POOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 Pyrotechny 194 PYROTECHNY by George W. Weingart A PRACTICAL MANUAL FOR MANUFACTURERS OF FIREWORKS, SIGNALS FLARES AND PYROTECHNIC DISPLAYS INDEX Page 252 “The Mon with Hat in Hond anne © Talented itintet a5 cells Beco cee sata oF ee. Renee oe See To those contemplating the making of fireworks, either profes it desirable to under- and the principles which govern the operations of the various devices as well ax the compositions of the chemi- ceala entering into their produation. ‘The principle of colored lights is based on: la. Producing & mixture that will bum at reasonable speed while generating an intense heat, 2nd. Adding thereto the salte of such elements, in the spectrum of which, predominate lines of the de- sired colors. Heat generating compounds consift chiefly of (a). Sub@ances which yield oxygen freely when ignited in the presence of carbon, Potassium chlorate, Potassium per-chlorete, Potassium nitrate, ‘Sodium chlorate, Barium nitrate, Stontium nitrate. (B). Carbon and carbonaceous sources, viz: Charcoal, ‘Shella: Fossil gume, Resins, Asphaltum, Dext Stearine, Sugar of milk, Corn flour etc. In addition to the above there are some substances which when added to colored fre compositions increase the affinity of the several confiituents for one another thereby improving the colors, viz. Sulphur Picrie acid ‘and in the in@tance of blue and green fires it is almom essential to add an easily volatilized chloride in order to feet sufficient depth of color. vir: Calomel Sal Ammoniae. ‘The exact function of these laf named subsances is not entirely clear but it appears that the bef spectrums are yielded by the chlorides of the elements. However moft chlorides are deliquescent and therefore unsuited to fireworks making. By adding a substance that yields chlorine freely at the moment of decomposition the necenry conditions are produced for abmining the bes results, ‘The following substances are mot generally used for producing pyrotechnical colors. PURPLE Snontium and Copper compounds, ORANGE Swontium and Sodium sal Bright or “Plain” Mixings Consia almo@ entirely of Salipeter, rarely Lead nitrate, Sulphur, Charcoal or lampblack. with the addition of Steel flings, Iron borings, Zine powder, ‘Antimony, Orpiment, Realgar. PINK Caleium carbonate,POOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 Calcium sulphate, Caleium ozalate GREEN avian strate, Barium chlorate, Bove acid, aed rarely Thalurn nitrate RED ‘Strontven mira, ‘Strontium carbonate, aed rely Lido sale BLUE ‘Copper earbonate, Copper arsenate, Copper sulphate, Copper black oxid. Copper & Aromoniam sulphate Copper oxalate, Copper & Ammoniam chloride YELLOW Sodium onalate, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium metantimoniate ‘The intensly bright white sparks are produced by slaminum powder. “At one time Magnesium war used for this purpose but it han been entirely discontinued, SS PART I. INGREDIENTS SALTPETER (Nitre—Potassium nitrate) Specitcations for aslipeter to be wed in freworke making call for a salt that ia clean, white and should bbe ground fine enough to pase through # sieve of 80) 1 100 maaah. It should contain leas than 1% of sodium, calcium and magnesium sale combined. POTASSIUM CHLORATE K C1 0, For pyrotachaical purpouas it should be white, odode and” contain not over M of 18 of sodium, calcium and bromine combined. Ie dhould be of the same Sneneee a ‘SPECIAL WARNING Never mix dry potassium chlorate with red phosphorus, black anlimony sulphide or sulphur. The mixture will detonate spontane- ‘ously with a shattering blast. Always moisten lum chlorate with water belore Mh the above chemicals or anything 195 PYRO’ POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE. K cl Oo, ‘This recently produced aubéance forms another val ble nddition to the pyrotechni@ ant. Containing even more oxygen than the” chlo lew lable to. de. ‘composition due te the fact that it ia'm salt of perchloric sid which in a much more sable acid than chlovc from whieh the chlorate in derived. It cam be subitued for SULPHUR. nlphus” which ia weed is ‘begs of 30 be “Flowers” of wilpher ie aluo sometimes used as ‘gound sulphur which bums. somewhat slower than the Era we vaigies, ‘Specibeasons call for lose than 1110 ‘of IW-of impurities and che finely round should pase Aheough a sieve of 120 mush, CHARCOAL. Willow coal in the bad for freworks purposes through coal made from any soft wood is auisble. Pine coal 4a not very dairble Charcoal that hae a brown tnt indicates incomplete carbonization sod should be aveided. Aleo i should contain « minimum of gil Shaking « sample inn botle of water and do fantng several times will daclove an excenive amount of mand ate LAMPBLACK. To make a good bright ar i should be free from cil or other impurities and it in wometimes necemary to bake it as willbe explained inter, in order to get nd cof volatile impuition which impair ite biancy in barn ms SHELLAC and other gums etc ‘Shellac, « gum like subnance, io the secretion of an ingea living on a large variety of tees in northern India ‘Alter going through ‘variout procemes it finally teacher thin couoiry in some dozen diferent grade. For the bet work speneable but for lock good, tbleas fres and torches 1 number of subticate gum have been trodveed wuch a+ Kaun, a forall resin of « light yellow ark Grown color obtained from New Zeland Red Gum comes. from the Kangaroo lolanda, mes from Aufialia K. D-dut ia used for green fre Asphalt fproducar excelent colort when finely round but owing to iia containing sulphur, or pechape on account of be- ing 10 etsly decompoted iti Hable to cause spontaneous combudion when mined with potassium chlorate A mise shallae ia alonePOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 ture of theve will explode violendy when @ruck with © hammer on an anvil With potanium perchlorate, how- fovea it it eaticaly safe. The Syrian Aaphalum ie the bet: So called Green Gum ie merely powdered coconut thella and hs no more value in pyrotechny than dun, Flour desing, sugar of mill ete are alas frequently ‘ued as sources of catbon Another stele of thin chara ia STEARINE. In making blve fre it has been found that stearine produces « beter offes, expecially with pars green and cher copper salts, than moft any of the other hydro- carbone It is modly chuined in cakes and ie reducod to a ‘servicable condition by ening « carpenters plane peidedown over « box and shoving the cakes aguin the blade #0 as to shave the Aearine an fine an pousible, When it i then mixed with the other ingredients it will pase through an ordinary sieve, STRONTIUM NITRATE. leis probably the mo® useful color producing chemical uted in Greworks making, a the deep red light ‘which it gives inthe mot marked effect which the pyr0- techaia os achieved. Owing t its deiquesceat properien, however, a sumber of methods have been devised to overcome thia tendency one of whith i to mek in an iton pot over + fre some shellac and ir in che ninate of arontia, cooling and pulverizing. Another plan ie to {ee carbonate of ronda but at the cod of considerable depth of clos. Suontium nitrate is used in # somewhat ‘oumer powder than the potassium wali but should be doen white and contain not over 1/3 of 1S moidure ad 4C of 1 sodium sal STRONTIUM CARBONATE ln damp climaten there in no altemative but to mie ‘hia Mrontium compound for moa exhibidion work as a piece of Iancework made with nitrate of ronson, if Expoted for one hour to « damp atmosphere. will hardy torn. Precipitated carbonate of srontiam ia the only Kind which, should te ote and guy be, purchased fox lb Te Tb or cam be easly made by adding carbona sf ammonia to « solution of arentiam nitrate, thorough causing an orange Ent to the red light BARIUM NITRATE ‘Ae « color pro- Alcer it in far inferior to frontium though doce not street moigure If used without calomel its color in 40 pale as to be alot inditinguiahable fom white Specii- cations for freworks making are pradically the same ae 196 PYROTECHNY for @rontim nitrate, A bettr salt for making green fre ie BARIUM CHLORATE ‘This salt give «very beausifal emerald color bt ite high coe. vis" about 30¢ Th maker line ted except in exhibition work. Some recipies have been iver sreen fre using boracie acid. thelium salt ete but Sed as Lit fo "very Hind ate! aro SODIUM OXALATE Bic areas 00 hat while yelow is the mom ‘common in general its pratical produation in pyrowchny je accompanied with some difielty fom the facr that there iv pracicaly only one insoluble salt cof vodiam while all the others are mote or leas hygrowcopic. ‘The aura and bicarbonate give deep. yallow lights but the lead dampness will render them incombuftible and ‘even the oxalate, will in damp westher, ateact moire ‘The excepson ie Sodium metantimoniate but as this alt comte $400 Th. and at bee gives pale color itis not much used. Oxalate of soda epate shout 20c lb ‘be emily made by adding bicarbonate of soda to « hot concenmated soluion of oxalic acid A copive precipitate falls which however cannot be washed but mutt be died fon a iter. “An exces of oralic acid should be main- tained in thie operation. COPPER ARSENITE aris green) ‘This enicle le made in New York tate and laewhere In Gia counsy and can be bought for from Ie Se 1h, from dealer in painters supple. It can aloo be easly made by adding « solution of bae-@one to one of arseniua ‘cid, washing tnd drying the resultant bulky precipitate. 1 is weed in making bloe fre. ‘The hind wed for grees ‘alat in eainly antafacory for Geeworke aking. COPPER, Black Sulphide ‘This compound i valuble in the production of Hue and purple fires when used in conjunction with calomel. Ie ine Dortane ro note in this connection thatthe product made by fusion only is of value in prrotechny. The precipitated black vulphide i cles. As it is sometimes quite dificult obtain the above product while itis very eary to make, the allowing method is edvised. Procure somethin sheet of serap copper and cu them into pce abour I inch square. Take a large clay crucible and peck i with alternate layers of the copper serapa ane ground902 MAM*S JAMES UOND Vol. 1 sulphur to within an inch or 40 of the rope Cover and place bh bright re fre for about an hour. When removed and. ceoled the contents may be shaken out and ground or pulve- tae for use, ertening through « 62 10 80 meh sieve. Exact proportions of aulphur and copper are not necemary a the cerca of copper burs off in Fusing. COPPER, Black Oxide sed similarly asthe above and i i more eatily ‘obtained. The fused form must be used ss the brownish light precpiated oxide ls wiles in reworks making COPPER CARBONATE ‘This wubsance is also ued for making Blas Gre tou beter alfecs ara obtained by the use of ether copper compounds, with Ieee trouble. ‘The native carbonate, i slrmom, clon for freworks purposes but the precipitated {a cally obrained from dealers im pyrotechnical chemicals or can be made by adding carbonate of ammonia toa soi ton of Bhietone. Chenters Copper i» made by caraally ‘ding agus ammonia to a solution of Blae-@one, cer crating and cheyfalining. Black wulphuret of copper, black ‘tide of copper and various ather copper compounds are ccationaly wed. The author has cbuained the bea rule th camper ammoium clrde end calomel vaneee- sary sith thie alt COPPER SULPHATE For moe purposes where & good bie ws for exhibition purposes the sal but owing to its being «sulphate great care m ‘be aod in mining it with chlorate of potash and w neparate titve should be used for mistwner of these wubRancen, which should not be employed in any other work. I cote tnually 1c to Se lb Mistres ecntaining i tuft not bbe ftored but used prompely after making. Exporure to rmoift air oudizes thin and tlensee valphurie acid, Thin can be obviated by ting potasiom perchlonte but the tesulkingminturee are mich more dificalt to ignite in the form of fare ete, ANTIMONY Metalic or Regios antimony, when oely powdered io am irom mortar iv used in making white re ANTIMONY SULPHURET. (black) 16 70 pure it ie all servicable for pyrotechni- 197 PYROTECHNY pupotes and is used for making white fre, marcons Vmnoke ofuas. Red and orange ruphurets ere also sometimes twed, ‘The compounds awe poiscnoes, RED ARSENIC, (REALGAR) Aa S, ORPIMENT As S They are useful in ra: ing white dary, especially sx these take fre fat more tauly than those made from antimony. Amenie compound fee alto weed for making yellow winoke in day fireworks, ge ALUMINUM. When, aboot 50 years ago, it wan found that a ar of ururuel ‘brlaney could be produced by the use of Taamnesium this metal suddenly came into” eonsideble demand in spite of tt ther cof af $7500 lb About the time that its pice wan reduced to $5.00 Ib. it wae found that aluminum was in every way better end com idle more then $1.00 Tb. in fne powder It cam now bbe gotten from mom paint dealer in Th eana or papers At 6be Tb, “Aluminum powder should be 958 pure. It ‘may contain 26 faly meteial and I% silicon. The Sine ‘should pate though «100 meah sieve and the fake, {ough 50 mesh sieve CALOMEL. ‘This ia used to deepen the color of free when they ze not auficonly deep without its we [0 has been Found thatthe chiovides of mele give the bet spedrum ‘but chlorides are not tually practical for Ereworks ake ing 00, the addition of an easly decomposed chleride to reworks compositions is te. produce w chloride at the moment of combufion thereby aeauiting de desired reel Find divided metals slvo take fre sponsanously im chle- Fine gun and the great hest thereby produced probally cau the inctensed depth of color. AMMONIUM CHLORIDE. Sal Ammoniac. ‘Thie i» sometimes used as 2 asbtitvio for calomel but ita afinity for moitore serouly interferes with ie ener use. ‘The crydalized salt is alnoet uilens, DEXTRINE. In all the old works on pyrotechny, ether & solution ‘of shellac in aleohel or gurt arabic in water iy wed toPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vo. ‘ind compositions for making are and other similar pur: poten, but at present in most cases the necessary amount oF dewtine. in added at once to the minture and then othing bat water in needed to form it into the detived objec. Dextrine also improves the color of some free fand it may be advantageously, oned in place of glue for ht work. Porto dextine uauully comes in acks of bout 200¢ and cod from 24e 10 Se Ib. When wed foe guevning rocket Ricks, tabs ete, it ie simply mined ‘with water to the desited consistency. The light brows 152 ia mod suitable for pyrotachay. GLUE. Several forma of glue are wed in Sreworie making For ataching lances to frame, work a good grade of carriage glue le bet. For stacking mine bottome ete to the cases cheap carpenters glue will wufice For placing shell nea and securing the ends of cannon crackers, 0d Equid glue ie mot convienent GUM ARABIC. form this is weed in some tas composi- for making Japanese Stare. [ei leo used in "Son of w Gun” composition. STEEL FILINGS. Cast iron borings ete. A beautiful scinilating effect in produced with eel figs ured in various ways. The Japanese make » litle tube of (ined paper. at one end of which is « come potiion which when lighted produces » lowing bead ‘sf motion fx. The balance of the tube contains eel flings which when reached by the fused bead, bur ine te feather like flasher. In other counties ec! flings. vided to gerbe, fountains and deving caves with renal ing Vrilianey. “A beautiful waterfall fea le produced by charging from 50 to 200 cases 2 inchen in diameter and 12 inches long with a composition containing caf iron borings. ‘These ate fattened to acaniings at intervala of about 15 inches each scaning holding. about 16 gerbs ‘Thete are matched and hoited to wire eable some 50 feet above the ground. When bumed the fect is rmo® realfic ar the are of the suspended vite giver ivf the vight curve to enute the appearance of perapec tive while the roar of the burning. gerbe is alee, char: acteinie of Niagara Falla'as the ine rom the iron bot. cope to the ground. ‘The beft te! flings for exrba is known as “needle ‘eel’ This resembles broken sewing nesdles but ie relly 4 by-produt of tome turing or planing operation. The feel Bling frm saw fling shope are quite good provid 198 PYROTECHNY cd they ara the rmlt of hand ling and not the parler thrown off by emery wheela, which are uses for pyre technical porpoen, When ec] flings are added to gerd ‘ompenisone the slpeter qulcly etacke them. frequently ‘enusing the gerd to become quite hot. The eal ia rlted tnd this clon praaicaly dears its wetalaees, To ‘revert this the Meal mul by contd in some wey. that {he aaltpte cannot stack it which may be secomplshed a bllewe In an xsteware anncepan place « piece of parfin and eateuly malt heating a0 mach an pouble with ‘OW permiting H to smoke: "To the add dean el A shad oo (ter cover cach ling, ‘Shake the pon end Air eguent Ty while cooling to prevent the flings from eaking. Sel linge are ao wed for ‘are in rockew nd abel CLAY. “This is uved for cloving the endo of mom cases ax well ae choking them when they ate not crimped. Moa any kind of clay yell do. It mat be thoroughly died, pulverized and aited. Before Using, it may be sighly dampened GUN POWDER. ‘Thin ia used in all grader from Dupont FFF Rifle to the conve graina as large as cracked corn, for shell A tow burning powder is preferable for a diving charge fit reduces the liability of shells bunting in the mortar MEAL POWDER. TWis article is used considerably tn diplay work for gerbe ote and in shea and roche an a blowing charge Wis generally eupplied in 25 Ib. wooden Kegs but sometimes dificult to obtain. In that case some pyT0- (echnits make a fairly good aticle themeelves, ee follows Mount 4 $0 gillon wood barrel on two uprights 90 that it will yevolve frely on centers Faened to the lends, ‘On one center attach crank and cut a hole (cloned by a mite plug) into side of Baral for pling im removing the necessary ingredients. Place in the berrel 300 to $00 lead bella about one inch in darneter, When 4k in desied to make meal powder put into the berel 12 thoroughly mised. composition aa Fallows: Seltpeer, double refined 15 Ibe. Willow charcoal 30 Sulphur four 2° ‘The bartels now revolved for shout 500 turns. The longer itis tumed, the Aronger the powder will become Great care mut be exercised to see that a Foreign mat- ter such ravel ete. find their way isle. the Darrel as thi might result in an explosion,POOR MAN'S JAMES EOND v. ‘New Ingredients. Some yeurs ago powdered magnesium was added to ‘he ingredients used in pyrotechny and very fine bright tflecs were produced with it Jum when it high price snd ite afinity for onygen. causing it to decompose themnicala with which it war mined, made pyrotechnite Took at it eskance aluminum came on the scene. Add- ed to far and torehen it greatly increceee thet blianey tnd beauty. Exquisite water fall fee are produced with it as well at cometa uiled Aare and intenaly bright faves, Large quantities of Bnely divided aluminum (pyro sluminum) are wed in the mew “Rash crackers” and the tame compontion ia used in maroon. shell, Besides increasing the report it gives = daringly bright uch to the explosion. ‘Being unefleced by water itis Ukewie auch safer than magnesiom bat care should’ be “used in handing it because a4, before mentioned all” Bacly divided metale are litble to explosion when in contact with oxygen producing chemicala Rubbing into it « val amount of vateline seems to reduce the danger of accident, Pietc acd is another valuable ingredient in Greworks ‘making. When added in small quantiies to color. it deepens them and increase thir rilianey without mak ing them burn much faster. Alaa beautiful colors can bbe produced with i almod ree from smoke. Bot i mutt always be kept in mind thet plete, acid Grint Phenod in = fr cousin to TNT the tremendour ex: lesive force of which is only too well known. For this reaon it cannot be used in ahella ax flare made with ie will detonate when confined, intend of burning. A ‘other eflect for which large quantities of picrc acid were sued until ome yeart ago when a fatal sccident occured in factory employed almow exclusively in making them ie the amusing “whaling freworke’. Pirate of pot hee the peculiar property of emiing a abill whialing Sound when rammed tighiy and bumed in amall tube IF made in small quanties and carefully handled \o be reasonably safe but the result of sceidemtly detonated ean be veadily imagined Sill another substance producing & mot beautiful lea when fed from specially prepared cocks bbe explained Inter in deta, ta phoaphorus, It is with ‘hia thet the a0 called “liquid fie rockets" ate made end ‘+ more benuifl dieplay than these doce not exist. They conti of an intensly yellow ame ming. ae it fall hnough the air, breaking. into myride of incandescent aticles with a heavy background of white smoke ‘Obwvioualy, the grented cate