values and for K,, values) Footing type a Continuous: 4, Ne" Yeostas + 2) w= ON, + GN, + O.5yBN, Square: Gun —13CN, + GN, +047BN, a= el9- 78-011 Round dun = L3CN, + GN, +03;BN, NN, =(N,—Ikcot d 0 = ant (Ae . ) a2 "2 Kcoste Meyerhof (see Table 4-3 for shape, depth, and inclination factors) Vertical load Gan = CNS de + ANG Syd, + OS/BN, 5,4, Inclined load: duu = ON, di, + AN gdyi, + 0.57BN, 4, i, ous) N, = (N,— Ucot ¥-4 N, =(N,— !) tan (1.46) Hansen (see Table 4-5 for shape, depth, and inclination factors) General, Gun = EN, 5, d. 1,9. be + GNg Sy yi 040, + O.SyBN, 5,4, i,9,6, when o=0 use fun = SAMS +8, +d B= GG N, = same as Meyerhof above N, = same as Meyethof above N, = LAN, = I) tan b Page | of 6charts Foundation Analysis Figures /” Bearing Capacity @) Table 4-2 Bearinp-capacity factors for the Terzaghi equations Values of N, for ¢ of 34 and 48°,’are original Terzaghi values and used to back-compute K,, for forward computations of N, by author bdeg N, N kK 0 32 10 00 = 108 5 13 16 05 122 10 9.6 aq 1200147 15 129 44 25 186 20 127 74 50 25.0 25 25.1 127 97.350 30 372 2S 197 $20 34 526 36.8 36.0" 35 318414 424 820 40 95.7 813. 1004-1410 48 1723 1733 297.5 2980 48 2583-2879 780.1 50 347.5 415.1 1153.2 800.0 Table 4-3 Shape, depth, and inclination factors for she Meyenhof equations of Table 4-1 Depth Inclination +02VK,2 went a = angle of resultant measured from vertical axis When triaxial ¢ is used for plane strain, may adjust to obtain %, —_ B hasan 2b Page 2 of 6chuts Foundation Analysis, Figures / Bearing Capacity ©) Table 4-4 Bearing-capacity factors for the Meyerhof and Hansen bearing-capacity equations Note that N, and N, are same for both equations ddeg ON, Ny Nan N,N, 2tangit-sing® — Niay* ° S16 100 0 $ 65 16 Ol 024 OS 1 0 43 23. 06 080 Ue os 45 110 39 036 029 1 20 148 64 043032 29 25 207 107 ast ast 68 30 301, 184 ast 029 67, 35 46.1 333 or a2s v1 40 753 642 08s 021 937 45 1339 1349 101.7 2627 30 2669 3190 120013 873.7 * Nyae = Meyerhof value Figure 4-4 Footings on or adjacent toa slope.charts Foundation Analysis Figurts / Bearing Capacity @ ‘Table 45 Shape, depth, inclination, and other factors for use i the Hansen bearing capacity equation ia Table 41 “Table combie om Haron 970 De Ber (970 and Ves (1979, Pred ltrs for ndrind|U]atnsiins tod =O ape oe } a | tate | Gandia ¢ 02m Ds I eas 0s TMA, a - wer ovanance pet {ec gn, | banat d 00 : dat ome + Ant cote 2 poe _ pene Bo Base factors (se figure) steamune | qetszmaiinor2 ose here tbl pond wt 09 ant Tawane mtr | (ieee | sonata, I Supt won Table 45 cond ‘= ec footing eth = L— 2e, 1 Seo ung wath = B= 2g 1 = cep of etn in ros cove, = soem of lad ih eps 10 ene of ting ee . = chenon fb (ange intra tion os 11, “oad components parallel a prpenticl to feta. epectively {an 6 cectet oii Btmen long and base a ane 8 = fr ‘nciee poured on grand [Sele avd Hors (1967}) 1.y-~ as shown ie aesompanying gre wi pose deo shown Noe o tot vie shape acre im combination oth ication factors Use and 4 ely in ‘Srbioaton of wih and. Whet ata @ is wed for plantain condons one may lato oban: y= (yu thors gestion Boy Tet Pan > 307 Liat W'S Van 8+ ey re) ose ness Page 4 of 6“Table 4-5 Shape, depth, inclination, xd other factors for mse i the Hansen bearing capacity equation in Table 4-1 “ate conbie to Hanae (170, De Ber (1970 and Ve 19791 Prine tat Toren (Ueonaiion