1-6 Silicon Diodes 1987 COMPE

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DT-470 Features Interchangeable The DT-470/471 Silicon

Diode temperature sensors incorporate
Advanced, hermetic remarkably uniform sensing elements that
Silicon Diodes

ceramic and sapphire exhibit precise, repeatable, monotonic

packaging with the lowest temperature response over a wide range.
self-heating errors The elements are mounted into rugged,
Monotonic temperature hermetically-sealed packages that have been
response over its useful specifically designed for proper thermal
range from 1.4 K to 475 K behavior in a cryogenic environment. The result
is a family of sensors with temperature
All sensors follow a characteristics so predictable, tightly grouped
standard temperature and stable, that the sensors in most DT-470/DT-471-SD
response curve (Curve 10) applications can be routinely interchanged with
one another.
Available in five tolerance
Repeatable The small silicon chip in each Typical Magnetic Field-Dependent
bands to a standard curve Temperature Errors(1) T/T (%)
(Curve 10) sensor has a temperature characteristic that is
at B (magnetic induction) for Silicon Diodes
well known and stable. The SD sensor package
Repeatability at 4.2 K is designed to withstand repeated cycling to low Package Base Parallel to Field
typically 10 mK over temperatures without mechanical failure. B (tesla)
repeated thermal cycling Repeatability at 4.2 K over repeated thermal T(K) 1 2 3 4 5
cycling from room temperature to helium
High sensitivity for critical 4.2 -200 -300 -350 -400 -500
temperature is typically 10 mK or better. 20 -10 -20 -25 -30 -40
low temperature Repeatability from 1.4 K to 330 K is typically 40 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12
measurements better than 20 mK. For long term stability, see 60 -0.5 -1 -2 -3 -3.5
the specifications. 80 < 0.1 -0.5 -0.8 -1.1 -1.5
Accommodates a variety 300 < -0.1 < -0.1 < -0.1 < -0.1 < -0.1
of mounting adapters and Accurate All DT-470/471 Silicon Diodes follow
probe assemblies a standard temperature response curve, Curve Package Base Perpendicular to Field
10 (See the Reference Section). For the DT-470 B (tesla)
Useful above 60 K in diodes, five tolerance bands are offered to allow T(K) 1 2 3 4 5
magnetic fields up to sensor selection that will meet both technical
5 tesla 4.2 -8 -9 -11 -15 -20
and economic requirements. Within these five 20 -4 -5 -5 -5 -10
SoftCal calibration bands, low temperature accuracies of 0.25 K, 40 -1.5 -3 -4 -5 -5.5
0.5 K and 1 K are available. For the DT-471 60 -0.5 -0.7 -0.8 -1 -1.1
available 80 -0.1 -0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7
diodes, accuracy is 1.5 K or 1.5% of
300 <0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.6
temperature reading, whichever is greater, from
10 K to 475 K. For more demanding (1) As can be seen from the table above, magnetic
DT-471 Features requirements, DT-470/DT-471 diodes can be field-induced temperature errors are strongly
used with SoftCal, or these sensors can be orientation dependent. To minimize this effect, the
Temperature range: 10 K sensor should be oriented so that the package base is
to 475 K calibrated to accuracies of 50 mK or better.
perpendicular to the magnetic field flux lines; this
results in the diode current being parallel to the
Follows Curve 10 from magnetic field.
10 K to 475 K
The DT-471 Silicon Diode sensors offer an
Accuracy: 1.5 K or inexpensive alternative for situations in
1.5% of temperature which temperature measurement below
reading, whichever is 10 K is not necessary and a tolerance band
greater wider than Band 13 is acceptable. The upper
operating temperature is 475 K for the Model What is SoftCal ?
Shares other benefits with DT-471-SD, and it's available with (CO)
the DT-470 mounting adapter to 475 K. Because the SoftCal is a 2-point or 3-point calibration
Repeatability DT-471 package/mounting adapter which offers improved accuracy without the cost
configurations are identical to those for the of a full calibration. SoftCal is available for
Sensitivity DT-470 diodes, installation and operation Silicon Diodes and platinum sensors.
Mounting procedures are identical.
For detailed information on SoftCal,
B dependence CalCurve and Curve 10, see the Reference
Section.
SoftCal calibration
available

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 Silicon Diodes 1-7
DT-414, DT-420 Series Features and Description
DT-414 Features DT-414 Unencapsulated Silicon Diodes
The Model DT-414 uses the Silicon Diode chip
Temperature range: used in the DT-470s. It is mounted on a flat
1.4 K to 375 K substrate. This chip-level sensor offers
(Calibration not minimal thermal mass and minimal physical
available above 325 K) size. Die attachment is with silver epoxy. The
Small mass for rapid chip is unencapsulated, leaving the fragile

Silicon Diodes
thermal response gold wires exposed.

