Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 1 di 20
Hydraulic System : Main Principle
FLOW: determines the speed of the work equipment.
Speed of work equipment is determined by the amount of pump flow.
Greater the pump flow the greater the speed.
Lesser pump flow creates slower speeds.
Pump flow rate is determined by the pump swash plate angle
and rpm.
PRESSURE: determines the amount of force the work equipment can exert.
Pressure is determined by resistance up until maximum relief pressure is reached.
Resistance can come in two forms:
Flow rate and size of port the oil must pass through.
Amount of resistance from the work equipment.
When maximum relief pressure is reached the machine cannot exert any more force and the work
equipment stops.
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 2 di 20
Hydraulic System : Main Principles
Pump RPM Pump Swash Plate Angle
When the pump rotation As the pump swash
speed increases, the plate angle increases
pump flow increases. more fluid can fill each
This is directly effected chamber increasing the
by engine rpm. flow.
When the pump rotation As the pump swash
speed decreases, the plate angle decreases
pump flow decreases. less fluid can fill each
This is directly effected chamber decreasing
by engine rpm. flow.
This is valid also for the gear pump
not represented here
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 3 di 20
Hydraulic System : Flow/Pressure Relationship
The relationship between flow and pressure is shown in the Hydraulic Output Curve.
With all hydraulic equipment the relationship between flow and pressure is inversely
proportional: as pressure increases flow decreases and as pressure decreases flow
increases.
Flow
(Q)
Hydr. POWER is constant
=
QxP
Pressure (P)
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 4 di 20
Hydraulic System : Variable Displacement Pump
BASIC PRINCIPLE
1. Control of pump swash plate angle
The pump swash plate angle (pump
discharge amount) is controlled so that LS
differential pressure PLS (the difference
between pump (discharge) pressure PP and
control valve outlet port LS pressure PLS)
load pressure of actuator) is constant.
(LS pressure PLS=Pump discharge
pressure PP-LS pressure PLS)
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 5 di 20
Hydraulic System : Variable Displacement Pump
<If the PLS is lower than the PLS set
pressure>
(or Pump Displacement D)
Pump Discharge Q
LS differential Pressure PLS
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 6 di 20
Hydraulic System : Speed Up
POWER MODE & SPEED UP ADVANTAGES:
PERFECT CONTROL OF THE AVAILABLE POWER
NO ENERGY LOSS AND COSTS SAVING
SELF-ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE APPLICATION
OVERDIMENSIONED COMPONENTS TO GUARANTEE RELIABILITY AND DURABILITY
WORKING MODE SELECTION LIKE IN KOMATSU EXCAVATORS
TWO FRONT LOADER SPEEDS LIKE IN KOMATSU WHEEL LOADERS
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 7 di 20
Hydraulic System : Compensators
FLOW
CONTROL
P
S FLOW CONTROL
COMPENSATION
P
Q=kS P
Q
S
METERING
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 8 di 20
Hydraulic System : Compensators
THE INNOVATIVE
CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM SYSTEM
INSTALLED
ON THE
Flow division without pressure compensator NEW
KOMATSU
BACKHOE
LOADERS
Flow division with
1 2 3 Flow division with
pressure compensator
1 2 3
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 9 di 20
Hydraulic System : Compensators
Heavy load Light load
PLS1 PLS1 > PLS2 PLS2
Main
spool
Pcomp
Flow
control Pressure
valve reducing
valve
Pp
Pressure compensation valve
Pp
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 10 di 20
Hydraulic System : Compensators
2.Light load 1.Heavy load
(Compensated side) PLS2 < PLS1 (Compensating side)
PLS1
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 11 di 20
Hydraulic System : Lay Out
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 12 di 20
Hydraulic System : Lay Out
Bucket movement
Low Pressure
LS Pressure
Main Pressure
PPC Pressure
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 13 di 20
Hydraulic System : Lay Out
Steering system
Low Pressure
LS Pressure
Main Pressure
PPC Pressure
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 14 di 20
Hydraulic System : Control Valve
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 15 di 20
Hydraulic System : Control Valve
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 16 di 20
Hydraulic System : Control Valve
Unloading
LS Port
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 17 di 20
Hydraulic System : Control Valve
Steering priority valve
PPC priority valve
PPC self reduct. valve
LS Pressure relief valve
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 18 di 20
Hydraulic System : Control Valve
Safety valve swing
Safety valve bucket
Safety valve boom
Safety relief valve
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 19 di 20
Hydraulic System : Control Valve
Side shift
Customer Service Department
WETT001304
Komatsu Utility Europe Pag. 20 di 20
