Copyright 2017 by UNISKA Press.

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,
or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the
publisher and the writers.
This is a copyrighted work and UNISKA Press and its writers reserve all rights in and to
the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the
Copyright policy the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not
decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works
based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any
part of it without the publishers and the writers prior consent.

First printed 2017

The team of writers

Angga Prasongko, M.Pd
Irwan Sulistanyo, M.Pd
M. Syaichul Muchyidin
Pritantina Yuni Lestari, M.Pd

Published by:

UNISKA Press
JL. Sersan Suharmaji 38 Manisrenggo
Kota Kediri

In collaboration with

Language Center UNISKA Kediri

ii
 PREFACE

The book is structured as a reference for students and readers who want to understand and
improve TOEIC score. Nowadays TOEIC is a requirement for students and readers wanting
mapping English language skills in the workplace.
This book is an early article that will be developed, revised and refined to achieve sufficient
depth and breadth as a learning resource for students and readers. simplicity of language and
discussion of the advantages that the author wants to serve so that the reader can easily
understand and work on the problems together with the discussion presented.
Raising Your TOEIC Score book contains five units, namely: Mini-Test, Listening,
Grammar, Reading and Practice Skill. Each unit will be reviewed how the example of
discussion, the trick of doing the test and examples of problems.
Eventually, while waiting for significant feedback from all parties, we would like to express
sincere gratitude to our colleagues for the wonderful work. Fantastic. Your work has been
invaluable. May the availability of the book contribute significantly to whom in need.

The writers

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE
TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIT 1 MINI TEST

Mini Test 1 1
Mini Test 2 11

UNIT 2 LISTENING SKILL

TOEIC Listening Format 18
Photographs 18
Questions response 21
Short Conversation 22
Short Talks 25
Handout 28

UNIT 3 Grammar Skill

Verb Tense 45
Subject Verb Agreement 53
Word Families 59
Count and Non-Count Nouns 61
Comparative and Superlative 64
Adverbs of Frequency 69
Word Choice 71
Prepositions 73
Unnecessary Words 79
Pronouns 81
Conjunctions 85
Conditionals 89
Exercises 92

iv
UNIT 4 READING SKILL
The Materials of Reading Section in TOEIC 101
Tips and Tricks in Doing Reading Test of TOEIC 102
Part of Reading TOEIC 102
Incomplete Sentences 102
Text Completion 104
Reading Comprehension 105

UNIT 5 PRACTICE SKILL

MODEL TEST 1 114
MODEL TEST 2 130

REFERENCES 158

v
vi
 UNIT
1

TOEIC MINI TEST

Raising your TOEIC Score

MINI TEST 1
ENGLISH FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
(TOEIC)
Listening
In the Listening section, you will be asked to demonstrate how well you understand spoken
English. The entire Listening test will last approximately 45 minutes. There are four parts, and
directions are given for each part. You must mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Do
not write your answers in the test book.

PART 1

Directions: For each question in this part, you will hear four statements about a picture in your test
book. When you hear the statements, you must select the one statement that best describes what
you see in the picture. Then find the number of the question on your answer sheet and mark your
answer. The statements will not be printed in your test book and will be spoken only one time.

Listen to the statements: Now listen to the four statements

(A) Theyre leaving the room
(B) Theyre turning on the machine
(C) Theyre standing near the table
(D) Theyre reading the newspaper
Statement (C), Theyre standing near the table is the best description of the picture, so you
should select answer (C) and mark it on your answer sheet.

1. 2.

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 Raising your TOEIC Score

PART 2
Directions: You will hear a question or statement and three responses spoken in English. They will
be spoken only one time and will not be printed in your test book. Select the best response to the
question or statement and mark the letter (A), (B), or (C) on your answer sheet.
You will hear: Where is the meeting room?
You will also hear:
(A) To meet the new director.
(B) Its the first room on the right.
(C) Yes, at two oclock.

The best response to the question Where is the meeting room? is choice (B), Its the first room
on the right so (B) is the correct answer. You should mark answer (B) on your answer sheet.
11. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 14. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
12. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 15. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
13. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 16. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.

PART 3
Directions: You will hear some conversations between two people. You will be asked to answer
three questions about what the speakers say in each conversation. Select the best response to each
question and mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet. The conversations will be
spoken only one time and will not be printed in your test book.
41. What are the speakers discussing?
(A) Their homes
(B) Their jobs
(C) Their travel plans
(D) Their favorite cities

42. What does the man want to do?

(A) Get a new job
(B) Visit another city
(C) Find a larger apartment
(D) Move to the country

43. What can be inferred about the woman?

(A) Her house is very small.
(B) She thinks the city is exciting.
(C) Her job is very difficult.
(D) She lives outside the city.

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Raising your TOEIC Score

44. Why did the man telephone the woman?

(A) To check on his order
(B) To arrange a delivery time
(C) To cancel his order
(D) To change his order

45. What is the man waiting to receive?

(A) A computer desk
(B) A catalog
(C) Some recording equipment
(D) Some music

46. What does the woman ask for?

(A) The man's telephone number
(B) The man's name
(C) The reference number for the order
(D) The date the order was placed

PART 4
Directions: You will hear some short talks given by a single speaker. You will be asked to answer
three questions about what the speaker says in each short talk. Select the best response to each
question and mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet. The talks will be spoken
only one time and will not be printed in your test book.
71. Where is this announcement being made?
(A) At a train station
(B) At a travel agents office
(C) At an airport
(D) At a coffee shop

72. What is the weather like in Hong Kong?

(A) It is foggy
(B) It is clear
(C) It is snowing lightly
(D) It is stormy

73. What time of day is this announcement being made?

(A) Morning
(B) Afternoon
(C) Evening
(D) Late night

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 Raising your TOEIC Score

74. What is the main purpose of this talk?

(A) To introduce speakers at a workshop
(B) To announce changes to a schedule
(C) To outline registration procedures
(D) To propose a new workshop

75. What does the speaker say about the workshops?

(A) There may be waiting lists for the workshops.
(B) The workshops are free.
(C) The registration forms will be mailed.
(D) People should register early for the workshops.

76. Which workshop has been canceled?

(A) Cooking for Health
(B) Exercise for Seniors
(C) Family Nutrition
(D) Childrens Fitness

This is the end of the Listening test.

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Raising your TOEIC Score

READING

PART 5
Directions: A word or phrase is missing in each of the sentences below. Four answer choices are
given below each sentence. Select the best answer to complete the sentence. Then mark the letter
(A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet.
101. Register early if you would like to attend next Tuesdays ------- on project management.
(A) seminar
(B) reason
(C) policy
(D) scene

102. Paul Brown resigned last Monday from his position as ------- executive of the company.
(A) fine
(B) chief
(C) front
(D) large

103. The financial audit of Soft Peach Software ------- completed on Wednesday by a certified
accounting firm.
(A) to be
(B) having been
(C) was
(D) were

104. The organizers of the trip reminded participants to ------- at the steps of the city hall at 2:00
P.M.
(A) see
(B) combine
(C) meet
(D) go

105. ------- is no better season than winter to begin training at Silvers Fitness Center.
(A) When
(B) It
(C) There
(D) As it

106. The recent worldwide increase in oil prices has led to a ------- demand for electric vehicles.
(A) greater
(B) greatest
(C) greatly
(D) greatness
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 Raising your TOEIC Score

107. Maria Vsquez has a wide range of experience, ------- worked in technical, production, and
marketing positions.
(A) having
(B) has
(C) having had
(D) had

108. Tickets will not be redeemable for cash or credit at any time, ------- will they be replaced if
lost or stolen.
(A) but
(B) though
(C) only
(D) nor

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Raising your TOEIC Score

PART 6
Directions: Read the texts on the following pages. A word or phrase is missing in some of the
sentences. Four answer choices are given below each of these sentences. Select the best answer to
complete the text. Then mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet.

Questions 141-144 refer to the following letter

Ms. Monica Eisenman

555 King Street
Auckland
New Zealand

Dear Ms. Eisenman:

I am 141 ------- to confirm our offer of part-time employment at Western Enterprises. In
(A) pleased
(B) pleasing
(C) pleasant
(D) pleasure
your role as research assistant, you will report to Dr. Emma Walton, who will keep you
informed of your specific duties and projects. Because you will be working with
confidential information, you will be expected to 142 ------- the enclosed employee
(A) follow
(B) advise
(C) imagine
(D) require
code-of-ethics agreement. As we discussed, you will be paid twice a month 143 -------
(A) accords
(B) according
(C) according to
(D) accordance with
the companys normal payroll schedule. As an hourly employee working fewer than
twenty hours per week, you will not be 144 ------- to receive paid holidays, paid time off
(A) tolerable
(B) liberal
(C) eligible
(D) expressed
for illness or vacation, or other employee benefits. Your employment status will be
reviewed in six months.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me. Otherwise, please sign and
return one copy of this letter. You may keep the second copy for your files. We look
forward to working with you.
Sincerely,
Christopher Webster
Human Resources
8 Enclosures
 Raising your TOEIC Score

PART 7
Directions: In this part you will read a selection of texts, such as magazine and newspaper articles,
letters, and advertisements. Each text is followed by several questions. Select the best answer for
each question and mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet.

Questions 156-159 refer to the following article.