ued @ =O a sept ~ co 02m se |(=as-ontotiag | a -¥ lehman 00 elena poe fect ; i al Lr one ose Penman) } ee __ ee: | oomene el | aD | osu sctemmine | qeterimat mor? pee rroener for boron round we b= 00 1 2a gh gt bet wer every orion groend ‘oping pours Sep(-2y a0 4) avec = set fad ith expect 10 center of ong sea = ctenon fb = mio era fhexon of si 1, — ond components paral sd prpnsiculr to oon, espety {an 5 cotioet oration btnen fog ad base 0 ae B= 1 ‘Since poured on ground [Sen ad Hore (967) ty =. sown in sscompaniog gure wih pose Seton howe Ler Do aot ue thape nara in combination with ieination for. Use dy and ely a ‘Emtnation o ih dg aed. When Wail @ wed for pasta condions, te may bajost te obtain: B= yma iho Seton a1" Paes > 307 Limatons M3 0 8+ 6; Tao ose reserFoundation Analys pees s Figares [ weating Capacity (B) ag ih tea eretatet : H : i Refer to Fig. 44 for variable identification. Base values (8 = 0) may be used when length or area ratios> 1 or when b/B > 1.5 to 20 (approximate). Values given should cover usual range of footing location and depth of embedment Table 4-7 Bearing-capacity factors N., N, for footings on (6/8 = 0) or adjacent to a slope aa kk £8 add $3 a a8 : ae RE 28 38 3B 2g 38 38 a ad je be be 3 fg aie R @ 2 RRTS Page 5 of 6clarts yundation Analysis Figurts Z Bearing Capacity © T ) “| go ae ] | a | we (et nme || ‘ eT fa | | | Vj 2 4 Sa 12 10 08 06 Oa O20 CoO kee (erCicies tangent to lower layer, Serer as OF OTT a TTS ZO eee ele Lyi ft ft ty t | 0 tI amet. | Caria us se ake ah |} I Figure 43 Bearing-capacity factors for a footing located on a two-layer cohesive soil system, with cobesion in each layer as shown. [After Reddy and Srinivasan (1967) Page 6 of 6charts @O Figures / Bearing Capacity of Foundation TABLE 4-1 Bearing-capacity equations by the several authors indicated Terzaghi (see Table 4-2 for typical values and for Kp, values) Gan = CNS + GNg + 0.59 (2) = cl0-7Se-sin tae = (N= Noot d For: strip round square s=10 13 13 = 10 06 08 Meyerhof (see Table 4-3 for shape, depth, and inclination factors) Vertical load: gay = oNSde + GNgSydy + 0.5YBN, 5,4, Inclined load: qu = CNedee + ON dig + O.57BN di, Nea ere tant (45 + ¢) Nem (Ne Deot d 1, = (N= 1) tan (1.46) Hansen (see Table 4-5 for shape, depth, and other factors) General Gon = eNeSdiegcb. + BNqSedeiaB abe + 0.SYBN.S.4,i0,b, when o=0 use Gan SAAS + 5, + de i 9+ ‘ame as Meyerhof above sme as Meyerhof above tang Vesié (see Table 4-5 for shape, depth, and other factors) Use Hansen's equations above N, = same as Meyerhof above Ne= same as Meyerhof above N,=2N, + DianFigtres | Bearing Capacity of Foundation TABLE 42 Bearing-capacity factors for the Terzaghi equations Values of N, for $ of 34 and 48° are original Terzaghi values and used to back-compute K,, deg Ne Kn 0 sat 10 00 108 5 73 16 os 122 10 96 27 12 147 1s 29 44 25 186 20 9 14 50 250 25 251 127 97 350 30 372 ns 197 20 4 526 365 360 35 518 414 24 820 0 987 813 1004 1410 4s 1723 173.3 215 (2980 48 2583, 2873 780.1 50 3475 4151 115328000 tatseed TABLE 43 Shape, depth, and inclination factors for the Meyerhof bearing-capacity equation of Table 4-1 Factors Value For B a 2K, ny Shape: 02K, 7 Any ¢ Depth 4 = 14020K,2 Any 6 qe = 1+ 01K 10 a o> Where Ky = tan? (4S + 9/2) a8 on Fig. 4-2 3 = angle of resultant menuited fram vertical without sign BL, = previously