International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)
Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp: (14-24), Month: April 2016 - September 2016, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Design, Simulate and Analyze Cafeteria System
Using Arena
M.Nizam Aqil
Industrial Engineering Department, University Of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan
Abstract: An effort is made to simulate and analyze Local Cafeteria and to increase profit using software Arena
(Student version). Arena logics are made to express complex conditions. New methodologies are designed towards
resource management and cost analysis in a multifunctional Cafeteria system. Control and enterprise complex
structure using Arena improves not only efficiency of a system but also aids towards proper understanding of
organizational management.
Keywords: arena, simulation, cafeteria management, system management.
1. INTRODUCTION
This paper presents ways to design a general Cafeteria system, having complex belongings, in a simple way for proper
understanding and optimization of Cafeterias around the globe using software arena (student version). Managing cafeteria
is a problem for many but it can be overcome by doing simulation of it and getting concrete analysis from simulation
model. By using arena we can see and analyze how much baristas we need for proper management of cafeteria as well as
how much sitting tables or chairs we need for proper flow of customers. We can not only improve ongoing Cafeteria but
design a new properly managed cafeteria.
Study and research is made to design an optimal ongoing or new cafeteria using arena. Complex conditions are defined in
arena logics for proper understanding of system.
2. DATA COLLECTION
The study is based on layout of normal Cafeterias with counters, varieties of drinks or food items, Table or chairs for
customers and baristas. Simple looking cafeterias have complex systems i.e. Variation in arrival of customer per hour,
Baristas on different time shifts , Tables or chair different for different variety of customers , Different queue at different
locations in Cafeteria.
Below is data collected from a local cafeteria with all complex condition that normally each Cafeteria has
Cafeteria timing: 7a.m. 8p.m.
Time and customers arrival rate:
Time Customer arrival rate
7a.m.-10a.m. 20/hour
10 a.m.- 12p.m. 25/hour
12 p.m.- 4p.m. 30/hour
4 p.m.- 8p.m. 35/hour
Types of customers:
Three types of customers arrive in a day about which 30% are Individuals, 40% are Pair or couples and 30% are groups of
four.
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Research Publish Journals
International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)
Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp: (14-24), Month: April 2016 - September 2016, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Tables for Sit in Customers:
There are 8 chairs for Individuals, 2 tables for pairs or couple and 1 table for group of 4.
Staff Members at Cafeteria:
Staff Members Salary / Hour Shift during which they are available
Staff Member # 1 $7 7a.m. 8p.m.
Staff Member # 2 $7 7a.m. 8p.m.
Staff Member # 3 $7 7a.m. 8p.m
Staff Member # 4 $9 1p.m. 8p.m
Staff Member # 5 $9 4p.m. 6p.m
Products served at Cafeteria:
Product Cost % of audience orders
Salad $3 50%
Tea or Coffee $1 20%
Juice $2 30%
Operations at Cafeteria and Staff member assigned to them:
Operation Operation time in minutes Staff-member assigned
Min. Mean Max.
Taking Oder at till 1 3 Any Staff member that is available
Preparation of Salad 2 3 4 Any Staff member that is available
Preparation of Tea or Coffee 1 2 3 Any Staff member that is available
Preparation of juice 2 Any Staff member that is available
Serving 1 Any Staff member that is available
Receiving bill at end 0.5 1 Any Staff member that is available
Behavior of Customers at Cafeteria:
Customers leave cafeteria if there are more than 10 customers in queue at till
Out of total customer ,each day, only 40% want Tables or Chairs to sit in
If table or chair is not empty, 80% of customers left without payment even if their order is ready while 20% customer
wait for table or chair to be empty, sit in customers usually take 30 minutes
3. APPROACH TO ARENA
Analysis and optimization of Cafeteria system purely depends on how designing the model in Arena. Results from arena
model helps in understanding the system as well as allows to improve it by putting changes in model and comparing
results. Practicing different kind of suggestions in real situations before realizing output is not a good idea therefore there
is always a need to simulate systems and check facts and figures before implementing any idea or suggestions.
Model for Cafeteria system:
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International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)
Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp: (14-24), Month: April 2016 - September 2016, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Logic in Submodule is as bellow
Logic in Submodule is as bellow
Logic in Submodule is as bellow
Logic in Submodule is as bellow
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International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)
Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp: (14-24), Month: April 2016 - September 2016, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Logic in Submodule is as bellow
4. DESIGN OF MODEL
More precise and accurate the model, more precise and accurate will be the results. Design of Arena simulation model for
cafeteria or Restaurant based on data above involves
Arrival rate
Design of Queue at till
Allocation of resources according to shift and availability
Preparation of all types of products and assigning cost
Serving same order to same customer
Allocation of tables and chairs to customer
Cost Analysis
Showing results in user defined
Arrival rate:
Customers Arrival rate is described by schedule in Create module as follows
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Research Publish Journals
International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)
Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp: (14-24), Month: April 2016 - September 2016, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Design of queue at till:
According to condition that Customers leave cafeteria if there are more than 10 customers in queue at till. Use Decide
module to put condition on till process
Allocation of resources according to shift and availability:
To allocate resources according to data we have to use Type Set in defining the resource Shifts are described separately
for every resource in Schedule.