The new economy has created great business opportunities as well as great turmoil. Not since
the Industrial Revolution have the stakes of dealing with change been so high. Most traditional
organizations have accepted, in theory at least, that they must make major changes. Even large
new companies recognize that they need to manage the changes associated with rapid
entrepreneurial growth. Despite some individual successes, however, this remains difficult, and
few companies manage the process as well as they would like. Most companies have begun by
installing new technology, downsizing, restructuring, or trying to change corporate culture, and
most have had low success rates. About 70 percent of all change initiatives fail.
The reason for most of these failures is that in their rush to change their organizations, managers
become mesmerized by all the different, and sometimes conflicting, advice they receive about
why companies should change, what they should try to accomplish, and how they should do it.
The result is that they lose focus and fail to consider what would work best for their own
company. To improve the odds of success, it is imperative that executives understand the nature
and process of corporate change much better.
Most companies use a mix of both hard and soft change strategies. Hard change results in drastic
layoffs, downsizing, and restructuring. Soft change is based on internal organizational changes
and the gradual development of a new corporate culture through individual and organization
learning. Both strategies may be successful, but it is difficult to combine them effectively.
Companies that are able to do this can reap significant payoffs in productivity and profitability.

156. What is the article mainly about?

(A) Corporate marketing plans
(B) New developments in technology
(C) Ways for companies to increase profits
(D) How companies try to adapt to new conditions

157. The word manage in paragraph 1, line 6, is closest in meaning to

(A) correct
(B) attract
(C) handle
(D) regulate

158. According to the article, why do so many attempts to change fail?

(A) Soft change and hard change are different.
(B) Executives are interested only in profits.
(C) The best methods are often not clear.
(D) Employees usually resist change.

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Raising your TOEIC Score

159. What is soft change based on?

(A) Changes in the corporate culture
(B) Reductions in company size
(C) Relocating businesses
(D) Financial markets

Questions 160-164 refer to the following memo.

MEMO
To : All employees
From : K. Osafo (Director, Personnel
Date : November 23, 20
Subject : Charitable Leave

The corporation is pleased to announce a new policy which will allow employees to take
paid time off for volunteer activities. Employees may take up to eigh hours of paid leave per
month to volunteer for charity organizations. Employees are eligible for this program if they
are full time and have been employed here for at least one year. Charitable leave must be
requested in advance; otherwise, employees will not be paid for that time. Charitable leave
must also be approved by the employees supervisor.

160. What does the new policy allow employees to do?

A. Take paid leave during pregnancy
B. Have more holiday
C. Get paid for volunteer work
D. Go home early

161. How much time may an employee take under this program?
A. One hour per week
B. Three our per week
C. Six hour per month
D. Eight hour per month

162. The world eligible in line 7 is closest in meaning to

A. Qualified
B. Prevented
C. Encouraged
D. Recommended

163. What must an employee do to get paid for time off?

A. Get the permission of the charity
B. Leave work for one day
C. Fill out an absence
D. Ask his or her supervisor in advance

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 Raising your TOEIC Score

MINI TEST 2
ENGLISH FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
(TOEIC)

Listening
In the Listening section, you will be asked to demonstrate how well you understand spoken
English. The entire Listening test will last approximately 45 minutes. There are four parts, and
directions are given for each part. You must mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Do
not write your answers in the test book.

PART 1

Directions: For each question in this part, you will hear four statements about a picture in your test
book. When you hear the statements, you must select the one statement that best describes what
you see in the picture. Then find the number of the question on your answer sheet and mark your
answer. The statements will not be printed in your test book and will be spoken only one time.

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Raising your TOEIC Score

PART 2
Directions: You will hear a question or statement and three responses spoken in English. They will
be spoken only one time and will not be printed in your test book. Select the best response to the
question or statement and mark the letter (A), (B), or (C) on your answer sheet.
You will hear: Where is the meeting room?
You will also hear:
(A) To meet the new director.
(B) Its the first room on the right.
(C) Yes, at two oclock.

The best response to the question Where is the meeting room? is choice (B), Its the first room
on the right so (B) is the correct answer. You should mark answer (B) on your answer sheet.
11. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 14. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
12. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 15. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
13. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 16. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.

PART 3
Directions: You will hear some conversations between two people. You will be asked to answer
three questions about what the speakers say in each conversation. Select the best response to each
question and mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet. The conversations will be
spoken only one time and will not be printed in your test book.

41. What do the speakers want to do ? 44. What is the appointment for?
A. Play in the snow A. A medical checkup
B. Gp to the theater B. A sales meeting
C. See in art show C. A possible presentation
D. Run in the park D. A job interview

42. Why cant they go after work? 45. What time is the appointment for?
A. It will be dark A. 8:30
B. Theres nowhere to park B. 9:00
C. They have to catch a plane C. 10:00
D. They dont have warm clothes D. 10:30

43. When will they go? 46. Where will the appointment take place ?
A. Saturday A. In the mans office
B. Sunday B. At the scheduled time
C. Monday C. Ten minutes
D. Tuesday D. At ten past nine

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 Raising your TOEIC Score

PART 4
Directions: You will hear some short talks given by a single speaker. You will be asked to answer
three questions about what the speaker says in each short talk. Select the best response to each
question and mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet. The talks will be spoken
only one time and will not be printed in your test book.
71. What is wrong with the number that 74. What is wrong with the water supply ?
was dialed? A. There is no water
A. It is the wrong number B. The water tastes
B. It is not working C. The water is contaminated
C. It has an answering machine D. The water is rusted
D. It has a busy signal

72. Who will help you if you stay on the 75. How can residents make the water safe ?
line? A. Boil it
A. A repair person B. Freeze it
B. An operator C. Put tablets in it
C. A customer service representative D. Let sediment settle before drinking
D. A telephone executive

73. How much will you have to pay for 76. What can people do to get more
help ? information ?
A. Five cents a minutes A. Visit an office
B. Seventeen cents a minute B. Read a brochure
C. Seventy cents a minutes C. Listen the radio
D. Seventy-five cents a minute D. Call a phone number

READING
PART 5
Directions: A word or phrase is missing in each of the sentences below. Four answer choices are
given below each sentence. Select the best answer to complete the sentence. Then mark the letter
(A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet.
101. When the contracts ready, have them sent to the purchaser.
A. Am
B. Is
C. Are
D. Be

102. The of the new building will start next month

A. Constructive
B. Construction
C. Construct
D. Constructed
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Raising your TOEIC Score

103. The stapler is the desk

A. On
B. Through
C. Into
D. Without

104. Mr. Selvas delivered the bid to the client.

A. Seals
B. Seal
C. Sealing
D. Sealed

105. Is your flight is delayed, me from the airport.

A. Calling
B. Will call
C. Call
D. Called

106. The airport taxes are in the ticket price

A. Including
B. Include
C. Ben included
D. Included

107. Ms. Najar wants to the cost by tonight

A. Final
B. Finalize
C. Finally
D. Finality

108. A computer is than a typewriter

A. More efficient
B. Most efficient
C. The most efficient
D. The more efficient

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 Raising your TOEIC Score

PART 6

Directions: Read the texts on the following pages. A word or phrase is missing in some of the
sentences. Four answer choices are given below each of these sentences. Select the best answer to
complete the text. Then mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet.

Questions 141 143 refer to the following advertisement

Are you tired of paying to much for office supplies? Its time to stop throwing your money away
on overpriced products. Meades Paper Store offers top quality office product at . Prices.
We supplay all your paper needs and also stock writing utensils, 141. A. easy
B. bergain
C. retail
D. top
computers and computer supplies, office furniture, and more! Theres .. reason to shop
142. A. no one
B. none
C. not
D. no
anywhere else. Meades has it all. We have two convenient locations! Visit our main store
downtown next to City Hall, or our new branch in the Valley Shopping Mall. advantage
143. A. Take
B. Taking
C. To Take
D. Can take
of this weeks special: all paper goods are 20% off now through Saturday. When you visit, dont
forget to ask about frequent shopper program.

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Raising your TOEIC Score

PART 7
Directions: In this part you will read a selection of texts, such as magazine and newspaper articles,
letters, and advertisements. Each text is followed by several questions. Select the best answer for
each question and mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet.

Questions 153-154 refer to the following notice.

ATTENTION! RIDERS
- Pay exact fare when boarding the bus. Drivers cannot make change
- Upon boarding the bus, move toward the rear of the bus. Stand in the passanger area, not
in the doorways or besides the driver.
- Allow senior citizens and disabled riders to use the priority seating area at the front of the
bus.
- No music without earphone
- Eating, drinking, and smoking are not allowed on the bus

153. What does this passage discuss? 154. Who is entitled to use the priority
A. Rules for riding bus seating area?
B. Safety concerns A. Mother and children
C. Bus routes and fares B. Elderly and handicapped people
D. Problems of the bus service C. Bus company employees
D. Riders who pay extra

Questions 155-156 refer to the following chart.