defined 26TABLE 44 Bearing-capacity factors for the Meyerhof, Hansen, and Vesié bearing- capacity equations NNote that N_and W, are same for all three methods; subscripts identify author for N, Me Me Nan Naas Nien NUN 2 tam (4 ~ sin ° si4 10000 ass 000 5 6 16 lO oss 10 342500 O42 0286 2a 15 939226389 0294 2 i430 642929 Sa a ans 25, 27 1076868109 oa 2s meas 879 BOOB 0308 8 2 187 10912870370 0299 3030) aS 157 SOLO 0289 2 3847 232-208 0020653 0276 Mo a2te dT L468 0262 36 505s 377400 44552786 a2 8 6131489 S61 kD 77997 02s 47825 6Al 79493603882 o2i4 4132737 200526233 1.007 oan 0 26650 318S— S674 BTIT_—76L3_—_L195 asi y FIGURE 44 Method of computing efetve footing dimensions when footing is eccentrcally loaded for both tectangularand round bases. 3-6charts J Bearing Capacity of Foundation © eating aay Ni for og no ace 9 ape isi ti beth sony mayan a> aren» 155020 pe ee hoteles tn ph eae bons Wao panes bane wane é oom mr fsa eas uss aie 18) ° is te Vo Ke Ge [ie te fn a [tas maze Nez basis sais . is te [tee Ge jie tn "Sa inn sete [tot FIGURE 46 Footings on or adacet toa spe. 46arts. . Figures / Bearing Capacity of Foundation @ FIGURE 47 Aloe baring cepacty for sure loaded footings wih scemant lied to epprosimtely 25mm. Fyuations aed ae shown om Bgure, Depth adjust alo shown. 1 soe TABLE 49 Values of customary safety factors Failure mode Foundation type SF Shear Earthworks Dam, fils, etc Shear Retaining structure Walls Shear Sheetpiling cofferdams Braced excavations, (temporary) Shear Footings Spread 23 Mat 17.25 Uplift 17-25 Seepage Uplift, heaving 15-25 Piping 35charts Evgures J Bearing Capacity of Foundation FABLE 410 TABLE SS, Foundation loads Load Iclades ead foad (DL) ‘Weight of sructare and all permanently attached materia Live toad (LL) ‘Any load not permanently attached to the structure, But to which the siructure may be subjected Seow load (3) ‘Acts or roofs value to be used generally stipulated by codes Wind load (W) ‘Acts on exposed parts of structure Earthquake (E) A lateral fore (usually) which acts on the structure Hydrostatic (HS) ‘Any loads due to water pressure and may be either (+) of (~) arth pressure ED) a die to esth preeuncomvrunouly tical Dut ay be i other directions Equations for stress-strain modulus £, by several test methods E,inkPaforSPTandunitsofforCPT:éividekPaby SOtoobtainkst The Nvalusshouldbeesimatedss Nos and not Noo seit SPT cer Sand (normally consolidated) Ey = SOKN + 15) B= (13000 t9 22000) in N £4 = (35000 to $0000) log 8 Sand (eaturated) E,=230(N 15) Sand (overconsolidted) Bs} = 18000 + 750 acon Pen (OCR) Gravelly sand and gravel, E,= 12000 +6) F=60N+6) NSIS E,=800N +6) +200 N>15 (Cayey sand = RN + 15) Silty sand E> 20QN +6) Soft cay : Using the undrained shea clay p> Wor organic I< Wor sit Exoce = Bae (OCR)? £00 0 15005, {vest 970 {Aathors equation fom pst of D'Appoania [USSR ard may not be standard How cout, Une surees Eoroenn Coolereneson Sandan Pectin Testing (1974 vol 21, pp. 50-151; Novant Tsu pp. 720-737; Um of In Ste Tess In Geter Enginetng, ASCE (180), p11, Mace! 458 Gare tons. (0970SRN, / Settlement @ “ee $7 Peminin real baling ope he USSR cde ‘Sesecmrectanaey es ema ed pte “Table $6 Tolerable ditreatil settlements of buildings in ‘ne om emer + In for various-shaped members and for flexible and rigid footings Flexible Rigid Gener Comer