EXTENDING METRO ETHERNET

ACROSS SONET/SDH TRANSPORT

INFRASTRUCTURE
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Agenda

Metro Ethernet Services and Transport

Ethernet over SONET (EoS)
Ring Architecture and Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)
Design and Implementation Case Study
Summary

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 METRO ETHERNET SERVICES
AND TRANSPORT

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Metro Ethernet Services

Ethernet-Based Services

Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3

Point-to-Point Multipoint

Ethernet
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
Relay MPLS
Private Relay Wire Private Multipoint
Multipoint VPN
Line Service Service Ring Service
Service

Virtual Transparent LAN

Private LAN Service
Similar to a Leased Line over a Packet Network
Analogous to Frame Relay Using VLANs for Multiplexing
Analogous to Private Line over SONET/SDH/xWDM Network
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 SLA and Contributing Components

Dictated by Redundancy, Resiliency

99.975%
SERVICE UPTIME and Availability (Equipment,
Network, Protocols), Security

Dictated by QoS Mechanisms,

20ms
JITTER Transport Choice (SONET/SDH,
Native Ethernet,)

PACKET 99.9% Dictated by QoS Mechanisms,

DELIVERY Transport Choice,
RATE Protection Types

40ms
ROUND-TRIP Dictated by QoS Mechanisms,
DELAY Transport Choice

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Metro Ethernet Architecture

Integrated System
Full-Service Efficient Large-Scale Intelligent Multiservice
Customer Access Aggregation Edge Core
Equipment
CE U-PE PE-Agg PE P

Si

Si

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 Metro Ethernet Transport
Native Ethernet Ring over Dark Fiber Native P-t-P Ethernet over Dark Fiber
Metro A U-PE Metro C
PE-AGG

10/100/ GE Ring Si Hub and

1000 Mbps Spoke 10/100/
1000 Mbps
U-PE

P, PE

Metro B 10/100/
1000 Mbps
DWDM/ SONET/DWDM 1
10 0/1
CDWM Ring 00 00
M /
bp
s

U-PE U-PE Metro D

Native Ethernet Ring over WDM Ethernet over SONET/DWDM

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ETHERNET OVER
SONET/SDH (EoS)

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 Enable Service over SONET
Transparent Services Module
Bit Rate Independent Encap- SONET/SDH
Ex. Fibre Channel sulation Infrastructure

Mapper Module for Private Line

Gigabit
Encap-
Ethernet Transport
sulation
Frame Bandwidth
Utilization
High-Speed Aggregation Module Developments:
Encap- BW Scaling,
10 GigE Vcat, LCAS
sulation
and RPR
Data Switching ADM Module w/SLAs
Ethernet Frame Switching Encap-
10/100/1000 Mbps Functions sulation
Encapsulation
Advanced Mechanism
QoS Multiservice Architectural
Developments:
Considerations:
Developments Provisioning .1Q, QinQ, PPP, GFP
Platform (MSPP) EoMPLS, L2TPv3
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SONET Frame Format

STS-1 Building Block

90 Bytes
3 Bytes 87 Bytes
3 Rows

Section
Overhead
Path Overhead

STS-1 Synchronous Payload Envelope

6 Rows

Line
Overhead

90 Columns of Bytes x 9 Rows of Bytes = 810 Bytes per Frame

810 Bytes x 8 Bits per Byte = 6480 Bits per Frame
6480 Bits/Frame x 8000 Frames/Second = 51.84 Mbps
49.5 Mbps (Payload Bandwidth)
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 Common SONET Frames
270 Columns
STS-3

9 Rows
155.52 Mbps (149.8 Mbps Payload)

1,080 Columns
STS-12
9 Rows
622.08 Mbps (600.8 Mbps Payload)

4,320 Columns
STS-48
9 Rows
2488.32 Mbps

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SONET Transmission Rates

Fiber Optic Synchronous SONET/SDH

Equivalent
Signal Transport Rate Line Rate in DSOs
OC Level Signal STS Channel
Mbps
OC-1 STS-1 51.84 1 28 672
OC-3 STS-3 155.52 3 84 2016
OC-12 STS-12 622.08 12 336 8064
OC-48 STS-48 2488.32 48 1344 32256
OC-192 STS-192 9953.28 192 5376 129071

Synchronous optical networks

ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard design to
enable high capacity optical transport
SDH is the international version based on ITU (International
Telecommunication Union) standards
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 EoS Encapsulation

MSPP implementations today:

Proprietary PPP/HDLC/LEX
Bridge Control Protocol (BCP)RFC 2878
Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)802.17