mult be exercised in ity use ,thwehara ns, even when ery. arall av. t Dainfal, bot when propery handled it no more dangere fou than many other artides, Considerable quantities of phouphoros are also uted PYROTECHNY the manufadure of the aitcle veriouly known aa "spit devil” “ton of « gun’, “devil on the walk” ete Dut deaths of children by poisoning om account of mis taking there tablet looking’ contivanees for exndy and fetting ther has caused ther retvition in some: @aten Amorphous phorphorss ix the base of mot of the toy torpedoes in use. Fulminate of silver wea used al mot exclusively for this purpose 40 yeare ago but only ‘mall amount in uted now owing {9 ie very sense nature. However ite method of use and preperation wil, be given Inter as a ialter of record. Zine powder in uted 20 some extent for meking what a known at Eledtic Spreader Star. These produce. ‘An original effet, breaking up while burning into many tomall Uish-areen panicles. ‘These, beng propelled with ‘eonsidenble force give the appearance of alecrical die- chargen, hence the name. On account of the explosive nature of zine duft the making of thie ar mat be done ‘with caution and reserve, unl it in well underfood, ‘An elle that is always beautiful, easily produced, ia perfedy safe under all cucum@ances and ir sucepable ‘of en infinite ‘variety of see ie the Jopaneee or lemp. Black atar The well known Willow Tree rockets and shelly are made with it and it may be used a2 garniture For colored totkew, mines ele. An untrual alloc ie ftiven to any auicle to which a amall quantity of Jap. far in added. PART IL. MANIPULATIONS ‘The handling of explosiven, naturally, is never en- trey free of danger. No more so is elecuicity, gnsline and muy ether things in daly one yet many pertoee have devoted long lives to the making of Breworke with cout having an accident Even with the greate@ care, however, accidents will occur to both those employed. in making Greworks as well as those burning them It ia here endeavored to point out the mow fruitful somes of sesident though obvioualy it is impossible to foresee very intance in which some catclesnets or uckzown, factor may bring on diaafer Firm, abeaye keep separate places, © considenble aance apart to be uted for making veculled “plain ‘misings” 2 teckel, romancandle and gerb compouiton, containing sulphur, andthe colored misinge. containing chlorate of potash. Separato eves and tenella of every evcription mutt be employed and those working. in the “plain” wediona of the fadory mua not go into the roomsPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 of thoee in the “colored” sedions Second. keep in mind that very aight fiion will sometimes far the burning of mixtures of finely divided chemical Sear compovition has been knows to explode while being sifted by scmiching the beaas wine sieve Lbotiom with the finger nail while rocke have. taken fina fom the base void vammer axiking the top of the spindle while rammin ‘Third, finely divided metal, when in contad with chlorate of potasium tomatimes take Sve euddenly. Wille fortunaisly this ia seldom the cate it mud: not be loge tight of, Even aed flings and iron bovings Requenty become quite warm when mised with ealteter ete and rammed into gerbe, Fie is said to have eecmed from this action. ‘The prevention of this hav been eplained under “Steel Flings Employes in the mixing and ramming room of fae: tories should be required to wear rubber shoee while at ‘wotk and confant vource of danger is the caning of matches. ‘This cannot even be controlled by requis, ing the employes to change their dathes in the factory Defore going to work and having them wear garment ‘without porkew av they will sometimes slip out for & smoke during vo hours and have matches vcreted tome: ‘where abost their persone. Smull buildings should be supplied. shout 12 feat scuare and not let than $0 feet apatt for all those n= zed in mixing end ramming operations at wall a for sc making are and ua much ae pole have one enon toe room. Doors should be placed at both ends of work rooms and should always open to. the eutide With n0 fastenings on the inner side but held closed, if desired, by pring hinges. Fire buckets, inepeded daily should be on each building. supplemented by Gre howe convienently placed for emergency. ‘The moe auccensfl method of reducing the Habilty sf eerows necidenta to a minimum ie to beep all times the lend possible amount of eomposton on hand in the ‘work rooms and to remove to forage or Brishing rooms Ail rammed aticles ae quickly an they accumulate Long experience has shown the following i of mix- tures used in pyrotechny to exhibit the charkdeition following each and are to be handled accordingly. SALTPETER. SULPHUR, CHARCOAL end LAMP- BLACK tee ta be the safed combinations with which ‘we have to deal accidents with theae secur only when 1 epark has been ruck in some manner and brought im contaa with mixtures of them. BARIUM NITRATE with wolphur, ealtpeter and alumi: ‘mum are not reported to have cauted any accidents, BARIUM and STRONTIUM NITRATES, ALUMI. 290 PROTEC! NUM and similar asbeances in combination with POTAS- SIUM PERCHLORATE have been found to be among the anfe miatures even when mized with wulphur and gue Barium nitrate and Suontium sisate when ia combi ration with polasiam chlorate and shellac or other gums form a sensitive misture and this condition ie rgdy ia creased when powdered charcoal is added. Cate is there: ove urged to avoid all unnecceseary Sion when handl- ing same. BARIUM CHLORATE yields is oxygen quite readily so it ato be handled with great cate im compounds ‘containing shellac and other hydrocarbons, ALUMINUM powder in mistures with potasslm chlo- rate barium nite and shellac or other carbos wources ‘ne claused ap “harardou Mintures of potansium chlorate with sulphur, ulphatee or sulphides are to be avoided at all times Calories ‘should never be mixed with ammonium alien thin combination ie said to be lable to epontansous coer bution. Petauium bi-chromate and permanganate are to be handled with care, eapecilly in combination with foul aivided metals. Mintures of picrc acid and chlotates are too ynsi- tive for endiaary wos, Comporiions of potassium chlorate and phosphors suf never be mixed except undar water, Phosphorus alone muf never be removed from water for more than ‘8 few moments at» time, and then handled so as 9 id al figion. FULMINATES of MERCURY and SILVER should only be handled by experts. When cate ia urged in the foregoing combinations it doce not refer to amall amounts sed bya person of condinary judgement but more apecifcally to amounts of 30 to 100 pounds when thoughdlessly handed an 40 such sand or coment, ‘When experimenting with new eubltances use the smallest posible amounts of the component chemicals luna] the entire safety of the mistue is assured. Belore ‘ing considerable quantien of new matures they should be aubjeted to exhautive tate as fridion, pereustony Aetonation and molture with subsequent drying. Aloo ‘their fash point should. if ponible be atcerained wich sniinble apparatus for this purpose.POOR MAN'S: MIXING. WARNING READ THIS! Tris po acne forthe proehnit @ Inow what ie cons of eet means wil gre the ee le he ates heshld ao undead the sein why th es teave, For tans he ty ow tata mstare felipe, Scichor aed hac yall txplde when libel mich ie woht mn comact wiht bite doula Know why it ios Broadly speaking practically all pyrotechnic compositions owe thet Acton to chemical decompention. This may occ Unde: four diferene conditions, namely roti, burning, ex sloeon and detonation. ‘The second tnd thie of tee are ‘made use of most frequertiy by the pyrotechnist. The last, ‘ith a fea excepions he tie 9 aveld while the St is of no value 10 him Rong i slow proces, usualy preduced by fungus and bacterin aided by moisture and sight heat Boring proceeds very much ister and one of the objects ofthe pyres isto contol ie speed, ion i dus goa vielene combinsion ofthe chemical ements which combine eaily wits one another and i usualy broughe about bythe application of es. Heat ray aie from fre feicton or spontaneous combustion. Detonation isan intaneancous decomposition of che sub- stances involved, in which their component elements change place with the ukmote violence, This property is made use of fn Blasting with dmate, ete here the greatest poate nergy is desued from the substances involved. [ei brought lout mostly by the use of fulminates which detonate when ignited: Dynasite, when lighted simply buras bot when seal amount of fulminate detonated in its midst she wesion 's communicated to the dynamize and the resultant violet tetion is produced, ‘Chemical ncn resula from the seraction of diferent elements for one another. For inatance: if ene part by weight of oxygen tnd 2 parts of hydrogen are mixed at ordinary ten- perature nothing occurs but Ha spark or other source of ley as sunlight i allowed in thelr midet the reacon pro: ceeds ta point where the mixed gates combine with # vslent explosion and water is produced. This principle applies throughout vo practically all pyroechnica misrurs. Explosive Hazards ‘This i the “headache” of che pyrotechnist. The elements TAMES BOND Vol. 1 2 PYROTECHNY of some chemicals are so loosely combined thar cher &y apart A cimes without the dzece application of heat. One such it ponssiam chlorate, one of the most useful Erework chemicals. TMi in due to the fact that its acid component, wig ehlorie acid, an unstable compound and. very ely dissociated ‘Consequently only a slight rie in temperature is sometimes sufisient ro bring about an explosion. In the presence of sul. ‘hus sulphides, ulphazes, ec, which dough oxidation some- ‘imes produce minute quantities of sulphuric ecd, this tex dency is very strong. Consequently, compastons containing ‘these mibeances most be suicdy svoided. Finely divided metals combine ith onpgem ently and sometimes react cufcienly at ordinary temperatures to cause ‘ie. Aluminum and sine ate imtances of thir danger. [STRICKING FIRE i another cause of danger egnaut which the protechase must be on constant urd. This rsa due to sel coos being struck together in presence of easy igrited compounds, Sometimes, russ foole and even wooden pare produce enough friction ko cause Bre. ‘The fr operation in reworks making and I may tay the mo® important is mixing. Chemicals 716 to #18 mosh in onion ia to be mixed ‘mote convleneat and the si to jut Br inaide the upper ings of from 100 Ibe, up towghe sre these the sieves are made square and &t jaa troughs, tame av with tubs. Mizing machines are some: times used for bright work or mixings containing no cl rate of potash but they are too dangerous for colors i } a FFOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 ‘mizing between viftings and after lft sing. For oninary ‘compositions this is euficient but some mixture are pam ‘ed four ot five times Uurough the sieves, In colered mixings more care mut be observed and ‘ach ingredient sifted separately the fet ose excapt the shallac, cou! ete which eam be put right inte he bottom of the nib, Never throw the chlorate of potsh on the sieve at the same time with dexting or other hydroear- ‘bons but at the potaeh ft and add cher salt one by fone. Great care should be taken never to lt the Bager- tails @rike the sieve while oiing as it a very cary to “auike fee'hom wich ‘cauen, with diadtrose eed as sharp ar compeniions tn loose ate are = rplosive we meal powder, Special misings will be de- teribed when we come to the compositions requiring them. CASE ROLLING. ‘This ia the next moa important operation of the bas ‘new and the one requiring probably the mom machani- cal skill judging from the time required 2 Inara it and ‘he comparatively small suber of rally good ease valle 1 te be found in mol fadinin, All Kinds of feeworks require a case of some bind xcept tableau fires. A good case mutt be tightly rolled ‘The bet arrangement for case rolling is = sort of large desk made af tongue and trooved Aoosing tightly joined and Frmly railed to alle tf about 2 inches thickness and tapering from 2 inches in front to 6 oF 7 inchow in the back oo as to form a frenile ree from front to reer. According to the work tbe one the rolling board may be made from two fou fot wide. See Fig. 1. A marble slab lao ie ood for rolling rocket cates. Figs rawbourd,featheredged, IN. ¥. and comes in sheets Fbat iby £ | k RE bare ever ted it, There is also « grerish rag paper ‘which fe extensively ured for candies. Sines this was writen the use of smite paper board has ‘become mined. On the other hand it requives Keeping 1s leer mock of empty cates contnvally on band which in sometimes inconvienent Linen paper ie much rong. [Lancas are made from J to X! in dameter and from 24" to 4 long Generally apenking, the greater the dae rater, the lees need be the lenght. T generlly wwe « lance: 4° diameter made of ribbed Unen paper 17" TERE PEEPELLEP EE Hels ete letra Hf i2O0R MAN'S JAMES 20ND Vol. 1 wheal casea and match pipes are rolled in a tame as lances, except that no bottoms ‘and Lease or feel rode are ueed ine ‘mom convienent size for match pipes length and? dameter. Ure a good vanilla or kraft paper 24" x 36%, 20 Ibe. to ire is et the longo vray of the shoot, in "Av aeel sod four foot long ix theet should be patted on both sides. ‘The manner of proceeding ia to lay 1 sheet on the rolling bosrd, pretty wall up ear the top, and upside down, Then with a ‘© fat paint brush poly thin pate cuite heavily on abot # of the top of the sheet and about the same 203 PYHO"ECHNY ita entre length. Now roll firmly slong, one hand fol lowing the other unt the whole sheet is rolled up care ‘being taken that the case dooe not rin to one side. By fn quick backward twit of the rod it may now be re- ‘or candlen and other cance as well care should to always cut #0 the cave rolls with the grain and with the feather edge at the top of 140 wo* . ry : wo oa 0 wr we - 25 32 100 30" 36 . Cases for rocket, gerbe, fountains, toubilions, saxon te andthe umall paper guns used for mines, floral shell ete. require considerable akill und atengih for roll- ing, eopecally the larger sizes. After vecing a great many ease rollers at work and employing at diferent times ‘het vasous methods, I have come to the conclusion that the followica isnot only the ausie but makes the bef Procure « emall hair serbbing bruh of good quality fund Tong sit hair. Have the paste somewhat fer than for candles, Lay the sbest of Grawhoard on the rolling ‘our (in the caus of rockela, with the shest of caridge paper on top of it) Now, with the serubbing brah rub ‘ome pute evenly over the carcdge paper, (not at much ‘8 for candles) und immediately oll up a sighdy ae possible except the Ing two inches or ao. Now pate the sheet of rawbourd over ae you did. the carwidee paper and place the pany rolled cane on top of it abo 2 or F* from the end nearen you vecing thet the edges fof both are even. Raise the end of the arawbourd pro- jecting behind the already parly rolled ease and bend B around so ie will lay between the part of the cartidge paper let unrolled and continve rolling, pressing. meat While the cave Srmly to the rolling board or marble lab ‘unl the cane in completed Thin leaves «cane that inPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 shsady half doy and when, completely no, should be fim ‘enough thet finger. The advantages of thie method of rolling heavy ‘ates ia thatthe paper, especialy the arawboard has not the time to become softened snd ewelled up. ber of ahecte are patted down at once, and a tighter leans et and more easly and uickly dred case renuls, If too ‘much pate ia used, when the cate dies the water fom, the ame evaporates, leaving the cave spongy. The sizes of rockets vary ax much av thove of candles scorn the flowing i en ety be wed apron ee i} ie s PAD mT ue Floral Shell Guns. a ' Tse 100) 3 200m 2ame 100 4 3 Ie 3 aie 100 4 4 ieee 100 5 Gerbs. feannot be bent in on the ends with the 204 PYROTECHYY ¥ * ro we ir we 1 Niagara Fall 2+ SHELL CASES. ‘Theve, though not being rolled (except the canine hall canes) propesly come ‘under thie division ae they fare part of the case roller! businen, to make and re competed of paper and pate ‘Theta are two ware of making them One, roughly ‘speaking, consiae of papering the inside of « bola the other, papering the outside of a ball. We will tke ‘is inch diameter shell an an example to work on av it i the mom popular site and same method is-employed for all Fie procure « pedledly round ball of wood or some other subsance, five inches in ameter, We then Cut frie of frawbourd and tagboard or heavy paper of mof any Kind, about 3 wide and 4 long and pene them on a board. one on top of another, with wo much page between them that they will not @ick together but wil become soft and pulpy. Ihave used a aor of red building paper eald in roll which mada better case than any other kind I ever used. The Arawbourd and other paper should not be petted in the same pile but two piles made, one pile of each kind. Now omear the ball or mold well with pane will be wet enough to keep the paper from drying Aicking to it before shell case can be finished. Then take @ripe of paper from cither pile Se and lay them fon the mold, beginning: on top and runsing hall way down the side. Lay che second ai to it will ap over the ft one about Kt atthe lower end and almoe over it'om top but ¥ lower down. The third ap should fart all a half inch further down from the top while the fourth arp again @aste at the top. This wil prevent the shell care from becoming egg shaped. Continue thi Sr he ai re il fe el be covered with paper. Each arip mutt be frmly pressed down end sil eurphas padte squeezed ext with the. finger. Now repeat the operation at before but using the other peper ‘The objec ie to make it easier to vee where one’ lnyer haa begun and the other ended ae eech layer iv put on. Another way it to eut the ripe « foot lone and ater ‘softening with pate as above, lay them on the mold from the top to the middle, tearing off the @rip at the required point and leting second and third pieces Aart half an inch below the other #0 as not to get the top too thick a8 explained nbove, ‘Afar the thied layer has been pot on one should beTAMES LOKD VoL. 1 POOR Mav layern This procem is connued, preming each sip ae nly ex powible until the ease is about MY thick at the edges where it in unualy thine, and not over 34" on top. If the work has been propery done the half shell can naw be slipped of and allowed to dry. When dry the lower edge should be trimmed off with a sharp knife ‘ate psint that will make to halves. when put together shaw a fair aphere ‘The other method ia to have # wooden block hel lowed cut 40 a4 to have « hole init 3) in diameter sands perfec semiaphere. Ora mold may be made by {aking + ball of this diameter, cling i well and vetting 1 hallway of ste diameter into a box of vat planer of parin Now then, proceed as before, except pading the rips inside the hollow intend of on the otide of the ball) This will make a beter looking shell and | be lieve, a atrouger one whes properly done. The paper may be cut into arips a fect or more long and tor off fr thay seach the edge of the hollow. Ip this wey al le is avoided and the rough edge made more even and vegular. ‘The ripe should be premed very femly the quality of the thell depends om si. Il the prow fore again the finger, in rubbing out the pate, maker them sore, a piece of wood about 3 long and if wide, rounded ard abghtly curved on the edge, may be wed fuse sort of aqueezer Il the work hae been well done, the case should be ae fem a4 wood when dvied. To removing the wet shell ease fom the mold, fet im the bottom of it two Aripe of cloth at ight les with the ends protuding over the siden, long och to parit pling the cae out by ther when i 1s completed. ‘When the halves have been evenly timmed place te together aa an to form a aphere and secure joint with altiip of eanvae emeared ‘with glue. Thon pot on fone or twe more layers of paper. After aguin deying, bore hole for fine through one end er bere sill bore hole rcuah one hal from led, with « wood Bi before Is addltion to these methods very good shells can be easly und quickly made where hellow balls of zinc, §in or wood can be obiained The wood half bala need only to be well glued together and they are ready for lure. ‘Thove of zine and tn require to be papered jut ‘directed for shell raaking with round mold except that tntte ball ie papered unt it ie aboot 4 thick for & hell and 1" for, hella, Other in proportion. The caren for cylindsicel or caniter shells need eiled description as they are made juf like any othe Theawy caus. A former of the required size is procured tnd the case rolled thereon juft ax for a mine of draw- 205 PYROTECHNY board or other paper, When thoroughly dry the wooden heads or pluge re fited: nailed im