ooc

A hybrid language experiment

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Why?
● Software sucks
● It's unreliable
● It's slow
● It's too hard to develop
● It's not modular enough
● [insert rant here]
« The quality of a piece of software is inversely
proportional to its popularity. »
— Buchheit's law

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Why?
● The fate of popular software

Users
Quality
Features

Time

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Why?
● Languages suck

void (*signal(int, void (*fp)(int)))(int);

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Why?
● Languages suck

void (*signal(int, void (*fp)(int)))(int);

✘
signal: Func(Int, Func(Int)) -> Func(Int)

✔
OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger
 Why?

● Tools suck
small.cpp(17) : error C2664: 'class std::_Tree<class std::basic_string<char,struct
std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >,struct std::pair<class
std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >const
,int>,struct std::multimap<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,c
std::allocator<char> >,int,struct std::less<class std::basic_string<char,struct
std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > >,class std::allocator<int> >::_Kfn
std::less<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocat
> >,class std::allocator<int> > ::iterator __thiscall std::multimap<class
std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >,int,s
std::less<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocat
> >,class std::allocator<int> >::insert(const struct std::pair<class
std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const
&)' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'const int' to 'const struct std::pair<class std
::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const ,i
Reason: cannot convert from 'const int' to 'const struct std::pair<class
std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> const ,
No constructor could take the source type, or constructor overload resolution wa
ambiguous

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Why?
● Tools suck
● GNU autoconf, automake, autoreconf – masochism
● GNU ld – the kitchen sink of linkers
● GNU make – the brainless servant
● Bad workers blame the tool
● What if good workers do too?
● Break with tradition

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Why?
● School assignment in C – laziness.
● 4 months later – ooc 0.1
● « Version 1 Sucks, But Ship It Anyway » – J. Atwood

● Finding a purpose
● To remove obstacles
● To encourage experimentation
● To minimize frustration

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 What?
● Classes, abstract, single inheritance, virtual by default
● Garbage collection (Boehm, opt-out)
● Covers, function overloading
● Partial type inference, more type-checking
● Arrays, pointers, manual memory management
● Generic functions, generic classes, collections
● Interfaces, operator overloading, properties
● Closures, first-class functions, map/filter/reduce

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 What?

● I was gonna describe the syntax here

● But we're short on schedule so I'll just sum it up:
● « ooc syntax is Java without bullshit » - Anonymous
● I'm sorry if you were offended.
● Java offends me too.

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Design principles
● Build upon, extend, divide and conquer
● Re-use what makes sense, rewrite the rest as we go
● JDK – an example of how NOT to do modularity
● SDK – all you need to get started, easy to swap out
● Dependency management made easy
● Making it easy to use libs encourages good design

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Acronym fair
● DRY
● KISS

● IYFF

● YAGNI

● RTFMRTFC

● TMTOWTDI

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Paradigm City
● Procedural

println("Is i+=1 deterministic?")

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Paradigm City
● Object-oriented

Window new("Vista").
add(
Button new("Buy").
connect("clicked", ||
"Seriously?" println()
)
).
showAll()
OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger
 Paradigm City
● Generic programming

Cell: class <T> {

data: T
next: This<T>
init: func (=data) {}
}

c := Cell new(42)

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Paradigm City
● Functional

(1..100) map(|x| x*x) reduce(|a, b| a+b)

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Paradigm City
● Preemptive multi-threading

mutex := Mutex new()

Thread new(||
mutex lock()
// prove Fermat's last theorem
mutex unlock()
) start()

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Paradigm City
● Communicating Sequential Processes

chan := make(Int)
go(||
chan << question
answer := ! chan
)

24h for a basic implementation using libcoroutine

80'000 concurrent coroutines = easy, more with tweaks

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Paradigm City
● ...is pretty much a nice walk with ooc
● Provide the necessary building blocks
● Don't enforce the « one true way »
● Politics != Technology
● High-level low-level language.

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Generating C – the perks

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Generating C – the perks

throw old VMExcuse("I wasn't ready!");

if name == "__main__":
dont_hold_your_breath()

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Generating C – the perks

● GCC (Gnu Compiler Collection), TI-GCC, mingw32

● TCC (TinyCC)
● ICC (Intel C++ Compiler)
● Clang (LLVM)
● PCC (Portable C compiler - with tweaks)
● No MSVC (yet?) - they're too busy with C++0x
● ...although in theory it wouldn't be that hard.

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Generating C – the perks
● Did you know that GCC -O2 did TCO?
● Turn segfault into infinite loops.
● Protip: use -O0 (the default) when debugging

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 ooc - the platform
● Self-hosting
● Without a doubt the best way to generate C
● A real module system. Partial recompilation.
● The compiler as a library
● C from ooc is easy
● ooc from C is easy (#define OOC_FROM_C)
● ooc from Python is dead easy!
● ooc from X = reading JSON compiler output

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 ooc – the tools
● Good compiler errors
● Valgrind, GDB
● Alleyoop, Nemiver (GTK frontends for the above)
● Callgrind, Kcachegrind, gprof
● (Pseudo-)REPL, IRC bot
● Emacs mode – flymake, tooltips with compiler errors
● Lots of C bindings

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 Why use ooc?
● Because you have a llamasyntax fetish
● As a better C/C++
● As a better Java with no VM
● Because of the tools
● Because of the community
● You want to be part of the adventure

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger

 What's next?
● Optimizations
● Generic calls inlining – expect huge speedups
● (Please, Mr. Shapiro, don't burst into flames)
● Escape analysis, stack-allocation, annotations
● An alternative to exceptions
● Typesystem improvements
● Mixins
● Typestate?
● Meta-programming, compile-time execution
OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger
 That's all, folks!

Web http://ooc-lang.org
IRC #ooc-lang on Freenode
Twitter @nddrylliog
Mail [email protected]

OSCON 2010 http://ooc-lang.org/ Amos Wenger