COMPLETE REVISION

March 2016

Civil

PIP CVS02010
Geotechnical Engineering Investigation
Specification
 PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES

In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has
been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major
industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical
requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering
costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice
is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual
applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence
over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters
or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not
be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names
from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather
recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications
are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines
are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA
requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or
other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed.
Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material
contained in or suggested by the Practice.

This Practice is subject to revision at any time.

Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of

Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin, Texas 78759. PIP Member
Companies and Subscribers may copy this Practice for their internal use. Changes or
modifications of any kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express
written authorization of PIP. Authorized Users may attach addenda or overlays to clearly
indicate modifications or exceptions to specific sections of PIP Practices. Authorized
Users may provide their clients, suppliers and contractors with copies of the Practice
solely for Authorized Users purposes. These purposes include but are not limited to the
procurement process (e.g., as attachments to requests for quotation/ purchase orders or
requests for proposals/contracts) and preparation and issue of design engineering
deliverables for use on a specific project by Authorized Users client. PIPs copyright
notices must be clearly indicated and unequivocally incorporated in documents where an
Authorized User desires to provide any third party with copies of the Practice.

PUBLISHING HISTORY
July 1997 Issued
August 2002 Reaffirmation
February 2009 Complete Revision
March 2016 Complete Revision

Not printed with State funds

 COMPLETE REVISION
March 2016

Civil

PIP CVS02010
Geotechnical Engineering Investigation
Specification
Table of Contents
1. Scope ........................................................................................................................ 2
2. References ............................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Industry Codes and Standards ....................................................................................................... 2

3. Definitions ................................................................................................................ 4
4. Requirements ........................................................................................................... 5
4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................... 5
4.2 Submittals ....................................................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Execution ........................................................................................................................................ 7

Data Form
CVS02010-F - Geotechnical Engineering Services - Report Checklist

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1. Scope
This Practice describes minimum requirements for a geotechnical engineering investigation
including subsurface exploration, field and laboratory testing, analyses, and preparation of reports
that present geotechnical engineering recommendations for design and construction.

This Practice does not include requirements for an environmentally-related investigation or

analysis.

2. References
Applicable parts of the following industry codes and standards and references shall be considered
an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of the contract award shall be
used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles are used herein where appropriate.

2.1 Industry Codes and Standards

ASTM International (ASTM)
ASTM C117 - Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-m (No. 200)
Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
ASTM C136/C136M - Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
Coarse Aggregates
ASTM C1580 - Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil
ASTM D421 - Standard Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-
Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants
ASTM D422 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
ASTM D512 - Standard Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
ASTM D516 - Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
ASTM D698 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics
of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3
(600 kN-m/m3))
ASTM D1140 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Material
Finer than 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in Soils by Washing
ASTM D1194 - Standard Test Method for Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load
and Spread Footings
ASTM D1195/D1195M - Standard Test Method for Repetitive Static Plate Load
Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for Use in Evaluation and
Design of Airport and Highway Pavements
ASTM D1196/D1196M - Standard Test Method for Nonrepetitive Static Plate
Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for Use in Evaluation and
Design of Airport and Highway Pavements
ASTM D1557 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction
Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3
(2,700 kN-m/m3))

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ASTM D1586 - Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and
Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
ASTM D1587 - Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
Geotechnical Purposes
ASTM D1883 - Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D2166/D2166M - Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive
Strength of Cohesive Soil
ASTM D2216 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ASTM D2435/D2435M - Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional
Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
ASTM D2487 - Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
ASTM D2488 - Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
ASTM D2850 - Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial
Compressive Test on Cohesive Soils
ASTM D3080/D3080M - Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils
Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
ASTM D4253 - Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
ASTM D4254 - Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit
Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
ASTM D4318 - Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
Plasticity Index of Soils
ASTM D4428/D4428M - Standard Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Testing
ASTM D4429 - Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils
in Place
ASTM D4647/D4647M - Standard Test Methods for Identification and
Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole Test
ASTM D4648/D4648M - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Miniature Vane
Shear Test for Saturated Fine-Grained Clayey Soil
ASTM D5334 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermal Conductivity
of Soil and Soft Rock by Thermal Needle Probe Procedure
ASTM D5434 - Standard Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of
Soil and Rock
ASTM D5731 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Point Load
Strength Index of Rock and Application to Rock Strength Classifications
ASTM D5778 - Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone
Penetration Testing of Soils
ASTM D6032 - Standard Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Designation
(RQD) of Rock Core

