ISSN 2278-3091

Volume 6, No.3, May - June 2017

International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering
Shubham Dhoke and Sandip A. Desai, International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 6(3), May - June 2017, 57-
61 Available Online at http://www.warse.org/IJATCSE/static/pdf/file/ijatcse07632017.pdf

Advanced Method to Detect Railway Track Damage Using

Raspberry pie and Internet of Things
Shubham Dhoke1, Sandip A. Desai 2
1
B.E Department of ETC, YCCE, Nagpur, India , [email protected]
2
Assistant Professor, YCCE, Nagpur, India, [email protected]

ABSTRACT
2. OBJECTIVE OF SYSTEM
The main objective of this paper is to make a simple, effective Major Derailments occur in Railways due to track damage or
and portable robot for the identification of major railway track fissures resulting in loss of life and property. At all the
damages using Raspberry pie and Internet of things. It also uses a railway stations there is a particular demarcated area known
GPS system to get the exact location of the damaged track. A as yard region, which is track circuited. Track circuiting is
robot will move across the railway track with IR sensors placed the electric wiring on the railway tracks. The area where
on it to detect flaw on the track. Its location will be traced and track circuiting is done can be easily monitored by the station
will be transmitted to the main server. Many projects have been master at the control room. So any flaw in the track can
already done on this topic earlier using image processing but this easily be detected in its nascent stage and can be mended.
paper mainly focuses on identifying the demarcated areas of track But track circuiting cant be done on each and every area
circuit on which there is no such arrangements are done to detect covering railway lines(mid-section area).In the present
any flaw in the track with the help of latest technologies. It will scenario some gang men are assigned to monitor and do
also reduce the responsibilities of human to manually check the patrolling for the same, which sometimes prove to be
track damages. ineffective due to negligence. Hence we have designed a
compact automatic robot to monitor these areas (mid-section
area) for any crack or fissure. Here, as soon as the robot
Key wordsRaspberry pie, Internet of Things, GPS, Sensors detects the crack, exact location will be sent to the main
server through gps and optimum actions can be taken further.
1. INTRODUCTION
Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and
passengers in India. Railways also make it possible to conduct 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM
multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, and pilgrimage
along with transportation of goods over longer distances. Apart
from an important means of transport the Indian Railways have
been a great integrating force for more than 150 years. Railways
in India bind the economic life of the country as well as
accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture. But
today I have to say with a grave sense of disappointment that this
system is full of conventional stereotypes that have existed since
the advent of railways in 1948, one such being the gruesome state
of the employees who play a pivotal role in the lucid management
and safety of this huge network. India may have risen up the
ranks on terms of quantity (of passengers and revenue) but sadly
not in technological advancements.
One caustic fact is that whole of railway network is largely
dependent on man force rather than machines for track review
and flaw detection in the tracks. No matter how deft there eyes
are, humans do err, significantly more than machines. Moreover,
the conditions in which these gang-men have to live are quite Figure 1: Block Diagram
grim, being constantly under the threat of wild animals during the
nightfall at odd locations in addition to falling prey railway
mishaps themselves. So this Major track damage detection
system is an effort to ameliorate the present day scenario.

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Shubham Dhoke and Sandip A. Desai, International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 6(3), May - June 2017, 57-61

4. WORKING For implementing the process over the internet there are two
things which most important i.e. client and server in which the
client is robot which is moving and sensing the input for damages
and the server is the python terminal of the person who is
monitoring the coordinates of GPS for cracks. There can be a two
way communication between the client and server .For an
example if a crack is identified and to prevent the robot to be
damage the server side person gives the command to the robot
move in reverser direction so that will not get damage. In the
same manner locations can be send to the server. The data
transmission speed may varies according to the internet speed of
the router and its a wireless network the router which is used is a
portable router of small size.
The major difference between the projects done so far on this
issues are not stressed on the demarcated area is not fully
connected to the railway station tracking region. So taking this
point into consideration all the components are selected .