Average de 100 - O64(edee) OX ORR 80 12086 0 an 7 136 oem 1.06 ) 130 210108 0 2s a7 22s 210 401200 Ere) Bao + bee (1962) + Others bave used the valve 0.79 = 9/4 forthe rigk-footing influence factor for ekeular footings ee “Tle3 Mypage ator Pee aig. 27. Consolidation ratio as function of depth and tie factor: uiform inital sxtes pore pressure a 3 Ce io Teter i Fig 273 Average consoldation rato: liner intl exces pore pressure. (6) Graphical interpretation of average console tion ratio. (8) U versus 7,/ Single Piles ~ Static Capacity Charts Figures [X9261) foysotazy 403fy] suonepunos deep 503 si012e} Ayoedes-dunseag 191 awn (6x9 205 243m paysep) Uy = 4/7 200 = @ "aN OOL = 2 mq, aydueng se ous *¢ dure 1 E= IN UURIQO 9 ce = H/T WOH padwerg se owes z aduex I = 9) eax O81 =v ‘Or, se Aponp 2N poe uitigo or « 97¢ sours OTE = 9PO/ST aINdWOD duno yidap jeouuy wo sf 18-01 = "7 PUL St=e (ur gL) Wop =a yop) wis = 73 ada wow a Spo NON sioIsey Anoedeo SuLeR, 13ELLOS s | Single viles - static Capacity FIGURE 16-15 kPa Relationship between soil and 50 100" 150 200 adhesion factor. Refer to 1.50) ] Table 16-3 for curve-number | ‘dentification, [After Tomlinson (1971), API (1984), Adhesion factor, a | | 1 r i 0 1 2 3 Undrained shear strength (c,), ksf TABLE 163 Values of adhesion factors for piles driven into stiff to very stiff cohesive soils for designt - Adbesion Case Soll conditions Penetration ratiot factor, 1 Sands or sandy gravels overlying ito <0 13s ‘very stiff cohesive so >» Fig 6.tta 2 Soft clays or silts overlying sito very 820 Fig 16.110 3 Stiff to very stiff cohesive soils without 3 20 1 Ate Tomaso (197 depth of penetration nto oben sl Pesci tio PR = : “amet frecharts ; : : Froaves / Single Piles — Static Capacity FIGURE 17-6 Pileload test data. This is actual pile-load test for ple Cof Prob. 16:7 with data shown in Fig, PIG-7, Pile is in-diameter pipe wth 0312-n wall and 50% long (a) Urual method of presenting data (9) plot of oad versus et settlement computed as showa on the figure (c)Typicl pile load test setup using Adjacent piles in group for reaction Pile load, ips Pite load, kips a THT 268 ~ 215) ° * Settlement, in (a) Unal method of presenting data (6) Plot of load vs. net setderent computed as shown on the figure, Any suitable anchorage system Two of more ste! I or W shapes me Load pate oautnete Yo scene —t—Q] | | fordat oes Test el Reaeraressn e () Typical pile load test setup using adjacent piles in group for reaction, ee 3at once erenbs wos | 2270 9D aBed yo uossndene Kmeedung | grup | x01 soumury Supsy-21qnog Sa 20 we19 fog, | wom | 2 60 sunueyy Sunoy-ofsurg alow lg ot aeeajar 208i ‘roururepy dos, Dawe | 7 80 parezado yout ‘zourureyy dor, eo | = x soon 208 ex | wa | > x ung, = nota 9d apd yo woneaoiad 30 95 | wer | to usu 4 ones agro pue » 20181 J 7 y + Wapyyeoy soumeE_—1H AGEL ro see 7 vou SHAVUD GNV SATSVL * BEER non foams sTOaWAS—VINWNOI ATT 1-5RE, / tile Capacity - Dynamic Anais Concrete | Concrete | Conerete| Stee! | Stee! Pte Jor Steet | Box use | Pies | Pites t Pies Overall Pite a a QZQZ@® Ze (|Z)/QiO|LiO Diagram of Pile Areas (shown hatched) eight wage Measurement of Temporary Compression 25Pile Capacity ~ Dynamic Analysis Figures . Charts 20N 2N wth Hos aaysaqoo yos = 21000 40 fz. z wt ‘Os 241s2qc0 PIEH ni Str | ‘ror meogen-ooye ae = Po Gamaps 7 sponge apo Scum a. pomess 30 sdk, so enaing | Aso rg ‘ayy pamusiap soumetou ESPN ‘ATES JO $401eI—ED VEL eID ON +0] s0_| apd wo Apsonp soma [mere 50 — Pa we sap i ec G2 £0 |, soqamy wpa dea Som To uy] |S so | 50 | -a2o19 20 onemiy ot arog sna deg mater so 5 an io ped wim eas +0 : 3 mmx09 eo anromany, : so =] : — ~ — 2 amy + wonrpuc a 7 ey | eat peop PreK wth, RONSIOISSS — U Sits TS HdvES | 230 sanTeA—Z0 2148. 