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ASTM D6429 - Standard Guide for Selecting Surface Geophysical Methods

ASTM D6572 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics
of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test
ASTM D7400 - Standard Test Methods for Downhole Seismic Testing
ASTM G51 - Standard Test Method for Measuring pH of Soil for Use in Corrosion
Testing
ASTM G57 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Soil Resistivity
Using the Wenner Four-Electrode Method
ASTM G187 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the
Two-Electrode Soil Box Method
International Code Council (ICC)
International Building Code (IBC)

3. Definitions
contract documents: Any and all documents, including codes, studies, design drawings,
specifications, sketches, practices, and data sheets, that purchaser or engineer of record has
transmitted or otherwise communicated, either by incorporation or reference, and made part of
the legal contract agreement or purchase order between purchaser and geotechnical engineer.

engineer of record: Purchasers authorized representative with overall authority and

responsibility for engineering design, quality, and performance of civil works, structures,
foundations, materials, and appurtenances described in contract documents. Engineer of record
shall be licensed as defined by laws of the locality in which the work is to be constructed, and be
qualified to practice in the specialty discipline required for the work described in contract
documents.

Fatal Flaw Investigation: Discovery of geotechnical and geologic conditions which would
prevent use of the site or render its use uneconomic. Only small portions of this Practice may be
useful.

FEED Investigation: Discovery of geotechnical information to define basic foundation,

parameters, and geologic features which have an economic impact on the amount of capital
monies required to carry out a project to allow owners management to make a final decision.

Final Design Investigation: Discovery and definition of geohazards and geotechnical engineering
parameters to design final foundations to support equipment and structures. This Practice applies
to the majority of such investigations.

geotechnical engineer: Professional engineer responsible for performing geotechnical engineering

investigation and/or geotechnical consulting during foundation design, construction of civil
works, and installation of piling and foundations.

owner: Party who has authority through ownership, lease, or other legal agreement over site
wherein geotechnical engineering investigation will be performed.

Preliminary Investigation: Discovery of geotechnical information to further establish basic design

concepts or design criteria for projects especially those which may contain complex or difficult
geotechnical problems.

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professional engineer: An engineer, other than engineer of record, licensed as defined by laws of
the locality in which facility is to be constructed and qualified to practice in the specialty
discipline required for the work described in contract documents.

purchaser: Party who awards contract to geotechnical engineer. Purchaser may be owner or
owners authorized agent.

qualified geotechnical representative: Graduate geotechnical engineer, graduate geologist, or

geotechnical technician provided technician has at least ten years of relevant field exploration and
logging experience. Works under supervision of geotechnical engineer.

4. Requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Geotechnical engineering investigations shall be performed in accordance with
purchasers contract documents including scope of work document that describes
proposed facilities (i.e., preliminary plot plans, anticipated loads, construction
loads, and subsurface contamination which may be encountered on the site), this
Practice, and purchasers Report Checklist, PIP CVS02010-F.
4.1.2 A qualified geotechnical representative shall be provided in the field full time
during exploration activities. Geotechnical representative shall perform the
following work:
a. Supervise and observe all subsurface exploration operations and in-situ
testing
b. Classify samples and prepare logs of borings, soundings, pits, etc.
4.1.3 Before submitting proposal, geotechnical engineer shall examine the site to
assess and record existing conditions unless waived by purchaser.
4.1.4 The following items shall be provided with the proposal submitted to purchaser:
a. Plans for performing geophysical surveys to non-destructively examine the
site in accordance with ASTM D6429 to characterize the site, investigate
anomalies, and aid in identifying appropriate borings, Cone Penetration Test
(CPT) soundings and sampling points representative of site conditions.
b. If purchaser specifies a program for field and/or laboratory testing,
geotechnical engineer shall provide a statement supporting adequacy of the
proposed program and suggesting modifications. The number and depth of
borings, CPT soundings, and other tests shall be optimized.
c. If purchaser does not specify a program for field and laboratory testing,
geotechnical engineer shall provide a detailed proposed program of field
exploration, field testing, and laboratory testing containing the following:
(1) Plan showing locations and depths of borings, CPT soundings, and other
tests
(2) Field-sampling and testing program, including types and frequency of
samples and tests
(3) Laboratory-testing program, including types and numbers of tests
(4) Descriptions of any methods/tests not referenced herein