The mechanism works on a simple principle i.e. the robot will

move on the railway track continuously and as soon as the IR
sensors gets the input signal low, it will stops the robot and sends
the exact location of that point to the server via Internet.
In the given flowchart given above the sensor inputs are
connected to the GPIO pins of raspberry pie and follows the
sequence when the input of the GPIO pins become low (i.e zero)
the sensors goes out of the loop and sends the signal so that GPS
trace the location the sends the coordinates to the raspberry pie
script. Python script is written in such a manner that it gives the Figure 2: Actual Robot with IR sensor
data value in latitude and longitude form. As soon as the
coordinates are available the data again sends to over the internet 5. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
to the server so that it should get updated over the website or over The system contains both hardware & software components
the clients python terminal. The data of coordinates are sent which are given as following:
through the USB Wi-Fi dongle connected over internet. In the
other condition in the flowchart if the input signal becomes high
that means the inductive sensor still sensing the metal so it keeps Hardware Components:
on moving on the track for identifying the major cracks. A. Raspberry pie: Raspberry pie 2B model
For doing so, a laptop is connected to router and the raspberry pie
is also connected to the router so the IP address of the raspberry is Broadcom BCM2837Arm7 Quad Core Processor powered
obtain through the routers detail configurations and after getting Single Board Computer running at 900MHz
the IP address of the raspberry pie, put that IP address in TA 1GB RAM so you can now run bigger and more powerful
software called Putty. The detail information about putty applications
software is given below section , it is basically a secure shell Identical board layout and footprint as the Model B+, so all
software given an environment for working over a network. After cases and 3rd party add-on boards designed for the Model B+
putting the IP address login in the terminal using user id and will be fully compatible.
password and doing this we need a graphical user interface to Fully HAT compatible
work on raspberry pie scripts in a user friendly way for doing so a 40pin extended GPIO to enhance your real world projects.
software called VNC server is install on raspberry pie, again put GPIO is 100% compatible with the Model B+ and A+
the IP address on the VNC server and login in it. After login open boards. First 26 pins are identical to the Model A and Model
python script and run the script written for the sensors and GPS B boards to provide full backward compatibility across all
and as soon the crack is identified by the sensor the coordinates boards.
are transmitted over Internet via USB Wi-Fi dongle connected to
Connect a Raspberry Pi camera and touch screen display
the raspberry pie. In this whole process the router act as a channel
(each sold separately)
for transmitting the data and receiving the data through laptop and
Stream and watch Hi-definition video output at 1080P
also providing the internet to both the devices.

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Shubham Dhoke and Sandip A. Desai, International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 6(3), May - June 2017, 57-61

Micro SD slot for storing information and loading your generates an electrostatic field at the face of the sensor. The
operating systems. sensor face is surrounded by a guard with equal potential so
Advanced power management: that the electric field will be focused towards the target. The
You can now provide up to 1.2 AMP to the USB port capacitance varies inversely with gap distance and directly
enabling you to connect more power hungry USB devices with the dielectric medium as well as the surface area of the
directly to the Raspberry PI. (This feature requires a 2Amp target
micro USB Power Supply) It can be tuned to detect a wide range of powder, liquid or
10/100 Ethernet Port to quickly connect the Raspberry Pi to solid materials. It is also possible to detect the presence or
the Internet absence of materials within a barrier or package when the
Combined 4-pole jack for connecting your stereo audio out dielectric of the material is greater than the barrier or
and composite video out packaging. Capacitive sensors can also be used as a limit
switch, for level detection, object detection and for counting
purposes.
B. Global Positioning System (GPS):GlobalSat BU353 S4 USB PNP is a transistor output that switches the positive voltage
Receiver to the load; load connected between sensor output and
Standalone GPS receiver Dimension: 22mmX30mm voltage supply common or negative.
U-blox NEO-6M GPS module Height: 13mm
Under 1 second time-to-first-fix for hot
SuperSense Indoor GPS: -162 dBm tracking
sensitivity Weight: 12g
Anti-jamming technology
Support SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN)
u-blox 6 50 channel positioning engine with over 2 million
effective correlators
Timepulse
5Hz position update rate
Operating temperature range: -40 TO 85C UART TTL
socket

Compatible with:
- Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, XP
- MAC OSX 10.3 and above
- Android 3.1 and above Figure 4: Inductive Proximity Sensor
D. USB WiFi Dongle: Edimax ew-7811un

Frequency Band : 2.4 GHz

Interface (Bus) Type : USB 2.0

Wireless Network Adapter

Data Link Protocol : IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE

802.11n

Features : Green WLAN, Quality of Service (QoS), Wi-Fi

Figure 3: GPS module Multimedia (WMM) support, Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)

C. Industrial IR sensors: Capactive PNP Sensors Compliant Standards : IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE
802.11n, IEEE 802.1x, USB 1.1, USB 2.0, Wi-Fi
Capacitive proximity sensors use the face or surface of the CERTIFIED, Wi-Fi Protected Setup
sensor as one plate of a capacitor, and the surface of a
conductive or dielectric target object as the other. The Data Transfer Rate : 150 Mbps
capacitance varies inversely with the distance between
capacitor plates in this arrangement, and a certain value can Wi-Fi Bands : 2.4Ghz
be set to trigger target detection.
This sensors measure the proximity of conductive as well as
E. Motors : Dc Geared 300 RPM Motors
non-conductive objects with high resolution. Analogous to
the function of an inductive proximity sensor, where a Motor Driver IC: L298N H-Bridge IC
magnetic field is generated, a capacitive proximity sensor Driver: L298N

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Shubham Dhoke and Sandip A. Desai, International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 6(3), May - June 2017, 57-61

