C183 Homework2

YIK LUN, KEI

704-115-065
2017/4/25

Exercise 1

(a)

a <- read.table("http://www.stat.ucla.edu/~nchristo/statistics_c183_c283/statc183c283_5stocks.txt",
header=T)
r1 <- (a$P1[-length(a$P1)]-a$P1[-1])/a$P1[-1]
r2 <- (a$P2[-length(a$P2)]-a$P2[-1])/a$P2[-1]
r3 <- (a$P3[-length(a$P3)]-a$P3[-1])/a$P3[-1]
r4 <- (a$P4[-length(a$P4)]-a$P4[-1])/a$P4[-1]
r5 <- (a$P5[-length(a$P5)]-a$P5[-1])/a$P5[-1]

(b)

returns <- as.data.frame(cbind(r1,r2,r3,r4,r5))

colMeans(returns)

## r1 r2 r3 r4 r5
## 0.0027625075 0.0035831363 0.0066229478 0.0004543727 0.0045679106
cov(returns)

## r1 r2 r3 r4 r5
## r1 0.005803160 0.001389264 0.001666854 0.000789581 0.001351044
## r2 0.001389264 0.009458804 0.003944643 0.002281200 0.002578939
## r3 0.001666854 0.003944643 0.016293581 0.002863584 0.001469964
## r4 0.000789581 0.002281200 0.002863584 0.009595202 0.003210827
## r5 0.001351044 0.002578939 0.001469964 0.003210827 0.009242440

(c)

x1_min <- (var(r5)-cov(r1,r5))/(var(r1)+var(r5)-2*cov(r1,r5))

x2_min <- 1-x1_min
rp_bar_min <- x1_min*mean(r1)+x2_min*mean(r5)
sd_min <- sqrt(x1_min^2*var(r1)+x2_min^2*var(r5)+2*x1_min*x2_min*cov(r1,r5))

x1_min

## [1] 0.6393153
x2_min

## [1] 0.3606847

1
rp_bar_min

## [1] 0.003413689
sd_min

## [1] 0.06478695

(d)

xa <- seq(0,1,0.01)
xb <- 1-xa
r1_bar <- mean(r1);r5_bar <- mean(r5)
var1 <- var(r1);var5 <- var(r5)
cov_15 <- cov(r1,r5)
rp_bar <- xa*mean(r1)+xb*mean(r5)
sd_p <- sqrt(xa^2*var(r1)+xb^2*var(r5)+2*xa*xb*cov(r1,r5))
aa <- as.data.frame(cbind(sd_p,rp_bar))
plot(sd_p,rp_bar, type="l", xlab=expression(sigma[p]),
ylab=expression(bar(R[p])), main="Portfolio possibilities curve of Exxon-Mobil and Boeing")
aa <- as.data.frame(cbind(sd_p,rp_bar))
points(aa[aa$rp_bar>rp_bar_min,], col="green", type="l")

Portfolio possibilities curve of ExxonMobil and Boeing

0.0045
0.0040
Rp

0.0035
0.0030

0.065 0.070 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095

(e)

data <- read.table("http://www.stat.ucla.edu/~nchristo/datac183c283/statc183c283_abc.txt", header=T)

sigma_p <- (data$a^2*var(r1)+data$b^2*var(r4)+data$c^2*var(r5)+2*data$a*data$b*cov(r1,r4)+

2
 2*data$a*data$c*cov(r1,r5)+2*data$b*data$c*cov(r4,r5))^.5
rp_bar <- data$a*mean(r1)+data$b*mean(r4)+data$c*mean(r5)
plot(sigma_p, rp_bar, xlab=expression(sigma[p]),ylab=expression(bar(R[p])),
main="Portfolio possibilities curve of Exxon-Mobil, McDonalds, and Boeing", cex=0.5)

Portfolio possibilities curve of ExxonMobil, McDonalds, and Boeing

0.015
0.010
Rp

0.005
0.000

0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40

(f)

a1 <- as.data.frame(cbind(r1,r4,r5))
R_ibar <- as.matrix(colMeans(a1))
R <- R_ibar-0.001
var_covar <- cov(a1)
var_covar_inv <- solve(var_covar)
z <- var_covar_inv %*% R
x <- z/sum(z)
x