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d. A schedule of beginning and completion dates of field and laboratory work

and dates for submittal of preliminary and final reports
e. Descriptions of access needs (e.g., temporary roads, site clearing, or
alteration/removal of existing facilities) to provide equipment access to
CPT/boring locations. For development of a cost proposal, geotechnical
engineer shall assume that these items will be provided by purchaser, when
required and noted in the proposal by geotechnical engineer.
f. Resumes or statement of qualifications and experience of personnel to be
assigned to project, including field personnel, and descriptions of roles,
responsibilities, and degree of involvement of each individual.
4.1.5 Obtain all work permits, excavation permits, and other permits or authorizations
required by owner, purchaser or by governmental or regulatory agencies and/or
local jurisdictions (e.g., permits or authorizations for borings, soundings, pits,
wells, piezometers, transportation of samples, etc.) prior to start of work.
4.2 Submittals
4.2.1 Field Reports
4.2.1.1 Field logs of borings, CPT soundings, pits, piezometers, and other field
exploration/testing activities shall be provided in accordance with ASTM
D5434.
4.2.1.2 Weekly (or daily if requested by purchaser) progress reports shall be
provided including the following:
a. Summary of work completed
b. Description of unusual or unanticipated conditions encountered
c. Assessment of adequacy of work scope and any recommended
modifications
d. Statement of progress relative to planned schedule
4.2.2 Preliminary Data Report
4.2.2.1 A preliminary data report shall be provided that contains field logs and
other available testing information, early findings, and all standard
laboratory testing results in accordance with purchasers Report
Checklist, PIP CVS02010-F.
4.2.2.2 An electronic copy of preliminary data report shall be submitted to
purchaser for review.
4.2.3 Draft Final Report
4.2.3.1 A draft final report shall be provided that includes all information
required in accordance with purchasers Report Checklist, PIP
CVS02010-F.
4.2.3.2 Advanced laboratory testing results (e.g., consolidations, direct shear,
and other time dependent parameter tests) shall be submitted in draft
final report.

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4.2.3.3 Emphasis on how soil properties interact to support structures, roads, and
site drainage including subsurface drainage shall be provided.
4.2.3.4 Conclusions, final test results, competed logs and recommendations shall
be provided.
4.2.3.5 An electronic copy of draft final report shall be submitted to purchaser
for review.
4.2.4 Final Report
4.2.4.1 A final report shall be provided that includes all information required in
accordance with purchasers Report Checklist, PIP CVS02010-F.
4.2.4.2 Final report shall respond to purchasers comments and questions on
draft final report within two weeks of receipt of purchasers comments
and questions.
4.2.4.3 Final reports shall be submitted under signature and seal of geotechnical
engineer.
4.2.4.4 An electronic file and three paper copies of final report shall be
submitted to purchaser. Additional copies shall be provided if requested
by purchaser.
4.3 Execution
4.3.1 General
4.3.1.1 All labor, equipment, tools, supervision, supplies, and transportation
required to perform geotechnical investigation, exploration, testing,
analyses, and reporting in accordance with this Practice, including
requirements in purchasers Report Checklist, PIP CVS02010-F, shall be
provided.
4.3.1.2 The work shall be performed in accordance with all aspects of programs
and policies of purchaser and/or owner.
4.3.1.3 Purchaser shall be immediately informed if initial field work and/or
testing indicate a need for modifications of the work scope.
4.3.2 Utilities
4.3.2.1 Underground utilities shall be located with due diligence before
commencing field work. This shall include requests to purchaser,
jurisdiction locating services, and local utilities for information, and shall
also include surface geophysical surveys in accordance with Section
4.1.4.a of this Practice and probing before drilling in accordance with
Section 4.3.3.4 of this Practice.
4.3.2.2 Purchaser will provide information on all known underground utilities in
proximity of the work at least 48 hours before any excavations, or
ground penetrations.
4.3.2.3 All work shall be performed a sufficient distance away from known
underground and aboveground utilities to protect personnel and utilities.

