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Anion and Cation Tests

The document provides information on qualitative analysis of aqueous cations and anions. It details reactions with sodium hydroxide and ammonia for various cations that produce different colored precipitates or no precipitate. It also details reactions of anions with silver nitrate and barium chloride that produce various colored precipitates. Additionally, it lists several common gases and their characteristic tests involving changes in color of litmus paper or other substances.

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Tanvir Ahmed Mazumder
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151 views2 pages

Anion and Cation Tests

The document provides information on qualitative analysis of aqueous cations and anions. It details reactions with sodium hydroxide and ammonia for various cations that produce different colored precipitates or no precipitate. It also details reactions of anions with silver nitrate and barium chloride that produce various colored precipitates. Additionally, it lists several common gases and their characteristic tests involving changes in color of litmus paper or other substances.

Uploaded by

Tanvir Ahmed Mazumder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10

Qualitative Analysis Notes

Key: [ppt. = precipitate]

1 Reactions of aqueous cations

reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

aluminium, white ppt. white ppt.


Al 3+(aq) soluble in excess insoluble in excess

ammonium, no ppt.

NH4+(aq) ammonia produced on heating

barium,
no ppt. (if reagents are pure) no ppt.
Ba2+(aq)

calcium,
white ppt. with high [Ca2+(aq)] no ppt.
Ca2+(aq)

chromium(III), grey-green ppt. soluble in excess grey-green ppt.


Cr3+(aq) giving dark green solution insoluble in excess

copper(II), pale blue ppt. blue ppt. soluble in excess


Cu2+(aq) insoluble in excess giving dark blue solution

green ppt. turning brown on contact green ppt. turning brown on contact
iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)
insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

iron(III), red-brown ppt. red-brown ppt.


Fe3+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

magnesium, white ppt. white ppt.


Mg2+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown
manganese(II),
on contact with air on contact with air
Mn2+(aq)
insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

zinc, white ppt. white ppt.


Zn2+(aq) soluble in excess soluble in excess

UCLES 2015 9701/33/M/J/15


11

2 Reactions of anions

ion reaction

carbonate, CO2 liberated by dilute acids


2
CO3

chloride, gives white ppt. with Ag+(aq) (soluble in NH3(aq))


Cl (aq)

bromide, gives cream ppt. with Ag+(aq) (partially soluble in NH3(aq))



Br (aq)

iodide, gives yellow ppt. with Ag+(aq) (insoluble in NH3(aq))


I (aq)

nitrate, NH3 liberated on heating with OH(aq) and Al foil


NO3(aq)

NH3 liberated on heating with OH(aq) and Al foil;


nitrite,
NO liberated by dilute acids
NO2(aq)
(colourless NO (pale) brown NO2 in air)

sulfate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute strong acids)
SO42(aq)

sulfite, SO2 liberated with dilute acids;


2
SO3 (aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acids)

3 Tests for gases

gas test and test result


ammonia, NH3 turns damp red litmus paper blue
carbon dioxide, CO2 gives a white ppt. with limewater
(ppt. dissolves with excess CO2)
chlorine, Cl 2 bleaches damp litmus paper
hydrogen, H2 pops with a lighted splint
oxygen, O2 relights a glowing splint
turns acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII) from purple to
sulfur dioxide, SO2
colourless

UCLES 2015 9701/33/M/J/15

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