## [,1]
## r1 0.5284782
## r4 -0.4955882
## r5 0.9671100
R_Gbar <- t(x) %*% R_ibar
var_G <- t(x) %*% var_covar %*% x
sd_G <- (t(x) %*% var_covar %*% x)^.5
R_Gbar

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.005652415

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sd_G

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.1025256
slope <- (R_Gbar-0.001)/(sd_G)
r11 <- .001+slope*.25
plot(sigma_p, rp_bar, xlab=expression(sigma[p]),ylab=expression(bar(R[p])),
main="Portfolio possibilities curve of Exxon-Mobil, McDonalds, and Boeing", cex=0.5)
segments(0,.001, sd_G, R_Gbar)
segments(sd_G, R_Gbar, .25, r11)
points(sd_G, R_Gbar, cex=1, pch=19,col="red")
text(sd_G, R_Gbar+0.001, "G")

Portfolio possibilities curve of ExxonMobil, McDonalds, and Boeing

0.015
0.010

G
Rp

0.005
0.000

0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40

(g)

Rc_bar <- 0.60*R_Gbar + 0.40*0.001

sd_c <- 0.60*sd_G
Rc_bar

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.003791449
sd_c

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.06151535
plot(sigma_p, rp_bar, xlab=expression(sigma[p]),ylab=expression(bar(R[p])),
main="Portfolio possibilities curve of Exxon-Mobil, McDonalds, and Boeing", cex=0.5)

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segments(0,.001, sd_G, R_Gbar)
segments(sd_G, R_Gbar, .25, r11)
points(sd_c, Rc_bar, cex=1, pch=19,col="red")
text(sd_c, Rc_bar+0.001, "C")

Portfolio possibilities curve of ExxonMobil, McDonalds, and Boeing

0.015
0.010
Rp

0.005

C
0.000

0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40

(h)

(1)

a1 <- as.data.frame(cbind(r1,r4,r5))
R_ibar <- as.matrix(colMeans(a1))
R2 <- R_ibar-0.002
var_covar <- cov(a1)
var_covar_inv <- solve(var_covar)
z2 <- var_covar_inv %*% R2
x2 <- z2/sum(z2)
x2

## [,1]
## r1 0.5312205
## r4 -1.8026632
## r5 2.2714427
R_Bbar <- t(x2) %*% R_ibar
var_B <- t(x2) %*% var_covar %*% x2
sd_B <- (t(x2) %*% var_covar %*% x2)^.5
R_Bbar

## [,1]

5
## [1,] 0.01102417
sd_B

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.2365542
slope2 <- (R_Bbar-0.002)/(sd_B)
r22 <- 0.002+slope2*0.25

R <- R_ibar-0.001
var_covar <- cov(a1)
var_covar_inv <- solve(var_covar)
z <- var_covar_inv %*% R
x <- z/sum(z)
R_Gbar <- t(x) %*% R_ibar
var_G <- t(x) %*% var_covar %*% x
sd_G <- (t(x) %*% var_covar %*% x)^.5
slope <- (R_Gbar-0.001)/(sd_G)
r11 <- .001+slope*.25

plot(sigma_p, rp_bar, xlab=expression(sigma[p]),ylab=expression(bar(R[p])),

main="Portfolio possibilities curve of Exxon-Mobil, McDonalds, and Boeing", cex=0.5)

segments(0,.001, sd_G, R_Gbar)

segments(sd_G, R_Gbar, .25, r11)

points(sd_G, R_Gbar, cex=1, pch=19,col="red")

text(sd_G, R_Gbar+0.001, "G")

segments(0,.002, sd_B, R_Bbar)

segments(sd_B, R_Bbar, .25, r22)

points(sd_B, R_Bbar, cex=1, pch=19,col="green")

text(sd_B, R_Bbar+0.001, "B")

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 Portfolio possibilities curve of ExxonMobil, McDonalds, and Boeing