Driver power supply: +5V~+46V Linux

Driver Io: 2A Advanced GUI
Logic power output Vss: +5~+7V (internal supply +5V) Updated applications like Sense Hat
Logic current: 0~36mA More user friendly
Controlling level: Low -0.3V~1.5V, high: 2.3V~Vss
Enable signal level: Low -0.3V~1.5V, high: 2.3V~Vss B. Programming language:Python
Max power: 25W (Temperature 75 Celsius)
The diverse application of the Python language is a result of the
Working temperature: -25C~+130C
combination of features which give this language an edge over
Dimension: 60mm*54mm others. Some of the benefits of programming in Python include:
Driver weight: ~48g
Other extensions: current probe, controlling direction 1. Presence of Third Party Modules:
indicator, pull-up resistor switch, logic part power supply. The Python Package Index (PyPI) contains numerous third-party
modules that make Python capable of interacting with most of the
Figure 5: USB WiFi Dongle
other languages and platforms.

2. Extensive Support Libraries:

Python provides a large standard library which includes areas like
internet protocols, string operations, web services tools and
operating system interfaces. Many high use programming tasks
have already been scripted into the standard library which reduces
length of code to be written significantly.

3. Open Source and Community Development:

Python language is developed under an OSI-approved open
source license, which makes it free to use and distribute,
including for commercial purposes.

Further, its development is driven by the community which

collaborates for its code through hosting conferences and mailing
lists, and provides for its numerous modules.

4. Learning Ease and Support Available:

F. Router : Python offers excellent readability and uncluttered simple-to-
learn syntax which helps beginners to utilize this programming
JioFi Wifi Router
language. The code style guidelines, PEP 8, provide a set of rules
to facilitate the formatting of code. Additionally, the wide base of
users and active developers has resulted in a rich internet resource
bank to encourage development and the continued adoption of the
language.

5. User-friendly Data Structures:

Python has built-in list and dictionary data structures which can
be used to construct fast runtime data structures. Further, Python
also provides the option of dynamic high-level data typing which
reduces the length of support code that is needed.

6. Productivity and Speed:

Python has clean object-oriented design, provides enhanced
process control capabilities, and possesses strong integration and
Figure 6: JioFi Wifi Router
text processing capabilities and its own unit testing framework,
all of which contribute to the increase in its speed and
productivity. Python is considered a viable option for building
complex multi-protocol network applications.

Software Components:
A. Raspberry pie OS: Raspbian Jessie operating system .
The Raspbian operating system is based on Debian

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Shubham Dhoke and Sandip A. Desai, International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 6(3), May - June 2017, 57-61

C. Website: HTML based website for displaying locations. [5] Risk Analysis of Derailment Induced by Rail Breaks a
Probabilistic approach, Jianmin Zhao, University of
D. Putty Software : Birmingham, Andrew H. C. Chan, Professor, University of
Birmingham, Alan B.
[6] S. Ramesh Detection of Cracks and Railway Collision
It is a free and open-source terminal emulator, serial Avoidance System, International Journal of Electronic and
console and network file transfer application. It supports Electrical Engineering ISSN 0974 -2174 Volume 4, Number
several network protocols, 3 (2011), pp. 321-327
including SCP, SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw socket [7] Raspberry Pi 2 Model B 1GB Technical Specificat...
connection. It can also connect to a serial port. |element14 | Raspberry Pi 2www.element14.com
[8] Benefits of Python over Other Programming Languages :
PuTTY was originally written for Microsoft Windows, but Invensis Blogwww.invensis.net
it has been ported to various other operating systems. Official
ports are available for some Unix-like platforms, with work-
in-progress ports to Classic Mac OS and macOS, and
unofficial ports have been contributed to platforms such
as Symbian, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone.
IT supports many variations on the secure remote terminal,
and provides user control over the SSH encryption key and
dynamic port forwarding with SSH
(including X11 forwarding).

6. ADVANTAGES
1. Track status will be available online on website.

2. Dependency on manual work will be reduced.

3. Robots embedded with temperature sensors can be

useful to know the atmospheric conditions of certain
location.

4. Railways become more relaible

5. Costing for implementing this concept will not cost

much.

6. Speed of the Bot can be controlled online.

7. With some modification in the design it can be made

aerial in emergency cases.

8. It does not require more electricity.

REFERENCES

[1] P.addagatla, G.Koteshwar Rao A Modern method for

detecting cracks in railway tracks by the efficient
utilization of LDR and LED systems.(IJESI)
ISSN:2319:6726
[2] A.Vanimiredd, D.A.Kumari Automatic broken track
detection using LED-LDR assembly International Journal
of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4
Issue7- July 2013
[3] M. Singh, S.Singh1,J.Jaiswal, J. Hempshall Autonomus
rail track inspection using vision based system .IEEE
International Conference on Computational Intelligence for
Homeland Security and Personal Safety . pp 56- 59, October
2006.
[4] Babenko, P., Shah, M.: MinGPU: a minimum GPU library
for computer vision. IEEE Journal of Real-Time Image
Processing, Vol. 3, pp. 255-268, 2008.

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