Incorporates The DT-414 is supplied in a Gel-Pak with

non-magnetic materials 0.5" to 1" long, 50 m diameter gold leads. If it
is desired to wirebond the chip into a circuit
using the user's wire, the gold ball bonds can
be removed using a sharp blade. This will
leave more room for attachment of new gold
or aluminum wire. The leads (as supplied) can
also be thermo-compression bonded or
soldered at their free ends.

DT-420 Features DT-420 Miniature Silicon Diode

The DT-420 subminiature Silicon Diode
Temperature range:
temperature sensor is configured for
1.4 K to 325 K
installation on flat surfaces. The DT-420
Repeatability (at 4.2 K) sensor package exhibits precise, monotonic
typically 50 mK over temperature response over its useful range
repeated thermal and is designed to withstand repeated cycling
cycling to low temperatures without mechanical
failure. The sensor chip is in direct contact
Exposed flat substrate with the epoxy dome which causes increased
for surface mounting voltage at 4.2 K and prevents full range
conformity to the Curve 10. The anode lead is
Incorporates
electrically connected to the platinum base
non-magnetic materials
and should be isolated by the user for
Small mass for rapid installation on metallic surfaces (see
thermal response Reference Section). Also see the Accuracy
specification for the difference between the
DT-421 and DT-422.

Typical Voltage and Sensitivity Values for Silicon Diodes

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 1-8 Silicon Diodes

Specifications
DT-470-SD and DT-471-SD DT-414
Temperature
Useful range
Minimum 1.4 K (10 K for the DT-471) 1.4 K
Maximum 475 K 375 K
Maximum storage temperature 305 K 305 K
Standard curve Curve 10 (5 tolerance bands for DT-470) Curve 10
Voltage (typical) 1.626 V at 4.2 K; 1.020 V at 77 K; 0.507 V at 305 K (both models)
Silicon Diodes

Sensitivity (typical) -33.6 mV/K at 4.2 K (DT-470 only); -1.91 mV/K at 77 K; -33.6 mV/K at 4.2 K; -1.91 mV/K at 77 K;
-2.41 mV/K at 305 K -2.41 mV/K at 305 K
Repeatability (typically) 10 mK or better at 4.2 K; 20 mK (1.4 K to 330 K) 10 mK or better at 4.2 K; 20 mK (1.4 K to 330 K)
Accuracy (interchangeability) DT-470: Curve 10 (Band 11 to Band 13 1.5 K or 1.5% whichever is greater
DT-471: 1.5 K or 1.5% whichever is greater(10 K to 475 K)
Accuracy (SoftCal)
2 point 0.25 K (30 K to 60 K) Not applicable
(77 K and 305 K) 0.15 K (60 K to 345 K)
0.25 K (345 K to 375 K)
1.0 K (375 K to 475 K)

3 point (DT-470 only) 0.5 K (2 K to 30 K) Not applicable

(4.2 K, 77 K and 305 K) 0.25 K (30 K to 60 K)
0.15 K (60 K to 345 K)
0.25 K (345 K to 375 K)
1.0 K (375 K to 475 K)

Accuracy (calibrated) 20 mK < 10 K; 50 mK (10 K to 330 K); 55 mK (330 K to 475 K) (all models)
Stability
Short-term 20 mK or better (1.4 K to 330 K) 20 mK or better (1.4 K to 330 K)
10 mK or better at 4.2 K

Long-term (per year) 10 mK/year at 4.2 K 10 mK/year at 4.2 K

40 mK/year at 77 K 40 mK/year at 77 K
25 mK/year at 300 K 25 mK/year at 300 K
Thermal response time (SD package) Typical <10 milliseconds at 4.2 K; 100 milliseconds at 77K; 200 milliseconds at 305 K (all models)
Recommended recalibration schedule Annual Annual

Excitation
Recommended 10 A 0.05% 10 A 0.05%
Maximum reverse voltage (diode) 40 VDC 40 VDC
Maximum forward current (diode) 500 A continuous or 5 mA in <100 microsecond pulses (all models)
Maximum current before damage 1 mA continuous 1 mA continuous
Dissipation at rated excitation 17 W at 4.2 K; 10 W at 77 K; 5 W at 300 K 17 W at 4.2 K; 10 W at 77 K; 5 W at 300 K
Units range 0 to 2 volts 0 to 2 volts
Lead wire configuration (polarity) Positive lead on right with package lid up Positive lead on left with chip up and
and leads towards user. leads towards user.

