De ApplicationsFirstOrder
De ApplicationsFirstOrder
MATH24-1
APPLICATIONS OF FIRST ORDER
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
A. A. EXPONENTIAL GROWTH AND DECAY
Exponential Growth
Let P be the population of organisms at any time t.
dP
kP , k > 0
dt
Exponential Decay
Let R be the amount of radioactive substance at any
time t.
dR
kR , k > 0
dt
Example 1: Exponential Growth
dT
k(T Tm ) , k > 0
dt
Example 1: Newtons Law of Cooling
dS S
rinSin rout , Sout S
dt Vo (rin rout )t Vo (rin rout )t
mixture concetration
in the tank
Initially, the tank contains:
Vo = volume of liquid
S = So amount of substance at t = 0
If rin rout , then the following can be used
as an option
dV
rin rout
dt
dV rin rout dt
V (rin rout )t k
Example 1: Chemical Mixture
A tank contains 200 L of fluid in which 30 g
of salt is dissolved. Brine containing 1 g of
salt per liter is then pumped into the tank
at a rate 4 L/min; the well- mixed solution
is pumped out at the same rate. Find the
number of grams of salt in the tank at time
t. How much salt is in the tank after 10
min?
Example 2: Chemical Mixture
A 300-gal capacity tank contains a solution of 200
gal of water and 50 lb of salt. A solution
containing 3 lb of salt per gal is allowed to flow
into the tank at the rate of 4 gal/min. The mixture
flows from the tank at the rate of 2 gal/min. How
many pounds of salt are in the tank at the end of
30 min? When does the tank start to overflow?
How much salt is in the tank at the end of 60
min? Ans.: 357 lb, 50 min, 579 lb
Example 3: Chemical Mixture
A tank contains 100 gal of water. Brine
enters the tank at the rate of 3 gal/min.
The mixture, thoroughly stirred, leaves the
tank at the rate of 2 gal/min. If the salt
concentration in the brine at the end of 20
minutes is to be 2 lb/gal, what should be
the salt concentration in the brine entering
the tank? Ans.: 4.75 lb/gal
Example 4: Chemical Mixture
A large tank is filled with 500 gal of pure
water. Brine containing 2 lb of salt per
gallon is pumped into at a rate of 5 gal/min.
The well-mixed solution is pumped out at a
rate of 10 gal/min. How much salt is in the
after 15 min? How long will it take for the
amount of salt in the tank to be 15 lb?
When is the tank empty?
Example 5: Chemical Mixture
A tank initially holds 100 gal of brine
solution. At t = 0, fresh water is poured into
the tank at the rate of 5 gal/min, while the
well-stirred mixture leaves the tank at the
same rate. After 20 min, the tank contains
20/e lb of salt. Find the initial concentration
of the brine solution inside the tank.
Ans.: 0.20 lb/gal
Example 6: Chemical Mixture
Blood carries a drug into an organ at the rate of 3
cm3/sec and leaves at the same rate. The organ
has a liquid volume of 125 cm3. If the concentra-
tion of the drug in the blood entering the organ is
0.2 g/cm3, what is the concentration of the drug in
the organ at time t? After how many seconds will
the concentration of the drug in the organ reach
0.1 g/cm3? Ans.: 0.2(1-e-3t/125 ), 28.9 sec
Example 7: Chemical Mixture
A tank contains 100 gal of water. In error, 300 lb of
salt are poured into the tank instead of 200 lb. To
correct this condition, a stopper is removed from
the bottom of the tank allowing 3 gal of brine to
flow out per minute. At the same time, 3 gal of
fresh water per minute are pumped into the tank.
If the mixture is kept uniform constant stirring,
how long will it take for the brine to contain the
desired amount of salt? Ans.: 13.52 min
D. SIMPLE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
R-L Circuit
di
L Ri E
dt
R-C Circuit
dq q dq
R E, i
dt C dt
E - Electromotive force (emf) the voltage developed by any
source of electrical energy such as a battery or dynamo. It is
generally defined as the electrical potential for a source in a
circuit. It is a device that supplies electrical energy, volts (V)