Result of Study on Time Distribution of Tasks for sales Managers

- Training new sales personnel 15%
- Identifying possible clients 10%
- Reviewing monthly sales records 25%
- Taking care of customer problems 5%
- Making sales assignments 22%
- Interacting whit technical staff 10%
- Administrative duties 5%
- Miscellaneous 8%

155. What task do sales manager spend 156.How much of their time do sales
the most time on? managers spend with the technical staff?
A. Training salespeople A. 5 %
B. Performing administrative task B. 8 %
C. Reviewing sales records C. 10 %
D. Making sales assignment D. 15 %

16
 UNIT

2
LISTENING SKILL
Raising your TOEIC Score

TOEIC Listening Overview

TOEIC Listening Format

The Listening section of the classic and TOEIC Listening and Reading Test is paper-
and-pencil based, and lasts about 45 minutes. It contains 100 questions, divided into four parts:

Part Content Old Test New Test

1 Photographs 20 questions 10 questions

2 Question-Response 30 questions 30 questions

30 questions 30 questions (10 conv.,

3 Short Conversations
(30 conv., 1 question each) 3 questions each)

20 items
30 questions
4 Short Talks (6-9 talks, 3-4 questions
(10 talks, 3 questions each)
each)

Remember also that in the listening section of the TOEIC Listening and Reading Test, you will
hear a variety of accents American, Canadian, Australian and British so you must practice
listening to and understanding all of these. The following TOEIC listening tips and strategies
will help you beware of test traps, and direct you to the right answer. Remember, it is possible
to get a score of 100% in the listening section. Many students have done so before you, and
you can too, so keep your eyes and ears open and your motivation high.

Photographs
In this part, you see a photograph and hear four statements about it. The photo itself
may portray people, things, actions and locations. You must select the sentence which best
describes what you see in the picture. You hear the sentences only once, and must make your
choice immediately after that, or else you'll miss hearing information related to the next picture.

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 Raising your TOEIC Score

Photographs Tips
In the first part of the TOEIC listening section, you will see photographs and then be
asked to select a sentence which best describes the pictures. The key to doing well is to read
each of the four options carefully. The three incorrect answers may have:
Words that sounds similar but are in fact different
The right words used inaccurately
The right words used in a confusing manner
Answers that are only partially true
Words that refer to a context other than the one shown in the picture
Words related to, but not in the picture
The best way to approach these questions is to scan the picture completely and identify what's
happening, just like a journalist or a spy. Ask yourself: who, what, where, why? Listen for any
words that are stressed, as they may hold a clue.

Photographs Strategies
This strategy divides into two big things. The photograph will provide the pictures and
the tester should choose the best choice for the description. There are two strategies that should
be mastered by the tester. The following is the explanation.

Pictures with No People

Some photos do not have people in themthey may only show objects or a location. With
these photos, it is very likely that the correct answer will focus on either:
a) The physical relationship between things you see. Is a book ON the table or UNDER
the table? Therefore, listen for Prepositions that accurately describe the relationship
between different things you can see in the Photograph.
b) The physical condition of a thing you see. Is the table CLEAN or MESSY? Therefore,
also listen for Adjectives that accurately describe the condition of things you can see
in the Photograph. The most common Adjectives used to describe Photographs are
words similar to neat or its opposite, disorganized.

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Raising your TOEIC Score

Example:

a. The cups are under the glasses. WRONG - They are next to the glasses.
b. The cups are arranged in a circle. WRONG They are in rows.
c. The chairs are lined up next to the window. WRONG - They are not in a line.
d. The cups are lined up on the table. CORRECT

Avoiding Extreme Inferences

A common wrong answer choice in the Photographs section of the TOEIC is the
Extreme Inference. An inference is a conclusion that you can make, using clues seen in the
picture. However, in the TOEIC, the test will try and trick you into picking a wrong answer
because it could be true. Be very careful! Unless there are many clues that support an
inference, it will be a wrong answer!
Remember:
Correct answers will rarely talk about what happened in the past.
Correct answers will not predict what will happen in the future.
The correct answer will describe what can clearly be seen in the picture.
Answer Choices a) & b) are wrong because even
Example:
a. They are studying for a test. WRONG
b. They are working on a report. WRONG
c. They are sitting at the table. WRONG
d. They are standing next to the table. CORRECT
though it is possible they are studying for a test or
working on a report, there are no clues that the
paper is a test or report.

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 Raising your TOEIC Score

Question-Response
In this part, you may be asked a question about almost any subject related to people,
events, location, time, emotions, reasons, opinions or activities. You need to choose the answer
that makes sense.

Question-Response Tips
In the second part of the TOEIC listening section, you will be asked a question about
almost anything and you need to choose a suitable answer. The trick here is to watch out for:
Words that sound similar but have different meanings
WH- questions - who what, when, where, why, what - that need logical answers
Questions with question tags
Yes / no questions which may have no direct yes / no answers
To do well, keep the question clearly in mind as you scan the possible answers. Choose the
one that makes the greatest sense. If in doubt, guess. You won't lose points.

Question-Response Strategies
In this Part, you will be heard a Question or Statement about a business topic. It is
followed by three Responses. You need to choose the one Response that makes sense.

Question-Response Strategy #1
Word Repetition
In English, people do not normally repeat Key Words in their response to a question.
Example:
Question: Where did you put the report?
You would NOT normally answer this question with:
Incorrect Response: I put the report on the table.
In English, you would normally say:
Correct Response: I put it on the table. or On the table.

However, the ONLY time you will normally hear a Key Word repeated in a Response on
the TOEIC is when the Response is asking for MORE information about a Key Word.
Example:
Question: Where did you put the report?

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Raising your TOEIC Score

Correct Response: Which report? Notice that this Response is actually a Question, too!
Therefore, if you hear an Answer Choice that repeats a Key Word from the Question
(unless the Response is Question itself) it is (99% of the time) going to be a wrong answer.

Question-Response Strategy #2
Answering Questions with Yes or No
In English, you normally cannot answer WH-Questions (questions that begin with
when, where, what, why, who or how) with yes or no.

However, for some questions that begin with when, you CAN answer with a yes or no!
Example:
Question: When you get to the office, can you email me the Johnson report?
Correct Response: Sure! or Yes, Ill do it first thing.

For questions where you would expect a Yes or No response, sometimes you will not hear
yes or noinstead, you might hear a response that explains WHY the speaker cannot give
a yes or no response.
Example:
Question: Can you take the boss to tomorrows meeting?
Correct Response: Ill have to ask my supervisor.

Also, you do not need to hear yes or no in a response to a Yes/No Question.

Example:
Question: Can you take the boss to tomorrows meeting?
Correct Response: I would be happy to.

Short Conversation
In this part, you hear a short dialogue, followed by a brief general question about the
conversation. You then must choose from four possible answers, which may be related to an
activity, location, relationship, or emotion of the speakers.

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Short Conversation Tips

In the third part, you will hear a short dialogue and then be asked a question about what
you have heard. You need to use your short-term memory well. The best strategies are to
beware of:
Similar-sounding words
Inaccurate words
Confused word order
Words that change the meaning
Negative words (hardly, not, etc.)
Words associated with time (always, never, etc.)
It will help if you can read the question, and possibly even the answers, before you hear the
dialogue. Check all the options and don't choose too quickly. Try and picture the speakers and
where they are.

Short Conversation Strategies

In this Part, you will hear a short dialogue (almost ALWAYS between a man and a
woman), followed by three Questions about the dialogue. Each Question has four possible
Answer Choices.

Short Conversation Strategy #1

Wrong Speaker, Wrong Action
When answering Questions, pay close attention to WHO the Question is asking
aboutis the Question about the male speaker, the female speaker, or a different person who
is the topic of the Conversation?
Some wrong Answer Choices will try to trick you by giving information that is about a different
person.
Example:
In a dialogue, the MAN says that he went to the mall with his wife yesterday and the
WOMAN says she visited her brother yesterday.

To answer the Question:

Question: What did the woman do yesterday?
A. She went to the mall. WRONG

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Sample Short Conversation:

Man: Can you help me with this report? Im having a hard time formatting it.
Woman: Well, I dont know much about that program youre using, but Robert might be more
help. Hes great at making documents look their best. He knows how to fix reports up quick.
Man: Thanks! Ill give him a call right now. My deadline for it is tomorrows meeting.
Woman: Oh no, that reminds meI need print my report for a meeting in an hour!

Question: What will the man do next?

A. He will print a report. WRONG - The woman will print a report
B. He will help Robert. WRONG - The man will get help from Robert
C. He will report for a meeting. WRONG - The woman will print a report
D. He will call Robert. CORRECT
Notice that in Answer Choice C) that report is used as a verb, while in the conversation it
is a noun. This is another very common trick!
B. She saw her brother. CORRECT
C. She visited the mans wife. WRONG
D. She saw her friend. WRONG
Even though you heard went to the mall and wife, that is information about the MAN, not
the WOMAN.

Short Conversation Strategy #2

Similar-Sounding Words
Another common trick used on the TOEIC is for a wrong Answer Choice to use a word
that sounds similar to a word you heard in the conversation. You can use the Context of the
conversation to help you decide which is more likely the correct Answer Choice.
Sample Short Conversation:
Man: Can you help me with this report? Im having a hard time formatting it.
Woman: Well, I dont know much about that program youre using, but Robert might be more
help. Hes great at making documents look their best. He knows how to fix reports up quick.
Man: Thanks! Ill give him a call right now. My deadline for it is tomorrows meeting.
Woman: Oh no, that reminds meI need print my report for a meeting in an hour!

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Question: What is Robert good at doing?