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4.3.3 Field Work

4.3.3.1 Quantities and general locations of all field work described in Section
4.3.3 of this Practice shall be as specified in contract documents.
4.3.3.2 A detailed field work schedule shall be provided to purchaser before
mobilization.
4.3.3.3 Purchaser shall be notified 3 working days minimum before
commencement or completion of field work and/or arrival/removal of
equipment from site.
4.3.3.4 After permission is obtained from purchaser, the geotechnical field crew
shall probe each CPT/boring location with a 5 foot (1.5 m) long probe
rod. Probe by pushing probe rod eight times in a circular pattern within a
12-inch (300-mm) radius around proposed location. Obstructions shall be
investigated before proceeding.
4.3.3.5 CPT/boring locations shall be staked and surveyed for coordinates and
elevations by geotechnical engineer unless otherwise agreed with
purchaser.
4.3.3.6 Any site modifications, improvements, special equipment, or clearing
required to access locations of borings, CPT soundings, pits, etc., will be
furnished by purchaser.
4.3.3.7 If any unanticipated soil or groundwater contamination is detected, all
work shall be immediately suspended and purchaser informed. Work
shall not be resumed until written notification to proceed is received
from purchaser.
4.3.3.8 Soil sampling shall be performed at intervals not greater than 2.5 feet
(0.75 m) in the upper 10 feet (3 m), and thereafter every 5 feet (1.5 m)
and at changes in strata to a depth of 100 feet (30 m). Below a depth of
100 feet (30 m), sampling intervals will be stipulated by engineer of
record.
a. Cohesive soils shall be sampled using thin-walled tube samplers of
minimum 3-inch (76.2-mm) diameter in accordance with ASTM
D1587. Field strength parameters of cohesive samples shall be tested
using the Torvane and/or pocket penetrometer.
b. In non-cohesive soils, Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) and soil
sampling shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM D1586.
4.3.3.9 Field identification of soils shall be in accordance with ASTM D2487 and
ASTM D2488.
4.3.3.10 Groundwater levels shall be determined in each borehole on detection
and again 24 hours after excavation. Provide temporary piezometers as
agreed by engineer of record and geotechnical engineer.
4.3.3.11 Borings and CPT soundings shall be continued until suitable material
for support of anticipated foundations is encountered.

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4.3.3.12 Borings and CPT soundings shall extend sufficiently beneath the depth
of planned final lowest grade cut elevation to provide adequate
foundation design information.
4.3.3.13 Borings and soil samples shall be logged in the field in accordance with
ASTM D5434.
4.3.3.14 If rock is encountered, borings shall core 5 feet (1.5 m) minimum into
the rock and rock quality shall be field evaluated for rock quality
designation (RQD) in accordance with ASTM D6032 and ASTM D5731.
4.3.3.15 Rock shall be defined as when a hollow stem auger refuses to advance
or SPT test records more than 50 blows in 6 inches (150 mm).
4.3.3.16 In situ testing to determine dynamic shear modulus shall be crosshole
seismic testing in accordance with ASTM D4428/D4428M and/or
downhole seismic testing in accordance with ASTM D7400.
4.3.3.17 Cone Penetration Test (CPT) Soundings
1. CPT soundings shall be performed in accordance with ASTM
D5778.
2. Thrust machine shall be capable of the following:
a. Being leveled for a vertical thrust direction and deviation
controlled to less than 2 degrees
b. Providing a continuous stroke of 3.3 feet (1 m) minimum at a
rate of 3/4 inches/minute (20 mm/minute) 3/16 inches/minute
(5 mm/minute)
c. Providing a reaction force of 20 tons (178 kN) minimum unless
mounted on a swamp buggy or anchored trailer, in which case
the reaction force shall be 15 tons (133 kN) minimum
3. Cone size/type shall be chosen to provide tip resistance, sleeve
friction resistance and if required, pore pressure and temperature or
shear wave velocities by electronic means.
4. Refusal depth shall be extended by using pushrod support casing to
prevent buckling in the upper soft soil zones of the sounding if
required by geotechnical engineer or engineer of record.
4.3.3.18 Completed boreholes and CPT soundings shall be grouted from the
bottom of the hole up with a grout mixture of the following:
a. Portland cement
b. 4% to 15% by weight of bentonite
c. Potable water or water from a source approved by purchaser
d. As required by local or state requirements