with I* iron brads, orwell glued if made with » Mange and carefully eealed ‘Around with several thicknesses of good manilla pape. DRYING CASES. For all enses mote than 6? long, racks are moft con- vienent for deving them. These are made of @ripe of ie 2 eyprem of other light wood, nutabe For suppor: ing them The longer the cases, the farther apart the fipe should be. When fled with cases they should be moved to well ventilated room er covered platform, placed in the son they will be badly warred when dey, (Fig. 3) Center and end @vipe are WY 3% faa ‘Small cases may be thw into sieves 2 fest wide bby 4 feet long, made of |" material, # deep and the Votoms covered with galvanized hardware cloth of st mesh When cases ote dred away care should be taken to protect them From roaches and mice an thee are ab trated by the pate, FORMERS. Al paper cates are rolled on formers of one kind for another. For rocket, geebe ate theae may consid of hard wood dicks but better formeta are made of light bate tubing with am ostaide diameter equal tothe innde ameter of the cate devired. They should be one to two inches longer than the intended eave and ited with wood. ‘en handles to enable them to be easily semoved when, cme ia rolled. (Fie. 4) Fig. 4 = Rocket cose FormerPOOR MAN*S JAMES BOND Vou. 1 tolled on wooden formers, the nde tamed down to convienent sie #0 hr the hand. Roman candles are rolled on rode of machine ed ‘while maich pipes ead pin wheels are. rolled on thin Trane or stech rods. Lances, on small braen tubing PASTE. Without this simple amicle, 1 doubt if any great mount of modem fireworks could be produced, a it in almow constant demand in every department of the faaoer. Ready made pete is now 40 emily and cheaply ob- ined that few persons care to bother about making it but for thoes mot ao fortunately situated the following ia 1 Gandaed method: Mix 4 ora wheat four with 8 oun water and 4 or. powd. alum, rubbing untl free ‘of lumps. Pour this slowly and with com ant aizing into: 16 ons. boiling water to which has ‘been added, 5 diope eabolie acid, 5 deope oil of lover, 2 graine comosive sublets, When cold it should be rvady for ute, Anothar method which | ma shout to. descbe, | ‘think, noj only the bea and simplea but requires nothing for preserving and if propery made, will keep for a month in winter, The proce conridts manly in ing the batter to sour belote cooking: and cooking by ‘adding Loling water indtead of placing diealy on the fine whete it ia likely to get lumpy or overcooked The following devsly are for making pate in lote of three or four buckew per day Procure two deep wooden tube of shout 20 gallons ‘capacity. Buy © barcel of the cheapent grade of four you cam get, Samples or vour and wormy for will do Hi fe not adulterated. “Pur 2 of 3 bucketfula. of Nour ino one of the tubs and add water, airing meanwhile with «paddle unsl well mixed snd shout convienent to handle. It does not rafter if iis h thete all come out in the souring. “When the tb ‘been filed not more than one third full allow it to ret ine warm place (about 80°F) for te or heee: daye by hk Sine feoeniaton wl have atin’ When the fr il have setled ae ‘botom of the Tab with sour bowen Pour thin off and fll several buckets ‘bout ene thd full of thin Barer, Now have « water 206, PYROTECHNY boiler of about ten gallons capacity with faucet in bottom, fon gutoline ove or furnace and when thie ie fled ‘with’ Boling water place ‘one of the buckets of batter Ander the faucet Open it and while the water ie rune ning in air it buskly. ‘The contents of the bucket wil sr fret become ae thin as mill but as it begina to fil in wil gradually thicken until it cam hardly be aired if al the etule have been coneay followed, nda bucket of chen, cleam and very icky pate fee from all humps ‘will be the real. The other tub may be wed abternater 1y- with the fem for sourng batter while that in the fat i bring wed for patie making. Thin pete, having bee soured belare cooking cannot sou sgain and will ‘become watery. Clue and destrine are wmmetimes added to make pats bind better and alum bluemone, salicylic acd sc. fo pee serve it but theae ate all unnecessary if made as above: CRIMPING. Sometimes gerba, ete are choked or crimped to re- duce the opening, in place of wing clay. This « dove by taking a sim of rong @ring or piano wire around the cate while all wet, about from the end’ and draw ing sahty while turning the case slighty vo as to make Tat job. One end of the @ving thould be ted te « rll er some unyielding objec while the other in pasted around the body (1) (Fig. 5). “A nipple. with «short point slighty smaller than the desired opening to be let in the end of the case should be inteied about 1? bee fore drawing the fring +0 that the end of the cane wilPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOXD Yo. 1 bbe kept open and crimping nenly done (b). A. mech- ical device ronde by © Cincinnati machine works doce the work very neay and much quicker than the ring proceas, (e) (Fg. 5) RAMMING. ‘As this operation will be dascibed in detail under ‘ench of the ardcles to be rammed ax we come 10 them, nly « few general divecions will be given” All rem: his back while at work. A out wood block. either ing on the ground or over a foundation should be used fer ramming on. For heavy ramming. the beat mallee 'e those made of raw-hide. These are yound and range fn weight from 34°Ib, to (0 Ibe. About 2 Ibe ia a good weight for the average work. (Fig. 6) Rarming tools should be made of brat or gun-metal tse the nipples, while the apindles for rockete mun be rade of deel ‘Scoops for taking up the desired amount of composi Sion at atime, can be made of tin or any light metal tind should be” provided in dierent sires from about 3" im diameter and I" long to. It in diameter and 3* long. ‘ith about si intermediate sizes ax some compositions ‘ork beter when rammed in emall quansiies than othere with the same calber of ease RAMMING with ROD and FUNNEL For all mall work euch as serpents, saucssons ete. make « funnel about # high, 3 inch diameter on top. fed 5/16-a8 the botom, without « spout, Fie. 7) (a). 207 PYROTECHNY &A ter Proce «rod 4° dante and 12! 1" on ezordng {ork be dove A wooden kn aay be Tnganed 10 top of same for convienence in ramming {c). Im use, Fen ppd on oe The fone al ce Cnpnton hae ital a inured in apf cre Sad wile ed moved wp asd down, aking So fer Ely each time the comparison become med wih silt nly. When te hasbeen mm wae Sra Top Rone i evel toda huge ef day 3 dad te"aop so by antigay © fw Mowe wi TiN" ond tle daft amas The areas Sew ter lance ie somewhat liver The Hana Sop che he Di asap top and DE hgh TE 5 hedae on baton a apne 1 ace Exeter prjeing from bat for S62 Te whe se trove fam ave even fam the proper armen of ace Si ie MATCHING. ‘This ia the term used to designate that funion of yrotechny which contift of bringing fue to the various area of devices ax they are bumed. In mom of the in- Gividual arden a short piece of match is titted in the noting of the wrapper or faened ciberwise. In set pices {hs eperaon thes on an portance wend none Staring at a leader at which a set piece is lighted ‘and which mot be long enough to reach from the evice when erected, to = convienent dgtence fronh the ‘ground to the operator can reach i the match mum load to every past of the piece. The matching of lance work ia fully described wader that heading. In the ease af act pices considting of tees, wheels ete. the gerb is Geet primed by ameating ‘litte priming on inside of choked end of case. A ‘sing is put on, consiaing of 2 or 3 tums of Bout paper rolled around end of case 0 as to projec 2 inches be- {youd end. About half an inch of the piping i temoved from a Tength of quickmatch. This ia bent back, inserted into the moving and secured by tying tightly with ewo Ill hitches. “The match ia now brought over tothe nest apgh sod ans at ght quan over ie AL inches frm point it i bent back agein onto ial and at point oi kn bend, ogame uh tar sos te ndePOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 208 PYROTECHNY next gerb, (Fig, 81 At the bottom of this bend the pip- often aipes and borders are added. Candles, rockets ing is ext of, bearing match, with a sharp. rile. end serpents, small mines and tangles are covered with this portion pushed into nosing of eecond gerb and secur- diferent colored pofter. Flower Pots are unuilly cover. ced by ying an before See (Fig 8). Candles, wheel cases ed seth calico paper while fancy rocket, large mines ‘de. ate Vented in the same manner, nm Aoral shells and. fountine are covered with peper, @ripes being added where desired. ‘The ge of cata an given here are for wee with candion and Tockets of the size shown in thia work. They ore unually 2B longer than the stile to be papered iit has to be matched at'one end and tucked in tthe other: I" longer z thse maiching only in done and the some length where nly the caee le covered wo in mines wt 1 ox Sky Rockets Rae Fig. 2 eae W a gerb bas been propesy pimed it ia not mecenary Pibof y, fron for the match to enter choke a Gre wil reach it from SDL ol whee gee Peiming: eer oss eras Wein a good plan to have the leader from which Tmt 6 ts exo of Fireworks is ignited to rum to each section of Dee Oe sme, irespetive of the fad that eid sedions are already ‘connected to one another in the process of matching it, fs tometimes « length of match will go out in the center 1 ball Roman Candles .@ of the pipe, owing to some defect mot obrerved in. mak peo rar ing it, Wis therefore Advinble to have the match joined Bron oe ae wherever it cronees, a for inftance, on top of lance anos ya to oe " axe a> ain wr os a meno Saar Ber ose wen of @ 28 gerbe te. are matched to a ecparate leader which may Brot ore Be feed by hand efter the lances are hall coneuimed, ot wo re hey may be connedted to several lances about hall way down 40 that when they have bured to this point the WRAPPING. balance will be Hghted ewtorasaly. Thin iv done ber ‘aur, lances burning se much Tonge than candles ot To make « good mest tight and rong bundle ie all are fed tt onen the gube ste would be about ae mptant end I may ty died ase crap ed elore the lances were well under way, while Sther pert of the Krewe bataes itv bem for the finem efca to come atthe end. Roman Candle from | 0 4 ball are packed 3 dozen PRIMING. in « bundle From 6 ball up, | dozen package. fe reo inne behing sei inhibin The palaces of) done unde into fore work all grb wheel cane lances ee are pried which four Sided and at sided, (Fie 9) Q) and (0) : consis of amensing « lithe moit gunpowder about the ° Sy xnaive snout of the cs or In facorien, where @ock or shelf goods are made thie in quite an imporant doparement All Kinds of fro: works are covered with some kind of colored paper andPOOR MARKS JAMES BOND Yo. 1 To make the four sided package of | dozen 8 ball candles lay 5 on the Bench in from of you so the candles tun paralel with the bench. Mark the «pace they cover tnd ft inte top of bench four woed pins sbout one inch ‘Of wthich profea above, two om each long side af the space occupied by i ‘same may be easily aid between ther, sheet of manila paper 19" long and 14" wide and ley his between the pins jute the ean laid before anc ce the fre candles, now on top paper be- Tice’ pe Onvish of thare Gea race four move tnd on top af them three. This makes twelve.” Draw the paper lightly over them and fold it hike a duggi makes n bundle. Now cose the ends ax follows: with iro Fingers press the top of the folded paper aver the end of thvee top. candles, then, holding same. down with both thumbs, fold in the two sides of package with the frat and second Singers of each hand at the same Smet then holding thene flde with the lft hand: lift the oppou end of the bundle with the right which will cause the Tomom 19 fold itself over the other folds. Now, with « brush dipped in thick pate give the end x dav on the lant fold and while the bundle is ail anding on this end fold the top end the seme way. Before folding the laa fold aive ita daub of pate as you did the other ‘nd Leen syaina the wall and place # paper weight or tile on top of end to hold it in place ntl dry. Al 1 quantity are packed like this and dried the labela are Mies To make the six sided bundle « peryon mutt fet lear to form the candles in the hand Count out one dozen candles and encitcle the bunch at one end with both hands. Now work them about (his hard to de ibe om pape) ntl they form « tiangular bunch (2) ‘with three candlee on eech side of the tangle. When Gia hen been accomplished, lay therm on the wrapping sheet (cat an described sboee, though preferably. wid holding’ them lighily so they tetuin che tangular form To get the paper around them without having ther to fallin a heap ie sill harder to describe end equally hard 12 mafler though easy enough when leamed.” Once the bundle has been gotten to the wrapping sheet ove hand ia eulficent to maintain ite form so with the ether hit the side of the sheet nearem you and bend it pardy around: the package #0 you can hold it while the other hand ie teleased lang enough to. enable it to take the paper on ‘hat side. Straighten and faiten it well om over the candles and begin rolling up the bundle unl the other edge of the paper is reached. Pafte this edge and lop it on the Sunde 'and you ae ready fr the camer‘ the bundle been propery made, when i lye ithe Ince athe tral he tome ma 2 candle; the second row. 3 the thied tow 4 and the bottom row 3: Now bend the paper down from the top fra, then bend in the two upper sides then the two 209 PYROTECHKY Tower sides and finaly, by lifting the bundle, from oppovite ‘nik, the bottom folds over all the ctbece. A lle pumte tecures it a8 described above. ‘The bundles of emallar candles are formed in « wood former, hollowed out to the size of w bundle of 3 wen (e) and when it i packed with the equced number they are secured with « sing perparetony to wrapping. ‘Shomt ick sky rocket are newly slwaye packed ia peper boxes. Long ticks are packed av follows: Cut tome pieces of #16 irom wire 6 inches long. Then take ball or a dozen rockel with the heads all even and work them in the hands until they form as equae = bundle t+ pouible and bead one of the pices of wire ‘around the, @icke juit below the matchen. This should Tbe done with one hand while the other holds the bundle in shape, Now pats another write around the @icke bout » foot from the bottom. Cat some pieces of Aram: Tbomd “at wide ne the bundle of rockets on the wide rides and long enough to 0 completely over the heads tind down the other side nearly to the matches Cut tome serepping paper six inches wider than the rocket heed bunch and long enovgh to go twice 1¢ the Far edge for about one inch and lay the bundle of rockets with the Arawboard around ity on the sheet fand wrap i wp 4 tghlly as possible. Fold inthe upper ‘end: secure wha litle patie tnd set aside, heads down Wards to dry. Later. the other end may be gathered And secured with another piece of wire. ‘Wheels, tourbillions ete. ate made into mom any kind of a package desired, while minen Fountaine ete. are fBven one or to lume of paper over the Gnishing to Keep them leas. Serpents, flower pots and torches me pecked like roman candle. Blse lghla the seme. Fancy rockets packed herds and aicke separately, the heads in bores For mom purposes annesled icon wire fom 18 guage to 20 guage ia the mom servicable, The easiett and guckea way to we it for wing rockets, tangles te. is to cut i im lengths of fom 4 to © according tothe tise of the work to be done. A large quantity can be feut at once by ting a bench shear and cutting several Thundred at one time, Rockets can be quite seculyfaat- hed with one wire if w GUM BOARD (Fig 10) i ured Else two wires wre necesury. A gum board ie made bby thing a plece of HW bourd 6 long and naling pleces fof rocket dick around it om Gee sides on top and one ide on the botom. Put into thie about !ot of dextine mined with water to the consistency of jelly and it i ready to commence witing.POOR MAN'S JAMES BOKD vol. 1 Figo 's' Puta pile of rockets and wire to your left aud bundle ef @icks and the gum board to your right Rub one fide of the end of a tick again the botiom. of the gum Yoard oa fitte gum will wdhere to it Lay it with the ‘fommed side ageing? dhe rocket about three quarter! of the way to the cone. Hold & in this way in the left hhand and with the right, bend a ire around it about the middle giving one tum on the side of tick. Now, wih a pair of nippere give about three more ture cut ting the wire with the laa tum. If ne gom le used two TYING. In doing exhibition work ing slays aot part and the beft and mom convienent Durpocee is the sulore two half hitches. (Fig. 11) ‘bast way in to pradice on a dick Pass ding under ‘ick bringing fee end over let of loop: bring it over tame again passing end agen to let of second loop but between vecond and fre. An ordinary te of the free swede now vecures It permanently. ‘This knot will be found invabuable in matching. LABELING. ‘This very seny operntion may be eill futher simpli fied if done in the right way. Take a board about « foot aquare. Smear it wall on top with thin page and lay label on it face down. Cover tla wall with paste sand ‘place ing end poi fon the beard. ‘This will soften them ‘up and pressed with the Sngere or ‘ting the bundle to be labeled B tual. picure of « building. monument ete or « line of letesing thie iv fut drawn on the Moor with» piece of chalk fixed into the end of Aick ao thar the designer 210 PYROTECHNY ray walk about aketching hie pi@ure from the misiature fet along. The floor i» fom laid of with chalk Ting into squares one foot each way a tmuliple of $0 nquare. feet five fect wide and 10 fect Tong. For infance, f = pide 10 feet high and 20 feet ona is desired it i compoted of 4 vedtions 5!x 10 ot jgh and two wide. 1 thetch i now taken and macked off with mule tand divider into 200 equal eguare, 10 high end 20 wide Comeaponding to the full sited aquares on the fot. There ro numbered along the edge of sketch on top and on ne tide. ‘The squares on the for are numbered in the ume wey. With the chalk: now draw into each square fon the foot, the vame Lines at eppesr in comeaponding Square of sketch When this i done, an exadi repro: Gecion of erall picture will be ready to be placed on ramen For letering or Fines of wording thie ia mot necessary ts devign can urvally be drawn dizealy onto the Soot ‘with fee hand of the desired size and without enlarge: PART Il ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE. MATCH. (Quick Match) ‘Thie in used for conveying fre to the cumbustible portion of pyictechnical devices and it diGiogsished from FUSE by the fact that ita afec ia aloft inftantancoue ‘while fuse burs at a comparatively very slow and cad rate Ie consi of colton wicking impregnated with gun powder and covered with a loote paper piping. Ae ale smoft every place of Greworke vequirea match for lighing it and lance work and exhibition pieces in general are tbealutely dependent on good match for thet succesful ‘operation it ie sential to maks this very necessary arile se reuly periect ne pomible. “There are several wart of ‘aking match which will be clausiéed as the “French Sytem” and the “Englih Sytem” and candle and rocketPOOR MAN'S BOND Yel. 1 ANE: shove the pound, one at each and of « dey shed tome 530 ost ong Wicking or coton cord of the proper tick tows can be secired already in ball, ax dened Now fet some coton cord of wicking not lane Ban 24 moh nd Taitan tho end to the mail naate the wall on one Sf ihe above piocos of It x 3% With the ball of cord teal ta the other end ofthe shed and drawing it ther yin, fasten it to the comerponding” nal in the ater Grip of To 3 by taking = few ture sound the na Leave the ball temporary at thie end of the fn Fight ox to keep it lean Jn an gute pan mi 3 tha. sifle powder horoughly with 4 ozs dextine and add water, airing with the fingers until all the grains are wet. Allow to Rand {ew minute until « small lump preted between the fingers {ccle perfcly smooth and contsine no more qian. Stir im some more water anda litle aleokal entl the mitre jm bout the consitency of mush Holding the pan in the left hand under the fede Jeogth of ord take up a handfal of the. powder mixture snd work it well inte the cotton while holding the pan ‘ae to catch the drippings, and walk. backwards to ther end of shed. When this ls reached go back to the Degining of the strand, take some of the powder in the right hand, page the cord over the fr8 joint of the Bre finger, place thumb on top of it and agein walk back- wwarde toward other end of shed but without work Sey more posedar into the cord, simply allowing it 12 run through the finger and thumb for the purpose of rubbing off rough uneven places and leaving « wmooth ‘well Boished surface Now take up the ball of cord again and. passing it round the thd or fourth mall to the right, reich « teeond length to the point of bezining, fasening it here false eeverl nae away from the fre rand. This ie for the purpose of not touching the finished atrand while ‘working the powder into. the second one. Proceed as ‘wih fies length and. whan fished move it to second tail, @retching i gh into place. Repeat with the Following rand until all the powder is ured wp. TE the weather is diy match will be ready for piping in dry climates gum arabic makes & dextrin the ale dextine 24 36, cot into on ak? fed rod, aut PYROTSCHKY iow match and one, which to the bea of the authors Iknowiedge ie erigina, la an fellows: Make 1 cup of bran, about 3* diameter, at ton, 2H bottom and 24" high us shown in accompanying sketch. & and wi brave it well into the powder mixture Into the pen place minture No. 2 proceeding as for No.1 however, should be thicker (about Like soft put). and if surgeons rubber gloves sre wom the hands wil tot be soiled. Be eure to keep the small exp alwaye fll English SystemPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 Make 4 light frame of wood lke the frame of = looking slate (Fg. 12), oix feet Jong and four fest wide taking care that every part of it ‘wet powder, « lithe of which should remain after the Cotton ia petted for the fea! ime and this may now be poured over the pile of wet wick, prewing ot Kneading round im appearance. It bums fercaly but will not and fas srvere wage as that previously described. tales takes Teager to make. Match made by siher of the two previous methods a toe eepensive for use with the cheap grade of nck >YROTECHNY feowerks on the market vo simpler method has bees devond for thie purpose, It in eetentally Like the laa described ‘proces Ito «small tub put» gallon of starch, well beled, tnd is ito about 5 tbe of a thoroughly mixed com 4 forced in through the opening in the tube Iadorien are in Simmeboro, Conn. TABLEAU FIRE. (tn eng clon the ptt cd ot lek diy ace bapa tts Gut sd hee ik bck edt while someone else light it. He should chen curr quickly. Trond ors onto und lok the gh td then ten Sony an. By ling Src me bungee he pe Seve tems be tonprly ccd so ara tee prin fi eer ones temas ao wel eee fom editor of tout 10 fest @ hee htPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 & 3 s tf HE EL ik EE 4 by £ r E £ “ Fy 4 6 1 6 fn the above color it should be our ia. mind that patie queen is very pompous and « hendkarchie should 1F i in died to make tableau free more bulky one + two parts of fine sawdust may be added to the above recipiea without materially afeding the U'the sawduse will not pase freely Gwough the sieve may be added after the other ingredient ace ailted and ried and rubbed in with the hands. 