Electronics 1 of 19

Syllabus
ELECTRONICS
(UG courses)
Admitted Batch 2008 -2009

May 2008
A.P. State Council of Higher Education
 Electronics 2 of 19

SUBJECT COMMITTEE

1. Prof.P.Narasimha Reddy - Sri Venkateshwara University

2. Prof.M.Poornachander Rao - Andhra University
3. Prof.K.Mala Kondaiah - Sri Krishnadevaraya University
4. Prof.G.Sattaiah - Kakatiya University
5. Prof.S.P.Mallikarjun Rao - Osmania University
6. Dr.D.Krishna Rao - Nagarjuna University
7. Sri.K.S.Murthy - ECIL, Hyderabad
Deputy General Manager
8. Dr.B.Sreenivasulu - Govt. College, Ananthapur
9. Dr.C.Sivaraman - Pragathi Mahavidyalaya, Hyderabad
10.Prof.M.Narasimha Chary - Osmania University
(Coordinator)
 Electronics 3 of 19

B.Sc. Courses (Structure)

First year:
S.no. Subject Hrs per week

1. English language including 6

communication skills
2. Second language 4
3. Core1-I 4
4. Core2-I 4
5. Core3-I 4
6. Core1-lab I 3
7. Core2-lab I 3
8. Core3-lab I 3
9. Foundation course 3
10. Computer skills 2
Total 36

Second year:
S.no. Subject Hrs per week

1. English language including 6

communication skills
2. Second language 4
3. Core1-II 4
4. Core2-II 4
5. Core3-II 4
6. Core1-lab II 3
7. Core2-lab II 3
8. Core3-lab II 3
9. Environmental studies 4
10. Computer skills 2
Total 37
Third year:
S.no. Subject Hrs per week

1. Core1-III 3
2. Core1-IV 3
3. Core2-III 3
4. Core2-IV 3
5. Core3-III 3
6. Core3-IV 3
7. Core1-lab III 3
8. Core1-lab IV 3
9. Core2-lab III 3
10. Core2-lab IV 3
11. Core3-lab III 3
12. Core3-lab IV 3
13. Foundation course 3
Total 39
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B.Sc (Electronics) Scheme of instruction

S.No. Year Paper Hours/week Total

hours

A. THEORY

01 First Paper-I 4hrs/ Week 120 Hours

Year Circuit Analysis and Electronic Devices
02 Second Paper-II 4hrs/ Week 120 Hours
Year Analog Circuits and Communications
03 Third Paper III 3hrs/ Week 90 Hours
Year Digital Electronics and Microprocessor.
04 Third Paper IV (Electives) 3hrs/ Week 90 Hours
Year Any one of the following
i) Paper IVA
Embedded Systems and Applications
ii) Paper IVB
Digital Design using VHDL

B. PRACTICALS

05 First Paper I: Circuit Analysis and 3hrs/Week 90 Hours

Year Electronic Devices Lab (30Sessions)

06 Second Paper II: Analog Circuits and 3hrs/ Week 90 Hours

Year Communication Lab (30Sessions)

07 Third Paper III: Digital Electronics and 3hrs/ Week 90 Hours

Year Microprocessor Lab (30 Sessions)

08 Third Paper IV (Electives) 3 hrs/Week 90 Hours

Year Any one of the following (30 Sessions)

Paper - IV (A): Embedded Systems and

Applications Lab

Paper - IV (B): Digital design Using

VHDL Lab
 Electronics 5 of 19

ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
ELECTRONICS SYLLABUS ADMITTED BATCH 2008-09
B.Sc I Year -Electronics
PAPER-I Circuit Analysis and Electronic Devices. (120 hours)

UNIT-I (30 hours)

AC Fundamentals: The Sine wave Average and RMS valuesThe J operator Polar and
rectangular forms of complex numbers Phasor diagram Complex impedance and
admittance.

Passive networks: Concept of voltage and current sources KVL and KCL- Application to
simple circuits (AC and DC) consisting of resistors and sources (one or two) - Node voltage
analysis and method of mesh currents.

Network theorems (DC and AC): Superposition TheoremThevenins Theorem Nortons

TheoremMaximum power transfer TheoremMillman Theorem- Reciprocity Theorem
Application to simple networks.

