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The document describes several programming paradigms including their main traits and related paradigms. The paradigms discussed are imperative, declarative, functional, structured, automata-based, object-oriented, event-driven, and procedural programming. For each paradigm, a brief description and examples of commonly used programming languages that follow that paradigm are provided.

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Kristian Shyti
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17 views

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The document describes several programming paradigms including their main traits and related paradigms. The paradigms discussed are imperative, declarative, functional, structured, automata-based, object-oriented, event-driven, and procedural programming. For each paradigm, a brief description and examples of commonly used programming languages that follow that paradigm are provided.

Uploaded by

Kristian Shyti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Paradigm Description Main traits Examples


paradigm(s)

Programs
Direct assignments,
as statements that directly
common data C, C++, Java, PHP, Python, R
Imperative change
structures, global uby
computed state (datafield
variables
s)

Fourth-generation
SQL, regular
Defines program logic, but languages, spreadshee
Declarative expressions, CSS, Prolog, O
not detailed control flow ts, report program
WL, SPARQL
generators

Lambda
Treats computation as the C++,[1] Clojure, Coffeescript,[
calculus, compositional
evaluation 2]Elixir, Erlang, F#, Haskell, Li
ity, formula, recursion,
Functional of mathematical Declarative sp, Python, Ruby, Scala, Sequ
referential
functions avoiding state a enceL, Standard
transparency, no side
nd mutable data ML, JavaScript
effects

A style of imperative Structograms, indentati


Structured programming with more on, no or limited use Imperative C, C++, Java, Python
logical program structure of goto statements

State enumeration, con


Treats programs as a
trol
Automata-based model of a finite state Imperative, Abstract State Machine
variable, state changes
programming machine or any other event-driven Language
, isomorphism, state
formal automata
transition table

Objects,
methods, message
passing, information Common
Treats datafields as object
hiding, data Lisp, C++, C#, Eiffel, Java, Ja
Object-oriented s manipulated through Procedural
abstraction, encapsulat vaScript, PHP, Python, Ruby,
predefined methods only
ion, polymorphism, inh Scala
eritance, serialization-
marshalling

Control flow is determined


Event-driven Main loop, event
mainly by events, such Procedural, data JavaScript, ActionScript, Visual
handlers, asynchronou
as mouse clicks or flow Basic, Elm
including time-driven s processes
interrupts including timer

Derived from structured


Local variables,
programming, based on
sequence, Structured,
Procedural the concept of modular C, C++, Lisp, PHP, Python
selection, iteration, imperative
programming or
and modularization
the procedure call

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