Physical Specifications
Materials in the sensor/construction Sapphire base with alumina body and lid Alumina base, with metallization 0.1 mm of
Molybdenum/manganese metallization on base and lid molybdenum, 0.2 mm gold
top withnickel and gold plating. Gold-tin solder as
hermetic lid seal. Silicon chip with aluminum metallization.
Size 1 mm high x 1.9 mm wide x 3.2 mm long 0.5 mm high x 0.63 mm wide x 1.52 mm dia.
Mass 37 milligrams 3 milligrams
Leads
Size 0.38 mm x 0.1 mm thick x 12.7 mm long 50 m diameter x 2.54 mm long
Number Two (2) Two (2)
Material Nickel and gold plated Kovar Gold
Insulation None None
Internal atmosphere Package hermetically sealed Not applicable

Environmental
Radiation effects See Reference Section See Reference Section
Magnetic fields Not recommended for use in magnetic field applications below 60 K. Low magnetic field dependence when
used in fields up to 5 tesla above 60 K (all three models).
Vacuum vs. liquid differences at 4.2 K Typically 5 mK to 35 mK depending on configuration. See application note Self-heating Temperature
Errors in Silicon Diode Temperature Sensors in the Reference Section (both models).
ESD sensitivity Better than 3000 static volts 3000 static volts
Noise sensitivity Can be significant(1) Can be significant(1)

(1) See the application note titled "Measurement system induced errors in diode thermometry," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57 (4), April 1986. Lake Shore order number 1420.
Also see the Reference Section.

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 Silicon Diodes 1-9
Specifications
DT-421/ 422
Temperature
Useful range
Minimum 1.4 K (must be calibrated for use below 10 K)
Maximum 325 K
Maximum storage temperature 305 K
Standard curve DT-421 follows Curve 10 to a tolerance of 2.0 K or 1.5%
of temperature from 10 K to 325K, whichever is greater.

Silicon Diodes
DT-422 follows Curve 10 to a tolerance of 1.0 K or 1.0%
of temperature from 40 K to 325 K, whichever is greater.
Voltage (typical) 1.789 V at 4.2 K; 1.020 V at 77 K; 0.507 V at 305 K
Sensitivity (typical) -36 mV/K at 4.2 K; -2 mV/K at 100 K; -2.4 mV/K at 305 K
Repeatability Repeatability at 4.2 K is required to be better than 50 mK over three thermal cycles for device acceptance.
Repeatability is typically better than 10 mK.
Accuracy (interchangeability) DT-421: 2 K or 1.5% temperature from 10 K to 325 K, whichever is greater
DT-422: 2 K from 10 K to 40 K; Band 13; from 40 K to 325 K, whichever is greater
Accuracy (SoftCal) 2 point:
0.25 K (30 K to 60 K)
0.15 K (60 K to 325 K)

Accuracy (calibrated) 50 mK or better

Stability
Short-term 25 mK at 4.2 K
Long-term (per year) 10 mK/year at 4.2 K
40 mK/year at 77 K
25 mK/year at 300 K
Thermal response time <10 milliseconds at 4.2 K; 100 milliseconds at 77K; 200 milliseconds at 305 K (both models)
Recommended recalibration schedule Annual

Excitation
Recommended 10 A 0.05%
Maximum reverse voltage (diode) 40 VDC
Maximum forward current (diode) 500 A continuous or 5 mA in <100 microsecond pulses
Maximum power before damage 2 mW continuous
Dissipation at rated excitation 17 W at 4.2 K; 10 W at 77 K, 5 W at 300 K
Units range 0 to 2 volts
Lead wire configuration (polarity) Positive lead is right-hand ribbon with the platinum disk down and the leads towards the user.

Physical Specifications
Materials in the sensor/construction The sensing element is mounted to a platinum disk and covered with a dome of Stycast epoxy.
Size in millimeters <1 mm high x 1.25 mm diameter
Mass 23 milligrams
Leads
Size 0.5 mm x 0.25 mm x 25 mm long
Number Two (2)
Material Platinum ribbon with ends tinned with 60/40 PbSn solder.
Insulation None

Environmental
Radiation effects See Reference Section
Magnetic fields Not recommended for use in magnetic field applications below 60 K. Low magnetic field dependence when used
in fields up to 5 tesla above 60 K.
Vacuum vs. liquid differences <100 mK at 4.2 K typical greased to copper block in vacuum
ESD sensitivity 3000 static volts or better
Noise sensitivity Can be significant(1)

(1) See the application note titled "Measurement system induced errors in diode thermometry," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57 (4), April 1986. Lake Shore order number 1420.
Also see the Reference Section.