UNIT- II (30 hours)

RC and RL Circuits: Transient response of RL and RC circuits with step input time
constants. Frequency response of RC and RL circuits Types of Filters: Low pass filter
High pass filter frequency response - Passive differentiating and integrating circuits.

Resonance: Series resonance and parallel resonance RLC circuits Resonant frequency Q
factor Band width Selectivity.

UNIT-III (30 hours)

PN Junction: Depletion region Junction capacitance Diode equation (no derivation)

Effect of temperature on reverse saturation current construction, working, V-I
characteristics and simple applications of
i) Junction diode ii) Zener diode iii) Tunnel diode and iv) Varactor diode.

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): PNP and NPN transistorscurrent components in BJT
BJT static characteristics (Input and Output) Early effect- CB, CC,CE configurations (cut
off, active, and saturation regions) CE configuration as two port network h-parameters
h-parameter equivalent circuit. Experimental arrangement to study input and output
characteristics of BJT in CE configuration. Determination of h-parameters from the
characteristics. Biasing and load line analysis Fixed bias and self bias arrangement.
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UNIT-IV (30 hours)

Field Effect Transistor (FET): Structure and working of JFET and MOSFET output and
transfer characteristics Experimental arrangement for studying the characteristics and to
determine FET parameters. Application of FET as voltage variable resistor and MOSFET as
a switch Advantages of FET over transistor.

Uni Junction Transistor (UJT): Structure and working of UJT- Characteristics. Application
of UJT as a relaxation oscillator.

Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR): Structure and working of SCR. Two transistor
representation, Characteristics of SCR. Experimental set up to study the SCR characteristics.
Application of SCR for power control.

Photo Electric Devices: Structure and operation of LDR, Photo voltaic cell, Photo diode,
Photo transistors and LED.

(NOTE: Solving related problems in all the Units)

Reference Books:

1. Grobs Basic Electronics - Mitchel E.Schultz 10th Edn. Tata McGraw Hill (TMH)
2. Network lines and fields- Ryder- Prentice Hall of India (PHI)
3. Circuit analysis - P.Gnanasivam- Pearson Education
4. Circuits and Networks - A.Sudhaksr & Shyammohan S. Palli - TMH
5. Network Theory - Smarajit Ghosh - PHI
6. Electronic Devices and Circuits-Millman and Halkias - TMH
7. Electronic Devices and Circuits-Allen Mottershead - PHI
8. Principles of Electronics- V.K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta - S Chand &Co
9. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory- R.L.Boylestad and L.Nashelsky- Pearson Education.
10. Pulse digital switching waveforms -Millman &Taub - TMH.
11. Applied Electronics- R.S.Sedha - S Chand &Co
12. A First course in Electronics- AA Khan & KK Day- PHI
13. Principles of Electronic circuits- Stanely G.Burns and Paul R. Bond- Galgotia.
14. Electronic Principles and Applications A.B. Bhattacharya- New Central Book Agency Pvt.

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 Electronics 7 of 19

B.Sc I Year - Electronics

PRACTICALS PAPER-I (90 hours-30 Sessions)

Circuit Analysis and Electronic devices Lab

1. Measurement of peak voltage, frequency and phase using CRO.

2. Thevenins theorem verification.
3. Nortons theorem verification.
4. Maximum power transfer theorem verification.
5. CR and LRcircuits- Frequency response- (Low pass and High pass).
6. CR and LR circuits - Differentiation and integration - tracing of waveforms.
7. LCRSeries resonance circuitFrequency responseDetermination of fo, Q and band width.
8. To draw volt-ampere characteristics of Junction diode and determine the cut-in voltage,
forward and reverse resistances.
9. Zener diode V-I Characteristics Determination of Zener breakdown voltage.
10. Voltage regulator using Zener diode
11. BJT input and output characteristics (CE configuration) and determination of h
parameters.
12. FET Characteristics and determination of FET parameters.
13. UJT as relaxation oscillator.
14. LDR- characteristics.
15. SCR Volt-ampere characteristics.

Note: Student has to perform any 12 experiments.

