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Power System Lab021-1

This document discusses phase shift and vector groups in transformers. It contains questions and answers about: 1. Determining the polarity of each phase in an experiment to match the transformer polarity to the system polarity. 2. Using an AC source instead of DC to determine relative polarity by measuring voltages. 3. Why there would be no deflection on a DC mA meter with a constant "make and break" frequency in the primary circuit of a transformer. 4. Calculating phase shift between transformer windings by measuring time differences between voltages. 5. Measuring the vector group of large power transformers using potential transformers to step down high voltages.

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Montosh Roy
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117 views

Power System Lab021-1

This document discusses phase shift and vector groups in transformers. It contains questions and answers about: 1. Determining the polarity of each phase in an experiment to match the transformer polarity to the system polarity. 2. Using an AC source instead of DC to determine relative polarity by measuring voltages. 3. Why there would be no deflection on a DC mA meter with a constant "make and break" frequency in the primary circuit of a transformer. 4. Calculating phase shift between transformer windings by measuring time differences between voltages. 5. Measuring the vector group of large power transformers using potential transformers to step down high voltages.

Uploaded by

Montosh Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ans. to the Q. no.

-2a

Kicktest:
Kick test with Ac
Circuit diagram of Phase shift for

Wye delta transformer

XSC1
G

A B

T1 7

1
IRON_CORE_XFORMER
V1
2
3PH T2

120 V 60 Hz
IRON_CORE_XFORMER
6

T3
3

0
IRON_CORE_XFORMER
Theta = 360*f*t = 360*60*1.6 e-3 = 33.01

Q1.Why is it important to determine the polarity of each


phase in this experiment?

Ans. When a transformer has to add with parallel in system Bus,


it is important to match the polarity of the transformer with the
system. Otherwise it will be work as load in system.

Q2. Can you determine the relative polarity by using an AC


source instead of a DC source?

Ans:

Yes, we can. The process is as follows:

The H1 (left-hand) primary bushing and the left-hand secondary


bushing are temporarily jumpered together and a test voltage is
applied to the transformer primary. The resultant voltage is
measured between the right-hand bushings. Ifthe measured
voltage is greater than the applied voltage, the transformer is
Additive Polarity because the polarity issuch that the secondary
voltage is being added to the applied primary voltage, for additive
the LV terminal adjacent to H2 should be marked X1 and the LV
terminal adjacent to H1 should be marked X2. If, however, the
measured voltageacross the right-hand bushings is less than the
applied primary voltage, the transformer is Subtractive Polarity
and the LV terminal adjacent to H2should be marked X2, and the
terminal adjacent to H1 should be marked X1.

Q3. Can you observe any deflection on a DC mA meter


connected at the secondary terminals of the transformer
when there is continuous make and break in the primary
circuit? Explain.

Ans.A continuous make and break in the circuit acts as an AC


source. We know if an AC voltage is given there will not be any
deflection in the DCmA meter as forces act on both sides of the
pointer due to the change of polarity thus resulting to a resultant
force of zero. So, in case of AC source it is unlikely for any
deflection to occur provided the frequency of the source is
constant and there is no noise in the voltage signal.

In the same way if the frequency of the make and break is kept
constant there will hardly be any deflection in the meter. But if the
frequency is varied, we will probably observe oscillation of the
pointer.
Ans. to the Q. no.-2b

D-d 0:
XSC1
G

T
1 T1 6
A B

IRON_CORE_XFORMER
V1
3PH T2

2
120 V 60 Hz
IRON_CORE_XFORMER
5

3 T3

IRON_CORE_XFORMER
Y-y 6:
XSC1
G

A B

T1

1
IRON_CORE_XFORMER
V1 T2 5 4

3PH 7

120 V 60 Hz IRON_CORE_XFORMER
3 T3

0
IRON_CORE_XFORMER
Calculation of phase shift:

T2-T1=8.316ms

Phase shift=60 * 360*8.316/1000=179.60

Conclusion: VAB leadsVab by 179.60

Q2.How can you measure the vector group of large power


transformer like 5MVA 132kV/33kV ? Explain.
Ans:

The vector group of large power transformers is measured using


potential transformers. The high voltages are stepped down with
the potential transformer to a measureable value. Then the phase
difference is calculated from the oscilloscope output of the
voltage waveforms.

Q3. Why is identification of the vector group of


transformers important ?

Ans:

The Determination of vector group of transformers is very


important before connecting two or more transformers in parallel.
If two transformers of different vector groups are connected in
parallel then phase difference exist between the secondary of the
transformers and large circulating current flows between the two
transformers which is very detrimental.

Q4. Can you make two transformers having vector group


Dy11 and Dy1 parallel if their voltage ratios are identical?
Give reasons for you answer?

Ans:

Yes, we can parallel Dy1 and Dy11 by crossing two incoming


phases and the same two outgoing phases on one of the
transformers, so if we have a DY11 transformer we can cross B&C
phases on the primary and secondary to change the +30 degree
phase shift into a -30 degree shift which will parallel with the Dy1,
assuming all the other points above are satisfied.

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