5 tia Beg or sos Bug fo ronsny ve 3S/ ®ile Capacity — Dynamic Analysis @ charts Fisares I L t SuvNO GNAONS - eS ‘99 Hava L i Salld Ysenil - do 9 Haves Wo. sorter Sustoog fo souorssoyy 2) Hdv¥S smi ais | S31d 3LBYDNOO- | [ €9Haveo | sone Buss0og fo sounysssoyycharts __Fryares FIGURE 173 Seema f sever pie Ramune Steam or ae intake (o) Sigeacting tammer. AL bottom of tre, ake opent with stem peso rat ing ram At top of lit seam is shut off und ‘intake becomes exhaust allowing ram tall. Ram Ss Inte and exhaust Fol | igmcige | Aas | —capboek op Pie \f-—— Optional pie cushion (6) Diese hammer. Crane inal i ram. Rami leu end falls at select pois foes injected. Rar collides with av gig fo Renting explosion drives pile and ite ram Aor nent ee / Pile Capacity — Dynamic Analysis () Dovblesetig hammer, Ram ia down [positon tie 2 which opens ink ad cower ‘chs valves at Band shuts inlet and opens ‘baste 4; barmer then rises om ste fpremore at B, Ram i up poaiion tape SI, ‘which sha inletB and opens exhaust valve A moat lose stam enter and scelrates ‘am downvard. 4 by + (4) Vioatory harm, External poner sour: (ekctse motor or eectricarven ydrab ‘Pomp rolses comic weights in relative Grections shown. Horizonial free compe- ens cancl—vercal force components ad+ hart: . . aats / Pile Gopacity ~Donsnie approacta © os Etvciency of blow Oo" 9 ° TOF 18 153853085 Fig 1 Determination af efficiency factor 1. for ute m the Hiley pile driving formula, after BSP Pocket Book (1969) 9 ° 8 7| 364 S| wa 3 ona, aah yar eiigstre ome Geol eae $i 2 Determination of temporary elastic corspresion Ce, after BSP Pocket Book 1969) ‘ey: A~ concrete ple, 73 mm packing under helmet; = conerete or see ple helmet with dolly or head of tbe pile C= 25 mm pad only an head of RC ple 25 = ss 2 7 : fo ds et | 0 4 pee = s ol - ml 6 s ¥ 5 ‘ctu! driving stresse_Ay anit eat pre ores Fig: 3. Determination of temporary elastic compression Cp, for concrete ples, after BSP Packet Book (1969) Sy30 10 180 7% Acwe! driving sresse_A (niet ‘Retwal pe oreo re 4. Determination of tempore eat ompreon Cy forse ples efter BSP Peck Book (1969) 15 a twin? ving stress Ketmat pe ore Ket % rg $+ Determination of temporary late compreson Cp for tmber pies. fer 3SP Pocket Book (1969) “C ss 4 = sik aT $3 zi 2 ol LL or er ‘overot ding stresie _Ay___(MN IH) rane Fa & Determination oF Gemporary elastde CB ninoterevstonce PH; f 7 Sos “ 2 aa 30 “es ‘ dl 5 TOS Foo te Fg’? sign chart forthe Janbu ple diving formulecharts are S Be (on) ba * (11) >a Bursn “yy syuatoyya09 aunssud yyara aarssed quuojno;y Busn °y swuaisyjsos aunssasd ques aayse quiojno; zn aiavi rugtav 1-2/ Lateral Earth Pressure Charts —_Fimares ousz7t 0992'0 =~ - - -- -- - ov ge00'z cctc't eves geztt =~ -- -- -- se Ove9'z z208E"z 46072 6928°T SO<5'T ¥90E°T 099070 -~ = oe Q2eee 2996°2 85L9°2 BEGL 2 VSE'Z eoet T9997 K Evew't geLT Tr Sz prose 2925°€ BBBI-E eses'Z TT9'Z OIE? 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