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 Electronics 8 of 19

ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
ELECTRONICS SYLLABUS ACADEMIC YEAR 2009-10

B.Sc II Year- Electronics

PAPERII Analog Circuits and Communications (120 hours)

UNIT- I (30 hours)

Power Supplies: Rectifiers Halfwave, fullwave and bridge rectifiers- Efficiency- Ripple
factor- Regulation Harmonic components in rectified output Types of filters- Choke
input (inductor) filter- Shunt capacitor filter- L section and section filters Block diagram
of regulated power supply - Series and shunt regulated power supplies Three terminal
regulators (78XX and 79XX) Principle and working of switch mode power supply
(SMPS).

UNIT-II (30 hours)

RC Coupled Amplifier: Analysis and frequency response of single stage RC coupled CE

amplifier.

Feedback: Positive and negative feedback- Effect of feedback on gain, band width, noise,
input and output impedances.

Operational Amplifiers: Differential amplifier- Block diagram of Op-Amp- Ideal

characteristics of Op-Amp- Op-Amp parameters- Input resistance- Output resistance-
Common mode rejection ratio (CMMR)- Slew rate- Offset voltages Input bias current-
Basic Op-Amp circuits- Inverting Op-Amp- Virtual ground- Non-inverting Op-Amp-
Frequency response of Op-Amp. Interpretation of Op-Amp data sheets.

UNIT-III (30 hours)

Applications of Op-Amps: Summing amplifier- subtractor- Voltage follower- Integrator-

Differentiator - Comparator- Logarithmic amplifier- Sine wave [Wein Bridge] and square
wave [Astable] generators- Triangular wave generator- Monostable multivibrator- Solving
simple second order differential equation. Basic Op-Amp series regulator and shunt
regulator.
 Electronics 9 of 19

UNIT-IV (30 hours)

Communications: Need for modulation-Types of modulation- Amplitude, Frequency and

Phase modulation.
Amplitude modulation-side bands- modulation index- square law diode modulator-
Demodulation- diode detector.
Frequency modulation working of simple frequency modulator- Ratio detection of FM
waves- Advantages of frequency modulation.
AM and FM radio receivers [block diagram approach].

(NOTE: Solving related problems in all the Units)

Reference Books:

1. Electronic Devices and Circuits-Millman and Halkias- Tata Mc Graw Hill (TMH)
2. Microelectronics- J. Millman and A. Grabel - TMH
3. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits- Ramakant A. Gayakwad- Prentice
Hall of India (PHI).
4. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits- K. Lalkishore - Pearson Education
5. Analog Electronics- L.K. Maheswari and M.M.S. Anand- PHI
6. Applied Electronics- R.S.Sedha- S Chand &Co
7. Principles of Electronics- V.K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta - S Chand &Co
8. A first Course in Electronics A.A.Khan & K.K. Dey - PHI
9. Electronic Communication Systems - George Kennedy & Bernard Davis - TMH.
10. Electronic Communication -D. Roddy & J. Coolen- PHI
11. Principles of Electronic Communication Systems Louis E. Frenzel -TMH

EEE
 Electronics 10 of 19

ANDHRA UNIVERSITY

B.Sc II Year - Electronics

PRACTICALS PAPER-II (90 hours - 30 Sessions)
Analog Circuits and Communications Lab

1. D.C Power supply and filters.

2. Single stage RC coupled amplifier frequency response.
3. OP-Amp (IC 741) as
a) Inverting amplifier.
b) Non- inverting amplifier.
c) Comparator.
4. OP-Amp (IC 741) as
a) Integrator.
b) Differentiator.
5. OP-Amp as Wien bridge oscillator.
6. Astable multivibrator Determination of frequency (using IC741 Op-Amp).
7. Monostable multivibratorDetermination of pulse width (using IC 741Op Amp).
8. Voltage regulator using IC- 7805and IC-7905.
9. AM modulator and Demodulator.
10. FM modulator.
11. Simulation experiments using appropriate electronic circuit simulation software.
a) RC coupled amplifier.
b) Wien bridge oscillator.
c) Astable multivibrator.
d) Amplitude Modulation.
e) Frequency Modulation.
Note: Student has to perform the following experiments
(1) Any 7 experiments among the experiment numbers1to10.
(2) Experiment Number 11 (a,b,c,d and e) is compulsory

STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO DO A SMALL PROJECT WORK DURING SECOND YEAR

 Electronics 11 of 19

ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
ELECTRONICS SYLLABUS ACADEMIC YEAR 2010-11

B.Sc III Year - Electronics

PAPER III Digital Electronics and Microprocessor (90 hours)

UNIT-I (23 HOURS)

Introduction to number systems, Logic gates OR, AND, NOT, X-OR, NAND, NOR gates -
Truth tables Positive and negative logic Logic families and their characteristics RTL,
DTL, ECL, TTL and CMOS. Universal building blocks NAND and NOR gates. Laws of
Boolean algebra De Morgans Theorems Boolean identities Simplification of Boolean
expressions Karnaugh Maps Sum of products (SOP) and Product of sums (POS).

UNIT-II (22 HOURS)

Combinational and Sequential circuits: Multiplexer and De-Multiplexer Decoder, Half

adder, Full adder and Parallel adder circuits. Flip flops RS, D, JK and JK Master-Slave
(working and truth tables) - Semiconductor memories Organization and working-
Synchronous and asynchronous binary counters, Up/Down counters- Decade counter (7490)
- working, truth tables and timing diagrams.

UNIT-III (23 HOURS)

Introduction to Microcomputer and Microprocessor: Intel 8085 Microprocessor central

processing unit CPU arithmetic and logic unit ALU timing and control unit register
organization address, data and control buses- pin configuration of 8085 and its description.
Timing diagrams- Instruction cycle, machine cycle, fetch and execute cycles.

Instruction set of 8085, instruction and data formats- classification of instructions

addressing modes. Assembly language programming examples of 8 and 16 bit addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division. Finding the largest and smallest in a data array.
Programming examples using stacks and subroutines.
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UNIT-IV (22 HOURS)

Interfacing peripherals and applications: Programmable peripheral interface (8255) - D/A

and A/D converters and their interfacing to the Microprocessor. Stepper motor control-
seven segment LED.

(NOTE: Solving related problems in all the Units)

Reference Books:

1. Digital Principles and Applications- Malvino & Leach- TMH

2. Digital Fundamentals F.Loyd & Jain- Pearson Education
3. Modern Digital Electronics- R.P Jain-TMH
4. Fundamentals of Digital Circuits- Anand Kumar- PHI
5. Digital Systems Rajkamal- Pearson Education
6. Digital Electronic Principles and Integrated Circuits- Maini- Willey India
7. Digital Electronics- Gothman-
8. Digital Electronics J.W. Bignel & Robert Donova- Thomson Publishers (Indian 5th Ed)
9. Microprocessor Architecture and Programming Ramesh S. Goanker- Penram
10. Introduction to Microprocessor Aditya. P. Mathur- TMH
11. Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Hardware and Interfacing- Mathivannan- PHI
12. Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers B. Ram-Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
13. Advanced Microprocessor and Peripherals, Architecture, Programming and Interface- A.K.Ray
and K.N. Bhurchandi- TMH
14. Microprocessor Lab Premier- K.A. Krishna Murthy

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 Electronics 13 of 19

B.Sc III Year - Electronics

PRACTICAL PAPER-III (90 hours 30 sessions)
Digital Electronics and Microprocessor Lab
A) Digital Experiments
1. Verification of truth tables of OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR gates (By
using 7400-series)
2. Construction of gates using NAND, NOR gates.
3. Construction of Half and Full adders and verifying their truth tables.
4. Operation and verifying truth tables of flip- flops- RS, D, and JK using ICs.
5. Construction of Decade counters (7490).
6. Driving Stepper motor using JK flip-flop
7. Simulation experiments using appropriate electronic circuit simulation.
a) 4-bit parallel adder using combinational circuits.
b) Decade counter using JK flip flops.
c) Up/Down counter using JK flip flop.
d) Up/Down counter using 7493.
B) MICROPROCESSOR (Software)
1. Binary addition & subtraction. (8-bit & 16-bit)
2. Multiplication & division.
3. Picking up largest/smallest number.
4. Arranging ascending/descending order.
5. Decimal addition (DAA) & Subtraction.
6. Time delay generation
C) MICROPROCESSOR (Hardware)
1. Interfacing R-2R Ladder network (DAC) (4 bits) to generate waveforms.
2. Interfacing a stepper motor and rotating it clockwise/anti clockwise through a
known angle.
3. Interfacing a seven segment display.
4. Interfacing ADC for temperature measurement.
Note: Student has to perform the following experiments:
(i) In Section (A) any four experiments among experiment numbers 1to 6
(ii) Experiment Number 7 (a, b, c and d) is compulsory
(iii) All experiments in section (B)
(iv) Any two experiments in section (C).
STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO DO A SMALL PROJECT WORK DURING THIRD YEAR
 Electronics 14 of 19