Driving toward multivendor, multi-SP

interoperability
Goal: eliminate book ending of
proprietary systems

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HDLC

HDLC Frame Format

Interframe Address Control Data Checksum Interframe

Fill (FCS) Fill
0x7E 1 or 2 Bytes 1 or 2 Bytes 0 to N Bytes 1 or 2 Bytes 0X7E

Frame format (excluding payload) 58 bytes

Address and control field content is variable

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 PPP/BCP
RFC 2615PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) over SONET/SDH
(obsoletes RFC 1619)
PPP in HDLC framing (RFC 1662)
BCPBridge Control Protocol (RFC 2878)
Defines an encapsulation for Ethernet (802.3), 802.4, 802.5 and FDDI
Uses PPPs link control procedures for link establishment
X43 + 1 self-synchronous scrambler
IP PPP FCS stuffing scrambling SONET/SDH framing
Path Signal Label (C2)
22 (0x16) = PPP with X43 + 1 scrambling
207 (0xCF) = PPP without scrambling

Flag Address Control Protocol ID Information FCS Flag

0x7E 0xFF 0x03 1 or 2 Bytes Variable/Pad 2 or 4 Bytes 0X7E

Frame format (excluding payload) 710 bytes

Address and control field content is fixed
Protocol ID describes payload
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GFP Encapsulation
ITU-T G.7041 Generic Framing Procedure
GFP is defined by ITU-T for packet encapsulation over SONET/SDH
transport network that outlines the following functions:
Encapsulation of L2/L3 PDU client signals (GFP-F)
Encapsulation/mapping of block coded client signals (GFP-T)
Multiplexing of multiple client signals into a single payload

Escon/Ficon Escon/Ficon

L2/L3 L2/L3
Switch Switch
10/100/GbE 10/100/GbE
MSPP MSPP
Bridge/Switch/Router Data Layer Bridge/Switch/Router
in TNE Network in TNE

PHY-
PHY-T GFP GFP GFP GFP GFP GFP PHY-
PHY-T
PHY-
PHY-Y PHY-
PHY-Y
10Base Transport Layer Network 10Base
ESCON ESCON
100Base FICON FICON 100Base
1000Base Fiber Channel Fibre Channel 1000Base
10GBase 1000BaseLX 1000BaseLX 10GBase
1000BaseCX 1000BaseCX
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 GFP Protocol Details

Three Types of GFP Frames:

Header
PLI

Core
Usercontain data payload
cHEC
Controlcontain OA
PHType

Payload Header
and M information
and/or perform client PHtHEC

(PH)
management functions

Payload Area
PHEHF
Idle framesused for
PHeHEC
rate adaptation
(use only PLI
Payload Information Field
and cHEC fields)
Payload FCS (Optional)

GFP User Frame

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GFP Core Header

Two Fields:
Header

PLI
Core

PLIPDU Length Indicator

(2 bytes)number of octets in cHEC
the GFP payload area
cHECCore Header Error
Control (2 bytes)CRC-16
single-bit error correction and
multi-bit error detection for
core header*

* Based on ITU-T Recommendation V.41

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 GFP Protocol Details

Payload area: (465535 bytes)all

octets after core header; two common
components: payload header and
payload
information field
Payload header: (464 bytes) PHType

Payload Header
supports data link management
procedures specific to higher PHtHEC

(PH)
layer clients signals

Payload Area
PHEHF
PH type: (2 bytes)indicates
content and format of payload PHeHEC
information field
PH tHEC: (2 bytes)CRC-16 for
PH type field
Payload Information Field
PH EHF: Extension Header
Field (060bytes)technology Payload FCS (Optional)
specific data link header,
variant is indicated via EXI sub-
field of the type field
PH eHEC: CRC-16 for Extension
Header Field

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Ethernet Frame-Mapped
Frame-Mapped GFP Ethernet Example
IPGs (Inter-Packet Gap)
deleted/restored during
Header

PLI
Payload
Header

Core

GFP encapsulation/de- cHEC

encapsulation TYPE
tHEC
Preamble and SOF Preamble Extension
stripped from frame Start of
Header Field
eHEC
Payload Area

FrameDelimiter
1-to-1 relationship MAC Dest Addr MAC Dest Addr
between Ethernet frame MAC SRC Addr MAC SRC Addr
and GFP frame Length/Type Length/Type
MAC Client Data
Can accommodate MAC Client Data
(+PAD) (+PAD)
jumbo+ frame sizes Ethernet FCS Ethernet FCS