0.015

B
0.010

G
Rp

0.005
0.000

0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40

(2)

cov_AB <- t(x) %*% var_covar %*% x2

cov_AB

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.02264823

(3)

xa <- runif(2000, -1.5,2.5)

xb <- 1-xa
sd_t <- (xa^2*var_G + xb^2*var_B + 2*xa*xb*cov_AB)^0.5
R_tbar <- xa*R_Gbar + xb*R_Bbar

plot(sigma_p, rp_bar, xlab=expression(sigma[p]),

ylab=expression(bar(R[p])),
main="Portfolio possibilities curve of Exxon-Mobil, McDonalds, and Boeing", cex=0.1)

points(sd_t, R_tbar, col="green", cex=0.5)

7
 Portfolio possibilities curve of ExxonMobil, McDonalds, and Boeing

0.015
0.010
Rp

0.005
0.000

0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40

(4)

xA_min <- (var_B - cov_AB)/(var_B + var_G - 2*cov_AB)

xB_min <- 1-xA_min
#Composition in terms of Exxon-Mobil, McDonalds, and Boeing:
x_xom <- xA_min * x[1] + xB_min * x2[1]
x_mcd <- xA_min * x[2] + xB_min * x2[2]
x_boe <- xA_min * x[3] + xB_min * x2[3]
x_xom

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.5269063
x_mcd

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.2536533
x_boe

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.2194404
rbar_3 <- x_xom*mean(r1) + x_mcd*mean(r4) + x_boe*mean(r5)
sd_3 <- (x_xom^2*var(r1) + x_mcd^2*var(r4) + x_boe^2*var(r5)+2*x_xom*x_mcd*cov(r1,r4)+
2*x_xom*x_boe*cov(r1,r5) + 2*x_mcd*x_boe*cov(r4,r5))^0.5
rbar_3

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.00257322

8
sd_3

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.05961942

Exercise 2

(a)

0.12 0.04 = 0.04ZA + 0.0016ZB

RB 0.04 = 0.0016ZA + 0.0064ZB
ZA = ZB
0.08 = 0.0416ZA
ZA = 1.923077
RB = 0.04 + (0.0016 + 0.0064) 1.923077
RB = 0.05538462

(b)

0.12 0.04 = 0.04ZA + 0.0016ZB

RB 0.04 = 0.0016ZA + 0.0064ZB
ZB = 0
0.08 = 0.04ZA
ZA = 2
RB = 0.0016 2 + 0.04
RB = 0.0432

Exercise 3

(a)
1
4 (0.16) + 14 (0.25) + 2 12 12 AB = 0.0525
AB = 0.1

(b)

RC = (1 x)Rf + xRG = 0.11

(1 x)0.05 + x(0.6 0.14 + 0.4 0.1) = 0.11
x = 0.81
we need to invest 81% in portfolio G and 19% in the risk free asset.

9
(c)

(1 x)(0.05) + x(0.6 0.14 + 0.4 0.1) = 0.1

x = 0.676
xA = 0.676 0.6 = 0.41
xB = 0.676 0.4 = 0.27
1 x = 0.32
we need to invest 41% in stock A, 27% in stock B and 32% in the risk free asset.

Exercise 4

(a)
Pn
cov( i=1 xi Ri , Rm )
Pn
= cov( n1 i=1 (i + i Rm + i ), Rm )
Pn
= cov( + Rm + n1 i=1 i , Rm )
= cov(Rm , Rm )
2
= m

(b)
Pn
var( i=1 xi Ri )
n
= var( n1 i=1 Ri )
P

1
Pn
= n2 var( i=1 0 + i Rm + i )
1
Pn
= n2 var( i=1 i )
1
Pn Pn Pn
= n2 ( i=1 var(i ) + i=1 j6=i cov(i , j ))
1 2
= n2 (n + n(n 1)k 2 )
2 n1 2
= n + n k

p2 = k 2
as n gets large

(c)

Assume short sales allowed.

