ENERGY

ACCESS &
RENEWABLE
ENERGY

Factsheet

RENEWABLE ENERGY | 1 | FACTSHEET

RENEWABLE ENERGY | 2 | FACTSHEET
Energy poverty in India

Access to electricity
A significant number of Indian households continue to rely on kerosene for lighting.
Although the electricity grid has reached a large part of the country, supply is still
unreliable and of poor quality. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Assam consume more than
50 per cent of the total kerosene used for lighting in the country.

Sources of basic lighting in India

Biomass, wood
0.20 Figures in percentage
Other oils
0.20 No lighting
Solar
0.44 0.47

Kerosene
31.43

Electricity
67.25

Source: Census of India, 2011

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 Energy poverty in India
Share of households using electricity and kerosene for lighting
Lack of access to electricity is a chronic problem in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, Odisha and
Jharkhand. Half the households in these states are yet to be connected to the grid.

India
Jammu & Kashmir
HImachal Pradesh
Punjab
Chandigarh
Uttarakhand
Haryana
NCT of Delhi
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Sikkim
Arunachal Pradesh
Nagaland
Manipur
Mizoram
Tripura
Meghalaya
Assam
West Bengal Electricity
Jharkhand Kerosene
Odisha Source: Census
Chhattisgarh of India, 2011
Madhya Pradesh
Gujarat
Daman & Diu
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Goa
Lakshadweep
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
A&N Islands
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percentage

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 States using decentralised solar for their lighting needs
The states with least access to grid power, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, along with West Bengal, are the
largest users of decentralised solar applications for lighting. When the grid power has not reached a large
number of households, there is a clear demand for decentralised renewable energy solutions.

A&N Islands
Puducherry
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Lakshadweep
Goa
Karnataka
Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Daman & Diu
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
Odisha
Jharkhand
West Bengal
Assam
Meghalaya
Tripura
Mizoram
Manipur
Nagaland
Arunachal Pradesh
Sikkim
Bihar
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
NCT of Delhi
Haryana
Uttarakhand
Chandigarh
Punjab
HImachal Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir Source: Census of India, 2011
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000
Number of households

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 Energy poverty in India

The burning question

Sixty six years since independence, nearly 700 million people in India depend on firewood
for cooking using traditional cookstoves. India has a long way to go before every
household has access to clean cooking fuel.

Households in India using various sources of cooking fuel

Biogas Figures in percentage

Kerosene 0.41
2.91
Electricity
0.10 Any other
0.49

LPG
28.64
Firewood
49.14

Crop residue
8.88

Cowdung cake
7.97

Coal,Lignite,Charcoal
1.45 Source: Census of India, 2011

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Cooking fuel use in urban and rural households in India

Urban India burns fossil fuel subsidies, while rural India burns biomass. The use of firewood on
traditional cookstoves is prevalent in Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

80

Rural Urban
Figures in percentage
70
68
65
62.5
60

50

42
40

30

20.1
20

12.3 11.4
10.9
10
7.5

2.9
1.4 1.7 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.5
0
Total Firewood Crop Cowdung Coal, Kerosene LPG Electricity Biogas Any No
residue cake Lignite, other cooking
Charcoal
Source: Census of India, 2011

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Current renewable energy achievements

Grid-interactive power
The focus of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy policies has shifted from small
off-grid systems to grid-connected renewable energy. This is visible from the fact that
renewable energy has grown from almost 20,000 MW in March 2011 to 30,000 MW in
January 2014 a growth of 50 per cent in less than three years.

30,178.90
Actual (MW) as on January 31, 2014

20,298.83

3,774.15
2,208.36 2,512.88
1,285.60
99.08

Total Solar power Waste-to- Biogas Biomass power Small hydro Wind power
energy cogeneration & gasification power

Source: Ministry of new and renewable energy

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Off-grid/captive power
Off-grid achievements have been more or less contributed by industrial units for captive
power generation. Bagasse-based cogeneration and industrial biomass gasifiers are the
major contributors.

973.13
Actual (MW) as on January 31, 2014

517.34

159.77 146.40
119.63

0 10.18 2.18 17.63

Total Biogas Water Aero- Biomass SPV Biomass Biomass Waste-to-

based mills/ genrators/ gasifiers (non-bagase) energy
gasifiers systems
energy micro hybrid (industrial) (rural) cogenerration
system hydel systems

Source: Ministry of new and renewable energy

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 11th Five-Year Plan (2007-2012)
11th Five-Year Plan should be considered a success by any standards for renewable energy.
The cost of generation of renewable energy came down significantly during this period.

