TUGAS

TEKNIK REAKSI KIMIA

Disusun oleh:

Barneus Wanglie Sugianto / 1406607760

Fikri Averous / 1406607792
Meylin / 1506800325
Puteri Amelia K / 140660895

Departemen Teknik Kimia

Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Indonesia
2016
P5-9B
In order to study the photochemical decay of aqueous bromine in bright sun- light, a
small quantity of liquid bromine was dissolved in water conwined in a glass battery jar
and placed in direct sunlight. The following data were obtained at 25 :

Time
10 20 30 40 50 60
(min)

ppm Br2 2.45 1.74 1.23 0.88 0.62 0.44

(a) Determine whether the reaction rate is zero. first. or second order in bromine, and
calculate the reaction rate constant in units of your choice.

(b) Assuming identical exposure conditions. calculate the required hourIy rate of injection
of bromine (in pounds) into a sunlit body of water, 25.000 gal in volume, in order to
maintain a sterilizing level of bromine of 1.0 ppm. (Ans.: 0.43 Iblh)

(c) What experimental conditions would you suggest if you were to obtain more data'?

(Note: ppm = parts of bromine per million parts of brominated water by weight. In dilute
aqueous solutions, 1 ppm = 1 milligram per liter.) (From California Professional
Engineers Exam.)

Diketahui :
Analisa fotokemikal bromine Br2 dengan cahaya matahari pada glass battery jar,
T = 25
Time
10 20 30 40 50 60
(min)

ppm Br2 2.45 1.74 1.23 0.88 0.62 0.44

Ditanya :
 a) orde reaksi , dan koef raksi k
b) laju injeksi Br2 ke air untuk menghasilkan komposisi bromine 1 ppm
c) saran kondisi ekperimental untuk mendapatkan ata yang lebih banyak

Jawab :

Algoritma step dalam menganalisis rate data:

1. Postulate a rate law (postulasi rate law)

2. Select reactor type and corresponding mole balance (memilih
tipe rekator, dan neraca mol yang sesuai)
3. Process the data in terms of measured variable (memproses data
dalam variable terukur)
4. Look for simplifications (menyederhanakan)
5. Analyze the rate law model (menganalisa rate law)

Solusi A

1) Reaksi :

Br2 Product
Sun light

2) Rekasi homogen, rate law:

Power law

r A=k C A
3) Jenis rekator: Batch Reaktor

Mole
balance :
d C A
r A=
A Product dt

4) Perhitungan : dengan Differential Method

 Data eksperimen berupa : CA vs. time
d C A
Menggabungkan mol balance constant volume: r A=
dt
,
dengan power law: r A=k C A , sehingga didapatkan natural
log

C
( A)

ln ( ddtC )=ln(r )=ln k ln

A
A

5) Mengolah data dengan model grafik

x (t y (CA) dlt x dlt y - dlt
menit) y/dlt x
10 2.45
10 0 0
20 1.74
10 -0.71 0.071
30 1.23
10 -0.51 0.051
40 0.88
10 -0.35 0.035
50 0.62
10 -0.26 0.026
60 0.44
10 -0.18 0.018

C A
Memplot data menjadi grafik vs time,
t
 Membuat garis melengkung yang membagi area tiap balok
histogram yang mendekati sama, lalu mendapatkan nilai
d C A
( dt)
 x (t y (CA x y - y/d d C A
menit) ppm) x dt
10 2.45 0.082
10 0 0
20 1.74 0.061
10 -0.71 0.071
30 1.23 0.042
10 -0.51 0.051
40 0.88 0.030
10 -0.35 0.035
50 0.62 0.0225

10 -0.26 0.026
60 0.44 0.013 Me
10 -0.18 0.018
mb

dCA
uat grafik dengan data ln ( vs ln CA
dt
min
ln -dy/dx Ca ln Ca
dy/dx
0.082 -2.501 2.450 0.896
0.061 -2.797 1.740 0.554
0.042 -3.170 1.230 0.207
0.030 -3.507 0.880 -0.128
0.023 -3.794 0.620 -0.478
0.013 -4.343 0.620 -0.478
 ln (-dCa/dt) vs ln Ca
0.000
-1.000 -0.500 0.000 0.500 1.000
-0.500
-1.000
-1.500 ln (-dCa/dt) vs ln Ca
-2.000 Linear (ln (-dCa/dt) vs ln
Ca)
-2.500
f(x) = -3.000
1.04x - 3.39
R = 0.99
-3.500
-4.000
-4.500
-5.000

Mendapatkan persamaan garis linear dari plot di atas , dengan slope = 1.043 dan
intercept = -3.392
=orde reaksi=slope=1.04 1
ln k =intercept=3.392
0.0336
k =e3.392=
min
Solusi B