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4.3.3.19 Test Pits

1. Test pits shall be made as required by contract documents, to permit
detailed examination of the upper soils in a large scale as follows:
a. Collect large samples for laboratory testing for Proctor density,
soil modification, grain size analyses, and other tests
b. Collect box-type in-situ samples
c. Evaluate nature and consistency of near-surface soils and
presumed fill
d. Evaluate suitability for fill material
e. Evaluate organic content
f. Evaluate highly erodible soils
2. Test pits greater than 4 feet (1.2 m) deep shall be benched, shored,
or properly sloped back to provide personnel protection and shall be
evaluated for stability by geotechnical engineer.
3. Excavations into embankments are permitted with written approval
of geotechnical engineer, engineer of record, and owner.
4. Sampling, field testing, and description shall proceed as soon as test
pit face is exposed to minimize effects of changes in moisture
content and effective pressure.
5. Test pits left open more than 24 hours shall be protected with
fencing and flagging.
6. Test pits shall be backfilled with excavated soil in 6-inch (150- mm)
lifts and each lift shall be compacted to approximate the density of
the soil that existed before excavation.
4.3.3.20 Field California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Plate Load Tests
1. Field CBR and/or plate load tests shall be performed as required for
pavement designs and shallow foundations.
2. Field CBR load tests shall be in accordance with ASTM D4429.
3. Field plate load tests shall be in accordance with ASTM D1194,
ASTM D1195/D1195M, and/or ASTM D1196/D1196M.
4. The required heavy reaction vehicle for field CBR or plate load tests
shall provide a reaction force of 7000 lbf (31 kN) minimum and
have a ground clearance under the reaction beam of 2 feet (600 mm)
minimum.
4.3.3.21 Soil resistivity testing or electrical soundings for the site shall be in
accordance with ASTM G57.
4.3.3.22 Percolation tests shall be performed for proposed septic leach fields.
Borings shall be located in the center and at each corner of proposed
leach field. Test shall be performed and results reported in units
acceptable to the local authority.

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4.3.3.23 Boring cuttings shall be spread over unpaved sites unless otherwise
specified by purchaser. Cuttings in paved sites shall be drummed for
disposal. Purchaser will be responsible for providng drums and
disposing of drums.
4.3.3.24 Site shall be restored and equipment shall be cleaned prior to leaving
site in accordance with contract documents.
4.3.4 Laboratory Testing
4.3.4.1 Written approval shall be obtained from purchaser for any modifications
to agreed testing program.
4.3.4.2 Soils shall be prepared for particle-size analysis and determination of
basic soil engineering parameters in accordance with ASTM D421.
4.3.4.3 Particle size analysis of soils shall be performed in accordance with
ASTM C117, ASTM C136/C136M and ASTM D422 as applicable.
4.3.4.4 Classification testing shall be in accordance with ASTM D1140 and
ASTM D2487.
4.3.4.5 Laboratory identification of soils shall be in accordance with ASTM
D1140, ASTM D2487, and ASTM D2488.
4.3.4.6 Physical soil properties listed below shall be determined in the laboratory
in accordance with the corresponding ASTMs:
a. Standard Proctor Density, ASTM D698
b. Modified Proctor Density, ASTM D1557
c. Water (Moisture) Content (WC), ASTM D2216
d. California Bearing Ratio (CBR), ASTM D1883
e. Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, ASTM
D2166/D2166M
f. One-Dimensional Consolidation, ASTM D2435/D2435M
g. Unconsolidated-Undrained (UU) Triaxial Compression Test on
Cohesive Soils, ASTM D2850
h. Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions,
ASTM D3080/D3080M
i. Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight Using a Vibratory Table,
ASTM D4253
j. Minimum Index Density, Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of
Relative Density, ASTM D4254
k. Atterberg Limits: Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL), and
Plasticity Index (PI) of Soils, ASTM D4318
l. Thermal Conductivity of Soil and Soft Rock, ASTM D5334
m. Dispersive Characteristics of Clay Soils, ASTM D4647/D4647M
and/or ASTM D6572

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n. Shear Strength of Clay Soils Using Mini-vane, ASTM

D4648/D4648M
o. Point Load Strength Index of Rock and Application to Rock Strength
Determination, ASTM D5731
4.3.4.7 Relative density testing shall be performed to test cohesionless materials
if impact compaction test methods (e.g., Proctor) are not appropriate.
4.3.4.8 A soil modification testing proposal shall be prepared by geotechnical
engineer for otherwise undesirable silts and clays found on the site to be
modified into reasonable structural fills by processing with cement, fly
ash, or lime. Appropriate ASTM methods shall be used to assess which
stabilization methods are effective with a particular soil.
4.3.4.9 Chemical analysis of soils in the laboratory shall be conducted for the
listed constituents in accordance with the corresponding ASTMs:
a. pH of Soil for Use in Corrosion Testing, ASTM G51
b. Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil, ASTM C1580
c. Chloride Ion in Water after Extraction from Soils, ASTM D512
d. Sulfate Ion in Water after Extraction from Soils, ASTM D516
4.3.4.10 Laboratory measurement of soil resistivity shall be in accordance with
ASTM G187.

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