Ethernet
GFP Frame
MAC Frame

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 IP/PPP Frame-Mapped
Frame-Mapped GFP IP/PPP/HDLC Example
One-to-one relationship
between PPP/HDLC frame PLI

Payload
Header
and GFP frame cHEC
TYPE
HDLC flags and control
tHEC
escape flags (0x7e) Extension
removed for transport and Header Field
Flag eHEC

Payload Area
reinserted at far end
Address Address
Control Control
PPP Type PPPType
PPP Payload
Payload
+ PAD
(PAD) FCS
FCS
GFP Frame
PPP Frame
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STS Bandwidth Scaling

STS-12c
10/100 EoS Card STS-6c GigE EoS Card
STS-3c
STS-1
Port 1
Gigabit Ethernet (GBIC) Ports

STS 1 STS-1
10/100 RJ 45 Ethernet Ports

Port 2 STS 1 STS-3c

Port 3 Port 1
STS 1 STS-6c
ETHERNET CARD
ETHERNET CARD

Port 4 STS 1 STS-9c

Port 2
Port 5 STS 1 STS-12c
Port 6 STS 1 Port 3 STS-24c
Port 7 STS 1
Port 8 STS 1 Port 4
Port 9 STS 1
Port 10 STS 1
Port 11 STS 1
Port 12 STS 1

Ethernet (10BaseT) can be transported using STS-1 circuit

Fast Ethernet (100BaseT) can be transported using STS-3c circuit
GigE can be transported using STS-24c
Subrate GigE can be transported using STS-6c/9c/12c circuits
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 Transport Efficiency for Data Services
VCAT and LCAS
Point-to-Point Data Transport NG-ADM/MSPP through Legacy ADM/XC
MSPP MSPP

EoS ADM EoS

POS

POS
ADM/XC

STS-1, STS-3c
STS-1-Xv, STS-3c-Xv

Point-to-Point Transport over BLSR with Protection Bandwidth Utilization

MSPP

MSPP EoS MSPP

EoS
BLSR
Bidirectional Line Switched Ring

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Virtual Concatenation Efficiencies

SONET Paths

Service Bit Rate Without VCAT With VCAT

Ethernet 10 Mbit/s STS-1 (20%) VT1.57v (89%)

Fast Ethernet 100 Mbit/s STS-3c (67%) STS-12v (~100%)

Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Mbit/s STS-48c (42%) STS-3c7v (95%)

Low Speed ATM 25 Mbit/s STS-1 (50%) VT1.516v (98%)

Fibre Channel 200 Mbit/s STS-12c (33%) STS-14v (100%)

Fibre Channel 1000 Mbit/s STS-48c (42%) STS-3c7v (95%)

ESCON 200 Mbit/s STS-12c (33%) STS-14v (100%)

ITU-T: G.707, G.783, G.709, G.872 T1X1.5: T1.105.02

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 Link Capacity Adjustment (LCAS) Scheme

Dynamically adjust the size

of a VCAT circuit
In service VCAT size
adjustment SONET Circuits

Defined by ITU-T G.7042

Bit-oriented protocol
encapsulated in
control packets Service Side Transport Side
Applies to both high and low Ethernet
OC-N
order VCAT circuits Service
Interface

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EoS-Based Services
Ethernet Private Line

Point-to-point Ethernet
Two-port service/application
Private
Both ports are for one user Si Si

Dedicated SONET circuit

Dedicated bandwidth
SONET circuit size
Not shared with any
other service
Sub 50 ms Resiliency
Protected/unprotected
SONET circuits
Transparent to all user data

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 RING ARCHITECTURE AND
RESILIENT PACKET RING (RPR)

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EoS and Ethernet Ring

EoS encapsulation and CCAT/VCAT transport

Ethernet switching on every node
Spanning tree-based loop avoidance
Subsecond convergence
Blocked span
Limited number of node per ring
MSPP

MSPP EoS MSPP

EoS EoS
SONET

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 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)

Provides sub-50 msec

resiliency without the need
to reserve protection
bandwidth
Dual ring topologyboth
ring is actively carries data S1 S2

Multiple nodes can transmit

simultaneously
Scalable up to 255 nodes S4 S3
on ring
Efficient multipoint transport

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RPR: IEEE 802.17 Layer Diagram

Upper Layers/Logical Link Control

802.17 Medium Access Control (MAC)

Control/Datapath

GFP SONET
GE (GERS)
RS RS
10GE (XGERS)
(GRS) (SRS)