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ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
ELECTRONICS SYLLABUS ACADEMIC YEAR 2010-11

B.Sc III Year Electronics

Elective PaperIV(A): Embedded Systems and Applications (90 hours)

Unit I (22 Hours)

The 8051 Microcontroller

Introduction to microcontrollers and embedded systems: Overview and block diagram of

8051. Architecture of 8051. Program counter and memory organisation. Data types and
directives, Flag bits and PSW Register, Register banks and Stack; Pin diagram, Port
organisation, I/O Programming, Bit manipulation. Interrupts and timer.

UnitII (23 Hours)

Addressing modes, instruction set and assembly language programming of 8051

Addressing modes and accessing memory using various addressing modes. Instruction set:
Arithmetic, Logical, Single Bit, Jump, Loop and Call Instructions and their usage. Time
Delay Generation and Calculation; Timer/Counter Programming. Programming examples:
Addition, multiplication, subtraction, division, arranging a given set of numbers in
ascending / descending order, picking the smallest / largest number among a given set of
numbers, Accessing a specified port terminal and generating a rectangular waveform.

Unit III (22 Hours)

Interfacing of peripherals to Microcontroller

Interfacing of - PPI 8255, DAC, ADC. Serial communication- modes and protocols
 Electronics 15 of 19

Unit IV (23 Hours)

Applications of Embedded Systems

Temperature measurement, displaying information on a LCD, Control of a Stepper Motor,

Interfacing a keyboard and generation different types of waveforms.

Reference Books:

1. The 8051 Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems By Muhammad Ali Mazidi and
Janice Gillispie Mazidi- Pearson Education Asia, 4th Reprint, 2002
2. Microcontrollers Theory and applications by Ajay V. Deshmukh-Tata McGraw-Hill
3. The 8051 Microcontroller - architecture, programming & applications By Kenneth J.
Ayala- Penram International Publishing, 1995
4. Programming and Customizing the 8051 Microcontroller By Myke Predko- TMH, 2003
5. Design with Microcontrollers By - J B Peatman- TMH.
6. The 8051 Microcontroller - Programming, interfacing and applications by Howard Boyet
and Ron Katz - (MII) Microprocessors Training Inc.
7. The concepts & features of Microcontrollers by Rajkamal - Wheeler Pub.

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 Electronics 16 of 19

B.Sc III Year Electronics

Elective Paper IV (A): PRACTICALS (90 Hours- 30 Sessions)

Embedded Systems and Applications Lab

Microcontroller Experiments using 8051 kit

1. Multiplication of two numbers using MUL command (later using counter method for
repeated addition )
2. Division of two numbers using DIV command (later using counter method for repeated
subtraction )
3. Pick the smallest number among a given set of numbers
4. Pick the largest number among a given set of numbers
5. Arrange n numbers in ascending order
6. Arrange n numbers in descending order
7. Generate a specified time delay
8. Interface a ADC and a temperature sensor to measure temperature
9. Interface a DAC & Generate a stair case wave form with step duration and no. of steps as
variables
10. Flash a LED connected at a specified out put port terminal
11. Interface a stepper motor and rotate it clock wise or anti clock wise through given angle
steps
12. Using Keil software write a program to pick the smallest among a given set of numbers
13. Using Keil software write a program to pick the largest among a given set of numbers
14. Using Keil software write a program to arrange a given set of numbers in ascending order
15. Using Keil software write a program to arrange a given set of numbers in descending order
16. Using Keil software write a program to generate a rectangular wave form at a specified port
terminal