A. He is good at taking a rest. WRONG - rest vs. best the conversation is not about
taking a break
B. He is good at faxing reports. WRONG - fax vs. fix the conversation is not about
faxing
C. He is great at making a mess. WRONG - mess vs. best the conversation is not
about a mess
D. He formats documents well. CORRECT

Short Talks
In this part, you hear a short monologue such as a weather forecast, announcement or
bulletin. You then need to choose an answer related to the speaker, location, time, reason, or
event.

Short Talks Tips

In the fourth part of the listening section, you will hear a monologue and then be asked
a question about it. The same precautions should be exercised as in the earlier sections, but you
will need to concentrate more carefully to remember the details. Pay close attention to the
context. Try to read the questions beforehand if you have time, and listen to the entire talk
before choosing an answer. Use your time wisely or else guess at an answer. Do not get left
behind or lose important information related to the next question.

Short Talks Strategies

In this Part, you will hear a short monologue such as a weather forecast,
announcement or bulletin, followed by three Questions about the monologue. . Each Question
has four possible Answer Choices.

Short Talk STRATEGY #1

Similar Information
In this Part, one of the most common Tricks is to give similarly-phrased information
inside the Talk or Answer Choices, such as months, days of the week (Monday, Friday, etc.),
times of day (morning, afternoon, etc.), or even numbers that sound the same (13, 30, etc.).

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Before the Talk begins, look at the Questions and see if the Answer Choices contain words that
look or sound similar to each other.
Example:
In a Short Talk, you hear the following pieces of information:
30 minutes after our doors open
open at 8 in morning
open till 5
open 7 days a week

Question: What time does the store open?

A. 8:30 WRONG C. 7:00 WRONG
B. 8:00 CORRECT D. 5:00 WRONG

Only open at 8 in the morning answers the Question.

Do you see how the other Answer Choices repeat numbers from the Talk but are
connected to different Events or Actions? If you listen for what Event or Action is connected
with each similarly-phrased piece information, you will be able to avoid most of these Similar
Information Tricks!

Short Talk Strategy #2

Incorrect Paraphrase
Wrong answer will often use words and ideas from the talk but change them slightly,
making them incorrect.
Sample Short Talk:
Woman: Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. I would like to introduce you to our keynote
speaker of this years sales conference. Daniel Oliveri has been a leading voice in the field
of online-marketing over the last four years, developing many innovative strategies which
have become industry standards. Before this, Mr. Oliveri spent a decade in the field of
webpage design, working for numerous blue-chip companies in building websites that are
user-friendly, rich in content, artistically designed, and providing companies with
information to help them better serve their customers. Tonight, he will be speaking on the
theme of this conference: how create a 5-step plan to draw potential customers to your
website through online advertising. Everyone, please join me in welcoming Daniel Oliveri.

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Question: What is will Mr. Oliveri talk about?
A. How to create a blue-chip company.
WRONG - He created webpages at blue-chip companies
B. People who work at blue-chip companies.
WRONG - He worked at a blue-chip company
C. How to speak at sales conferences.
WRONG - He is speaking, but that is not his topic
D. How to use online advertising.
CORRECT

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Handout 1

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Handout 2

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Hand out 3

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Handout 4

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Handout 5

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Handout 6

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Handout 7

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Handout 8

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Handout 9

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Handout 9

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Handout 10

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Handout 11

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 UNIT

3
GRAMMAR SKILL
 Raising your TOEIC Score

VERB TENSE

1. Introduction
Every sentence has a subject and a main verb. Verbs describe what the subject
is doing. To be able to show exactly what the subject does at any time, verbs have
different forms and tenses. In order to speak and write English correctly, it is
necessary to learn the various verb forms and tenses.
2. Learning Hint:
To use verbs accurately, learn the standard verb forms and tenses. Memorize
common irregular verb forms that do not follow standard forms.
Verb Forms
Verbs have five forms:
Form Verb Example Irregular Verb Example
Infinitive walk Run
Past tense walked Ran
Past participle walked Run
Present participle walking Running
-s or -es form walks Runs

Note: The only verb with more than 5 forms is be

Form Verb
Infinitive Be
Past tense was (I / he / she / it); were (we / you / they)
Past participle be, been
Present participle Being
-s / -es form/ present tense Is (he / she / it); Am (I); Are (you / we / they)

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a) Infinitive Form
The infinitive form is the plain or dictionary form. It is used when the verb's
action happens in the present and the subject is a plural noun or the pronouns I, we,
you, or they:
I go to work.
You cook very well.
We live downtown.
They help me.
b) Past Tense Form
The past tense shows the verb's action happened in the past. It is usually made
by adding -d or -ed to the infinitive. The past tense is formed differently for most
irregular verbs:
We lived downtown.
They helped me.
I went to work. (Irregular verb)
c) Past Participle and Present Participle Form
The past participle is used with the verb have (have / has / had) to create the
present and past perfect tenses. The past participle form is also used to modify nouns
and pronouns. One example is the phrase sliced bread.
The past participle is usually the same as the past tense form. Only some
irregular verbs have a past participle that is different than their past tense form.
We have lived downtown.
They have helped me.
I have gone to work. (Irregular verb)
The present participle is made by adding -ing to a verbs infinitive form:
Working
Buying
Eating
The present participle can modify nouns and pronouns. One example is the
phrase running water. When it is used as a noun (example: smoking is bad), the
present participle is known as a gerund. The present participle is also used to create
the progressive tense.

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d) -S Form
The -s form of a verb is made from the infinitive of the verb. This form is used
when the verb's action is in the present and the subject is third-person singular. Third-
person singular is a singular noun (examples: desk, John), or a singular indefinite
pronoun (examples: everybody, someone), or the personal pronouns he / she / it.
How the -s form is made depends on the last letter of the verb:
To Make Third Person
Verb Ending Example
Singular
S add -es Pass - It passes
Sh add es Wish - Everyone wishes
Ch add es Watch - She watches
consonant + y change y to i and add -es Try - He tries
Any other letter add s Drink - He drinks

3. Verb Types
1) Irregular Verbs
Many verbs do not follow the rules to make the different forms. They are
called irregular verbs. No single rule explains how to make their past tense and past
participle forms. The irregular verbs must be memorized. These are some of the
common irregular verbs:
Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle
Choose Chose Chosen
Do Did Done
Drink Drank Drunk
Eat Ate Eaten
Give Gave Given
Forget Forgot Forgotten
Lie Lay Lain
Let Let Let
See Saw Seen
Sleep Slept Slept
Throw Threw Thrown
Write Wrote Written

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2) Helping Verbs
Another important type of verb is the helping or auxiliary verb. Helping verbs
show tense and can show person, number, voice or mood. These verbs combine with a
main verb to form a verb phrase. A main verb is an infinitive, a present participle or
past participle. These are verb phrase examples:
will give
has been working
can go
Some helping verbs combine with main verbs to show time and voice. These
helping verbs are shall, will, have (has / had), do (does / did) and the forms
of be (am / is / are / was / were / been / being):
We will live downtown. We did not live downtown.
They shall help me. They were helped.
I have been working. I had worked.

3) Modal Verbs
Helping verbs such as can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should,
will, and would are used to add extra meaning to main verbs. These helping verbs are
called modals. They show a necessity, possibility, ability, permission, prediction or
responsibility:
You should write that report. We must go.
He can carry heavy objects. I might leave.

The helping verb do (does) or its past tense did is used together with the
infinitive of a verb to ask questions, make the negative form, or to show added
importance:
Does she work this week? Do they go to school?
Where does he live? Where did they live?
She does not sleep well. She did not sleep well.
You do work every day. He does run on weekends.

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4. Verb Tenses
Tense shows the time of a verbs action or being. There are three verb
tenses: simple, perfect, and progressive. Each tense has past, present and
future forms.
Note: Because tense shows time, a time word in a sentence helps to decide what tense
is being used. Most time words can only go with a certain tense. These are some
examples:
Present Past Future Progressive
Often yesterday tomorrow now
every hour / day / week last week / month next week / month today
every month/year last year next year this month
Usually amount of time + ago in + amount of for + amount of
time time
Sometimes
Today
for + amount of time
a) Simple Tense
The simple tenses show that an action or state of being is past, present, or
future. The present tense shows action that is happening now as a person speaks or
writes. The present tense is also used to describe actions that are factual or habitual
(commonly repeated over a period of time). The present tense uses the verbs infinitive
or the -s form for third person singular subject.
The past tense shows action that has finished as a person speaks or writes. The
past tense uses the verbs past tense form.
The future tense shows action that has not happened yet as a person speaks or
writes. The future tense uses the helping verb will or shall plus the verbs infinitive.
Tense Regular Verb: Walk Irregular Verb: Run
Present I / you / we / they walk. I / you / we / they run.
He / she / it walks. He / she / it runs.
Past I / you / we / they / he / she / I / you / we / they / he / she / it ran.
it walked.
Future I / you / we / they / he / she / I / you / we / they / he / she / it
it will walk. will run.

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b) Perfect Tense
The perfect tenses show that an action was or will be finished BEFORE
another time or action happens. The perfect tenses are made with the helping
verb have (have / has / had) plus the verbs past participle. All subjects use had for
the past perfect tense. All subjects use will have or shall have for the future perfect
tense. The infinitive have or has for singular third person is used for the perfect
present tense.
Examples:
Tense Regular Verb: Walk
Present Perfect I / you / we / they have walked.
He / she / it has walked.
Past Perfect I / you / we / they / he / she / it had walked.
Future Perfect I / you / we / they / he / she / it will have walked.
Tense Irregular Verb: Run
Present Perfect I / you / we / they have run.
He / she / it has run.
Past Perfect I / you / we / they / he / she / it had run.
Future Perfect I / you / we / they / he / she / it will have run.