213 PYROTECHNY PINK FIRE. A ire somewhat cheaper than the above but infaior in color may be made as follows: Nive of Sconia 481618 Salpeter 2 4 oF Sulphur 3 2 2 Charcoal 41 # Red gum 302 Dextine % ‘This should not com over 7 cents per potind while the other formulas com about 98 cents per pound. A. pink lirht may alio be made by subfinuing Boe of chalk for arontia but more chlomts of potadh is requzed snd the amoke is reste. YELLOW FIRE, hare ever found anything beter o as good as this, therefore give only the one recipe. woot SMOKELESS TABLEAU FIRE. For theamical or indoor use colored free ate very on count of the choking amok they givePOOR MAN'S JANES BOND You, 1 Darya: ir until cold and dey on Sher or piece of cloth [a shouldbe observed that in all ising, the formalas cannot be considered ubeolua as the purty and general characte of chemicala difor oo. much that all mix ings mua be tevted and reguated to the exiting com ditions of material, climate ete. If tabloeu fre bums too slowly more potas or coal should be added. if too fut, ‘mote front, beryta ete. kn rocket, candle or gerb com: positon, waltpeter or meal powder will increase the com: bbudion while coal and sulphur will retard i. TORCHES. ‘These may be clsifed according to the puryore for which they are intended. Miltary torches have but one requirement which ie that they produce the maximum iluminaton ofthe deepoft hue of color desired. Av theve tre fully described in special works ined by the gover= sent and really form no past of commercial pyrotechnice it will be unnecenary to devote furher space to them there Railway torches ot fusees, on the other hand, the cheapest form of pink light as anything capable ing the attention of the engineer ie all that ‘uited. ‘They are usually 4° diarmeter and 6" to 12 trclusive of the handle a The following compositions are adequate: RAILWAY FUSEES Potassium perchlorate ‘Stroman nate Salipeter Salpbur Fine charcoal Red gun Dextrine Sewduat Porasium peechlorate Strontium nitrate meade rmoiften with Kerosene before ramming Funes ate provided with alip cap which in wed for igniting them. ‘The ond of the torch is eapped with paper onto which ie painted « misture of Potaas: chlorate 6 Aatimony wld 2 ‘Chae’ 1 ‘hile the end of the cap is similarly painted with «paste of Black oxid of manganese 8 Arebow phombenae” 19 PYRO! KY When the cap is pulled off and aruck agsing the end of the Faron it taker fie Hke « safty match, With some ‘comporitions it i necentary to have = litle @arting fre it top of torch jut under the capping. or priming under the cap which will wfc to cause enry igeition: (Fig. 13) Ss rig PARADE TORCHES Parade torches for campaign purpowss, where « cheap rade of fre wutices and where competion wines the manufacturers to produce the larged ticle at the wall: (08 price, one af the methods in to add 50K of Ene sew duft to the cx. Thie dows not greatly act the bur- ing of the torch and makes it look twice oa large at radically no extra cot. The following is « good formula RED. Niente aronte, Potaes chlorate Red gum Sawa way be added ad libitum. ‘urualy 3 diameter and 12° long and shot the above mixing. 8 to 10 minutes, RAMMING CAMPAIGN TORCHES. A very cheap method of ramming these torches ie to meiiten the comporiton with dilute dartine solution tuntl it ia damp enough to bold together when « hand fal io tightly aquecred. A dosen torch caset are ted in 1 bundle and premed into pile of damp composition on a.alab, Ie ia then moved to m clear part of the ada tnd joked fimly guina it by. Wing the bundle» few inches and janiag i downwards. More componison ie heken in from the top when the jarsing iw repeated and ‘hia continued until torches are ful when they are set svide to dry. By thin manner a dozen torches may be rammed in one minute. The handles may be atached bby « strip of gummed paper 2 inches wide, hall of which encircles the torch and the other, the end of the torch handle. The other end of torch in noved nd ramtched in the regular way, (Fig. 14). Fiste engPOOR MAN'S A better way of amming torches ia as follows: ‘Tie the caves in bundles of 12. Place on ramming Bock and inter’ spout of funnel (Fig. 15), into one of ampostion and, tsadying sume with the left hand, grasp the red fly with the right and raining i about wx inches, drive it with « fem @roke up and down at the composition rune into the ease. Continue this operation ‘nti came ia filed” When funnel i temoved the, space ‘eeupled by the apout will serve for inserting. the hendle which is done by aprlying to it litle gun oF lve. TORCHES for CARNIVAL PARADES. ‘These present the mot exaaing requirements and the following formulas are the reat of more then 30 year of experimenting during’ which some exceptional Imitings have been developed a1 well as some moh beaut ful eolora which, in modied orm. may be ured for box ‘tare in hella ee. Camival Parade Torches muft be of deep color. sive ‘maximum illumination, burn vlowly and clean, not be prohibitive in cof and give off ax litle emoke as pousible, ‘They should bar not late than 15 minutes with « length of about IW exclusive of handle and « diameter of ‘The standard formula of 40 youre ago wat: for RED. Nitrate Arona 16 Potaar:ehlornte 8 ‘Shalae, ’ however, tha lume somewhat froaly and is mather ox ensive A batter mixing be Nivate @rontia “4 Potane chlorate + Ground wephaltum gum 3 JAMES BOND Vol. 1 2 15, PYROTECENY ‘Swontum irate 0 Ptasium chlorate 8 Red eum, ™ ‘This will barn 17 rinutea ia en 16° torch. The lates formula, giving exceptional results ‘Swontiom itvate Potasium perchlorate Sulphur, round Red gun “This gives « fine colo, bums clean and is inexpensive. GREEN PARADE TORCHES Barium chlorate 5 ” 4 Potasium chlorate " KD gun 6 wre 8 Sal ammsoniae 1 °K D. and Red gum are supplied by New York dealers in pyrotechnical supplies. BLUE PARADE TORCHES Potasssm perchlorate 5 mom Paria green 2 CCopper-ammonium sulphate 6 Copperammoniam chloride 6 Destine ' Caloenal ' Sager of mill 2 Sulphur 9 Seearine Fy ‘Aaphalturn 1 PURPLE PARADE TORCHES ‘Stcontium nitrate 7 Potassium perchlorate 9 Black oxid of copper 6 Calomel 3 Sulphur 5 AMBER PARADE TORCHES Seontium nisate 6POOR MAN'S JAMES BOND vol. Sodium oxalate Shellac Sulphur Potassium perehloret X The lam to torches ace exceptionally beastfil and have been uted very eflecively in canival paraden Great care mut be obverved in mizing compounds containing sodium oxalate, that all the ingredient wee perfoaly deve tnd itis bett ina damp climate, to mix only on a clear ay. for the reaton that the leat moitize ie Table to oxalate to decompose. forming sodium nivate ‘or chloride which i ill more daliquescent than the oxalte and the work ia soon vo wet that ie wil nat bur, Even when mined in dey weather it should be proteded from dampness by perained wrapping or otherwise, Ip cog the pepe for» 15 int pade srk 16 dae nd 1B ng et 35s aS Ne ek te wil owls he rom 18a lap nk teen Ta." wl ee fu cone et ed (eis move er bung Poting oar ig 3 ot 4 inches will be suficient. ot Capping and Matching Parade Torches. ‘A ood method of doing this ie as follows: Gut some cottan doth into icons about 2 inches square. Cover them with pamte and ‘bend them securely over the tpt of the torcher ws shown in sketch (Fig: 16s), Whee they have died punch hole about | inch deep thowgh the cloth and into the top of torch, with am ew) about 1H" diameter, into which insert the match: "Then make Pe te, rome shin priming of wunpowde gm eter and © Bite Tcabel Place this nw uit oom wa «ree cpering ini epost and sling Frequently to provers hom separating, rete out a op or tre at he polat Shere the rnch ew top af torch I Boni propery done i wl secure the mutch in placa and cate the torch to nie rely ALUMINUM TORCHES. “This bent paca of prrotechay wan Go introcnd in pared Up the aor, wi susasoal raul sbout 35 Gear age. “A row of 12 man was placed ot oe head of the fine of march and vith these all burning 216 Juminum torches simultaneously there was produced the lea of an oncoming avalanche of fen. For this torch case Mf diameter and 16 long is used with « round ‘wooden handle 6 loog. They are rammed and matched much as other parade torches and good formula ix Pouasium perchlorate f Fine alumina powder Flake aluminum Dextrine er Keopodium ‘A benutful modification of thie ia the RED and ALUMINUM TORCH. ‘Thete shoud be 3 diameter 18* long and of the {cllowing. composition ‘Strontium trate 3 Potassam perchlorate Shalee Coarte fake aluminum Lycopodium smother formula jet Strontium aitate 8 Sulphur 3 ‘Mised abinam 3 Below saming. thi for should be moitened wih ‘soliton of | part salle in 5 par of lecbel und ne pert ofthis eouion used to every 36 pare of cone Posdon. Ae Wis mitre is somewhat diffe to gata Fie necomery to scoop out line om the top of torch ted tenlace i wilh daring fee as shows in Gra. 7) Rub the vascline into the barium irate: mix sulphur fond alumina separately: chen mix widh barium riteatePoCR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 and vaseline, 1 A fasting See for thin alo ia required, Basin nitrate 4 Salpeter 3 Sulphur 1 Shellac ' PORT FIRES. Thete are small torches 3° diameter 12! long, wed fn exhibitions for lighting other pieces of fireworks, They ‘te-tammed with rod and funnel sede good mising it Meal powder 1 Sulphur 2 4 Selipter 58 Charcoal 1 Ship Lights and Distress Signals. “BENGOLAS” Another form of torch ia the Bengols or Bise wed moaly by shi oF Mout paper case wt ech Companon and Hr day balance being the socket into which the Fat should be of good rong paper secured around the match with twine andthe matth should be piped. where it paneer twongh the noring. “The finished Light should then be painted with melted paraGine 20 as to protec i sain the dampness of the ea alr. This ie an average formule: Salpeter a Sulphur 2 Antimony sulfa ' he same exept that shy burn red. The regulation Life - aa Potase: chlorate 5 Seontium carbonate a Shellac 1 Dentine 4 TOY BLUE LIGHTS. ‘Those are linle lights 4 diameter and @ long made au PYROTECHNY by roling a light cases» for lances. Cat the paper 2! x 6, the 6 way running with the grain of the paper. ‘One’ end should be closed ae for lances. Bunch about 200 into a bundle with string, all the epen ends being ‘wppermant when the bundle ia ood on end Now make the fllewing composition Seltpeter 5 Sulphur 2 Antimony sul i acaba tomar iad ce oo «lee shat of ‘paper previously spread on a fem ttle.” Sat the ca Tie igh cnc long af the compost fon the paper, with the open ends up end pour « han fal of composition on top of them Shake the bundle su to make composition fall into the canes aa rauch a2 posible and repeat several nen Now with both hands ‘rine the bundle of parly filled lights and bring it down jw the table with © good blow. Repeat thie seven Aimee tnd then agein the fst operation of Billing them and pounding ‘hem on the table wnil all are well flled ‘when the code may be tucked i with « dell awl, ROMAN CANDLES. ‘These are probably the mot popular piace of fre- works made, from 1 sales point of view, Up to some Years ago they were made entirely by hand, that ‘ime. Then « combination remmer taking « me was devised And later the Candle Machine handles six dosen wos perleded. To make roman ‘andes by hand, sll the eases at deucibed and have ‘lot of tare of diferent color ready. Then make some candle composition as follows: ROMAN CANDLE COMPOSITION Powdered salpeter Be Fine powdered charcoal Flowers of alphur 6c Destine 1s Water 1 allen ‘Afterall the ingredients are well mixed and sited three times add the water and mix again until the whole lee ia evenly dampened. Then fores through 16 mesh sieve into doth bottomed ways end dey im the oun. Ned coll tome ttPOOR MAN'S JAMES EOND vol. 1 Now provide + ramming outit a1 shown in (Fia.19) onsiting of « pio block (b) a saramer (a compos! tion scoop (Cl, a clay scoop (d) and » gunpowder scoop (O. The various parts mua, of coarse, be propodioned to the we of candle itis intended to make. Sey you. will begin with am 8 ball The pin of pin block mutt taptet « Pia pee ‘eandle cate which aleo ie W, The clay seoop shoud hold a level teaapoce fll of dag, th compenon scoop, 8 heaping deer spoon: Tate he gunpowder scoop shoe beri acer sn H® deep.‘ may Be made from 4.22 cal we shal, i ig blows of a Light mallet Remove ramer and our in tnether snap of gunpowder repeating Remove candle and nish as described under that head Hand Combination Candle Rammer. 218 PYROTECHNY ‘Thia conse of an ion pin plate (e) funnel plate, fron (9, a wooden guide board (d), three wooden thi ing boarda, viz day board (6), @ar board (b), and com- postion board (4) ne well as a gun-powder bax (Fig. 23 and 24) and rammer (2). “The condtrudion of shiking ‘boards can be readily undertiood from detail sketch (Fig 21). The pine shown in upper plates should be under (tood as being in lower platen Ocherwine slot would ‘become clogged with composition while in use The holes in upper board are of size to contain ju wuficieat composiion clay etc. for one charge (A), ‘Thia board slides « didance of aboot ¥" contolled by in (CD). When upper hoard is pushed back the baler fre filled and when ready to discharge it is drawn for- ‘ward 40 the holes are in line with the holes in lower fed board when the content fala through funnel candle being rammed, (8). The gunpowder bes ie descnb- fed under "Candle Ramming Machine” ao itis unnecessary to repeat ity confrudion. Reis of course smaller than ‘he one for Inge machine and made of size t comcapond to pin plate ots, Finally there ithe rammer (Fie. 21). G) conning of eight teal rode with compresion springs ited through « wooden handle bar as-shown, with de- tall of whole at (H. ‘This apparatus is used for ramming one to four ball candles and can alo be used for expen end saucisont Place pin plate on some solid wood block or concrete ‘base: place’ guide board over pins oo that the holes en circle the pine faidly; sip « candle care on each pin: place funnel plate om top of sasembly and raise guide board 10 a1 to make cases center nicely. Now, fill elay board, composition board and aar boardPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 Place clay board over funnel plate ao holes ate in line ‘candles, With raamer give 10 t0 15 @rong blows through each row of hole Put on gur- powder box and draw plate until a charge entere candles ‘Then tke tar board lace as was done with clay board and shift. See that all ams have entered candles a Put on composition board. When tht hes been diecharg- fed give about Bto 10 blows with the rammer, not Fad as for the clay. Now give another chuge tumpowder. another board of @are and a second charge St candle composition GF mote than 1 all candles) and Fepent ntl desired number of are have been awed CANDLE RAMMING MACHINE. A ut Tye mnmioe mashing heh ane wer de jn Cincnnal and is used pineipally for rsming ‘omen sardae from 6 ball to 98 ball bet op thee funce rocket maybe rammed sold with i and the Kolow ‘enter of socket made by diving « wind ime i wherwatde av will be explained leer Flower” pou tray ako be tumined with thin aching andthe Wet Mae adapted ito making cannon ec at the toe of 72 at a tine However, veil nan of tammere of ifeen enghn and thicknam ate tequed forte dior cnt azen of candle. ‘The frame is of caf iron about 7 fet high the up 219 PyRe CHNY, tight siden are 1K! thick with a V edee_on inet sides ‘upon which the head block (A) aliden The rammer ae sembly is fastened to head block by @ud bola The tide board (C) ia made of 4° lumber and serves 10 keep the rammers propetly is line. This board is loove enough 10 slip up and down on the rammers while machine in in use, The pin plate (D) reds on baie of machine and is aid into place from in front and eitined Dy short ope in the rear. Several of these plates also required, coreaponding with the sammer sasemblin above. The pavel (E) bolde the sammere up while the attices to be rammed are arranged below. When all isin place and the ft charge of lay (in the tee of roman candles) ia in the execs an attendent pula the ope attached to head block, which serves to diseogeae the pawl ‘The rammere are now lowered lowly ual they” enter the funnel plate. The rope is released and fas the cammer head fall it rae the clay in the bottom ‘of the cates. From 5 to 15 blows are usually requiced to carn each charge IK composition becomes vo dy that it will nt pack Smly it should be dampened with « very litle water ‘The dare should be hard and dey and fre from far un which can be sifted out by shaking stare in a coarse sieve, The floor of mmming room also should be kept free from all accumulated composition ete. to guard a (Genk aceldenw from frietion of the shoes or otherwine Ik should hee be noted that when cutting the paper for machine rammed roman candles, a thin V shaped slip should be est form one end (@) of a abet at wide reare the opentor when being rolled. “The objed of thie it to foom e somewhat fannel shaped end to cave ‘which matenally sects iis ecey ramming. Thin end ‘mutt, of couse, be uppetmott when cate le in machine. 8) Fa. 16. ‘The funnel plate in made of caf iron one inch thick fand the other dimensions being the sama as head of ftameet ascembly. I in drilled with 72 holes ia 6 rows of IZ each conseponding with the inside of the diameter ‘of the candles 49 be rammed and apaced eeme ar the od in tammer heed. These holes are countewunk on ter bored somewhat larger than the cutide of the candles to be rarsmed, which alip ine te these tecesun and thus are held in place while machine is being opened.POOR MAN'S JAMES BOKD Yo1. 