GFP HDLC Like GMII/XGMII/XAUI

Adaptation Adaptation

SONET/SDH PHY (155Mbps+) Ethernet PHY

RSReconciliation Sublayer GMIIGigabit Media Independent Interface

GFPGeneric Framing Procedure XAUI10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface
HDLCHigh Level Data Link Control
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 RPR Ring Topology
RPR Station

MAC

West-PHY East-PHY

PHY

PHY
O-
Rx Tx
O-
x I-R
I-T x
O-
Tx Rx
East-PHY O- I-T West-PHY
x
I-R x
ringlet1

RPR Station
RPR Station

PHY PHY

ringlet0

MAC
MAC

West-PHY East-PHY
I-Tx I-RX
PHY PHY
O-Rx O-Tx

PHYMust Be Same Speed on All Spans; Optics Can Be Different

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RPR Spatial Reuse

Spatial reuseincreases
overall ring aggregate
bandwidth
Unicast packets are
destination stripped
Multicast is source stripped S1 S2

Multiple nodes can transmit

simultaneously
Both rings used for carrying S4 S3
trafficno reserved
protection bandwidth

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 RPR Wrapping

The 2 nodes adjacent to the failed link performs

protection
Least packet loss compared to steering

S1 S2 S1 S2

S4 S3 S4 S3

X
Normal Data Flow Wrapped Protect Data Flow
S2 S3 S4 (Strip) S2 S3 (Wrap) S2 S1 S4 (Strip)
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RPR Steering

Every node to discover the failure and avoid the

failed link
Steering can be slow to converge in large ring
topologies
S1 S2 S1 S2

S4 S3 S4 S3

X
Normal Data Flow Wrapped Protect Data Flow
S2 S3 S4 (Strip) S2 S1 S4 (Strip)
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 RPR Encapsulation

CoS CFI
VLAN ID RPR Frame Header
1 ttl
1 baseControl
6 da
20 RPR Header
6 sa
6 Destination Address 6 Destination Address
1 ttlBase
6 Source Address 6 Source Address
1 extendedControl
2 Type =8100 2 Type =8100 2 hec
2 Tag Control Info. 2 Tag Control Info. 2 protocolType
2 Type/Length 2 Type/Length
42~1500
42~1500

MAC DATA MAC DATA

PAD PAD
4 FCS 4 FCS

Ethernet Frame RPR Frame

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Life of a Frame in RPR

Ethernet Bridged 2 RPR Station
to the RPR and SONET/SDH Ring
MSPP
Transmitted over S2 RPR Ring
SONET/SDH

Ethernet 1 8
Frame Ethernet
Received Frame
Transmitted

S1 RPR over SONET/SDH S3

RPR Header Added

and RPR Ring 3 RPR Header Extracted
Direction Decided 7 and Ethernet Frame Sent
to BG for Local Bridging
Encapsulated in SONET 4
and Switching
SPE and Transported
Decapsulated From SONET S4 Transmitted without any Ethernet
5
SPE and Encapsulated Back 6 Bridging and Ethernet CAM Table
for Transit Transmit Look-Up
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 Drive Efficiency with Switching and QoS

1000 2500

750 2000

1500
500
1000
250
500

0 0

A B A Burst Available B
100% Guaranteed
Guaranteed CIR

Dedicated Shared

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Generic QoS
QoS Actions at Ingress QoS Actions at Egress

Classification Policing and Marking Classification Queue and Schedule

Tokens Overflow Tokens Overflow Tokens

W LL1
Weighted
B Deficit
Bc Bp WLL2 Round
Low Latency Queues Robin WLLQ = Infinity

WLLN

No No
SIZE < Tc SIZE < Tc+ T p SIZE > Tc+ T p WUC1 Weighted
Weighted
Deficit Deficit
Yes Yes Round Round
Yes
Unicast Queues WUC2
Robin Robin
W UC= 90%
W UCN
Conform Exceed Violate

WMC1
WMC= 10%
Weighted
Deficit
Remark Round
Transmit Set DE bit Drop Multi/Broadcast Queues WMC2 Robin
Ingress Queued
W MCN
Packets Packets

SNMP Alarms
RPR Network
VoIP
UNI UNI Critical
Best Effort

WDRR Drop thresholds

5 (100%) CIR PIR
Low Latency
0 10% 2 1
Best Effort
1
80%
2 CIR and PIR
7 10%
Sig. and Man.

