74 Mathscape 9 Extension

1 Explain each of the following and give an expand verb 1. to increase in size or to swell: The
example of each: balloon expanded as the hot air flowed into it. 2. to
a like terms express in greater detail: to expand a short story into
b a binomial product a novel 3. to spread, stretch out or unfold: A bird
c a perfect square expands its wings to fly.
Word family: expansion noun
2 Compare the meanings of expand and
factorise. In what way is the mathematical meaning
3 Read the Macquarie Learners Dictionary similar to the idea of stretching out?
entry for expand.

1 Write down an algebraic rule that links: c the number of dots (d) to the number
a the number of dots (d) to the number of rectangles (r).
of circles (c).
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Step 1 Step 2
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
b the number of crosses (c) to the
number of parallelograms (p).

Step 3
Step 1 Step 2 2 Use the method of finite differences to
find the rule that links x and y in each
table of values.
(HINT: Start y = ).
a x 0 1 2 3
Step 3 y 9 11 13 15
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b x 1 2 3 4
y 3 8 13 18

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 Chapter 2: Algebra 75

c 9 How many:

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x 4 5 6 7
a centimetres are there in 3 m q cm?
y 31 40 49 58 b seconds are there in a min b s?
3 Write an algebraic expression that shows: 10 Find the value of each expression using
a 5 more than the product of p and 7 the substitutions p = 4, q = 7 and r = 8.
b 2 less than the product of c and d a 3p + r b pq 12
c the sum of 8 and the product of x, y c 3p2 d 30 5q

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and z e 2p + 10q 3r f p2 r2
d 3 more than one-quarter of n 5p + qr 3r
e the difference between r and half of s g r( p + q) h ------------------------------
q+6
f 7 times the cube of c
g one-sixth of the number that is 4 more 11 Evaluate each of the following
than h expressions using the substitutions u = 5,
h twice the number that is 9 less than e v = 2 and w = 6.
i the sum of one-third of a and two- a uv b w+u
fifths of b c v+w d uw+v
j the square of the difference between v e wuv f 4w2
and w. g 3u 4w h w(v u)
4 Write down an algebraic expression in i u +w
2 2 j uvw + 4
simplest form for the number that is: 12 Simplify each of these.
a 8 more than y 2 a 12ef + 5fe b 6u2 + 4u2
b 5 less than k 4 c 8a 3a
2 2 d 7a2b 3a2b
5 Write down three consecutive numbers, e 8d + 5d f 9v 3v
the first of which is: g 2c 10c h 4r + 8r
a t b e+8 13 Simplify:
c 2c 5 d d1 a 6h + 9h 13h
6 Write down three consecutive even b 4t 2 t 2 3t 2
numbers, the first of which is: 14 Simplify each of the following by
a x b n+7 collecting the like terms.
c a2 a a+7+a+4
7 Write down three consecutive odd b 5c + 8d + 3c + d
numbers, the first of which is: c 14p + 11q + 9p 8q
a b b v+4 d 20g + 10h 13g 8h
c z3 e 4m + 5 m 5
f 17a 6b + 2a + 4b
8 Convert:
g 10x + 4y + 7x 9y
a p km to m b b mm to cm
h a2 + 3a + a2 8a
c $k to cents d f min to h

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 76 Mathscape 9 Extension

15 Find, in simplest form, an algebraic d [20g (7g + g)] 4

CHAPTER RE

expression for the perimeter of each e 40w [19w + (42w 6)]

figure. f 5x [(14x + 10x) 2]
a b 3x + 4 22 Simplify:
15c + 9c 9u 8v
6t 2x a --------------------- b -------------------
13c 7c 7u + 5u
23 Use the order of operations to simplify:
16 Simplify: a 4n + 3n 5 b 30j 56j 7
a 8k 3 b m 6n c 18e + 7e 4 12e
c 5c 7d d nn 24 Expand:
e 4g 9g f ab bc a 4(3n + 8) b (4a 5b)7
c 2f (g + 11h) d x(x 6)
g 1--2- p 12q h 2--3- rs 9st
e 5c(3c 10) f pq(p + q)
i 5 3e j 8u 4v g 3a(b + 9c) h 12r(3s 4r)
k 2a 3b 4c l 7pq 6qr
25 Expand and simplify each of these
17 Simplify: expressions.
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a 12w 4 b 2c c a 5(u + 6) 8 b 3(t 8) + 10