1 1
x= 10 1 1

10
(d)
Pn
cov(Rp , Ri ) = cov(p + p Rm + i=1 xi i , i + i Rm + i )
2
= i p m + xi 2i

Exercise 5

(a)

Qinverse <- matrix(c(166.21139,-22.40241,-22.40241,220.41076),byrow=T,nrow=2)

(Qinverse %*% c(1,1)) / as.numeric((t(c(1,1)) %*% Qinverse %*% c(1,1)))

## [,1]
## [1,] 0.4207188
## [2,] 0.5792812

(b)

0.01219724 = (1 x)Rf + xRA

0.01219724 = (1 x)0.011 + x(0.01315856)
x = 0.5546475
x1 = 0.5546475 0.4207 = 0.2333402
x2 = 0.5546475 0.5793 = 0.3213073
Therefore the composition of portfolio B will be 55.5% of portfolio A and 44.5% in risk-free asset. Or 44.5%
in Rf , 23.3% in stock 1 and 32.2% in stock 2.

(c)

A better strategy is to find the point of tangency and move up from point B until we reach the tangent. This
point will be a combination of the point of tangency G and the risk free asset Rf

Exercise 6

(a)

var(X) = E(X 2 ) (E(X))2 = 10 9 = 1

sd(X) = 1
var(Y ) = E(Y ) (E(Y ))2 = 29 4 = 25
2

sd(Y ) = 5
cov(X, Y ) = E(XY ) E(X)E(Y ) = 0 6 = 6
XY = cov(XY )/(var(X) var(Y )) = 6/(5 1) = 1.2
However, 1 1, therefore X and Y cannot have these properties.

11
(b)

AB
AB = A B
A B
qm
2
= q
A
2 2 + 2
m A B2 2 + 2
m B

0.791.120.0022
=
0.792 0.0022+0.0027 1.122 0.0022+0.006
AB = 0.12

(c)
B
B t/2,n2 Pm 2
t=1 (Rmt Rm )

1.12 0.43
0.69 B 1.55

(d)
2
Pm
SST = SSR + SSE = A t=1 (Rmt Rm ) + (m 2)2A
SST = 0.0792 (0.13) + 58 (0.0027)
R2 = SSR/SST
R2 = 0.049

Exercise 7

(a)
P3
p = i=1 xi i = 0.3(1.08) + 0.5(0.8) + 0.2(1.22) = 0.968
P3
p = i=1 xi i = 0.3(0.01) + 0.5(0.04) + 0.2(0.08) = 0.039

(b)

Rp = p + p Rm = 0.039 + 0.968 0.1 = 0.1358

P3
p2 = p2 m
2
+ i=1 x2i 2i
p2 = 0.9682 0.002 + 0.3(0.003) + 0.5(0.006) + 0.2(0.001) = 0.003684048
p = 0.06069636
RC = (1 x)Rf + xRp = 0.6(0.002) + 1.6(0.1358) = 0.21608
C = xp = 1.6(0.06069636) = 0.097

12
data <- read.table("http://www.stat.ucla.edu/~nchristo/datac183c283/statc183c283_abc.txt", header=T)
sigma_p <- (data$a^2*(1.08^2*0.002+0.003)+data$b^2*(0.8^2*0.002+0.006)+data$c^2*(1.22*0.002+0.001)+
2*data$a*data$b*(1.08*0.8*0.002)+2*data$a*data$c*(1.08*1.22*0.002)+
2*data$b*data$c*(0.8*1.22*0.002))^.5
rp_bar <- data$a*(0.01+1.08*0.1)+data$b*(0.04+0.8*0.1)+data$c*(0.08+1.22*0.1)
plot(sigma_p, rp_bar, xlab=expression(sigma[p]),ylab=expression(bar(R[p])),cex=0.5)
points(0.097, 0.21608, col="red", cex=2, pch=19)
0.5
0.4
0.3
Rp

0.2
0.1
0.0

0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

(c)
2
cov(Rp , Rm ) = p m = 0.968(0.002) = 0.001936

(d)

RC = 0.4(0.002) + 0.6(0.1358) = 0.08228

C = 0.6(0.060696) = 0.03642

(e)
2
cov(R1 , Rm ) = cov(1 + 1 Rm + 1 , Rm ) = 1 m = 1.08(0.002) = 0.00216

13