1 ‘This fannel plate is wopported inthe ramming machi bby an adjumtable frame tached to sides of machin which permits it 19 be moved up and down as required to ft the various lengthe of cases to be rammed. This Fran lo not shown tn chavring of roachine: POWDER BOX. ‘The powder box (Fig. 33 & 24) is made of brass 3116 thick and ite con@rsction will be readily underttood ‘om sketch, The bottom consis of three bras, plates, each "thick, deiled with 3116" holes spaced st same Gitance ae those in funnel plate. The holes im upoet ‘and middle plates are 1<° nearer the rear of the box then the holes in the Bottom plate. The upper asd lower plates are xed but the middle plate moves forward sod Backward 41. When it in pushed back the holes in it sand the top plate are in line, 10 when the box ie charged ‘With rife powder the holes ia middle pate become filed. ‘When the center plate in drawn forward the holes in it tnd these in the bottom plate coms into line and the line poveder charge in each hole fallout into the roman candle below it Detail at (Fig. 24) (0). To facilitate the une of thie box it ia placed on the adjutable atand (Fig. 25) whereon it can be rained 1 the desired height for the work in hand. This and w made of light imber and preferably on rolere vo it may bbe moved into postion and out of the way, e+ desved between charger, ‘The shiking boards follow the same principle ss unrated in hand tamming machine relative o arrange: iment of holes ele but are of a ine. to ft other parts of big machine. Boards of difeent thickness snuft be provided 49 a4 to hold the reaviced amount of compo tom fr the diferent sizen of candles rammed. ‘The holes ‘tar board should $e slightly larg to permit them to fall through asly when in uae: ‘The sare for roman candles should be somewhat longer than their diameter a0 this maker them easier to fall ine te place when filling « shift board. 220 PYROTECHNY To fill there boards, « scoop of composition or # handful pf are ia. thrown on top of it the board is shaken untl the holes are evenly filed and the surplus sllowed 10 slide off into the composition or ar tray. By wing boye to Keep the ext pin plates and shiting bode filled ae quickly as peeded, and other t temove the loaded candles, « very large umber of them can be loaded in a day, by one michina A pin plate of candle cases is slipped on tothe bage of the racking the Funnel late ie lowered on top of it the guide bourd ia eased. causing the ende of cases to enter the Funsel plate which ia fattened in place by eet screws or thumb bole on sides of fame. The rammer head is allowed to decend ‘uffcintly to ate that all i clear. Tele drawn back up into place and a shifting board of clay slipped over and ‘ta contents discharged into the candles, «wight jar be- ing given to amare all holes of having emptied The ramet heed ie new dropped some 10. or 12 times clay. und withdsawn to its original postion. The powder bor ls now alid acrou funnel board and by pall ing handle of cemer plate » charge of gunpowder enters the candles. Alter removing powder bor a board of ars ia shifted inte the funnel plate. Care muft now be wed to toe that all @are have slipped ‘hough funnel. plate into candles.” Now a board of composition is dlcharged the tame way tnd the whele rammed with about 8 to 10 blows. ‘This operation is tepested as olten ax the sie cf eandle requires, When laa charge of componiion hee been rammed the pin plate of candles is removed un loaded and reilled with empty eases while another pin Plate of empty caver har been slipped into ite place in ‘machine BATTERIES. Avery fleaive piece of feeworks (Fig. 26) euily the candles to be wed and Sling it with about three dozan 8 ball o' 10 ball roman candles, "The spac shove the candles in the box isto be flled with « few tempa of maich. one pices allowed to hang over the side tnd a piece of eardbourd mailed over for « top. BOMBETTE FOUNTAINS. ‘These ate an sfecive combination of candles and ‘oral shells packed in a large box as shown in (Fig 27).POOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vo1. 1 All ave lighted at once by serape of match in the top, ‘but the floral sella are matched 10 at to Gre altemately, ne ata Gime as shown, during the burning of the candles. Another interefting we for roman candles is in the 1 called union battery (Fig. 28) which consisted originally cof one battery each of candles containing white rd and however, now weed efectvely with candles of varigated aa BENGOLA BATTERY. Fireworks displays ae often farted with a row of ‘vealed lights or bengolae set about 25 feet apart in Front of the net piecen. When these are eupported by fan of candles o duced, The bengalee have burned half way. the candles or gerbe are lighted. ie 29) SKY ROCKETS. Next to roman candles, these ate perhaps the mot popalar article of the pycotechnical erat and. on good Itthority, acer to have antedated the candle. So much hee been writen about sky rockets that any general descrition would be auperfcous. The French, in partiee es, have left « mom deuiled hitory, vrmetimes axvoting in view of present day conditions, regarding ity mano: freee ‘Sulfice to aay that the rocket contin of « tbe of peper rammed with stitable composition, it lower end. 21 PYROTECENY choked to about one third the diameter of ite bore and 1 hollow center extending upward though the compos Gon to about % Inch of the top. A ick attached to the tobe serves to belance it while ascending, Broadly the composition of w rocket, that ie the portion of it hich bore while it ia mcending, should be seven times ite diameter, in length. Six seventhe in pierced through the center while one seventh in solid and. acs as the fuse to communicate the fre tothe heading when rocket reaches the highe® point ofits fight. ‘The tube iv made ‘of rood atrona paper. prefeably three ture of hardware fon the inside with four or move tums of good raw: Doued on the outaide, but a good rocket cave can be unde of heery tug. or building paper if propery rolled swith good paite. Choking the cave and raring in mold ‘An average model for a 1 Ib rocket ia given in (Fie, 30) with « comeaponding set of ramming tools (Fig. 31) "The epindle ia one half acl aixe while th ecsing tools are one thd adzal vine Good rockets should be uniform, all thote of one caliber ascending to approtimately the same height andPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 exploding at about the same time. Parsicuacly ia this desirable in bouquets or Bight of 100 of move fred smal tuncovely, eae « araggling efec in produced. I" 1B Ret Rerming Ted Faken Vit"? te ea. tf coo wf See ant Ths tg rammer ie quite ficient and one man can get out a large mumber of rockem ins day with it A. showe the spindle block; B in the gulde board for asia. to get the ends of cates inte funnel piece C.D shows a set of rammers while E le the ast of scoops fer charging the ‘entre tix cases at once. It ia enaly made by euting brass shotgun shlls jm half and solde ing them to ease rod as shown. Detaileof anne piece and hollow pia ramme sed in eeting top clay chares wwe shows at F and G respeaively. 1 ont 3 on rocket are mammed solid on the candle ‘machine o¢ otherwise and the hllow canter ie made by diving a ae opine into thers afterwards These mut Ihive their lower ends choked as expleined on pee 4 ‘An ficient way of doing this io to get a monising machine and replace the chisel with the spindle as above AV shaped block in set on table of machine, in such 1 positon that when a rocket ia placed on it it will be in jun the right positon fer the apindle to enter A {tcp on the pedal of mortning machine will force the dpindle into the rocket and make the necessary hollow To ram rockets from 4 to & oz singly the cave ie ‘heading. hellow tube just pierces the chy. If it doce not go hough, the heading will fail to fee if it gooe through Tar, heading will fre prematurely or rocket is Hable ‘The following are good compositions for rockets of diferent see Vie3ox, 40 8or 1t03Th 400 Bib, Salpeter "18 16 16 18 Mixed coal 10 9 2 2 Selphur 3 4 3 3 rockets bur nd more coak if they ascend too slowly ‘add more salipete. For the smaller sites te Bae coal {or the larger ones wee cosrer coal in proportion to thet iameters 4 Th. to 6 Tb, rorkets tse granulated slicer. All rockets larger than 3 oz. ate provided with « ‘cone to contain the heading. Theve are made es follow SKY ROCKET CONES ‘Turn out & cone former on the lathe, of & shape somewhat as shown in Fig. 33. Cat some if paper to the shape of one third of cicle, the vadion of which for a1 Mh rocket should be 3 inches, Lay it om the tabla beloce you with the round side toward the right = Figs Pate the aright edge fanhea from you and place the former on it with the point towaed the left and about 1H from the point on the paper wheng the two Arsight ‘edges mest. Now roll 8 around the former commencing TLE Sete ee “Whe tie 5 fer HEADING ROCKETSPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 Prepare a board with holes through it about 1%" in ameter and aed from the table about 3 as shown in Fig. 34, Place in theve holes a number of the cones, point'down, and sil them about hall fall of tar gold ‘in cle. Also = itle meal powder snd charcoal or candle tod ick it into one of these cones. Raise carefully ut of the hole and press cone avenly ia place. The rocket ‘may now be wired to. mick and ie ready for usc. In the cate of shelf goods the racket are of courne pepered cd muiched before ataching cones. SHORT STICK ROCKETS. ‘These are the same as long aicks except that a fick nly 46 the regular length ie sed, on the batiom of which ‘wing of tb of cardboard is atached (Fig. 354). Cat 4 flece about 3 long, IM? wide at one cod and i¥ ‘we os he osha Stuaar'a lle dering om ove end Fig 950. of fick, place the tab on i large end down and drive #2 oz. tack through it im the middle. When dhy it iv vendy for wie. These sockets are much easier to cary ‘owt bot vequite more care in firing to eet them farted aighe The one iluarated at right (Fig. 35a) has no. aick all only four wings, upon che ends of which it ree when lighted When the bottoms of Beata rammere become sworn from use. they may be reconditioned by battering them smal Shey are again full sted on the. ends. ‘There are a great many of so called fancy rockets im which the heading is net confined to « simple burt, PYROTECH ‘of are tc. but is eupplemented by many other beaut fal cede, sore of which will be described here while the ingemaity of the pyrotechaiat mutt be relied on for other WILLOW TREE ROCKETS. ‘These are made by filing « large rocket head with cece of Japanese Star and a weak burting chares. If the burting is too @rong many pieces will fail to hight Prize Cometic, or Shooting Star Rockets. ‘Thene are prepared by placing 4 or 5 four ounce sockets, without Aicks, in the Head of 6'Ib. rocket be- sides = handful of box am. A few 1 fare are alc placed in the top of each of the 4 or. rockets with « inch of grin powder, and well capped. GOLDEN CLOUD ROCKETS, For these the rocket head is fled half fll each of told rain and aluminum @ar. The weight of the cor tents of = rocket head mud be proporioned to the size Of therocket. A heading of heavy fare muft be wnaller than one of lighter material BOOM ROCKETS. Have one or more emall maroons in the head be- idea t few ae, ELECTRIC SHOWER ROCKETS. Made by filling = small head with clectic spreader for granite fan. As theve are very heavy only «email ‘quantity ean be used, BOMBSHELL ROCKETS, ‘These have a small shell with very short fuse fat ‘ened to top af racket, with a few dar in the head of the rocker itll, which bur before the shell burt. WHISTLING or CALLIOPE ROCKETS. ‘The head of this rocket is filed with whites, made sat described under that caption. In addon, «few colored Gare ate added, LIQUID FIRE ROCKETS. These ate one of the mont beastfal pyrotechnical ‘efeca known to the art Take «3 Tb. rocket and fll the space above the clay with: grain power. Cover thin with a circular piece of pecfonted paper secured by «POOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 ‘rip of tissue paper. Roll on a head of about three tums of rong manilla paper, only pasted on the edge, about 6 long. Now procure some @icke of phosphorus and ccut them under water with « chisel into pieces about }1 long. Get vome ¥ Ib. tin cana, punch number of holes in the bottoms of them and Gill with the pieces of phos- phorus, condudting the entire operation under water. When, ready to fire the rockets remove one of the cans from the water, allow to drain for «few seconds, empty con- tente into one of the rocket heads tuck in and fire at once. Great caution mud be observed owing to the dan- gerous nature of the phosphorus PARACHUTE ROCKETS. To successfully launch a parachute from a shell or rocket requires the greates care and skill, besides patient attention to every detail or the light fabric will ether fail te unfold or be torn or bumed in its exit from the tube in which it is placed. To begin with procure some very light Japanese tissue paper, cut into spuares about 18 inches each way and rub thoroughly with powdered soap. fone* Cut four pieces of stout linen twine or shoe- makers thread about 18 long. Twit the comers of the tissue squares a litte and tie a thread to each. Draw the other four ends of threads together and tie them in a knot. The parachute is now ready to fold. In one hand take the knot where the four @rings meet and in the other take the top of the parachute by the center, Draw the hands apart until the paper folds together and Iny on the table in front of you. Saighten out the four folda, two each way, and fold them again laterally toward “Ready made parachutes may now be purchased from @ock, the center about five or six times like the bellows of an accordeon uatil the pile ia about | inch wide, Now roll this up lightly beginning at the small end or tip until you come to the arings, then wind the four dings lightly, around the bundled parachute until it will jus about ft the rocket head for whieh it is intended. For making the light ram a short case %* diameter and I" long with box @ar cortposition, Prime one end fand Mop the other with clay. Over clayed end glue a ‘cardboard dise alightly smaller than inside diameter of rocket head, having fr passed a wire through the case under the dise so a to form a loop on exposed size as shown, (Fig. 35). Pass about 16 inches of @out linen Fig.as twine through the wire loop and tie the other end to 224 PYROTECHNY the knot on the parachute where the four fringe come together, Roll a piece of naked match about 18 long. into a bunch and place it in the bottom of the rocket head for a blowing charge. On top of this diop the ‘over it place « le cotton hulla or bran. Now slip in the parachute around which the @rings hhave been lightly wound. Fill all around parachute with bbran and secure the top of rocket head very lightly 10 the parachute will be thrown out when discharged, with the least possible effort CHAIN ROCKETS, (Caterpilars). If you have succeeded with parachute rockets you may now attempt this modification of the above which is infinitely more difficult but their great beauty compend tea for the trouble required in their preparation. A pare- te several times larger than the firt described is made in subfantally the same manner but preferably oAagonal with the separate pieces sewed together. Inftead of one light, a dozen or 40 of diflerent colored lights are attached to it This ia called the chain and to launch it success {ally from either rocket or shell ia about as dificult a proposition as the pyrotechnitt is called upon to execute. For the lights composing the chain ordinary lances may be used To a 4 Ib. rocket take 12. Procue a rong linen twine about 18 feet long. To this attach the lances at intervala of abgut 134 feet, by taking two half hitches around the bottom ends, (\t is best to make special lancee for this purpose, filing the first # inch at the bottoms with clay). When all are fattened, tie one tend of chain to parachute and at the other begin to wind up the alack between the lances. Wind each lance with the alack between it and the nest one to it, winding as smoothly av possible without lapping the twine anywhere. ‘As each one ia wound lay it againf the other one before it until the 12 are in a round bundle. Then take a few tums around the entire bunch on upper end, 20 as to hold it together. At the bottom end of bunch take two turhe of light cord not more than % inch from the end. ‘This ia to hold the lot together until the lights all take fire when this cord burns off and chain unwinds in the tir. A cardboard wad fiting easily in the rocket head nd with a hole through ite center ia placed on top of primed ends of the bunch of lances and « piece of match passed through the hole in same so as to touch them. This may be fattened in place with « small tack or two, Now prepare the rocket head for the reception of the chain, as direded for parachute rockets, by placing about 2 feet of naked match in bottom of head for the blow- ing charge. Slip the bunch of lances on top of this with‘002 MANS JAMES BOND Vol. 1 ‘acother paper diac, through which line rune, over it Put (na good wed of cotton watt, then the parachute care fully folded ex described and pack. with bran. Now cap the rocker head as Highly porible and ial directions have been carefully followed, the chain will be likely to ome out successfully, A few tials, however, are gene tually necewary. Sometimes four light ticks are iaueed In rocker head alongride of the parachute the lower ends telling om » Mout wed under the bunch of laneat and the other ends againa top dise over parachote. This ie thee prehte from beng injured wide ete expelled by Blowing charge. BOUQUET or FLIGHT of ROCKETS. ‘These are made hy fring = handed or more rockets st once fom w apecilly prepared box. Take theee boards of 16 Tumber, 12" wide and 4 feet long: clamp neo of them together and with a 3 bit bore 5 rows of holes 2 inches pact and beginning 2 inches from the sides tnd ends, This will make 100 holes though the boatde (BL Now make 1 bor, the botion of which ie made of fone of the bourde with holee through it ax abcwn in Fa. 36) (AD Anach four lags to the bon. about 444 feet long. At 136 fect fora the betta secure the other board with the holes in it (8) ao that « rocket pasted through a hole in the box’ bottom may be @eadied by pesing through comeeponding hele in lower one. Fit the {hird Eoard (©) in he logs alto, about 6 inches fom the ‘round to make a reaing place for the rocket aicke and fo as to hold the botoms of the rockeu in box, about ‘One inch above bottom bead (A) af box. This ia to permit the fre te reach all the rockets intently when abe i ebted. Flight rockets used this way need not be matched: only primed and « litle loose grain powder thrown on bottom inside of box and a piece of match pemed through hole im side to fre it from all that fe roqueed. IE 225 required Some pyre: technige make fighte by fringing rockets in row on ans provided with nalato hold thers apart bur the afec, fn much infeer.