Capacity addition through grid-interactive renewable power

14,660.81
12,230.00

Actual (MW) as on March 31, 2012 Target (MW)

10,260.00
9,000.00
1,369.70

1,419.17
1,400.00
1,200.00
939.74

626.00
500.00
80.00
50.00

46.20

Total Solar power Bagasse Waste-to- Biomass Small hydro Wind power
cogeneration energy power power

Source: Ministry of new and renewable energy

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 Capacity addition through off-grid interactive renewable power
532.75

Actual (MW) as on March 31, 2012 Target (MW)

401.75

336.59

255.00

85.15
67.00
63.23

58.00
46.64
20.00

1.14

1.75

Total SPV Aero-generators/ Gasifier Non-bagasse Waste-to-energy

systems hybrid system cogeneration (urban+indistrial)

Source: Twelfth Five Year Plan (20122017), Economic Sectors - Volume II

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 12th Five-Year Plan (2012-2017)
In addition to continuing existing policies for development of
renewable energy, several new measures have been identified to
accelerate the pace of deployment in the country.

Targets for renewable energy for the 12th plan

Programme Proposed Twelth Plan Targets

Grid-interactive Renewable Power(MW)
Grid Interactive Solar 10,000
Grid Connected Wind 15,000
Other Renewable Sources 5,000
Total 30,000

Off-grid/Distributed Renewable Power (MWe)

Cogeneration from bagasse 2,000
Solar Off-Grid Applications 1,000
Waste to Energy 200
Bio Gas Based Decentralised Power 50
Others (Biomass Gasifiers, Micro-hydel) 150
Total 3,400

Renewables for Rural applications (Cooking)

Biogas Plants (million) 0.7
National Biomass Cookstoves Programme (million) 3.5
Solar Cookers (Box type + Dish type) 3.5
Solar Cooking in schools for mid-day scheme (Schools in lakhs) 5.0

Renewable Energy for Urban, Industrial and Commercial Applications

Solar Water Heating Systems (million sq.m of collector area) 6
Solar Air Heating System (sq m.) -
CST based systems for community cooking (sq.m.) 50,000
CST based system for air-conditioning (125 systems, 30TR) 40,000
CST based systems for process heat (225 systems, 250 sq.m. area each) 53,750

Solar Cities
New Solar Cities in addition to existing target of 60 cities and pending liabilities. 15
Model and Pilot Solar Cities. -
Green Townships 25
Tourist/Religious/ Important Places 150

Alternate Fuel Vehicles (in numbers) 2,75,000

Power Generation from Hydrogen

Stationery Power Generation (KW) 4,000
Hydrogen/H-CNG Stations (nos) 10
Demonstration projects for Hydrogen/H-CNG vehicles 500

Power Generation from Fuel Cell

Stationery Power Generation (KW) 10
Back- up units for telecom towers (MW/nos) 10/2000
Fuel cell Vehicles 100

Source: Twelfth Five Year Plan (20122017), Economic Sectors - Volume II

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1. A capacity addition of 30,000 MW of grid- Major New Initiatives
connected renewable power is proposed.
Institutional mechanisms to accelerate 1. National Institute of Solar Energy: Undertaking
adoption of renewable power by states in applied research, demonstration and development
the form of renewable purchase obligations in solar energy including solar hybrid areas.
are sought to be enforced by bringing in an
amendment into the Electricity Act, 2003 2. National Bioenergy Corporation of India: Set
To ensure volumes, generation-based up to implement bioenergy mission including
incentives will be continued cook stove programme.
It has been proposed to restrict upfront
subsidy for small hydro plants of capacity 10 3. Renewable Energy Development Fund:
MW or less from the existing 25 MW Creation of a Renewable Energy Development
fund has been proposed to fill the gap between the
2. A capacity addition target of 3,400 MW for sectors financing needs and the amount that falls
off-grid distributed renewable power is short of the banks obligations to their lending to
proposed this priority sector.
The incentives for such projects would be
sourced from a pool of funds originating from 4. National Bioenergy Mission: In view of the success
National Clean Energy Fund, CSR activities of biomass-based off-grid renewable models in
and tax-free donations rural areas of Bihar, a Biomass Mission has been
proposed to create a policy framework
for attracting investment and to facilitate rapid
3. Renewable energy for cooking
development of commercial biomass energy market.
Continue biogas and solar cooker
programme 5. Renewable Power Evacuation Infrastructure:
Solar cooking could be promoted under Special emphasis will be placed on creating
mid-day meal programme evacuation infrastructure and transmission
facilities for renewable power in a time-bound
4. Renewable energy for rural electricity access manner to support the large expansion in
Models like solar home lighting systems consumption and production of renewable power
through banking system, entrepreneur based and optimal utilisation of transmission system.
biomass gasifier models for providing basic
electricity and micro hydro systems will 6. National Biomass Cook Stove Programme:
continue to be supported The initiative plans to universalise access
Special emphasis to be given to pumped of improved biomass cook stoves by providing
assistance in exploring technology deployments,
water storage hydro plants to address
biomass processing and delivery models leveraging
intermittency in solar and wind technology
public-private partnerships.

5. Off-grid solution for industrial, commercial

and buildings applications
Existing scheme on solar water heaters
will continue with a review on capital subsidy
Green building programme and solar city
initiative will be expanded to new cities

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 Notes

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RENEWABLE ENERGY | 15 | FACTSHEET
 www.cseindia.org

www.shaktifoundation.in

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