The present perfect tense can also show that an action started in the past and is
still going on in the present.
Examples:
He has lived downtown. (Action is finished at the time it is written.)
He has worked for three hours. (Action started in the past and is still going on.)
She has always written in a diary. (Action started in the past but continues now.)

c) Progressive Tense
The progressive tenses show continuing action. They can also show how long
an action has been going on for an amount of time in the present, past, or future. A
verb's present participle joins with some forms of the verb be (am, is, are, was, were)
to make the simple progressive tenses.

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Tense Example
Present Progressive I am working.
You / we / they are working.
He / she / it is working.
Past Progressive I / he / she / it was working.
You / we / they were working.
Future Progressive I / he / she / it / they / we / you will be working.

The past progressive can show an action that happened in the past and was not
finished:
He was doing his work. (He was working, but he may not have finished the
work.)
The perfect tense form plus been plus the verbs present participle makes the
perfect progressive tenses:
Tense Example
Present Perfect I / you / we / they have been working.
Progressive He / she / it has been working.
Past Perfect Progressive I / he / she / it / they / we / you had been working.
Future Perfect I / he / she / it / they / we / you will have been working.
Progressive

Not all verbs can make a progressive tense. Verbs that have qualities not able
to show change cannot make the progressive tense. These are some of the verbs:
Be Guess Seem See
Believe Include Think Smell
Cost Like Understand Taste
Desire Love Want Need
Doubt Remember Wish Have

Examples:
Incorrect: She is being pretty.
Correct: She is pretty.
Incorrect: That is owning to him.

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Correct: He owns that.

Incorrect: They are wanting a raise.
Correct: They want a raise.

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Subject-Verb Agreement

1. Introduction
Proper sentences must have subject-verb agreement. Subject-verb agreement
means the subject and verb match. A singular subject must have a singular verb. A
plural subject must have a plural verb.
Singular Plural
The employee goes to work. The employees go to work.
The employee is going to work. The employees are going to work.
The employee has gone to work. The employees have gone to work.
The employee went to work. The employees went to work.

2. Learning Hint:
To make sure you use the correct verb form with the subject, use the following steps:
Figure out what the subject is.
Decide if the subject is single or plural.
Identify which verb goes with the subject.
Check that the verb form matches the subject.
Subjects
There are rules to follow to help decide what form the subject or verb is in. The
subject of a sentence is usually a noun or pronoun.
a. Singular and Plural Noun Forms
The plural form for most nouns is made by adding -s or -es.
Some nouns plural form is irregular. The irregular ones have to be remembered.
Common ones include:
Singular Plural
Man Men
Child Children
Criterion Criteria
Medium Media

Some nouns with plural form are usually regarded as singular in meaning. Such
words include athletics, economics, news, politics, mathematics and statistics.

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Example:
The news tonight has to be good.
Measurements and figures ending in -s may be singular when the amount they
refer to is a unit:
Examples:
Three years is a long time to wait.
One-third of the lunchroom has new chairs.
Note: These words and amounts are plural when they describe single items
instead of a whole:
The statistics show the market will improve.
One-third of the computers in the office have new memory cards.
b. Compound Subjects
A compound subject, two or more subjects joined by and, takes a plural verb.
Examples:
Coffee and tea are served hot.
The president, the CEO and the sale manager are having a meeting.
Exception:
When the parts of the subject form a single idea or refer to a single thing, the
verb is singular.
Examples:
Ham and cheese is his favorite sandwich.
The new president and CEO arrives in an hour.
(The subject is one person who is both the new president and CEO.)
The new president and his CEO arrive in an hour.
(The subject is two people so the verb has to be plural.)
c. Collective Nouns
A collective noun names a group of people or things. Examples are army,
audience, government, family, group, team, and public. Although a collective
noun looks plural, its considered to be one unit, a whole, so it is singular.
Examples:
The group agrees that action is needed.
The public receives weather warnings on the radio and on TV.

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Exception: Number as a collective noun can be singular or plural.

When a comes before number, it is always plural. Whenthe comes before
number, it is always singular.
Examples:
A number of employees have decided to car pool.
The number of people without jobs is dropping.
d. Always Singular or Plural Words
Some words that can be part of the subject need to be remembered as always
being singular or always plural.
Words that are always singular: anyone, anything, no
one, nothing, neither, either, what, whatever, whoever, somebody,somethin
g, someone, each, everyone, everything, and everybody. All of these words
are known as indefinite pronouns. These words do not refer to a specific
person or thing.
Examples:
Something is wrong here.
Neither is right.
Each employee gets 2 weeks paid vacation.
Everyone deserves to be happy.
Exception: When each follows a compound subject, the verb is plural:
The courier and the mailman each have parcels to deliver.
Words that are always plural: few, both, several, many.
Examples:
Few people go to the annual picnic.
Several of his friends work in the accounting department.
Both of them deserve a raise.
Many of the senior staff plan to retire early.
e. Singular or Plural Indefinite Pronouns
Some indefinite pronouns can be singular or plural depending on what comes
after them: some, all, most, any, and none. Whether they are singular or plural
depends on the meaning of the nouns they refer to.
Examples:
All of the money is kept for emergencies.

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(All refers to the singular noun money, so the verb is singular.)

All of the reports were finished this afternoon.
(All refers to the plural noun reports, so the verb is plural.)
None of the parcels ever arrive on Monday.
(Parcels is plural, making none plural.)
Some of the team needs more time to prepare.
(Team is singular, making some singular.)
f. Relative Pronouns
The relative pronouns who, which and that do not have different singular and
plural forms. When used as a subject, its verb should agree with the noun it
refers to.
Examples:
The manager should listen to the people who work for him.
(Who refers to the plural people, so the verb is plural.)
Justin is the person who usually fixes our computer problems.
(Who refers to the singular person, so the verb is singular.)
g. Conjunctions Or and Nor
When parts of a subject are joined by or or nor, the verb agrees with the part
closest to it. If the closest part is singular, the verb is singular. If the closest part
is plural, the verb is plural.
Examples:
Neither the secretary nor the receptionist knows the phone number.
The engineers or the mechanics have the can of oil.
Neither the manager nor the employees were late.
(Manager is singular but employees is plural. Employees is closest to the verb
so the verb is plural.)
Either he or they are early.
(He is singular but they is plural. They is closest to the verb so the verb is
plural.)

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3. Verbs
Knowing whether the verb is in its singular or plural form shows which form
the subject must be in. The singular present tense of many verbs is formed by adding -
s or -es. Irregular verb forms have to be remembered.

Singular Present Tense Plural Present Tense

Eats Eat
Am / Is Are
Bring Brings
Singular Past Tense Plural Past Tense
Ate Ate
Was Were
Brought Brought

The subject and verb still need to match when other words come between
them. Such words are usually a phrase that starts with a preposition
like of, by, with, from, and to.
Examples:
A web site of new goods and services is being made.
(Web site is the subject, not services. Web site is singular.)
The profits earned by the computer industry have dropped in the past year.
(The subject is profits, not industry. Profits is plural.)

4. Subject-Verb Agreement Example Questions

When doing a question, first figure out what is the subject of the sentence.
Then decide if the subject is singular or plural. Use the rules. Lastly, decide which
verb form will match with the subject.
Note 1: When two verb answers agree with the subject, then the verb TENSE
must be looked at. Check for time words to help decide what verb tense is
correct for the sentence.

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Example:
1. He _____ his desk yesterday.
(A) cleaned
(B) cleans
(C) clean
(D) cleaner
He is a singular subject so a singlular verb is needed. Both (A) and (B) are
singular verbs. (A), not (B), is the correct answer. The word yesterday shows
that the action is in the past so the verb must be in the past tense.
Note 2: When two verb answers match the subject and both are the correct
tense, then decide which verb makes sense.
Example:
2. She _____ made a backup of her data.
(A) have
(B) do
(C) is
(D) should have
She is a singular subject so a singlular verb is needed. Both (C) and (D) are
singular verbs. Only (D) can complete the sentence correctly. The sentence
does not make sense if (C) is used

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Word Families

1. Introduction
How well you understand many kinds of grammar are tested. Your knowledge
of vocabulary is also tested. For this section, the correct answer may be a noun, verb,
adjective, or adverb. The correct choice may also depend on its form. Should it be
singular or plural? Is it the right tense for the sentence? Should it be comparative or
superlative? These are some things to think about. Finally, does the choice you pick
make sense? Read through the sentence with your answer.
Learning Hint:
With word families, the possible answers are four forms of the SAME word.
Memorize common noun forms, adjectives, adverbs, and verb forms.
2. Word Forms
Word families tests how well you know the various types of words that can be
made from one word. A word can go from noun to verb to adjective to adverb by
changing the ending of the word.
Example:
Finale (noun, thing) -> finalist (noun, person) -> finalize (verb) -> final (adjective) ->
finally (adverb)
Remember the common word endings used to make the different kinds of words:
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
-ance -en -able -ly
-ancy -ify -ible -ward
-ence -ize -al -wise
-ation -ful
-ian -ish
-ism -ive
-ment -ous
-ness
-ship
-or
-er

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Typical Question Examples Found in Word Families

1) The manager read the report _____.
(A) careful
(B) carefully
(C) care
(D) caring
The correct answer is (B). An adverb is needed to complete the sentence. Carefully is
the only adverb. Adverbs modify verbs. How did the manager read the report? He
read it carefully. Answer (A) is an adjective. Answer (C) and (D) are verb forms.
2) The procedure was _____ properly to the new employee.
(A) explain
(B) explanation
(C) explanatory
(D) explained
The correct answer is (D). There is no main verb in this sentence. Was is only acting
as a helping verb. The correct verb form must have a past tense form to agree with
was. Only explained is both a main verb and in the past tense. Answer (A) is the
present tense verb form. Answer (B) is a noun. Answer (C) is an adjective.