- ROCKET STAND. ‘The best method of ting sky sockets ia from x ‘wooden tough conttruded of two light boerda, Mt thick, Paar wide and 6 long. ‘These are aaled toguer 40 a8 to ‘2 guar and supported by two lage Ifthe boarde ° the oud ray bop folded and easly carried about TOURBILLIONS. (Geysers, Whirlwinds, Table Rockets) ‘This is modification of the sky rocket and ascend Both ends of the cane are Gopped tight with clay. Four holes ae bored in it i diameter. Two are bored inte the bottom, 3 apart or 1s" each way from the center tind one hole on exch side, I" from eed end oppoui to eech other ee shown in akatch (Fig. 38). A piece ce Fate ‘curved dick, an long as the cate is nailed tothe botom of ‘ana, concave ede down exnaly in the center and at ightMAN'S AMES BOND You, 1 tangles with same. The holes are primed and while all wet ‘vie matched by taking « piece of quick match to one of the borcm holes, passing it to the menret end ola then er the top to the olher end hole and Goally to the ‘ther bettom hole. A amall hole ie now made in the imatch pipe ms it passe over tho top of cane. fu in the center into which shor piece of naked mateb ie lip. ped for lighting. To fro « teubilion it should be: Ind fon wide hoard or amooth euface ick down and lighted with « Toog porire. Seal tourbiliens ae sometimes made by being only two holes in the under side of ease at an angle of 45" from the perpendicular, but those with four holes, eepecially in the lnger izes are anfer and more Uely to Function ‘They may ‘alia be matched by sing naked ‘match all around and afterwards covering the whole toubilion with ‘inte paper pasted and pretsed dovely to same, Large ‘owhillione fe sometimes further benutied by placing = few mare in the ends of the cate, oatide of the cay, boring a amall hole through same and sectsing ever tom with ‘rong paper and.» wed. A litle meal powder fy Dut in with the fare and when the tourillon reaches Ite height. thete are Uhrown out with fine flea. FLYING PIGEONS. ‘Tria amusing piece of Ereworks in eaily made in ite simples form by securing two rockets with their open ings pointing in opposite dinedionn fo an empty eave 4s shown in Fig. 39 (2). The rear end of one is connected ~ front of the other. A place rw la tuetched between two 00 feet apart One end 3 i 8 i E £ A snore elaborate form ef pigeon (b) is made by procising & frame as shown. This conse of a vericel wheel frame with « heavy sloted hub, A row of 4 ‘wheel cates are fattened to the rim and four | Ib. rockets are aecured to the long lots in hub, two pointing each, way. The pigeon farts with one of the wheel cases, the rear end'of which iy connetted to ane of the rockets ‘This im tum is matched to the second whecl case end that to the nest rocket, pointing in the opposite dedion, 226 FYROTECHNY fom to the lat rcket, English Cracker or Grasshopper. (Cut some good 26h. 24" x 36" manila or holt paper ino ipa 4 wide and 12" long. If eat with the eran of the paper at it should be thin will give 18 cut from ‘one sheet. Roll them into short tea at decid for match pipes, geting the opening at one end, somewhat Tanger then that at the other. This may be dene by rol. ‘2 V shaped ip of paper on one end of rod. When eouanity of these tubes have Geen rolled elote the stmallea cad by twiting ot folding it over” Dry them fn the shade and put about 12 doven in a bundle all he open ends one, way. Stand the bundle on a. large sheet of paper with the open ends wp acd pour FFE ‘fle powedar on top of it una all the tubes ave fall Jolt Tbundl cecasinally to be sure none ace onby partly fie ‘Then draw them out closing the top ont ve you dd the bonom and wrap them all in wat towel, seeing side n'a damp ‘ool place for several hows. A good omg cloth, wt & wel apread the loaded they should be moutened ‘ough but not wet belore proceeding futher, Whes this condition has been reached (on which the whole success of the operation depends) run them though «cloth ‘wringer or other roller so that they will be somew flatened. The exact amount of fattening can only be found by experiment, Now take a piece of wood, may (* thick and 4 wide bby 16" long. Notch out piece at shown in Fig 40 er wide and deep and procure a doven pieces of Sif wire 4 long. Lay the lower ends of a hall dozen of the damp pipes ations the botom of the notched ce_— BS board which hat been fattened in am upright posiion to bench On top of these and againd one side of the Dbourd lay « wie and bend jhe pipes arom over i ntl they naw atin the oppose don. Lay ancther wire at before but on oppose side and repent the per sion until the etre length of the pipes have been Folded 'p, Them take w bar of wood shaped as shown im sketch id holding one end in each hand press the folded pipes lown 4 hard as pouible so as to have the tame, well formed, Now lift out the folded bunch, wire end all Remove wires fold bended pipes, one by one io the2GOR MAN'S JAMES BOND ol. 1 hand and with linen shoemabers theead secute them by cvimpping half « dozen tore around the folded pipe and nally: pase a few ture between the folds. Siri off one erg no the powder ia exposed and prime i with « hile wet powder or mutch itor the end may be twided up [ih ouch paper made by coating Wnglazed: paper with sohation of slipeer, before folding. When dry crackers fre fried. ln this country » eruder form of cracker is made by stable lengths of covered match, damping and folding it like the cracker described, ting and lnaving A thort piece of match protruding for lighting PIN WHEELS. For king thete proceed juat ae described for Enaioh Giackere except using the following composition infead of gunpowder for loeding theme Meal powder Fine grain powder ‘Alamninom Salpeter ‘Steel flings Sulphur Charcoal ‘When they are dampened and rolled ou 4 lot of teund pisces of #60 aramboard, with » hole ‘ough ther center, Then get » piece of bran, the mane size an the cardboard centem and fasten it to the work {able Lay one of the centers on thi brave plate and taking @ flled pinwheel tube pret the emule Bat end ageing ita edge and oviting i around dive with the Fight hand while left hand feede de tube ar itis being wound on, continue untl all the tube i slled around ‘he center. ‘The brase plate should be hall a thick ae ‘he inithed pin wheel ve the cardboard canter will be held jut about in the middle of the piowhed! while it is being twined. Now have some boards prepared with tripe of wood 4 square, nailed on them the same digance apart as the wndsh of « pinwheal when it ie lying down When the wot pinwheel ia twifed wp ae above lit it off ‘raat plate and act ¢ between two of thoes @ripe on board so na to keep it from untwiting and with « ut a drop of elu scrote the pipes and onto the ca disc at four equidiaant points When they have fee fi 227 PYROTECHNY they may be removed from the boards and are ready for wwe. (Fig. 41). SERPENTS or NIGGER CHASERS. Squibs) ‘These are Fight rong cates, 3* to 5* long, crimped stone ed and charged with « sharp composition, rong ‘tough to cause them to rin around on the ground ot im the aie while burning. They may be made from-¥ 140 Acawboad, heavy soanilla of tug paper and crimped while ail wet (Fg. 42) eee ‘They may be rammed singly with vod and funnel or in batches of 72 at» time with the hand combination rammer. ¢. ¥: Alterata componitions are Maal powder > 3 Sapa 25 Salpbor 14 Mised coal mK FFF grin powder = 43 SAUCISSONS. (serpents though with 1 heavier ease. Ram with, Meal powder Salpeter seme er For tock work 2 paper morar is made by rolling fis or eight Weknewer of heavy rawbourd 12" wide ‘Mound « former 2" diameter. A wooden bottoms is fied anda mine bag made as deserbad under MINES. The feucasons ate placed in same with Blowing charge aroundPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vor. 1 ‘= 10 ball roman candle from which the bottom clay has Teen omited. “This in placed in the paper mortar with daub of clue on botiom of bag. A top is fied a for mines and when papered and exiped, ie ready for he ark MINES, ‘These are ema paper gune from I" to 3m diameter {im the bottoms of which are placed small begs of are powder ete. which “are fred by 1 mine fuse or roman candle in which the charge of cay has been omitted and replaced by one of candle composition. The botiome se turned out of wood. ‘The tubes are made by Gaby rolling tix to twelve thicknesses of arnwboerd, around « ‘table former. Following are approsimate ser H « 1 sheet #140 2 on ve 3 sit z ie 4 » a 2° 5 at 2 3 6 10 ae at No 1 mines take « | ball mine fuse; No.2 mines « 2 ball fuse fare ts, ‘The mine bage are made by boring » number of holes isto a thick board (for #1 mines, It diameter tnd Wi" dees). Then make a punch with rounded edgex or #1 mines, 1" diametee) and ever thi press a plece of Bout paper (about 4 square) dovely around and of Dench and shove it into ene of the holes in the board femove puch insert » mine fuse and around it put half once of eam and 1 teaspooniul of blowing charge, ‘Squeere loose ends of bag around fuse and secure with 1 piece of ting oF wire. Now daub the bottom of bag with litle deatine or glue and insert it in one of the paper guna into which ‘= bosom has been previously hued. ‘Atop is now necessary. Ths a made by adjutt ing an ordinary washer calter to the requisite size #0 a0 te cat « piece of zamboasd with the outside diameter cf the gun and center hole of the ase of the mine fase ‘When this i dipped into place over the fuse iti avowed. by a square piece of paper, an inch or two larger than fhe top af mine and with « hole punched in the Ue with» wad cutter, to St over mine fine. Pate and prow closely about the top of mine and when diy seme in wendy for use. For tock work they mua, of coure, bbe papered and aiped, packed and labeled Mines of i made by subtituting mucisons for the 228 DEVIL AMONG THE TAILORS. ‘These are made by taking » large shor mine cate and Gling the bag with tiled are, serpecte and Enghsh few cerucker. Besides the contal candle Sor fring it lou mor candles, one at each comer on the outside of gun a Jastened and conneded 40 as to bum at sare time. Fie 45), ANGLO JAPANESE MINES. ‘These comift of a #6 mine cate containing « baa filed with tolored are and. Japanese o« Willow ‘Tree fear. Elecaic Spreader Mare with crackers also make = handsome mine The various elles are elmo unlimited and the genius of the ardcer will sugges other combi- ‘ations Fountains, Flower Pots and Gerbs. ‘These are all modifcations of the same principle which fa a paper tube or case varying from 4! dinmeter 2! diameter tammed solid with one of the compositions 10 ‘be given later FOUNTAINS. ‘Are wauslly fom Ito 16 diameter and 12" lone with wooden point In the lower end v0 they ean be ck in the qround for Bring. “A quar ounce ef rife powder in sometimes placed after the lat charge of companion tind before the clay, both in fountaina and gerbe 90 a0 te have thesn finish with « report or “bounce” luining free wulphur and the may be sveided by using compositions free from chlorate, euch ta granite ain, ‘copper borings etc. or perchlorate compounds Corcade catee are used for water falla and such evigns wheve the fre ia requited to fall considereble dinancee to the ground, They are aually from (1 B diameter and 12" long. Where this pince is 10 be clten repeated as at Fairy, iron tubes 2° inside diameterOR MAN*S JAMES BOND VoL. 1 re sometime wed as these are Gronger and can be leaned with kerosene afr using for repetition, Where Ningaa Falla in shown thie form of case ie in general ‘ue an it eaves the rolling of 200 to 300 large cater for each divs, FLOWER POTS. z ae ‘Srmall eases, choked, Ht, 30 and 3 diameter and from 5+ to 10" long with » weoden handle in end provide © betty piece of Breworks for we by ladion and children. Mien propedly made they are. perfey mae to fre frm the hand bot thin fat abaubd be aanared by fe fring ‘few by @icking thers ia the ground, to see that the charge it not sufisiently rong to burt the case. The lampblack in these produces « peculiar efit not entirely snderood. W migh: be well wo maniion chat when ramming gerbe ste, it in advisable to begin with one charge of Aarting ‘ie eapecilly where the composition contaise Meek et ‘hey not only sometinnes mie Bre but there ia alsa the iketheod of aking fie by samming eel Sing mata nipale. GERBS. ‘These ave ued forall et pisces where brilint off ox jets of Ben are dasited. ‘They. should Glamater and long. When deel Slings (ted should be fr proteded 9. v. an the STARTING FIRE FOR GERBS Meal powder 4 Salpeter Sulphur ‘Charcoal i Meal powder Saltptee Sulphur Ghercoal Steel lings FOUNTAI Meal powder Granvlated salipeter Sulphur Coarne. charcoal FF wife: powder neue Boone * 229 PYROTECHNY FLOWER POTS. 0 6 Salpeter Sulphur Lampblack 3 FFF tile powder 6 CASCADES. 1! cane case WASP LIGHT. rise ‘Thia contivance a very cfedive and sale method of earoying the nef of wasps, horets ec. “The sketch iutratee the method of using same and the following composition ia eaifacory. Sattpter ‘Sahu % Charcoal 5 Where it in not pradical vo attach the Light ax shown, lang pole may be used. Tied to the ead of Sahing fod and Bought in canted? with a neat it will defiroy 8 without danger to the operator ex the. buming com Deson comolany damon te nets whe mak mo fort to ing. ‘The cate should be about 1 diameter and 5* loog ramered on « nipple Uke « gab (Fig. 4). REVOLVING PIECES. ‘Triangles. °POOR MAN'S JAMES BOKD vou. 1 ing of « tiangular block on each side of which « serpent ‘is fatened. The serpents must be rammed full and primed Bip Wangan st both ends. except the In one, A pice of paper patted over the joints where tha nwo ends meet, of seco ted third cases and fe one STARS. ‘This ndbiea covers probably the mo® comptchensive division of the art of fireworks making. Besides the end. leas vavety of eolorn, effec te. we have the cut at box ar, pumped dar, candle tar ele. Neary all are tre rondo by dampening the composition with water (i composition containe dextine) or alcchel (i it containe shellac) and pressing the caked mass into Title cuben crlinder ete. by the vasious devices to be described. CUT STARS. These are the simplem form of Aare in we, SecarePOOR MAN'S JAMES ROND Vo.. 1 some osk wood ripe I" wide and Ht thick, dreseed. 1d from these make = frame about 12° wide, 18° long snd 3 high inside meanurementa, when lying dows, The comers should be secured by halved joints, shed and fasened with amall wire nail, clinched. Also provide » rolling pin shout 2 diameter and 15" long. Now take any one of the formulas given for ext or pumped flare tnd moinen it rather more then for ae with parmp, The ‘of convienent way to moitten any. componiton ie 10 have a lange dish pan of amall wooden tub into whieh ‘he composition is put while water » added Kile by lise, working it in by rubbing the dampened potions between the herde unl itis evenly moitened and a. bandfl, firmly aqueezed retains is chape. Lay a piece of if cardboard on a marble alah dust it with’ diy" composition and lay on it the above’ men Vioned wood frame. Fil heme henpingly with the. damp 'd comporiion and prese it down Ermly with the rll= ing pin. leveling it off with a liding motion eo it ie flush with the top of frame. Nev orth a ruler and = ‘able knife score the composition in each duecion at dit: tance of 3° apart so an to eat it into cobs. Thi foe tated ifthe frame has been previoualy marked at "interval, Make a cut around the inside edge of the frome 40.40 to locuen the tare and carefully remove it. The batch may now be placed in the sun to dey. When tho:oughly ry the cuber may be broken part for ue, On sccount of the eave with which these fare ignite, ‘owing 10 thelr sharp comers they are parletanly adapted {o rockets, emall shell ete where amocth fare ae lable to mise fee. If larger sited dare ase desired « frame of ‘yr material of thicker may be wed JAPANESE STARS. ‘This beautiful effec ia made somewhat similar to the above. ‘The great diference beween the bulky lamp lack and the compact potash makes it quite difesh to ‘mix them thoroughly and this is paricularly necemary to, obtain good result Furthermore it ie hard to eet larmpblack 1 tke up weter. It by therefore neceaary rd to meitien it with alcohol rhec it will ake the wasae ‘more readily. The mathod which | have followed with om sucess is ar fellows, ‘1 2 Lampblasie Dem Som Potassium chlorate = 8 * ‘Saltpetr te Water Bs A i: ‘Aleobol Destine Gum arabic we Mix the dextine and salpeter (ormua 1) well together fand add sufficient water to make « gummy fquid. Boll the balance of the water and add the dilorate of potas 231 PYROTECHNY to in Put the lampblack in «large pan and pour the ‘leahel over it working it in as well ar possible. Now ‘the chlorate of potassium divolved in the hot wate to lengths of an inch or « litle over. Pass « piece of rmatch through one of the Lisle pieces of casePOOR MAN'S JAMES ROND Vor. 1 fi ef A aI L i i i t Ebb it ifs Hitt Hi a if t I i i i if i i ' i 4 Fe i | it ei i I fa] i § | lange 4 cy u z i ai E BE FE tf t E ‘pump. te (Fig. 59) Fs & i ° 6 dam. 4 Tone + IN diam. 918 Yoo. S116 diam 716 long Consequently the plate for making a #1 dar muft be HP thick and havo holes 4° Gareter (a). The. others, in sume proportion. The phungers on plunger plate <6) i t i ¢ i i ' bli i & g iF it } i y | i i i f 232 PYROTECHNY tofore described, and empty same on rahe high work lable previously cavered with » aquare yard of rubber cloth. "Proe the plate (4) into same unll the composition ‘comes up through the bales. Then with the scraper Knife @) werk more componiion down into the holes until they appear full Scape of all erplua composition and remove to the iron bed plats (€) puting. down the tide ‘reviouly up and prest more composition in with the Soper, When ll the holes are well filed scrape off ‘Taplin thoroeghly, place in rabbet of tay and with plonger ‘plate pump out the fara. Care raft be taken to have Hight aide of the plate wp when pumping or plunge il not St holes the plate begins 2 work badly on (iecomt ofthe composition drying on plungers care mun be washed before wing actin. The proper dampnese for composiion can only be eecctained by practice If too Gy eae wil crumble, If too wet they will not ignite freely. The hols in the far plate as well ax the plangere may be much clover together thas shown in eat, ‘Formulas for Cut, Pumped or Candle Stars. ‘WHITE STARS. Salpeter sos ‘Selphue OS Red anenie B 8 Demnine 3 3 lack antimony 5 Red bed 6 ‘Shellac ' RED STARS. leew potamium = 6H Sela ered gm | 3 Fine charcoal 2 4 Carbonate aronta 4 Ninate acne ‘ Dentise “OK BLUE STARS. Chlorwe poten 24 Pasia eroen 9 ‘Nite Borys 8 Shallae 5 ‘CRleeale potamiun 6 Nirete Bary ‘6 Fine charooal 2 Shale KD gum 4 ‘Calomal ad #POOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 233 FYROTECHNY BOX STARS. Red ‘Srontium alate Potumlura chloe 3 ‘Shellac ' Dientine « Green Basia itate 3 Potmascm chlorate 4 ‘Shallae 1 ' Dezmine « Bastum chlorate 9 She asia areen Potassium chlorate 0 Potassium perelorate u Copper Sulphate 3 Copper ammonium chloride 6 Shellac 2 Steaine 2 8 ‘Aophaltm Destine % 5 Calomel 2 Jn fon reine mit thwoushiy the copper mdohae shel, calomel and dentine then add chlorate pow, july ied lone. This aris ool’ salle where 1 to be und within» fw eck, secnd formal nop She dane wih te ope emanate in over before sing she Tnpeconse ‘Pink ge Petumiam pachlorsie 16 Pri gree 4 Phaser pee 7 Stearine a ‘Shellac 3 (Copper arumonioes ciorida ‘ ral om $ fue aime *raclamn with shall sohaon ‘Sodium oxalate 2 Silver Comet Sear ‘Shale i Meal powder 2 Destine « ‘Antimony Sulphide 5 White ‘Aluminim, ™ Saher 7 ‘Alumina, fier in ‘Spur 2 Deena 2 Powdered metal entinony 1 Gold Comet Star Destine * Mest powder a Potable 1 ‘Anan oe ™ me 3 Blk oxid copper 4 ‘Alsi, Ger Calornl Sugar le * Seoodus sivas 1 Antimony 303 Dexsise % ‘Sus onlace ol LAMPBLACK STAR.POOR MAN*S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 Meal powder 7 Lampbleck 3 Black antimony 1 Destine « Moiten with water prens int caken, dey for one week tard break into pisces about KY equare SILVER SHOWER. ‘Salpeter can Sulphur 5 6 Red arsenic B Charcoal 10 * Dextine 3 Black antiriony 6 Lampblack 1 Moiiten wich water GOLDEN STREAMERS. 2 ts ' id aballae, Pump with hand pump ELECTRIC SPREADER STARS. The fiom of theee are in quite suprising, “A. small Pallet, no larger than « pen wil pater over am tree of 13 feat when lighted. To make good cledric aprender (tare reaviree considerable care and judgement damp ning t20 much or too litle greatly reduece thee eed Moitten with alcohol Zine due 36 Potassium chocate m4 234 PYRCTECHNY Granulated coal 6 Passio bichromate 6 Destine 1 Mix thoroughly all but the charcoal and dampen until que wet. Then nddeoel and six egain and pump with hand pump. “Conl mut be all eoaree. from which the fine hee been sifted GRANITE STARS. ‘way, thoroughly dried and broken apart GOLD & SILVER RAIN, (cut stars) Maal powder 16 4 Salpeter m1 Super 10 Fine charcoal 4 2 Lampbiacl Red arsenic 1 Stellsc 1 Desyine 1 Lead rate 3 Mitten with water and cat into quae X each way. ALUMINUM STARS. (box stars only) Potauium chlorate 6 Potassium perchlorate 8 Abuninum powd medium 4 4 ‘Shellac ' Lyeopodiam ' Moiten with shellac vaution apd form into box are We Nong. 3° diameter. MAGNESIUM STARS. ‘Salipaer s Magnesium powder 2 Meiten with linnced oil, Owing to ite high com and, untabiliy magnesium hae been also ently replaced ‘by alin, COMETS. ‘These are large fare about 1* diameter fred fom tall morte of paper In ic simple form they are jue Tange pumped Aare ifthe gam ie 10*long « piecePOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND ¥o2 fxtension around the match with a ring and ino the lower proiegion or bag put » hall tesepoonful of conte tain powder and secure with fring tao. Now drop, thie inthe gun and itis ready for ure, Handsome elects sre obtained by making half of the tar of ved tar Composition and the other balf oF teamer composition, Fe. yroned inlo & case as shown, while the upper half, eeparated from the lower portion by a iaphvmem of clay with amall conceting one, is fled ‘with amall ary and blowing charge, At the end of it Aight the tare ace diacharged with Ene fed, Comet AEROLITES. ‘These are made by placing comet ar totem of a short gun with Blowing charge but Over the Gar is placed 2" of candle composition a over this 1 of bengal fre. COMET STAR COMPOSITION. Salpeter 3 venee 235 PYROTECHNY LANCE WORK. ‘This ia « dlvition of pyrotechny which comsiae of reproducing with coloted lights various designe, portrait, lettering ete. afer the design ia sketched on the Foor ax desetbed under “Designing” ‘A number of frames are made 5* wide and 10 long, of light lumber Mf 2" for the ouside aaips and 1! = 1" for the cemter onen spaced | foot apart each way with a brace fm the two comers as shown in (Fig. 51) ‘These wre laid over the design on the floor and secured so they do not shift until completed nd the picture ete, teansfered to the frames with bamboo for the ciives sad light Gripe of wood for the aight ines a and b Fg. 58, When thin has heen completed frames should be numbered, begining at left hand upper comer of fra frame and numbering each consecutively 10 aus in get. ting ther in their proper places when eroding to be bummed. This ie dane by deving a 110 wite nail to a depth of Thal an inch, (B) at intervale of 24' in curves and 3 10 4 on asight lined all over the design. Be sure lo see that there ia alway a nal at ever’ point where two lines intersec. New with « nipper eat” off the heads of the nila, holding the nipper at an angle with the nad ts that the place where the heed har been est of will Ihave = sharp point indead of being cut off square aero,POOR MAN'S CAMBS BOND VoL. 1 The Frames are now ready for the lances. When has been decided what colors are to be wed for the various parte of the design, ake m handel of lances of the desired color and dip their bottom into ghie 10.8 depth of about When glue har hardened frame is vady for match: ing. Take length of quickmatch and. begining at the upper end of frame pin it from one lance to. ancthe unt entice frame le covered following the olline of desi at much ax posable, (2) Fig 58). When the end ‘of a length of rach is veachad spice another to it by ‘busing about 3* of the new length and slipping this bare ‘nd into the pipe of the preceeding length securing by ‘ying and padting joint Leave an end of match about 2 long pri the lower right hand corner of each frame’ 80 connected to the one next to it when eroding. Ll fy cone of the bottom frames leave lender 10 40 20 fest Jong, of match, to Bight piece by when it has been erected Now with a three comered awl make « hole! deep though the match pipe and into the priming of each of the lances on the frame, (2) (Fig. $81 Then take ripe ‘of save paper 1° wide and 3 long: pate » number of hem anto « light board and working slong from lance 10 lance sccute the match ro top at shown at Fig. 58 Sometimes where it ia deed to rush s job to be bumed fme day at point where it in made, the lances are secured by simply bending © patted ap an inch wide ‘over top of lance as shown at #, by Fig. 53, ‘The completed frames may now be crated into lots of four, with H* x 4 ripe aranged te held them apart for convienence in aneporation. LANCES. ‘These re amall paper tubes from "te? diameter 2 to 25 long filed with composition burning diferent, ‘aloe with « duration of one minute and weed fer produc: ing the ferent designe wed in Groworks exhibitions, ‘uch an portals, mottocs etc. The cates are rolled and rammed with funnel and rod, a4 previouly deverbed, Some lance compositions are 40 light a1 to be diff: PYROTECUKY alt to ram. These should be slightly dampened fra Blue lances made with patia green and white ones using jar ae fnoquenly used without pring we they ignite very easly. A gcod lance should burn cleat for one minute without faring or clogging Up. All colore should burn Of about the sume duration. ll lance burns to one tide itis aftem because the composiion is not well med ‘or because there iv more paper on one vide then on the fther They should have about three tars of paper all round. LANCE COMPOSITIONS. Red Lances. 