For information on Packages

for Sensor Installation,
see pages 1-40 to 1-42.

Adding lead length to

sensors - see page 1-43.

Lake Shore (614) 891-2244 Fax: (614) 818-1600 www.lakeshore.com EMail: [email protected]
 1-10 Silicon Diodes

Curve 10
Measurement Current = 10 microamperes, 0.05%
All DT-470, DT-471, DT-421*,
Tolerance Bands for
DT-422* and DT-414 Silicon
DT-470 Silicon Diodes
Diode temperature sensors
follow the same standard Standard Curve 10 Tolerance Bands
Silicon Diodes

temperature response curve, Band 2 K - 100 K 100 K - 305 K 305 K - 475 K

Curve 10 (table below). 11 0.25 K 0.5 K 1.0 K

Consequently, Lake Shore's 11A 0.25 K 1% of temp. 1% of temp.
Silicon Diodes can be 12 0.5 K 1.0 K 2.0 K
interchanged with one another 12A 0.5 K 1% of temp. 1% of temp.
routinely in any application 13 1.0 K 1% of temperature
utilizing this response curve.
Curve 10 is programmed into
all Lake Shore temperature
controllers, digital
thermometers and cryopump
monitors.
Shaded portion highlights truncated portion of Curve 10 corresponding to the
reduced temperature range of DT-471 diode sensors. Note that packaging may
limit the allowable temperature range, especially at the high end.

* Partial conformances

T Voltage dV/dT T Voltage dV/dT T Voltage dV/dT

(K) (V) (mV/K) (K) (V) (mV/K) (K) (V) (mV/K)
1.40 1.69812 -13.1 16.5 1.27607 -18.2 100.0 0.97550 -2.04
1.60 1.69521 -15.9 17.0 1.26702 -18.0 110.0 0.95487 -2.08
1.80 1.69177 -18.4 17.5 1.25810 -17.7 120.0 0.93383 -2.12
2.00 1.68786 -20.7 18.0 1.24928 -17.6 130.0 0.91243 -2.16
2.20 1.68352 -22.7 18.5 1.24053 -17.4 140.0 0.89072 -2.19

2.40 1.67880 -24.4 19.0 1.23184 -17.4 150.0 0.86873 -2.21

2.60 1.67376 -25.9 19.5 1.22314 -17.4 160.0 0.84650 -2.24
2.80 1.66845 -27.1 20.0 1.21440 -17.6 170.0 0.82404 -2.26
3.00 1.66292 -28.1 21.0 1.19645 -18.5 180.0 0.80138 -2.28
3.20 1.65721 -29.0 22.0 1.17705 -20.6 190.0 0.77855 -2.29

3.40 1.65134 -29.8 23.0 1.15558 -21.7 200.0 0.75554 -2.31

3.60 1.64529 -30.7 24.0 1.13598 -15.9 210.0 0.73238 -2.32
3.80 1.63905 -31.6 25.0 1.12463 -7.72 220.0 0.70908 -2.34
4.00 1.63263 -32.7 26.0 1.11896 -4.34 230.0 0.68564 -2.35
4.20 1.62602 -33.6 27.0 1.11517 -3.34 240.0 0.66208 -2.36

4.40 1.61920 -34.6 28.0 1.11212 -2.82 250.0 0.63841 -2.37

4.60 1.61220 -35.4 29.0 1.10945 -2.53 260.0 0.61465 -2.38
4.80 1.60506 -36.0 30.0 1.10702 -2.34 270.0 0.59080 -2.39
5.00 1.59782 -36.5 32.0 1.10263 -2.08 273.15 0.58327 -2.39
5.50 1.57928 -37.6 34.0 1.09864 -1.92 280.0 0.56690 -2.39

6.00 1.56027 -38.4 36.0 1.09490 -1.83 290.0 0.54294 -2.40

6.50 1.54097 -38.7 38.0 1.09131 -1.77 300.0 0.51892 -2.40
7.00 1.52166 -38.4 40.0 1.08781 -1.74 305.0 0.50688 -2.41
7.50 1.50272 -37.3 42.0 1.08436 -1.72 310.0 0.49484 -2.41
8.00 1.48443 -35.8 44.0 1.08093 -1.72 320.0 0.47069 -2.42

