Linear Circuit Analysis (ELEN-1100)

Lecture # 15: Maximum power transfer and

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Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Contents
Maximum power transfer theorem
Example
Superposition theorem

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Maximum power transfer theorem
Power transfer can be discussed in two aspects
Efficiency of power transfer
Power system
Amount of power transfer
Data and communication system
The main concern here is to explain the process of
power transfer using resistive loads.

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Maximum power transfer theorem
What should be the value of RL
to get maximum power transfer ?

Step 1
Replace the resistive network with thevenin equivalent.
Step 2
Describe power dissipated in terms of Vth, Rth and RL.
Step 3
Since Vth and Rth is fixed therefore only RL is part of
power dissipation. Solve for RL for derivation of
maximum power transfer theorem.
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Maximum power transfer theorem
Step 1
Thevenin equivalent is placed.
Step 2

Step 3
Derivate the power p w.r.t. RL

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Maximum power transfer theorem
The derivative is zero then

Solving we get

The maximum power is delivered when load

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Example 4.12 [8th ed.]
Find the resistance RL that results in maximum
power being transferred to RL.
Calculate maximum power that can be transferred to
load RL.
When RL is adjusted for maximum power transfer,
what percentage of power is delivered by 360V
source reaches RL ?

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Example 4.12 [8th ed.]
Solution needs Vth and Rth
Vth=300 V
Rth=25
RL=25
Maximum power that can be
delivered to RL is
Pmax=(300/50)225=900W
Eq. resistance for original circuit is calculated to
find source power=2520W
%power delivered=(900/2520)*100=35.71%
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Pb. 4.80 [8th ed.]
Find RL and maximum power transferred to RL.
Hint:
Find Vth and Rth
Use Mesh current analysis
Apply cramer rule
i1=-99.6A
i2=-78A
i3=-100.8A
i=-21.6A
Vth=40(i1-i3)=48V
Use mesh current with ab shorted and measure Isc
i1=-92A
i2=-73.33A
i3=-96A
i=-18.67A
Isc=i1-i3=4A
Rth=48/4=12 = RL
Pmax=(24)2/12=48W
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Superposition theorem
In a linear circuit the total response is sum of
individual responses of independent sources
connected.
It sometimes complicates the solution.
Only one source at a time while all other sourced
are deactivated (Voltage source shorted and current
source open circuited)
Individual contribution is added to get the
cummulative result
Applied only if the sources are fundamentally
different
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Example 1
Find I using superposition theorem
First consider the response of 18V
i18v=18/6= 3A
Consider the response of 3A source
i3A=3*2/6=1A
I=i18v+i3A=3+1=4A

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Example 2
Find v
Considering voltage source only
12=3i+2i+i
i=2A, v=6V
Considering current source only
i+2i+3(i+6)=0
6i=-18
i=-3A , v=(-3+6)3=9V
Total response
v=6V+9V=15V

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Example 4.13 [8th ed.]
Find Vo using superposition theorem.
Calculation using 10v source
Vo10V=10*20/25=8V
Calculation using 5A source
Apply nodal method on the circuit
At node a
Va/5+Va/20-0.4V=0
At node b
0.4V+Vb-2i /10-5=0
Vb=V+2i
5V=50, hence V=10
Vo5A=16V
Vtotal=Vo10V+Vo5A=16+8=24
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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