6 3 Potassium chlorate Scontiam nizate Strontium carbonate ‘Shellac Lampbiack Green Lances. Potassium chlorate Barium nitrate Basia chlorate Shellac Calomel Larapblack Prose acid ‘Aaphalrs “Seo ditecions onder box @are for using chia ‘Yellow Lances.POOR MAN'S JAMES BOKD You. 1 Potassium chlorate wo4 4 Sodiam exalae 202 2 ‘Shellac a 14 ‘Charcoal % Basia trate ' BOMBSHELLS. ‘These represent the hithest developement of the pyrotechnical art and require great patience and skill for ‘successful produaion The mot wor i tain the perachate ete. Fig 64) Shells ate ll fred fom mortarn the eculler ones made of paper, up to about 3° diameter and the larger ‘nee of wood copper and iron. The emallad shall wich which wa have to deal are the Diameter 245116 Hiei o ‘The shelle ate made of hollow wooden balls which ‘an be tamed out by any wood times. They are made in halves, umully with « vabbet to insure * close 6. ‘Through one hall, del « hole jaf the wive to snugly Gia piece of ordinary blating fne, 15 long. Glue the fuse on the inside ae well xe om the oumide of the shell cae. Now fil each half with are 10 which add ‘s texmpoonful of shell Blowing powder, hue the dew of tach half, dap them together and when dey pases frp of paper around where the two halves jcit. Prime the ende of the fare which should project throuth the hell about H, bend a piece of naked match about 6° EXHIBITION BOMB SHELLS. ‘Tha principal sizes of shalla med for this purpose ere 4, @ end 1" Damier. For round shell after the eases s carpannert brace bit 1, boring from the iuida. Fit the te Ralves accurataly togither: bind with a @rip of hed oh sad ov thls ore time ape of pare ie inid on longitudinally: ach arp everapping the one fore it by about 4". Hf each layer in made of « dlfer ont leash When with the they will should now = alle of paper ELLPOGR MAN'S JAMRS BOXD Vou. 2 ‘Amach « cloth nosing to fuse: bare I" at the ead of length of maich and attach to bottom of shell by.» #1 tack; lead match up to fuse bend at right angles to emit of entry into moving: ot the piping at pont of any tod aceare with ftong cord. The remalaing match ‘he serves for lowering shell nto root, upto © se Langer abella mu have » hemy cond peered around them for the purpose cotsee bottom of shell and enter diving charge be sure te cat piping away for about half an inch, (Fig. 63) ass : ‘Two and three brs shell are made by lighily fa sing together the desired amber of ahort canter shell ‘wide kaee not over 3¢ long between them. The fet shel has regular length fee The deta can be beter lundertced from drawings than fom « description. See Fig. 65, PARACHUTE BEARING SHELLS ate also shown in detail Fig. 64 SHELL FUSES. These ate bem made of hardware paper. Take tod, diameter (for a 6" shell) anda theet of paper wide, Pate it with thick pete all over ove tide. and ‘8 once rll it up as tighiy an posible until it has an ‘unde diameter of W°.- The eneth of sheet reqited i ‘dependent on the thickneae ofthe paper. ‘When « number 238 PYROTECHNY Free Shall Fig 6 3 Break Shall Fig of thene cases are rolled they mut be did in the shade wumil hey are at hard aa wood and rate when avuck together jon made ax Iellows 2 1 ‘Sit and mix thro dimes Rat # {ute case on 4 fem 82000 ina litle composition and tp about ten light blows, Add more composition and ram agsin reps: ing woul fave ie fled The compooiton in fone mut be an hard ae pouble when Snished, stherwive it wll ‘The burting and driving charge for shelly in axPOOR MAN'S CAMES BOND Vol. 1 fellows Driving Charge. a abel 1G on 6 hell 336.08. 10 shel 16 oe 10" shal 14 oe ‘The diving charge should be conte grein powder: cannon powder in bed “An endless variety can be pro: ‘Steed with shells some of which follow while the loge: sully of the pyrotechni will sugge® others as he pro- “The Conch Shell consite of a 10" diameter shell ‘packed with three ball roman candles made specially for tia purpose. The caver of the candles are made of very Brong paper to that they ean be thin and no empty portion i left at top and beworn. In addon to the Ute roman candles, colored @are are added. ‘This makes a vey efedive shell SHELL CONES. (for holding driving charge) These are made by culling out » round piece of rood Kialt paper ai to twelve inches diameter accor Ing to size of abel for which cone intended. With a teiseow ineke «cut from the edge to the cane and Twi around ac an to make a bag cr cone of fro thicknemes. pefting the edges where they mest. Put the ‘diving charge into thin and with a litle pace atiach it to the botom of shell having previoualy cut the match FPipine whece it eoates the bot ao that ve wil ake Bieing charge when shall ie igheed JAPANESE BOMBSHELLS. Day and Night ‘The Jnpanmne have developed the form of prrotech- ay 22 am timo incredible degree of beauty and origi ality. Some of their shells are marvels of paienes, ingenuity end all. 239 PYROTECHNY DAY SHELLS consia of taining lage Byuree of bids animale ete made ofl ‘ewww paper sewed together like = bag and opan at the ‘bono with a row of amall weights sround the Fim of he botm. The figure in folded into.» emall compact pile and packed into « eylindcal shell cane. somewhat fe parachutes are placed in rocker. When they are Fred to's eight af tbout 1000 fant the figure ie expelled swith a Light charge and anit fala the weights cause the bottom to mfold and the inrushing air infaten ‘One of their day hells contains about dozen paper parasols which, of cour. are folded when inwide the hall case but which by an ingenious condrudion, open {Bsoon ae shell breakt and they Bost’ to the, avetnd ‘mach ax perachuter do, The arangement it as follows: ‘The second variety of day shells const of coloeal spiders made of smoke and. varcolored closde shi trun be ween to be appreciated They are rade by fling Fe, te Fa te ‘+ round shell with smoke far on top of which ia act 1 Cane conteining # musmber of 13 dimneter colored froke shell and a parachute from which hange & “emoke dragon Fa tie ‘The night shell embrace some 30 or 75 diferent sffecn Up ts 40 years age eclor in night shelle seem te have been unknown (0 the Japanese and all ther devices consined of endlow variton of tailed dara, gold tnd silver min, willow trees and bright work each one re entrancing than the other. Among some of thei very, wmaual offen ie «night shell which pon veach- ing the hate of sight throwe out five ed paper an terna with a Hight burning inde each one. The lasternt ‘when inflated are about two. feet in dareter and four Foo high. When folded inside the shell they occupy « amce about five inches diameter and nine inches log ‘Rooter of thec orginal shell breaks wih thet veryPOOR MAN'S JAM BOND Vol+ 1 round effet bat only one half of the circle is fill out with are while the periphery only. of the other half ulin with tere ar shown below (Fi. 64), To wee hia etl a wing oF tail ia attached to the shell which holds itn the requived. pontion, selative tothe abeervers at the moment of explosion, ‘The arrangement of the contents of these shelle ia shows in the accompanying sketch, (Fig. 67). The in- tide of the round shell care is seored ax shown at (a) and (Q) by curing half way theough the paper with « Knife im order to cause shell to bur evenly and throw the Gare equally in all deedions ‘ere pill boxe 4° diameter and 4" long, ‘and over the other end are beat two ‘of thin matal (copper or tn) which are eecured paper faaening 10 a0 to reBid the opening to ita exginal size, The ar ave charged the compotion shown under “Smoke Sis, the AEF MORTARS. z = Fig Mocacs for fring pyretechaical bombshella are made in a variety of diferent ways. For shells up to 3* in PYROTECHNY ‘nk op other hardwood is fined to it and the bare! schily wound with marlin, it will be perfealy safe lisht and cheap. For 4 diameter shells and upward morass of copper tubes, shrunk, one over the other vo that there are four thicknesses at the botom, three for hall the length bo up 2 Dreequarers of il bard and one thickneat for Nelance, with a ng at the top make am ideal mortar ‘Wrought iron tubes wound with galvanized wine and fated with cat iron bottoms securely fastened in by smachine bola or rivets make very servcable guna. The Totem should be conical on the ineide to accomodate the powder bag of ubell Fi. 68) ‘The Japanese wed long wooden mortars reinforced with itom bands. Those were soaked im water before Being ted, to ewell and tighten them. On account of thai length they would threw = shell to a great height swith 1 arall dhiving charge. They should always be ‘ared for half their length in the ground then in use Wh these monare it was cumomary to pour the diving charge for shal, loeely into the mortar, drop the shall fever it and fe by shaking « litle doe from a port fre Iie the menar. "Thia method ls dangerous and is not te be recommended Mentata with port holes on side of honom, lke the ld ayle military mortase are sometimes wed for day shells” The carsidge of shall is pierced with « priming rod and « piece of bare match inereed though port hole. BALLOONS, Seoure some good tue paper 20° 30 (Foudkinier in ben). Patte two sheet together on the 20° ends mabe ing a sheet 20" x GD Split thie lengthwise and get = sheet 10°x GO, Make twelve sheets of this sie, Iny fon top of another and double over the lot longitudinal to an to have pile 5* x OO. Now, with « scissors cut slong the unfolded edge as shown in Fie. 69 (0), removing the part shown aa shaded The exea line to ful maybe determined by pradice unt the moft tats, faaory shape is found when an extn sheet of heavy paper should be cat and reserved ae a petterm.”Or, the pattem can be made sccording o intraions given undet "Balloon, Designing Unfold sheets cut ae above and lay one on the table efore you On top of thie lay asither bat about Ht nearer to” you thus leaving an uncovered edge el the ‘under shest exposed (B). Apply paste lightly to this edge ‘and lap it over onto the upper sheet inthis manne isining the two for their entice length. Make six pairs ‘of theste like this and then repeat the procees withPOCR MAN'S JAMES FOND Vol. 1 the double sheet until you have three sete of four sheets Join these ax before making the Real dosing ict Fao i & Ticewine. Ifthe top of balloon where the joint met ly nt wel dened pate «ell ound ce of paper ove ‘When balloon hae died make # sing of wire, bamboo for satan. far the batiom with rote wirew tohold the infator (e)" For = balloon of the above size the sing should be sbout 15" diameter. le balloons 10 feet or more in height « wite beaker is someimes woven into the center of the ring 40 that an exte infator may be ‘Added jutt before releasing balloon when ready t2 sae, BALLOON INFLATORS. These me made in several ways. One consis of bull of cotton wool which ia saturated with sleohol or Kerosene oil when balloon is to be infated. A more convieneat infator may be made by impregnating « ball of excelair with parafine and faening it on top of econ ‘wires of Ballon ring. This has the advantage of being cleaner and requites nothing futher than lighting when balloon is to be raised DESIGNING BALLOONS AA balloon five feet high when deflated ean be made from twelve picces of true paper cut out of shea 10" wide and” 60" long. To get the proper shape for cating these seaions draw a plan of the desited shape of bal: loon when” Snished, somewhat an shown in Fig.l ‘Then make «ground plan ae shown in Fig. 2 Qharter The fhe elevation plan by the (wo Knee al and a2. i nen Ratlaen Pew Pig e 2a PYROTECHNY Iines a repeasent the balloon at ite wide point ia both plane,” Line b in ground plan ie obtained by meanwing the length of ine b in Fig. | from conta Une az 10 the edge of balloon and then taking the same didance from the canter of Fig. 2 and making « cise with « ‘compasses at this point’ Lines ed and e are ‘bined in the same manner. Now, ta make the patter at shown in Fig. 3 draw 1s plan af one of the sheet from which the balloons it to be cot axing same seale as in Figures I and 2. Divide by lise dough its confer lengthwise and then locate lines 4 Lb lee lid | and o | by measuring didance from bottom “of balloon io each crow Fine on Fig | long ene edge from 2 10 e It now only remsina to Tecate the point on Fig. 3 for geting proper shape of pattern. To do thin tke » pair of dividere and meneure Tenth om line b from central perpendicular ine in Fig 2 point where i intersede the next redial line to the JM Divide tha distance equally to exch side of central ine of lie bl in Fig. 3. Do the same with nea ed and On 4 large plan this may be more accurately done wih + Mexible rule bot when wing dividers a tbove sigh allowance mus be made for the curve ture of the Lines om Fig. 2. All that ia mecesary. now, to dinw an eany line ftom top to botiom of Fig 3 tee thown, The. bottom of 5° balloon should be shout TS diamete, Dividing this by four wil give approxie imately 392 for bottom of patter Fireworks Attachments for Balloons. ‘These make a very prety addition to« balloon ascen- sion and may be designed in mumcrou ways at 10 iage- tity of the pyrotechaia wil sugges. A typical atach- rent is shown in accompanying sketch charged A. verocal wheal suspended fren 2 lighting when balloon in wall up in the air very iterating diaplay CANNON CRACKERS.PooR MAY'S JAMES BONE ¥Yo1. 1 have caused, during thelr short career the lose of more Ihanda, are oe. to thove fing them than all other kinda cof pyrotechnics combined, ‘The remton is simple. The composition of cmckers la only explosive when confined or alr the cracker ie finshed and the explosion of « fniahed eracker will not ignite othem, aa ie the case with candlon ete. where spark will fre thousands et once.” But when erackere fare used by the inezperienced it ia dificult to. determine whether the fuse ia lighted or mot which often causes the cracker to explode inthe hand with disdtzoue reals, Jw Woody record hat caused a number of tates 1 les: ‘ulate nguina its sale in sizes larger than three to four inch, Untl a fuse in invented that wil be consumed a8 JC buena the piece of Reeworks will be daogerour to Vanda The Se avslable tecord of the manclacure of American Cannon Crackers on a commercial scale seas about the year 1880 when Edrrand S. Hunt of Weymouth, ‘Mans devised » very ingenious machine into which wae fed empty cance from x hopper while the composition fund fowe wae inserted and the ends camped at one ‘opetion Previously only Chinese crackers were used bur the increased loudnens af the report and the reduced eos of making them acon caused the Ammesican article to wupplant the imported one in the larger size. With the advent of the Flah Cracker the Chinese have arnin invaded the Amerian market to «large extent The easee for cracker are rolled similar 10 rocket casee except that padle is used only om the la tum at fenhem end of sheet the body of the case being rolled dy. By this meane the cracker is more oaaly bows ‘nto amall fragments and the danger of being ruck by © large piece of hard case is avoided The fuse used 4s the emall red cotton untaped fare made eepecially for thie purpose though mot aay kind of Blaning fase may be used. A piece from If" to 3* long i euicient ac- cording to the length of the emcker. ‘Various composiions are uted. those containing Aati- many ving the louder report while thoae mado sulphur only. produce less noise, The cases ahould filed about one thied full of compeston to obain bet resus and compotion mua be lovee, not rammed ‘The addition of charcoal will increase the Highness the composition and prevest its tendancy to pack wl leans the report. ‘The ands of crackers are Ropped in vasious ‘The bet it by means of csimpers which pinch or the ends of the case around the fuse at one on into a bunch of hump at the other. A dab of gloe the ends in place. Another method is to. lowe and with lay” and the other with « cork, The low ‘of corke sed for this purpose canbe bought for ae cheaply a twelve centa per thousand in the emall sizes ‘which in las than the cont of plage of any ther ror Eakrré iH r | br PYROTECHN 2 brase nipple se shown Fig. 72. of the tof the cracker desved and about a0 high rom pat ‘© balf ach when resumed and with « few blows of « smalet wot it Ferd. You had bett now remove the case and wih «shu knife oplt it open without breaking he clay gad swe if everything radly, that ia the proper amount of clay has been ‘ed and ifthe fuse projec fand has not boon mashed Iappens if the rammer hus the cod which tame the in same” Unio this as bees ‘will fal to explode, When these aby adjusted proceed with ramming clay in ancther ‘cane and. scoop in enough compouiton (any one from ia te fellow) to fill cate about one ‘cork that wil & proxy snuaaly, guid fab glue and force it ‘a now completed and may be removed from nipple If too much compotion in used the ropert is weskened:P00R MAN'S TAMBS BOND Vol. 1 Nambere Length Bore No in bex Boxes in ease Vie 2 Si 100 20 25 * ne 50 2 ae oe 13 100 foe #30 20 sos ow 20 20 7: of ow 10 0 oe ee 5 20 o> oe 3 0 2 + 1 oF 2 20 wo ee Bewe CANNON CRACKER COMPOSITION Potsas: chlorate o 6 6 B32 5 [paper and avoiding friion of any kind. Prepare a block ¢ Fig. 73 by boring several holes shown, HG diameter and I" deep. Also « nipple 243 PYRO! Wy W! diameter fited into # handle b and some pisces of ‘trong Light paper 24° square a. Take a pice of ‘paper in one hand and with the nipple inthe other, prete the per around it uo ae to logm lille cup which in now Inverted in the oly in. black pressing down until the Fos ‘of mateh three inches long: draw the paper around the tontch and secure Gghly swith tro hall htehoe of line fring. Remove from block, smear a litle qum on one fide and push into « cracker case (d) 4° diameter and 3 long- It ia not necessary to clove the ends of fash crackers as the report ia juf ee loud when they are let om Composiion #2 and #3 are much the salef and ‘should be used by any but thove very familiar with thin dane of work but the ends of the cancker raft be tghly called Jep, or eap torpedoes which conditute far the larg fom par of thove used today, aw’ nearly aw Lean find out fa an Amaican invention. SILVER TORPEDOES. Fulminate of Silver. ‘The falminate ia peopared by taking 8 ore of CP.POOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vo1. 