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Count and Non-Count Nouns

1. Introduction
Every noun can be counted, but not all nouns are counted the same way. There
are two main types of nouns: count nouns and non-count nouns.
Learning Hint:
Memorize the most common non-count nouns and remember to use singular
verbs with these nouns.
2. Count Nouns
All count nouns have a singular and plural form and are used in agreement
with singular or plural verbs. Count nouns are things that exist as separate and distinct
individual units. Count nouns are generally individual persons, places or objects that
can be recognized by our senses.
Count Noun Type Examples
Names of persons, their relationships and friend, girl, accountant
their occupations
Names of species, plants, insects cat, dolphin, tree, fly
Names of objects with a finite and specific bottle, computer, table, office,
shape building
Units of measurement centimeter, inch, meter, kilogram,
pound, degree
Units of social classification family, language, country
Some abstract concepts idea, invention, plan
Examples:
There will be two proposals submitted to the manager by 2pm.
Each office comes equiped with a computer, a desk and two chairs.
Not all great ideas lead to successful inventions.
3. Non-Count Nouns
Non-count nouns only have one form and are always used in agreement with
singular verbs. Many non-count nouns are wholes that cannot be cut into parts or
counted individually. Non-count nouns also include most shapeless objects and
abstract ideas.

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Non-Count Noun Type Examples

Nouns that are whole and made up of sand, rice, sugar
smaller parts
Foods that can be purchased in various meat, bread, fruit, coffee
forms
Substances that can change shape or have oil, tea, milk, wood, iron, glass,
various forms water, wind, rain, fire, ice
Groups of things that have different sizes clothing, furniture, luggage, cash
and shapes
Languages Italian, French, Japanese
Most -ing forms learning, working, speaking
Abstract concepts, often with endings - efficiency, progress, intelligence,
ness, -ance, -ence, -ity beauty
Examples:
Clothing is one of the common things collected to give to charity.
Water boils to become steam or freezes to become ice.
Efficiency is a characteristic in employees that managers admire.
Although non-count nouns are considered uncountable, there are times when it
is necessary to explain how much of it there is or to be able to quantify it in some
way. This can be done by using a measurement word or counter in combination with
the non-count noun. The most common measurement words
are bar, slice, piece, glass, game and cube.

Examples:
I bought two bars of chocolate.
He had four slices of meat in his sandwich.
This recipe requires one glass of milk.
There are five pieces of luggage in the trunk.
We played three games of tennis.
Some nouns can be a count or non-count noun depending on the meaning of
the noun used. Normally the non-count meaning is abstract and general while the
count meaning is concrete and specific. Nouns that can be both include light, glass,
sound, business, fire, life, noise, space, thought, success, work, war, pleasure.

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Examples:
Count Meaning Usage Non-count Meaning Usage
The city at night is full of Sound travels through space slower
bright lights. than light.
He has two papers due next We will wrap the gift with paper.
week.

4. Noun Type Indicators

Indications of what kind of noun is in a sentence can be determined by the
quantity term or article used with the noun:
Only the article a / an can be used with singular count nouns.
The terms each, every, any and one can only be used with singular count nouns.
The words these, those, many, both, several, few / fewer / fewest and the
phrases a few, one of the, and a couple ofcan only be used with plural count
nouns.
This and that can be used with either singular count nouns or non-count nouns.
Some, any, most, more, all, alot of, no, none of the can be used with plural
count nouns or non-count nouns.
The article the is not a useful indicator since it can be used with both types of
count nouns and non-count nouns.

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Comparative and Superlative

1. Introduction
Adjectives and adverbs can be used to make comparisons. They are used to
show what is different or similar about two or more things. There are three kinds of
possible comparisons: equal, comparative and superlative.
2. Learning Hint:
Forming the comparative and superlative forms usually depends on the number
of syllables in the adjective. Learn the rules for each type of adjective and adverb. Do
not combine the two ways of forming comparisons in a single sentence.
3. Equal Comparison
An adjective or adverb is used to show that two things share a quality in the
same amount. A quality shared in the same amount means that the two things are
equal is some way. The form used to make this kind of comparison is as adjective /
adverb as. The as as comparison is better known as a correlative conjunction.
Adjective Examples:
Our boss is as friendly as yours.
Her vacation lasted as long as her boyfriends vacation.
Adverb Examples:
He works as efficiently as you.
His computer can download files as fast as their computer does.
4. Comparative
To show a difference or to show that there is only a similarity between two
things, the comparative form must be used. An adjective or adverb is made into the
comparative form in one of two ways. The way that is used depends on the number of
syllables the adjective or adverb have:
Most one-syllable adjectives and adverbs take the ending -er.
Two-syllable adjectives ending in y form the comparative by taking the ending -
er.
Other two-syllable adjectives use more + regular form to make the comparative.
Most adverbs of two or more syllables must use more + regular form to make the
comparative.

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All three or more syllable adjectives must use more + regular form to make the
comparative.
a. Adjectives:
Regular Comparative Number of Syllables
New newer 1
Hot hotter 1
Cute cuter 1
Pretty prettier 2
Lonely lonelier 2
Beautiful more beautiful 3
Popular more popular 3
Examples:
She is the shorter of the two sisters.
She is shorter than her sister.
This fax machine is newer than that one.
The manager wants to be more popular than the previous one.
b. Adverbs:
Regular Comparative Number of Syllables
Fast faster 1
Quickly more quickly 2
Sadly more sadly 2
thoughtfully more thoughtfully 3
Politely more politely 3
Examples:
We finished our project faster than they finished theirs.
The new copier prints pages more quickly than the old one.
He understands the course more easily than her.
The word than is usually used following the comparative form in a sentence.
Note: Never mix the two ways to form the comparative.
Incorrect: She gets lots of benefits because she's been here more longer.
Correct: She gets lots of benefits because she's been here longer.
Incorrect: He works more quicklier than us.
Correct: He works more quickly than us.

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5. Superlative
If the comparison is between three or more things then the superlative form
must be used. An adjective or adverb is made into the superlative form in one of two
ways. The way that is used depends on the number of syllables contained in the
adjective or adverb:
Most one-syllable adjectives and adverbs take the ending -est.
Two-syllable adjectives ending in y form the superlative by taking the ending -est.
Other two-syllable adjectives use most + regular form to make the superlative.
Most adverbs of two or more syllables must use most + regular form to make the
superlative.
All three or more syllable adjectives must use most + regular form to make the
superlative.
a. Adjectives:
Regular Superlative Number of Syllables
New newest 1
Hot hottest 1
Cute cutest 1
Pretty prettiest 2
Modern most modern 2
Beautiful most beautiful 3
Popular most popular 3
Examples:
This office is the most modern one in the building.
She is the youngest employee in the company to be promoted.

b. Adverbs:
Regular Superlative Number of Syllables
Fast fastest 1
Quickly most quickly 2
Sadly most sadly 2
thoughtfully most thoughtfully 3
Politely most politely 3

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Examples:
She can find files the most quickly.
He spoke the most forcefully at the meeting.
The word the is always used before the superlative form in a sentence.
Note: Never mix the two ways to form the superlative.
Incorrect: He was the most wisest man I ever knew.
Correct: He was the wisest man I ever knew.
Incorrect: She types the most fastest out of all the secretaries.
Correct: She types the fastest out of all the secretaries.

c. Irregular Adjectives and Adverbs

There are some irregular adjectives and adverbs. They do not make the
comparative or superlative the same way that other ones do. They do not use either -
er / -est or more / most. Their comparative and superlative forms have to be
remembered:
Regular Form Comparative Form Superlative Form
ADJECTIVES
Good better best
Bad worse worst
Little less least
Many more most
Some more most
Much more most
ADVERBS
Well Better best
Badly Worse worst
Little Less least
far farther / further farthest / furthest

Examples:
This program is better than the previous ones.
This program is the best of all.