Resource shifts and costs are further described as
Preparation of all types of products:
Use Separate module and generate orders to process then assign cost and record it
Assigning Cost by Variable in Assign module i.e. Variable1+2 for coffee means $2 per coffee
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Research Publish Journals
International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)
Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp: (14-24), Month: April 2016 - September 2016, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Serving same order to same customer:
To make system capable of understanding to serve same order to same customer unique no. is assigned to every order and
customer and use Match module to match order to a customer
In order to detect this Match module is based on attribute specified in variable
Allocation of tables and chairs to customer:
Allocation of tables and chairs to three different variety of customers is designed by use of Decide module and Process
module
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Research Publish Journals
International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)
Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp: (14-24), Month: April 2016 - September 2016, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Table occupancy time for individuals on chairs.WIP <=7 means seven places are available for individuals to sit on chairs
and whenever the eighth individual came it should have to wait according to conditions described.
Cost Analysis:
To perform Cost Analysis place Record module to record costs at different levels and assign them names
To determine Revenue use another Record module at the end with math logic in expression. Every variable represent Cost
value assigned to orders
Showing results in user defined:
Use Record module at different position in model to count no. of customers lost and no. of customers served. By this way
results are easy to understand and analyze. Reports are detailed but in order to get what our desire is we use Record
module so that all desired results shows at one place.
Arena can built different graphs on data seen on User defined to express rational between different variables which are
important for analysis and improvement.
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International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)
Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp: (14-24), Month: April 2016 - September 2016, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
5. ANALYSIS
By running this Cafeteria system for 10 days we can analyze the system, by analyzing different component we can also
put suggestions in model and we can optimize this system.
RESOURCES OR STAFF-MEMBERS:
Utilization:
Cost:
USER DEFINED:
Only highlighted costs should be considerable because these are based on variables described i.e. Total Cost means total
earned cost is 6293 and lost cost is 1035 for 10 days
No. of customers lost due to queue at till, no. of customers lost due to unavailability of table in contrast with variety of
customers
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International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)
Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp: (14-24), Month: April 2016 - September 2016, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
For analyzing the queue at different positions in the model
6. OPTIMIZATION
On the basis of arena model it is easy to detect where there is a need of improvement. Any kind of suggestions for
improvement can be tested on arena and analyze the results again and again until system is properly optimized. On the
basis of above results, by adding two more tables for Pair/Couples and reducing one Resource (one with 2 hour shift) we
move towards optimized results.
7. RESULTS
Total Cost means total earned cost is 6839 and lost cost is 624 for 10 days.
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International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)
Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp: (14-24), Month: April 2016 - September 2016, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
OPTIMAL SOLUTION:
This model shows increase in cost by adding two more table for couples or pairs at the loss of a resource. Although we
have earned profit but dispose due to queue at till become 100. So again its not an optimal solution. In order to get
optimal solution one has to put all suggestions and see what arena analyzes in the case of Local Caf. The best optimal
solution from all the suggestions was to fully utilize all five resources and add two tables for couples and one for group
and the results are as below
Total Cost means total earned cost is 7126 and lost cost is 83 for 10 days. Caf can easily recover the cost of tables with in
a month.
8. CONCLUSION
The paper intended new methodologies to design, analyze and optimize not only restaurant and cafeteria systems but it
can easily be applied to various other service industries where customer behavior is of core importance. Cost is the most
important factor in any business, by simulating a system, one can not only reduce cost but can also allocate resources. It
allows not only to understand and analyze any single portion but system as a whole. The results of simulation gives
perception into variety of possible outcomes and how to manage them. Optimization of whole system with complex
belonging was always a hurdle but Arena overcome this issue efficiently and effectively.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author would like to thank Muhammad Usman Qaisar* for assistance in data-collection and also to the Staff-members
of Paradise caf** for analyzing their system.
Student of Industrial Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila. Caf located at
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila.
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Research Publish Journals
International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)
Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp: (14-24), Month: April 2016 - September 2016, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
REFERENCES
[1] Altiok, T. and B. Melamed, Simulation and Analysis with Arena. 2007, Burlington, MA: Academic Press.
[2] Brann, D.M. and B.C. Kulick. Simulation of restaurant operations using the restaurant modeling studio. in
Simulation Conference, 2002. Proceedings of the Winter. 2002. IEEE.
[3] Teilans, A., et al., Design of UML models and their simulation using ARENA. WSEAS Transactions on Computer
Research, 2008. 3(1): p. 67-73.
[4] Whyte, T.C. and D.W. Starks. ACE: a decision tool for restaurant managers. in Proceedings of the 28th conference
on Winter simulation. 1996. IEEE Computer Society.
[5] Kharwat, A. Computer simulation: an important tool in the fast-food industry. in Simulation Conference, 1991.
Proceedings., Winter. 1991. IEEE.
[6] Steiger, N. and J. Joines, REDUCING SERVICE TIME AT A BUSY FAST FOOD RESTAURANT ON CAMPUS.
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