1 Ninie acid (428) and adding gradually, @iing confanily with w lase rod, 2 ons, water Into thi put a sliver dollar of 1 oe. of bar adver. Warm alighly unt « beck reaction takes placa, When the alver incompletely die telved allow to! cool for three minaten, Then add 16 ors ‘pure aleohol Add it all at once and quickly and be ‘hae dhat the yevel constining the ashtion of allver is ‘2 lead four snes as large ae the amount contained for 1 violent efferveence will take place. After it subsides {24d thrwe ounces more alcohol. ‘Let tend for «quater {one hall hour when a white eryaabne precipitate will ‘be formed cn the bottoan of vessel which ie the Fulmisate and may be collected on a fier and dried in a shady place, A candy jar may be used for making the fulminate Tat a glass beaker is far preferable. The utcof cate muft be excercined in handling the shy powder au the slighted? concussion will explode the centze lot with teribe viclenes. A wooden spoon should bbe awed for removing i from the Kher and i shoud be handled as litle an" pouitle and im the salle prac cable quintien. Procure a sound peper box from © drug ‘ore, one inch in diameter and three inches high. Make femal! hole 1/16" in diameter through. the cover and. fait about half fll of dry fulinote. Now take » board 1 wide and 20 long. 4° thick end. with » 31" bit bore 50 holes through it (3 rows, 1O to a rove). This is the torpedo board. ‘Then take similar board and. with 1 bit bote the same mumber of holes in the Pancha ‘tae pede Figtae containing the papers and place it aver the board of 244 PYROTECHY sravel, Hold tightly together and tum both boarde to- ether upside down and the gravel will be empsied into the torpedo bourd all at once. Remové the now empty tp the edges ef the paper, bunch them together and by siving few twit the torpedo i finished. Care mua be taken not to twitt too Hehly ae the torpedo iv Mkely to explode in the, Sager. JAPANESE OR CAP TORPEDOES. These, while considerably safer than the silver torpe- does to make and handle require to be aruck with much ‘more force in order to cause them to explode. Fie we mutt proceed to make the cape (Fig. 73). os re deep, 8° wide and 1° ber of pieces of Blanket 12" square which dampened before wing. and s cap drop diving 150 8 penny nal for one is * wooden block 7"x 9 16 thick and tle as shawn in Mharaton” ‘The heads af bbe well leveled up se thet even one EE a lt of pleces of potter paper 6x 8 and place them in two piles on the work table They are for dropping the cape into. The exp composison is made a4 follows: NUMBER ONE, NUMBER Two. Potamium chlorate $e: Amorphous phoophorus Sulphur be Poe hele ra Sift separately the ingredienta of No. |. mi thoroughly find moisten in a bowl with wotst to the comifency. ‘of powidge. In another bow! moitten the two eunces ‘Amorphsus Phosphorus, to the same consistency. Then fir the phosphorus into the bowl containing’ the other ingredient, with «spoon. When thoroughly mixed pour Take the dropper by the handle and dip it into the pan of compouiibn, remove it end print it lightly onto the top ahect of one of the piles of pomer. With « widePOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vou. 1 nuh pate the top sheet on the other pil, all over on cone side with thin pate to which lle dextine haa ‘been added and reverse i onto the sheet that has jut the eape dropped on it Now remove the faished sheet of capa to one of the damp blankets and repeat ‘operation, placing a piece of blanket between exch sheet ‘of cape unt all the composition is weed up after which place's light board on top of the ple of etenate cape (Sed blankets, and on this, a weight allowing itt remain for about an hour, after which remove the blankets and lace the pile of cape im a Sght box where they cane rot become dey. Now fil the torpedo board s+ before direaed only ‘using a tomevhat wmaller gravel board. Take-out « few sheets of caps and with « long pair of aeinoce cat be- theeen each row of apa each way 40 an to separate ther Place one aquardy on top of the gravel. in ‘ach torpede and taking « handfol of gravel drop a Hale fon top of each cap. They are now ready to be twisted st described for silver tomedoes. When « number have ‘been Gniahed they. should be packed im sawdust or rice shale and vemoved from the workroom. Too many should fot be allowed to nceumilate in w pile, for when ary, the explosion of one will sometimes fire the entice lot tnd the Bying ones often cause serious injury. Be aute never to allow the cape to become dey sehle making the orpedoes, in the forage box. In making cape, when batch has been completed, be very eareul to wipe up thowoughly every drop of speck that may be spilled and wash well the pan and. Ghopper ete. us well an the table sheary and brash used find throw avvay the washings where they will tan of Japanese torpedoes do not keep mach over a ye the phosphorus decomposes and alter awhile disappear ‘alcely from the cap. Flowing ate the principal sizes tad packings of torpedoes: SILVER TORPEDOES. Elec 1 na ” 25 50 Giant Fag * 10 30 JAPANESE TORPEDOES. ‘Am. Estas 1X we 25100. Japanese 3* " 5 200 Japanese 3 " rn) Japenese > iy 2 40 Gasca Sut oe 10 0 Cannon * zr 0 2 RAILROAD TORPEDOES. Run PYROTECHNY These comsift of « | of: fn ointment can containing 1 mist similar to thet weed in paper cap Ap (of lead is soldered to bottom ef box a0 it can be eauly stacked to mail by bending eip around top of cal, and free when engine rune over it Fig. 74 2). PAPER CAPS. for toy pistols. These_ae made similar to those descibed under “The pecubar ropety of potas picrts to while wile boring bas been bawws fora long tine and hes Toon made sot of for producing the emusing whiing Sroworta, To make ‘ht ale Diacve 11h perc acld inthe lant pone ent of bollng water, in a poredain meagdeak 0d Th Potassiars cabonate, Hide by Lil, @iing comtotouny. ‘Then edd 1 lbs powdered skp” Sar throughly, allow te and for one how and remove to a haary piece of filter paper placed in « glass funnel where it can drain. When dey crush to Gow powder with «wooden aller Very wall quates shoud be handled at's tne on an cplovon wil cause dneezous rnin The dry powder tmay be rammed ita tubes Irom 3 to X dametr and tril praduce te whiting sound when burned Bamboo Ube are mom efeaive, ‘Owing tothe case with which pottn plete det nate whnles cannot he ted in chee bt ell bes 3 dameer and 236 long when charged with the sbove ‘omporiion ‘may be place in the hada of rocket or ‘tenet the, outide and’ sranged te bum or te focke ia wcending tached to whods they mre outs urna, but the mot efedive we for them le when tesea sf it or sight ranging in san from 0m IC lamar are oat side by vide Hke « Pandace Pipe and barned snare. SON OF A GUN. (Spit Devil—Devil on the Walle. “Th srg ite pice of frowerks coma of « dive ubeat one toch or toot im dame which, when scamched on the pavement gives of mcontnucus wei Sind explonons, baring fom one hallo three qarers of arminita On account of somewhat resembling candy lonenger # number of fatal nccidenls have oceured by small chilken swallowing them For thin season thew ttle ha been forbidden in some seaiona. They we ate as (Slower (ip 70) Secure n marber of boatde of J math and bore hols into thm 16 dep and X¢ dames somewhat atPooR MAN'S JAMES BOND Yo1. 1 shown at (9, Tum up a puncher like (b) which will ‘work easly in the holon Cut some sed Foudsinier tinue ‘paper into circular pieces 2# diameter. Lay therm over the Kelen in board and punch in, Pour info theve the composiion given below and fold over the edges of the Endetntle Fig %, paper at in (ch Perit to 4 and when fardened they ‘aay be removed and thoroughly, died when they will de op SON OF A GUN COMPOSITION. Mix five kilograms of powdered gum Arbie with five Een of water, adding water gradually with confant sirne Then ad 1 ke Magnssion cabontes Pee thie in a water bath with a thermometer arenged 40 ttnperstu can be exrefly sbeoved sad hes te °C. ster which add» minture of one kg, white phowphorus fed. air until entzely melted.” Continue ining. while ccaling to 25°C after which adda mine of 25 ke. red ochre and 3 bg. polass chlorste and Air untl pecfedly wmcoth produa recula alter which Wt maybe poured into the paper molds as above. Great care nud be ted to prevent aceldenia in all mintwres containing phosphorus and chlorate of potsas PHARAOHS SERPENTS EGGS, ‘This remakable subaance consis of emall pellets cof aulphocyanide of mercury which has the remarkable ‘by litle # soliton of potassium sulphocyanide, Airing condanty. A greyish precipitate will be formed fand when the laf drop of sulphocyanide added no longer reduces cloudiness permit the mixttg to setde. Drain ‘at much ax pouible of the clear muperant Lguid, temove precipitate to x paper flter placed in a glase Fennel and wach sghly. When thoroughly dry reduce to fine powder, When ready to form the eget molten Ver tosingly wih a werk solution of gem arsbie to which maybe added a pinch of aaltpeter and form into cones with the appliance shown in Fig. 77. ns eae | ate aaah ag fm it PYROTECHNY MAGIC SERPENT, (Black). ‘This German device produces an immense long black soske, otherwise quite similar tthe Pharaohs Serpents but in no ways related chemically. Napthe lich rob in well add etrongeat nicric acid. ule at « time ‘coal for one how Wash several ses with water, the Inf time allowing mase to and in the water for several hours. Thoroughly dey: powder fine and add ait in ll. Moifien with gum arabic to pele about the sce of 6 44 ar ‘when forming into ars. (Snake in the grass). ‘These const of small cones of tinfoil containing « preparation which whan ignited produces « grass green tale of ath from which prasendy emerges © “Pharsohe serpent". (Cot rome tnfil into cieclon 11 diameter. Cut these sin from the periphery to the center ae shown in Fig 78, (a). Fold them around the former (3) so ot to make Tile cones and) inset into block (¢) Eling thems with the following composition: ‘Sea Ne Salpeter ‘Asomonium bichomate 2 DensingPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Yol. 1 light at top of cone. COLORED FLAMES. ‘These are made by dsclving various subitances ia sleshol, A copper can filed with cation ia impragaated with the alcoholic solution. i is Wehted by a tuh of cotton lft protruding fpm the opening. (Fg. 79) tnore grea alcohol ne required. When the dike are Bscd By See sendy fore. Geen in ot 0 succenflly made basa ite be ina mubainted for trons. A litle lampblack improves the buming but deta fom the ealoe axpecally the treen. The ficke are pushed ito a grove in the bar 0 shown, Fig. 80 for drying 247 PYROTECENY Ruby and Emerald Shower Sticks. Divolve shellac ia alcohol and add other ingredients, previouly well mized. Sir thoroughly to consitency of ek luo and dip dicks peviouay amanged in holder to they may be placed in drying rack ‘ietive may be mando as fellows: Take 3 Ibe of dex- ‘Wood dicks may. now be dipped into it wo the desired depth while i in contnined in x deep vowel, and placed n'a salable rack for drying. It may be necowary toPOOR MARYS CAMES SOND Vol. 1 PYROPECHY hey should be died with the composiion end up, the ‘ett one so that not to much composition aceumatee fon the end beyond the wick. WATER FIREWORKS. These consi mainly of five or six vasietes a4 fol- lows: Fig. 61). ¢ gr a tod © te 12 long. The compostions ere SPARK POT. Meal powder 2 Fine charcoal i Seda 1 smoke intended to screen what le behind te The Bauid in projected backward from the plane at the same tale ss the planer movement threugh the ais eo tbat the dop- lesa fall perpendiculay. SMOKE. ‘This branch of prrotechay seems to have bets some: imagination to develope it ‘There ere as many colors and tints of omcke a there ase of lames and serial combinations produee tere really beeuful elfacs ‘The simplest form of smoke used im pyrotichay is the Scnoke Pot used in the opedmacles auch na “Last Days of Pompe” where it ts dened to give the iopreeion of dearuction by fre. A basic formular aubjea to vase son be 7 4 tptec ; Garo \ fae ! (A ring fn 4 ren blow ste cay, ‘A amoks pot developed by our War Department for making umoke screen consiaa of case 39 diameter Sch with «1° opening in the tp. ""The companion Saltpeer 2 Pach 8 Borax % Chae Me Sand 1 ‘Sulpher 1 ‘The itch ia meted and while ail hot the otherPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol, 1 ingredients, previously wll mixed, ate fied in, Belowe the minture cools and hardene it in presed into es ‘Ae it in dificult to ignite, « ating fre of Saliptee 6 Salphur i, ‘Astimony wléd, ' Meal powder ' jn wed. About i of thin ia placed on top of other com: position before puting the top om eats. This may con- iat of «wooden diac with hole, fatened in place with mall nals or a in cam may be wed se container seal bag of gunpowder which should be located as near he. center of the shell as posible This, when exploding serves to eater the colored matter and produce the cloud. ‘The urergement of the fase may be wed as shown in Fig. 67. For RED ute American vermillon powder BLUE Ueamutine powder GREEN aie grewa YELLOW Chrome yellow WHITE Gute BLACK Tory Back, SMOKE POTS or SMOKE CASES. “The realy beast fee, howere, are produced by the burning cf mates which produce & dense emake the dented col For this purpowe = peper abe t Sal nea an nd Does Ee TEAL at Sewn ia Fe, 6, Both ends ie seb maybe elon with ey or wooden loge Do Sot fuck make composiions Ram very Ugh "WHITE SMOKE. 249 PYROTECHNY ‘As thin umoke is not injuious to the fangs it may bbe used in doors for theatieal work, Rub the pote chlor and lactose. together chovoughly, then edd al sramoniae, ney powdered, mining only once more. Ram Uh “Anoter ver goed whe wnche may be made st follows: Sulphur flobers 6 ‘Salipete 2 Fine charcoal ' This i for owdoor use only. Use a litle white @ar composiion for @urting fre. BLACK SMOKE. Herichloroethane “ ‘Alpha captha 6 ‘Ashracene 2 ‘Alaminum powder 4 Roman candle composiion 6 Une white ar composition for tating, if found YELLOW SMOKE. Potassium chlorate Ladove Pereira Use red ar compen above three: YELLOW SMOKE. (olive) (canary)PCOR MAN'S JAMES Bot PART IV. EXHIBITION FIREWORKS. SNAKE and BUTTERFLY © second pair of diver of top wheel (Fie. 63). G) REVOLVING GLOBE. ‘This simple yet balling and always intaeaing deviee is condtnuaed ss shown in Fig. 64. The frame may be secured in different sizes, all ready for lances ee from 4 teanufaauen of fireworks whee ia Noth Weare, NOH . ‘or it may be con@truded by the pyrotechnit himeelf G) sccording to mugeettions given in sketch When the piece ia barsng, the ilobe appears to be Fett areas ‘This ingenious piece of Sreworks ly believed to have ‘been devined by the Brock Fireworks Co. of Surey, England and rented quite a sensation at the Coy Revolving Glbe rig. 84. APPENDIX. CHINESE FIRE CRACKERS. ‘As far a4 ia known to the writer there has never bbeea given in English « detailed description ofthis iter. foning, Finke anicle of pyrotcchics of which there are undoubtedly more made then of any other piece of fre. ‘The ingenuity of the Chisese in ite production in the unbelievable large quanties that they ‘ae made is only equaled by the many other amunul things done by this mot patient and paindaking mee.POOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 ‘The yearly imports to this county of Chinese fie- cracker amounts to three milion dolla which divided mong. the variowe inex, would amount contervatively to wight billion ernckers ‘The tuber of Grecracker cases cases are 14" lone, 4H! oulnde diameter and have a bore of 51324 They te rolled of «grade of paper unknown in tia couniry: Dpeihaps the lowed grade of paper made, unsted and {ite iregular in characer sort of coeree bloting pape K amall sroust of gum water or rice pate ws used Binder and the cats ie fnahed, with one turn of verr ‘hin red geen or yellow paper. ‘They are rolled in lengths of one to two feet and then cut to the required ‘A piece of hard wood about |? thick and cut into « pointed rood ot metal pine 1 Tong and 5132! diameter ‘rt into the wood base 49 thatthe sbove amount projets tnd exactly 10 apart They are also arranged in a he eon with wider # wide. A tube ia now slipped ‘sch pin unl the entire block ie filled, having previoualy provided = wood frame the same size as the outside of the block one half inch thick and having an inside dia- meter igh renter than the assembled tubes vo ee to bbe able to slip smugly around them Thi is slipped up and dawn a few times to shape the bundle niedly and ering Hed around it to further secure same. 2s PYROTECHNY 1 ine of whitepaper a now pated ov the op cane eee toe the se aie whet cee eee mac the cet ale wher aePias Finder sds moinened ge the edgse wie eta taper ney bed cf Wen ata TEAS Se DO intel lov ant ir per Seca oc Casker ie cel wah 8 pon Saath ‘ad iek to hat Sy nay be rad Sidhe Sateuy perder ee. Some’ sponta TOU SST Foren dr fave thee Ue vo DST Rae ie nus crea bake dandoneun, a ~~ —s I Ae ree oe 1 Soe feng, Fas, ‘A wooden bourd sbout one inch wider all around than the bundle of czackem and thick with 1 holes bored through it coresponding exatly ia postion with the erackert in the bundle is now laid na smooth ‘board, covered with Bnely powdered clay which ia preaved ito the holes in it with the hand, ntl in Gm enough fot to fall out when the pece iw Bfad. ‘The surplus ie rushed of and it ie the clay filled APOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Yor. 1 252 ‘The top layer of paper ie now moittened se that it ic may be ently removed and the clay which has be. ‘come slighly moistened +4 well ie genly puahed dowe, with « suitable rammer. Its then died in the wun. The bottom end is now eateully dipped into. water, tured hotom up: and the paper removed from this side ele, the clay pushed down and picrted with an awl for the purpore of inventing the match of fare. Thia is hewever the emackew have beea again died in ‘Alter the fuses ate inserod. the ends of the re pinched around it about 4" from the end ys cimper or two blunt Eaives Binge togeiher st ove ‘end and having a V ahaped notch cot out of the center cf eath Blade, 40 that when tro notches appronch fom opposite sides they pinch the cracker together and cate the fare to be held in place. When they are now Enelly ‘dried for the att time they are plated togetbr 00 as to form the packs of commerce, The plating’ and wrap. ting of the packs is wuch « dexwous performance that it ia Uneleas to ty to describe it as ite only acquired by many years of auccending generations doing the sama thing. “The following formulas are in use for making the composition used in Chinese crackers and dash ersekert CHINESE FIRE CRACKERS. Salpeter se Sulphur 3 Charcoal Bo Chlorate potassium 8 Send. 4 FLASH CRACKERS, Salpeter so Sulphur 0 2 30 Aluminum powder foe 20-2540, Chlorate potasaiom 50 30 Avery important as well as extremely difcal part of the Chinese cracker is 12 make the fave Very tender land abled Gngers wre required to produce thie nigh icant looking yet mom requnite adjund. A thin arp of the Gnedt Chinese nue paper, about %* wide and 1a Jong is Tid on amocth damp bonis: « Erle geam af powder is poured down se center om « hallow Cetbos ‘ick and withthe tip of walt skinned fingers whieh nec to have an attnation for the paper and placed nening the ght hand lower camer, «rolling esion im the seneral disedion of the upper left herd tomer caus the peper to rll up into « twine like se ‘The sghtcs touch of pate secures the end and. prevent uneling Men diye cut ito he fequed lenge end rnd NOTE. The information upon which the foregoing atcle was viten has been supplied by Me. Ip Lan Cheer, manager of the Kwong Man Loong Fireworks Ca. of Hong Kone. China q dPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Voi. 1 253 PYROTECHNY, Fulminate of ver Fue, Being Fusen all Fuses, rand. Caer ree Gold end silver vain Che Gam wae nnn Cam powder. Globe revolving — Heading, rocket. Ingredien, Invodueson Kawi gum Labeling oc Lampblack, Lancet Lance work Magnesium Maripaations.o-- Matghe on rooms 6 Eagish ariemPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 1 254 PYROTECHNY, Japanete...... ‘Stearine. os 196 meteoric. ‘Sugar of + . a 194 Ship lighte..... Sulphur, flour. 195, Smokeless fr€0....-.n “Rowers of — 195 Smoke freworke. “ground. sensnanannseninsnnns LOB ZT dlouds, colored..... Tableau ft08. vs wen 212. pote... Torches. akarnin um. nee 216 I tan. campaign... ' 214 * screens. “carnival... ~ 215 Snake ness.. parade... 214 Snake and butterfly. “railroad ~ “ vow 214 Torpedoes, Japancae. 7 sn 244 - lrond. SooeavessoogggesesegesesesossRageseoogRaRAD