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Incorrect: The software we bought the muchest of came from an online

supplier.
Correct: The software we bought the most of came from an online supplier.
Incorrect: She has to travel the far of anyone in the office.
Correct: She has to travel the farthest of anyone in the office.

d. Words with No Comparative and Superlative Forms

Not ALL adjectives and adverbs can have a comparative or superlative form.
No type of comparison is possible with certain adjectives and adverbs. They cannot
show a greater or lesser amount, so they can only have one form. Some of these words
are perfect, unique, dead, impossible, and infinite.
Example:
Incorrect: He was the most unique president we had.
Correct: He was a unique president.
(Unique means one of a kind. There is no other like it, so it is not possible for one
president to be more or less unique than another one.)
e. Parallel Structure Required
The comparisons must make sense. You cannot compare things that are very
different. They must be similar. Apples and oranges are both fruits, but they are still
two different kinds of fruit. So, an apple cannot be compared to an orange.
Examples:
Incorrect: Michael's computer is much older than Will.
(Comparing a computer to a person.)
Correct: Michael's computer is much older than Will's computer.
(Comparing one computer to another.)
Incorrect: The English that is spoken in Canada is close to the United States.
(Comparing a language to a country.)
Correct: The English that is spoken in Canada is close to that of the United
States.
(Comparing the English spoken in two countries.)

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Adverbs of Frequency

1. Introduction
Adverbs are words that are used to help describe verbs. Adverbs can also be
used to describe adjectives and other adverbs. Adverbs of frequency are ones that
describe when or how often something is done. There are two types: adverbs of
definite frequency and adverbs of indefinite frequency.
2. Learning Hint:
The position of an adverb in a sentence tells you whether it is an adverb of
definite or indefinite frequency.
3. Adverbs of Definite Frequency
Adverbs of definite frequency occur at the beginning or the end of a sentence.
Common ones are hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly. Other ones are once a
month, every month, and every other month. In each one, month can be replaced
with hour, day, week, or year. Any exact number of times that happen in a given time
period are also adverbs of definite frequency: twice a week, twice a year, three times a
month, four times a year, once every five years, and so on.
Examples:
Every day, some employees go out for lunch.
Some employees go out for lunch every day.
Payroll must be done every two weeks.
The sales manager gets new e-mail hourly.
4. Adverbs of Indefinite Frequency
Adverbs of indefinite frequency include always, usually, never, often, very
often, rarely, sometimes, seldom, once in a while, repeatedly, typically, hardly ever,
and occasionally. Adverbs of indefinite frequency occur in the middle of the sentence.
Where exactly it is placed depends on the type of verbs in the sentence. There are
three possible places:
a. Between the subject and the main verb UNLESS the verb is a form
of be: is, am, are, was, were.
Examples:
She often takes her vacation in winter.
The employees always work until seven.

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The manager usually arrives first at the staff meetings.

b. After the be verb form when it is the main verb.
Examples:
She is often ill in winter.
The employees are always working until seven.
The manager is usually the first person to arrive.
c. Between the helping verb and the main verb. This is always true, even when the
main verb is a verb form of be.
Examples:
She has often gone on vacation in winter.
The employees can always work until seven.
The manager will usually arrive first at the staff meetings.
Incorrect: The owners have been rarely unreasonable.
Correct: The owners have rarely been unreasonable.
(Have is the helping verb, been is the be verb form)

Usage note: Some indefinite frequency adverbs can be placed at the beginning or end of
a main clause: usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, once in a while, and
occasionally.
Examples:
Once in a while we like to for a long drive.
He accompanies her to the shopping mall occasionally

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Word Choice

1. Introduction
In word choice, how well you understand many kinds of grammar are tested.
Your knowledge of vocabulary is also tested. You will see many commonly confused
words. The right answer may be a noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition or
conjunction. The questions with four answers listed are related in some way. The
words may look or sound similar, but have different meanings. Words that are
opposite in meaning might also be used. Sometimes more than one word may seem to
be the right choice. Picking the right one will depend on knowing how and when a
word is used in English. These words may have similar meanings (for example, house
and home) or grammatical use (for example, much and many). Only one choice can
work properly in the sentence.
2. Learning Hint:
This is one of the most difficult parts of learning English because there are
many words that sound or look the same, but have different meanings. Pay close
attention to each answer choice and check whether it fits in the context of the
sentence.

3. Common Examples
a. Words with similar spelling, words that rhyme, words that sound alike, or
words that are opposite that do not have similar meanings:
1) Make sure to only use the _____ paper.
(A) vain
(B) vein
(C) pain
(D) plain
The correct answer is (D). An adjective is needed to complete the sentence.
Plain is the only adjective that makes sense. (A) is an adjective used to describe
people, not things (paper). (B) is a noun that sounds like (A). (C) is a noun that
rhymes with vein and plain.

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2) Charles forgot to order more _____ for the office.

(A) stationary
(B) stationery
(C) statue
(D) moving
The correct answer is (B). A noun is needed to complete the sentence. (B) is a
noun meaning writing materials. (C) is a singular noun which does not make
sense in this sentence. (A) is an adjective meaning unmoving. (D) is an
adjective with the opposite meaning of (A).
b. Words with similar meanings, but different usage:
1) The boss thinks we are doing a _____ job.
(A) goods
(B) well
(C) good
(D) badly
The correct answer is (C). An adjective needed to complete the sentence. Good
is the only adjective. (A) is a noun. (D) is an adverb. (B) is also an adverb. To
use well, the sentence would be, The boss thinks we are doing the job well. How
is the job being done? It is being done well. You cannot say, The boss thinks we
are doing the job good.
2) I need to choose _____ the report and the presentation.
(A) among
(B) between
(C) along
(D) beside
The correct answer is (B). Between compares exactly two things. Among
always compares more than two. The prepositions along and beside are not used
for comparisons.

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Prepositions

1. Introduction
Prepositions are used to show a connection between two words in a sentence.
There are many different prepositions in English which makes it difficult to choose
the right preposition to use in a sentence.
For example, there are more than 30 prepositions that may be used to describe
the relationship between a desk and something else. Here are some examples:
I am sitting at the desk.
Please put the file on the desk.
The chair is behind the desk.
These are the most common prepositions: about, above, according to, across,
after, afterward, against, along, along with, among, around, as, at, because of, before,
behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, concerning, despite, down,
downward, during, except, except for, for, from, in, inside, instead of, into, like, near,
next to, of, off, on, onto, out, outside, over, past, regarding, round, since, through,
throughout, to toward, under, underneath, unlike, until, up, upon, with, within,
without.
2. Learning Hint:
To use prepositions accurately, memorize the most common prepositions and
how they are used to describe the relationship between two things.
3. Prepositional Phrases
Prepositions always link a noun, a pronoun, or a word acting as a noun to
another word in the sentence. The noun type normally comes after the preposition and
is called the object of the preposition. The preposition plus its object and any other
words describing the object is called a prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrases act
as adjectives or adverbs, and add details to a sentence. They can tell the location of
something, or when, how, and where something happens.
Examples:
Basic sentence: The man runs.

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The man runs on the sidewalk. The man runs at night.

The man runs on a trail by the water. The man runs instead of walking.
The man runs before eating breakfast. The man is running to catch a bus.
The man runs past the library every day. The man runs with his large dog.
The man runs along the side of the road. The man runs like a professional
athlete.

The words in bold are prepositions. The underlined words are the object of the
preposition. Together they are a prepositional phrase. Each one adds details like how
or where or when the man runs.
Prepositional phrases can be at the start, middle, or the end of a sentence:
According to the newspaper, the companys profits increased last month.
The accounting job at the company was a great learning experience.
Note: Prepositional phrases can never be a sentence. They do not have a subject or
main verb.

4. Prepositions Linked to Nouns, Adjectives, Verbs

Some prepositions are always used with certain nouns, adjectives and verbs.
The preposition and other word work together as a single prepositional form.
Noun Examples: belief in, concern for, hope for, love of, need for, reason for,
understanding of.
Adjective Examples: aware of, angry at, interested in, made of, married to, sorry for,
sure of.
Verb Examples: work for, look up, pay for, trust in, think about, belong to, give up,
study for, talk about.

5. Specific Usage of Prepositions

Some prepositions are always used with certain times or place or direction.
a. Time
On is used with days:
He will meet with her on Thursday.
At is used with noon, night, midnight, and with the time of day:
We eat lunch at noon.

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We finish work at 6pm.

In is used with other parts of the day, with months, years, or seasons:
They walk in the afternoon.
His vacation is in October.
The company started in 1999.
Leaves change color in fall.
To show longer periods of time, the prepositions most commonly used are:
Since They have been gone since last week.
For Charles is going on vacation for three
weeks.
By We must finish this project by Friday.
Within We must finish this project within a week.
From .....until The resort is open from fall until spring.
From ......to The conference
runs from Monday to Friday.
During I read during my lunch break.

b. Places
The prepositions in, at, and on are used with different kinds of places:
In Used before large places (name of a We stopped in the park.
country, state, province, county or city)
and small places (a room, building,
park, car, boat).
At Used with specific addresses. We live at 441 Main Street.
Can also be used with some small
places: class, school, the library, home,
work and the office.
On Used before middle-sized places: a We took the boat on the
ship, train, plane, and the name of a river.
street, road, coast, or river.

To show something is higher than something else, use above or over. To show
something is lower than a place, use under,underneath, below, or beneath.

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Examples:

The book is on a shelf above the The painting hangs over the desk.
desk.
The disk is underneath the file The computer is kept under the desk.
folder.
Cargo is kept below the main deck. We ate lunch beneath the trees.

To show the location of something in relation to something else, use the following
prepositions:
He lives near a school. The hospital is by the library.
She parked her car next to mine. His folder is among the others.
The van parked between a truck and
a car.

c. Direction
Some words that show a location do not use any preposition: home, upstairs,
downstairs, downtown, uptown, inside (noun), outside (noun).
Incorrect: He went on home.
Correct: He went home.
Incorrect: The kids are playing at outside.
Correct: The kids are playing outside.
Incorrect: They went up upstairs.
Correct: They went upstairs.