1) Mole balance Batch reactor

In Out + Gen = Acc
dNA
FA 0 + rA.V =
dt

2) Asumsi steady state

NA = NBr2 = 1 ppm konstan, Acc = 0

3) Mole balance menjadi

r A=k C A
F A =k CA V

Solusi C

Untuk reaksi di dekomposisi photochemical larutan bromine dalam sistem dengan

volume tetap dan menggunakan reactor batch, maka untuk memperoleh data yang lebih
banyak, kita dapat melakukan beberapa hal :
1. Memperbesar konsentrasi awal (CA). Dengan konsentrasi awal yang lebih
besar, maka kita dapat mengamati perubahan reaksi peluruhan dalam rentang perubahan
konsentrasi yang lebih besar.
2. Mempersingkat waktu step sampling. Dengan memperbanyak jumlah sampling
data (dari per 10 menit, menjadi 5 menit; atau sebagainya) maka kita akan mendapat
jumlah data yang lebih banyak.
3. Mengubah satuan dari variable yang diukur. Dalam hal ini, mengubah satuan
dari ppm (part per million) menjadi ppb (part per billion). Hal ini tidak akan
mempengaruhi nilai pengukuran, tapi hanya merubah satuan, yang secara langsung akan
memperbanyak rentang pengambilan data. Semakin kecil satuan yang digunakan, kita
mampu mengamati perubahan sekecil mungkin dan mendapatkan data lebih banyak.
P5-12A
Diketahui :

Variasi Konsentrasi NO2 : 700 ppm, 1896 ppm, 3050 ppm

Suhu Operasi : T1 = 300oC
T2 = 250 oC
T3 = 200 oC
Reaktor : CSTR
Asumsi : -rA = k CnA

Ditanya :
Apa yang dapat anda simpulkan tentang orde reaksi berdasarkan variasi suhu tersebut?

Jawab :
Persamaan untuk reaktor CSTR adalah :
F A0 X
V=
r A
Substitusikan rA sehingga menjadi :
F A0 X Vk C nA
V= X=
k C nA F A0
Lalu, dengan memasukkan n=0 sebagai orde nol persamaan akan menjadi :
V
X= k
F A0
V
Sehingga didapatkan hubungan linearitas antara X dengan , dan dapat dikatakan
F A0
bahwa orde reaksi adalah orde nol. Ketika reaksi orde nol maka konsentrasi tidak
mempengaruhi kecepatan laju reaksi.

P5 -13b
Microelectronic devices are formed by first forming SiO2 on a silicon wafer by chemical
vapor deposition (Figure PS-13). This procedure is followed by coating the SiO2, with a
polymer called a photoresist. The pattern of the electronic circuit Is then placed on the
polymer and the sample is irradiated with ultraviolet light. If the polymer is a positive
photoresist, the sections that were irradiated will dissolve in the appropriate solvent, and
those sections not irradiated will protect the SiO2, from further treatment. The wafer is
then exposed to strong acids. such as HF which etch (i.e.. dissolve) the exposed SIO2. It
is extremely important to know the kinetics of the reaction so that the proper depth of the
channel can be achieved. The dissolution reaction is

From the following initial rate data, determine the rate law.

A total of 1000 thin wafer chips are to be placed in 0.5 dm3 of 20% HF. If a spiral
channel 10 mikro m wide and 10 m in length were to be etched to a depth of 50 mikro m
on both sides of each wafer, how long should the chips be left in the solution? Asume that
the solution is well mixed. (Ans: 330 min)
SOLUTION
Known data:
Mr SiO2 = 60 HF = 20
n = 1000
V of HF = 0.5 dm3
Weight fraction HF= 20%
L of HF = 10 m
Wide of HF = 10 . 10-6 m
Depth of wafer = 50 . 10-6 m
Asked: t for reaction ?

Equation for Ns and NF:

A
Ns= c s
MWs
wV
N F=
100 M W F

Assume the rate law

r s=k C F
Write the mole balance for well mixed solution
d Ns
=r s V
dt

Ac s d wV

M W s dt
=k
(
100 VM W F )
V

kM W S
d
dt
= (
100 Ac S M W F )
V w

d
= w
dt
ln ( d
dt )
=ln + ln w

Change the data on the given table

-16.6289 -15.425 -14.326 -13.815 -13.479

ln ( d
dt )
ln w 2.079 2.996 3.496 3.688 3.871

Find the value of and using linear regression from the graph

y = 1.775x 20.46

= 1.775
ln = -20.46
= 1.3011 . 10-9

Find the value of k using equation

kM W S
=
100 A c S ( MWF) V

1.775
10 6
1.301110 = 9 k60
1001.775( 101061021000 )2.32106 20 ( ) 0.0005

k =3.258 .107
Find the final concentration of HF
A
Ns= c s
MWs

0.22.3210 650106
NS=
60

N S =0.3867

Moles of HF that reacted: 6 x 0.3867 =2.32

Initial moles of HF:
 wV
N F=
100 M W F

2011060.0005
N F=
10020

N F =5

52.32
Final concentration of HF : 0.2=0.107=10.7
5

Find t to convert the initial concentration HF to the final concentration

52.32
Final concentration of HF : 0.2=0.107=10.7
5
dNF dNS
Mole balance for HF: =6
dt dt

V dw w
100 M W F dt
=6 k
(
100 M W F
V
)
10.7 0.775 t
dw

20 w
1.775
=6 k
(
100 M W F ) dt
0

0.775
106
1
( )1 10.7
0.775 w 0.775 20
=6 ( ( ) t
3.258107
)
20100
6 0.775
=6 ( 3.25810 ) (
20100 )
1 1 1 10
(
0.775 10.7
)
0.775
20
0.775
7
t

t=327.10 min