The document discusses key aspects of system fundamentals in computer science. It describes the typical life cycles for software and hardware development, which involve stages like planning, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. A new computer system includes hardware, software, developers, users and environment. When planning a new system, considerations include organizational issues, stakeholder participation, required training, and feasibility studies. Feasibility studies evaluate if a project is worthwhile based on technical, economic, legal and other criteria. Types of feasibility include operational feasibility, which examines how a system will be implemented and how users will respond to changes.
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IB Computer Science Summary
The document discusses key aspects of system fundamentals in computer science. It describes the typical life cycles for software and hardware development, which involve stages like planning, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. A new computer system includes hardware, software, developers, users and environment. When planning a new system, considerations include organizational issues, stakeholder participation, required training, and feasibility studies. Feasibility studies evaluate if a project is worthwhile based on technical, economic, legal and other criteria. Types of feasibility include operational feasibility, which examines how a system will be implemented and how users will respond to changes.
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IB Computer Science Summary:
Topic 1 System Fundamentals:
System Life cycle:
The stages through which the development of a new system passes through. Software development stages: 1. Existing system analysis (Planning and Analysis) 2. Requirements specification (Design Overview) 3. Software design (Development) 4. Software implementation (Development) 5. Testing and debugging (Evaluation) 6. New system installation (Development) 7. Maintenance (Evaluation) 8. Repeat
A new system can be created to replace a system that has become inefficient, old, redundant, or out of date. The purpose of the new system is to increase efficiency, quality of output and minimize costs. A computer system includes:
Updating /Implementing a new software may involve actions such as:
training new employees (e.g. Newton Teachers with the Google Classroom), changing the physical location of the server and even firing employees that the system has replaced.
Features to take in consideration while Planning a new
system: Organizational Issues (state of disagreement caused by opposition of needs, values and interests between people working in a system).
Lack of guiding organizational and business strategies (bad
investments and mismanagement of resources) Lack of stakeholder and end-user participation Lack of attention to required training e.g. (Teachers not trained enough to use a new school software) Lack of attention to design of tasks of job, allocation of information system tasks, and the overall usability of the system. E.g. (Put a Math teacher to teach English) Feasibility: Feasibility is the study that evaluates and analyses a project and its potential, based on various technical, economical, legal, operational and scheduling criteria. It is used to decide whether a project is worth developing. Types of Feasibility: Operational feasibility is the study of how the system will be implement, how the sytem works, how will it be implemented and how users will react to the change. Operational feasibility answers the following questions: Process How do the end-users feel about a new process that may be implemented? Evaluation Whether or not the process within the organization will work but also if it can work. Implementation Stakeholder, manager, and end- user tasks. Resistance Evaluate management, team, and individual resistance and how that resistance will be handled. In-House Strategies How will the work environment be affected? How much will it change? Adapt & Review Once change resistance is overcome, explain how the new process will be implemented along with a review process to monitor the process change.