Note: Student has to perform the following experiments

(1) 8 Experiments among experiment numbers 1 to 11
(2) Experiment Numbers from 12 to16 are compulsory

STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO DO A SMALL PROJECT WORK DURING THIRD YEAR

 Electronics 17 of 19

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ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
ELECTRONICS SYLLABUS ACADEMIC YEAR 2010-11

B.Sc III Year Electronics

Elective Paper IV (B) : Digital Design Using VHDL (90 Hours)

UNIT I (22 Hours)

Introduction & Behavioural Modeling

Introduction to HDLs: Difference between HDL and other software languages Different
HDLs in vogue. Overview of digital system design using HDL

Basic VHDL Language Elements: Identifiers, Data objects, scalar and composite data
types, Operators

Behavioural Modeling with examples: Entity declaration, Architecture body, Process

statement and sequential statements. Inertial and transport delay models, creating signal
waveforms, signal drivers, effect of transport and inertial delays on signal drivers.

UNIT II (23 Hours)

Data Flow and Structural Modeling

Data Flow Modeling with examples: Concurrent signal assignment statement, Concurrent
versus sequential signal assignment, Delta delays, Multiple drivers, Conditional signal
assignment statement, selected signal assignment statement, concurrent assertion statement.

Structural Modeling with examples: Component declaration, Component instantiation and

examples, Direct instantiation of component.

UNIT III (23 Hours)

Subprograms and Packages

Subprograms and Overloading: Functions and procedures with simple examples -

subprogram overloading, Operator overloading.
 Electronics 18 of 19

Packages and Libraries: Package declaration, package body, design file, design libraries,
order of analysis, implicit visibility, explicit visibility, library clause and use clause.

Advanced Features: Entity statements, Generate statements, Attributes, Aggregate targets,

ports and their behaviour.

UNIT IV (22 Hours)

Simulation and Hardware modeling

Model Simulation: Simulation Writing a Test Bench for a Half and a Full adder.

Hardware Modeling Examples: Modeling entity interfaces, Modeling simple elements,

Different styles of modeling, Modeling regular structures, Modeling delays, Modeling
conditional operations, Modeling a clock divider and a pulse counter.

Reference Books

1. A VHDL Primer - By J.Bhasker ., 3rd edition - PHI, New Delhi, 2007

2. Circuit design with VHDL by Volnei . Pedroni PHI, New Delhi, 2007
3. Digital Systems Design using VHDL by Charles H.Roth Jr.- PWS Pub.,1998
4. Introductory VHDL : From Simulation to Synthesis by Sudhakar Yalamanchili.-
Pearson Education Asia., 2001
5. VHDL Programming by Example By Douglas L.Perry.- 4th Ed - TMH., 2002
6. Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design by Stephen Brown & Zvonko
Vranesic - TMH. 2002
7. VHDL Analysis & Modeling of Digital Systems By Zainalabedin Navabi- 2nd Ed -
TMH, 1998
8. The Designers Guide to VHDL - By Peter J. Ashenden -2nd Ed., 1st Indian Reprint-
Harcourt India Pvt. Ltd., 2001.

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 Electronics 19 of 19

B.Sc III Year Electronics

Elective Paper IV (B): PRACTICALS (90 Hours- 30 Sessions)

Digital design Using VHDL Lab

VHDL Program entry, simulation & implementation (CPLD/ FPGA) using appropriate
HDL Software for the following circuits.

1. All types of logic gates (Data Flow)

2. Half adder ( Data flow, Structural and Schematic)
3. Full adder ( Data flow, Structural and Schematic)
4. Half subtractor ( Data flow, Structural and Schematic)
5. Full subtractor ( Data flow, Structural and Schematic)
6. Two control input Mux using case
7. Two control input Mux using conditional signal assignment
8. Two control input Mux using selected signal assignment
9. Two control input Dmux - using case
10. BCD to seven segment decoder (schematic)
11. Modeling a RS-FF with assertion, report & different levels of severity (Behavioural)
12. Modeling a BCD Counter (Top level behavioural)
13. Writing a Test Bench for a Half adder
14. Writing a Test bench for Full Adder

Note: Student has to perform any 12 experiments

STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO DO A SMALL PROJECT WORK DURING THIRD YEAR

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