8.50 1.46700 -34.0 46.0 1.07748 -1.73 330.0 0.44647 -2.42

9.00 1.45048 -32.1 48.0 1.07402 -1.74 340.0 0.42221 -2.43
9.50 1.43488 -30.3 50.0 1.07053 -1.75 350.0 0.39783 -2.44
10.0 1.42013 -28.7 52.0 1.06700 -1.77 360.0 0.37337 -2.45
10.5 1.40615 -27.2 54.0 1.06346 -1.78 370.0 0.34881 -2.46

11.0 1.39287 -25.9 56.0 1.05988 -1.79 380.0 0.32416 -2.47

11.5 1.38021 -24.8 58.0 1.05629 -1.80 390.0 0.29941 -2.48
12.0 1.36809 -23.7 60.0 1.05267 -1.81 400.0 0.27456 -2.49
12.5 1.35647 -22.8 65.0 1.04353 -1.84 410.0 0.24963 -2.50
13.0 1.34530 -21.9 70.0 1.03425 -1.87 420.0 0.22463 -2.50

13.5 1.33453 -21.2 75.0 1.02482 -1.91 430.0 0.19961 -2.50

14.0 1.32412 -20.5 77.35 1.02032 -1.92 440.0 0.17464 -2.49
14.5 1.31403 -19.9 80.0 1.01525 -1.93 450.0 0.14985 -2.46
15.0 1.30422 -19.4 85.0 1.00552 -1.96 460.0 0.12547 -2.41
15.5 1.29464 -18.9 90.0 0.99565 -1.99 470.0 0.10191 -2.30
16.0 1.28527 -18.6 95.0 0.98564 -2.02 475.0 0.09062 -2.22

Lake Shore (614) 891-2244 Fax: (614) 818-1600 www.lakeshore.com EMail: [email protected]
 Silicon Diodes 1-11
Ordering Information
Accessories suggested for installation
Uncalibrated sensor See the Reference Section for (see Section 3):
Specify the Model number in the left a detailed description of Stycast Epoxy
column only, for example DT-470-BO-11. Apiezon Grease
Installation IMI-7031 Varnish
Calibrated sensor Uncalibrated sensors Indium Solder
Add Calibration Range Suffix Code to SoftCal 90% Pb, 10% Sn Solder
the end of the Model number, for exampe Calibrated sensors Phosphor-Bronze Wire
DT-470-BO-13-1.4L. CalCurve Manganin Wire
Sensor packages CryoCable

Silicon Diodes
DT-470 Calibration Range Suffix Codes
Numeric figure is the low end of the calibration.
SoftCal Letters represent the high end: D = 100 K, L = 325 K, H = 475 K.
Model number 2S 3S 1.4D 1.4L 1.4H 4D 4L 4H 10L 10H 70L 70H
DT-470-BO-11
DT-470-BO-11A
DT-470-BO-12
DT-470-BO-12A
DT-470-BO-13
DT-470-BR-11
DT-470-BR-11A
DT-470-BR-12
DT-470-BR-12A
DT-470-BR-13
DT-470-CO/ET/LR/MT-11
DT-470-CO/ET/LR/MT-11A
DT-470-CO/ET/LR/MT-12
DT-470-CO/ET/LR/MT-12A
DT-470-CO-13
DT-470-CU-11
DT-470-CU-11A
DT-470-CU-12
DT-470-CU-12A
DT-470-CU-13
DT-470-CY-12
DT-470-CY-12A
DT-470-CY-13
DT-470-DI-13
DT-470-ET-13
DT-470-LR-13
DT-470-MT-13
DT-470-SD-11
DT-470-SD-11A
DT-470-SD-12
DT-470-SD-12A
DT-470-SD-13

DT-471-BO
DT-471-BR
DT-471-CO
DT-471-CU
DT-471-CY
DT-471-DI
DT-471-ET/LR/MT
DT-471-SD

DT-414-UN

DT-421-HR
DT-422-HR

Model number 2S 3S 1.4D 1.4L 1.4H 4D 4L 4H 10L 10H 70L 70H

Other packaging available through special order. Please consult Lake Shore.

Accessories available for sensors

The DT-414 is extremely fragile and Handling ECRIT Expanded interpolation
difficult to handle because of its small 1. Fragile assembly, must not be turned over on gold table
size and exposed fine wires. wire bond side. Handle by edges of substrate or by SCR Special calibration
Lake Shore recommends that an SD 50 m diameter gold leads. report
package be used unless there is a size 8000 Calibration report on
restriction that requires the smaller sensor. floppy disk
2. Unencapsulated device must not be exposed to COC-SEN Certificate of
moisture or corrosive atmosphere. conformance
Lake Shore does not warrant mechanical
damage to the DT-414.

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