c ef e d 30h 5h c 9(p + 2) 25 d 7(2x 5) + 13
e 21ab 3a f 48mnp 8mp e 6 + 4(3n 4) f 15 (8 m)
g b2 b h 18s2 6s g 10k 3(8 2k) + 11
i 40u (4) j (20c) (4c)
26 Factorise each of the following by
k (60xy) 5x l (24d 2) (6d)
removing the highest common factor.
18 Simplify: a 5r 20 b ab bc
2
63ab 72x 2 36uv c xy + y d e 2 + 11e
a ------------ b ----------- c -------------- e tuv uvw f 18p 21
7a 12x 3uv
g 20km + 15mn h 24rs 30s 2
19 Simplify each of the following.
i cd 2 + c2d j 14a + 49
a 28a 4a 5b
k 15ef 24eg l 77w 2 + 132w
b 3c 12d 9c
c 40xy 4x 2y 27 Factorise each of these by removing a
d 60z 2 12z 7w binomial common factor.
a a(b + 7) + 5(b + 7)
20 Simplify each of these, giving the
b m(m n) 4(m n)
answers in simplest fraction form.
c x(y + 2z) + (y + 2z)
a 3k 15 b 16ab 20a
c 35m 45m 2 d 14u 2v 21uv 2 28 Simplify:
21 Find the simplest answer for each of 7c c 5u 11u
a ------ --- b ------ + ---------
these. 9 9 12 12
a (13h 8h) 6 13k 7k
c --------- + ------
17 3
d -------- --------
b 100y (9y + y) 10 10 20s 20s
c 4 (9t 6t) 5t

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 Chapter 2: Algebra 77

34 Complete these perfect squares.

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a a m m
e --- + ------ f ---- ---- a (a 6)2 = a2 12a + ____
5 10 3 7
3w w a a b (d + 4)2 = d2 + ____ + 16
g ------- + ---- h ------ + --------- c (____)2 = t2 + 22t + ____
4 6 4b 12b
d (____)2 = n2 ____ + 81
29 Simplify: e (____)2 = 9x2 + ____ + 25
b c p 12 f (____)2 = 16u2 88u + ____
a --- --- b ------ ------

CHAPTER RE
5 8 16 p 35 State whether each expression is a perfect
14m 20n x 2 36yz square.
c ---------- ---------- d --------- ----------- a n2 + 4 b k2 + 6k 9
45 21m 42y 7x
c a + 2a + 1
2 d e2 36
5a 5 32 40
e ------ ------ f ------ ------ e q 10q + 100 f 9c2 + 24c + 16
2
12 3b h h
36 Expand:
20v 25v ab 2 a 2 b a (x + 5)(x 5)
g --------- ---------- h --------- ------------
49u 28w 54c 45cd b (k 8)(k + 8)
30 Expand and simplify: c (12 m)(12 + m)
a (y + 4)(y + 5) b (m 7)(m 3) d (2t 7)(2t + 7)
c (t + 8)(t 2) d (a 11)(a + 4) e (3a + 11b)(3a 11b)
e (n 3)(n 9) f (k + 12)(k 2) f (ab 6c)(ab + 6c)
g (e + 6)(e + 7) h (s + 1)(s 13) 37 Expand and simplify:
31 Expand and simplify: a (a + 3)(a2 + 5a + 4)
a (2b + 5)(b + 3) b (2p 3)(3p 8) b (3n 2)(4n2 n 7)
c (5n + 3)(7n 6) d (4 3r)(2 + r) c (y 2)(y + 2)(y + 9)
32 Expand these perfect squares. d (2k 1)(k 4)(5k + 3)
a (p + 3)2 b (m 7)2 38 Expand and simplify:
c (2c + 5) 2 d (4y 3)2 a (x 5)2 + (x + 4)(x 4)
e (3a + 4b)2 f (7j 6k)2 b (n + 6)(n + 2) + (3n 4)2
3 8 c (a + 10)(a 10) (a 7)2
g (x + --- )2 h (3t --- )2 d (2u + 9)(u 4) (u 3)(u + 6)
2 t
33 Expand and simplify 2x(9x 2y)2.

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