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 RPR Service Classes

Fairness
Class Bandwidth Delay/Jitter
Eligible
Allocated/Reserved
A on the Ring
Lowest No

B-CIR Allocated Bounded No

B-EIR Best Effort Unbounded Yes

C Best Effort Unbounded Yes

CIRCommitted Information Rate

EIRExcess/Extended Information Rate

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RPR Fairness
S1 S2 S3 Offered
6Mbps 6Mbps 1Mbps Bandwidth

W W W

4.5Mbps
Allowed
4.5Mbps Bandwidth
1Mbps

Equal-weighted fairness
provides equal bandwidth
access to the ring per node S1 S2
High priority traffic not
subject to fairness
S4 S3

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 End-to-End QoS
SONET and RPR Ethernet Core/MPLS SONET and RPR
Service End Point

Service End Point

CO CO

Si Si

Queuing
Scheduling
Classification Classification
Marking Marking

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RPR-Based Services
Multipoint Ethernet (Dedicated Ring)

Multipoint Ethernet Si

2 or more Ethernet ports

Private
All ports are for one user
Dedicated SONET bandwidthall
circuits
Dedicated Ethernet switching Si Si

Protected at Layer 2
No protection at SONET layer
Transparent to user packets
User data, user VLANs, STP, CDP Si

May choose to add

VLANscontrol connectivity
among ports
QoSbound BW/loss/delay
Highly efficient
User ports
Si
SONET ring bandwidth
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 RPR-Based Services
Multipoint Ethernet (Shared Ring)

Multipoint Ethernet Si

2 or more Ethernet ports

Shared
Ports are used by multiple user
Share the SONET bandwidthall
circuits
Share Ethernet switching Si Si

Protected at Layer 2
Transparent to user data
User data, user VLANs, STP, CDP
Must use VLANs on the ring Si

To separate users on shared ring

May choose to add
QoSbound BW/loss/delay
Highly efficient
User ports
SONET ring bandwidth Si

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

CASE STUDY

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 Private Line Ethernet Transport
Impact on the Transport
Private Line
13 customers 52 GE UNI
39 end points 26 circuits

Site-1 Site-2 Site-3

Site-4 Site-5 Site-6 Site-7

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Obtain Bandwidth Efficiency with RPR

Private Line Dedicated RPR
13 customers 52 GE UNI 39 GE UNI
39 end points 26 circuits 13 RPR ring

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 Obtain Bandwidth Efficiency with RPR
Private Line Dedicated RPR
13 customers 52 GE UNI 39 GE UNI
39 end points 26 circuits 13 RPR ring

700 624 5
600 4
4
500 PL
PL
400 3
312
2
300 2
200 RPR
RPR 1
100
0 0
Required STS-1 10G Wavelengths

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Low Capacity Service over RPR Will

Increase Bandwidth Efficiency
Private Line Shared RPR
13 customers 52 FE UNI 39 FE UNI
39 end points 26 circuits 1 RPR ring

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 Low Capacity Service over RPR Will
Increase Bandwidth Efficiency
Private Line Shared RPR
13 customers 52 FE UNI 39 FE UNI
39 end points 26 circuits 1 RPR ring

90 3
78
80
70
2
60 PL 2
50 PL
40
1
30 24
1
20 RPR
10
RPR
0
0
Required STS-1
2.5G Wavelengths

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SUMMARY

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 Efficiency Makes Services Competitive

Packet multiplexing and RPR for efficiency

QoS for service assurance
Customer traffic separation (optical and VPN)
Infrastructure for high value service such as leased line,
storage, wavelength
Competitive service offerings

EoS Private Line Encapsulation Multilayer (ML) EoS

SONET/WDM and RPR
SONET/
SDH

Ethernet EoS Circuits Ethernet Ethernet EoS/RPR Circuits Ethernet

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References

IEEE 802.1Q
http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std/lanman/
IEEE 802.1Q, 802.1W, 802.1S
http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std/lanman/
ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) and
ANSI T1X1.5/2001-186 Draft of G.GFP, September 2001
IETF RFC 1662 PPP in HDLC-Like Framing, July 1994
Virtual Concatenation ITU-T G.707, ANSI T1X1.5/2001-062
LCAS ITU-T G.7042
ANSI T1X1.5/2001-062, T1X1.5/2001-218
http://www.t1.org/t1x1/_x15-htm.htm
IEEE 802.17 (RPR) Draft 3.2
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 Q AND A

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Complete Your Online Session Evaluation!

WHAT: Complete an online session evaluation

and your name will be entered into a
daily drawing
WHY: Win fabulous prizes! Give us your feedback!
WHERE: Go to the Internet stations located
throughout the Convention Center
HOW: Winners will be posted on the onsite
Networkers Website; four winners per day

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