The following prepositions show movement toward something:

To Used to show movement towards He ran to school.
something
Onto Used to show movement towards a He put his cup onto the table.
surface
Into used to show movement towards the He jumped into the pool.
interior of a volume

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It would also be correct to say, He jumped in the pool. In and on can be

used with many verbs showing motion. In / into andon / onto can both be used to
show that a motion is finished. However, only in and on can show the location of
the subject as a result of an action (verb):
Examples
Correct: He fell on the floor. He fell onto the floor.
Correct: He is on the floor.
Incorrect: He is onto the floor.
Correct: The book is on the table.
Incorrect: The book is onto the table.
The preposition to also shows direction when used with verbs of motion:
move, go, transfer, walk, run, swim, ride, drive, fly, or travel. The
preposition toward can be used also with these verbs except transfer. To is used to
show a specific location.Toward is used to only show a general location.
Examples
Drive to the house.
Drive toward the house.
Correct: He will transfer to another bus.
Incorrect: He will transfer toward another bus.
(Transfer means to go from one place to another, specific, place so toward cannot
be used.)
Another use of to is to show a goal that will be reached. For a physical
place, the form is to plus a noun: to work, to school, to the library. For a purpose
or reason, the form is to plus the infinitive of a verb: to go, to get, to reach.
Examples
Every morning she goes to work.
He washed his car to get rid of the mud.

d. Unnecessary Prepositions
Sometimes prepositions are used when they are not needed. They might be
heard in conversation, but they are not grammatically correct. These are some
examples: call up, off of, inside of, outside of, stir up, finish up, sit down,

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return back, help out, fall over, out of, escape from, jump up, open up,
except for, later on. In each, the preposition in bold should NOT be used.

Examples
Incorrect: She asked me to jump up and down.
Correct: She asked me to jump.
(Jump already means to go up into the air and come back down.)
Incorrect: Be careful not to fall over.
Correct: Be careful not to fall.
(Fall already means go from a higher to a lower level.)
Incorrect: She threw the book out of the window.
Correct: She threw the book out the window.

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Unnecessary Words

1. Introduction
There are rules to follow to make a proper sentence in English. You learn what
words must be used to make a sentence. You learn how to add words to make
sentences express more detail. You learn when each type of word can and cannot be
used. It is not easy to understand all the rules, or to remember them all. So mistakes
are sometimes made when creating sentences. One common type of error is to use too
many words. The extra word may be an article, a verb, a pronoun, a preposition, an
adjective, a conjunction, or an entire phrase. Using words with the same meaning in
one sentence is another kind of unnecessary word error. Sometimes a sentence can be
written with less words if the word order is changed. In this section, you will need to
use all of your knowledge of grammar. Read through the question. Decide if each
answer choice MUST be in that sentence to make it work.
2. Learning Hint:
Read the sentence out loud and pay attention to how the sentence sounds. If a
phrase sounds awkward or incorrect, check to see if there are extra words that are not
needed.
3. Common Types of Examples
Too many words with the same meaning used:
Incorrect: He is nearly almost finished with the financial statement.
Correct: He is nearly finished with the financial statement.
Correct: He is almost finished with the financial statement.
Incorrect: Despite leaving 10 minutes early, the worker arrived late nonetheless.
Correct: Despite leaving 10 minutes early, the worker arrived late.
Correct: Leaving 10 minutes early, the worker nonetheless arrived late.
Extra words:
Incorrect: The secretary was annoyed when the copier broke on down.
Correct: The secretary was annoyed when the copier broke down.
The preposition on is not used in the verb form broke down.

Incorrect: I will have buy a new car. (Mixed up verb tense formation.)

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Correct: I will buy a new car. (Future tense of irregular verb buy is will
buy.)
Correct: I will have bought a new car. (Future perfect form: will have +
verbs past participle.)
Incorrect: The postman delivers a mail in the morning.
Correct: The postman delivers mail in the morning.
The indefinite article a is not used in front of a non-count noun.
Incorrect: My manager she has some contracts for me to sign.
Correct: My manager has some contracts for me to sign.
Right after a noun, do not also use a pronoun that replaces the noun.

4. Unnecessary phrase:
Simple, direct sentences are better than complicated, indirect ones.
Incorrect: It was a project which was very complex in structure and very
ambitious in nature.
Correct: The project was complex and ambitious.

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Pronouns

1. Introduction
Pronouns take the place of nouns in sentences. Pronouns work in sentences the
same way as nouns. Pronouns are used so that nouns are not repeated. A pronoun
generally refers back to a noun that was written earlier. There are many different
kinds of pronouns. Each kind has different forms and rules for when it is used.
2. Learning Hint:
Check whether the pronoun used in a sentence matches the noun or subject of
the sentence.
3. Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns refer to a specific person or persons. The personal pronouns
are I, you, he, she, it, we and they. Personal pronouns change form depending on their
role in a sentence. The subjective case means the pronoun is used as the subject of a
sentence or a clause. The subjective personal pronouns are I, he, she, you, it, we and
they.
Examples:
We are going to the meeting in the same car.
She is going to send the fax now.
The other cases are objective and possessive. Objective case means a pronoun
usually is the object of the verb or a preposition in a sentence. Objective pronouns
are me, him, her, us and them.
Examples:
The metal chair gave him an electric shock.
Let us finalize the contract.
Frank took a phone message for her.
Note: When there is a linking verb in a sentence, the pronoun that follows it must be
in the subjective, not objective, case. A common linking verb is any form of the
verb be such as is, are, was and were.
Incorrect: This is her speaking.
Correct: This is she speaking.
The possessive case pronoun shows ownership. The possessive pronouns
are my, mine, our, ours, his, her, hers, their,theirs.

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Examples:
My boss approves of my conducting of the interview.
Michael bumped his hip against the desk.
Note: Only the personal pronouns have these three cases. All other types of pronouns
only have their regular (dictionary) form and a possessive case. The exception is the
relative pronoun who. Whom is the objective case and whose is the possessive case.

4. Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns are which, that, and who / whom. Relative pronouns relate
groups of words to nouns or other pronouns.
Example:
The secretary gave three boxes to the mailman who entered the office.
That and which can only refer to things. Who and whom can only refer to
people. Who is used as the subject of a sentence or a clause. Whom is always the
object of a verb or prepositional phrase.
Examples:
He doesn't know whom to assign to the project.
(Whom is the object of the verb to assign.)
Who will be assigned to the project has not been decided.
(Who is the subject of the verb will be assigned.)

5. Intensive Pronouns
Intensive pronouns add emphasis to a noun or another pronoun. The form of an
intensive pronoun is a personal pronoun plus -self: himself, herself, myself, yourself,
themselves, ourselves.
Example:
He himself made the coffee.

6. Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns show that the sentence subject also receives the action of
the verb in the sentence. Reflexive pronouns have the same form as intensive ones: a
personal pronoun plus -self.
Example:

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You might injure yourself.

Note: Objective or possessive pronouns are mistakenly used when a reflexive one is
needed.
Incorrect: Help you to whatever you need.
Correct: Help yourself to whatever you need.

7. Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns function as nouns, but they do not replace a noun.
Indefinite pronouns include everybody and some.
Example:
Everybody admires the companys president.

8. Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns identify or point to nouns. Demonstrative pronouns
include this, that and such.
Example:
This is the cup he used.

9. Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns introduce questions. Interrogative pronouns
include who, which and what.
Example:
Who will be making a speech tonight?

10. Pronoun Agreement with the Noun

One general rule for all pronouns is that a singular noun must be replaced with
a singular pronoun. Also, a plural noun must be replaced with a plural pronoun.
Examples:
I have to do a presentation tomorrow for my manager.
The employees want their afternoon break to start later.
Note: It is important to remember that any word with an every, like everybody,
everyone, or everything is singular, not plural. Therefore, every type words need a
singular pronoun like his or her, and not a plural one like their.

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Incorrect: Everybody needs to hand in their report to the manager.

Correct: Everybody needs to hand in his report to the manager.
Another general rule is that the pronoun must have the same gender (feminine,
masculine or neuter) as the noun it replaces.

Examples:
Julie wants to upgrade her computer software.
The computer had new software installed on its hard drive.

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Conjunctions

1. Introduction
Conjunctions are words that join together words, phrases or clauses.
Conjunctions are used to show a relationship between the words, phrases or clauses.
Conjunctions also show agreement or disagreement between ideas. There are four
types of conjunctions. Only three types will be covered: coordinating, subordinating
and correlative.
2. Learning Hint:
Memorize the most commonly used conjunctions shown below and when they
are used to show relationships between words and phrases.
3. Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions join together words or clauses of equal importance.
They are and, but, nor, or, for, so and yet.
The coordinating conjunctions and, but, nor and or always join words or word
groups of the same kind: two or more nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, phrases,
independent clauses and dependent clauses.
Examples:
James or Michelle will be promoted. (Two nouns joined by or.)
The chair was old but comfortable. (Two adjectives joined by but.)
Amanda worked every day and partied every night. (Two verbs joined by and.)
The conjunctions for and so cannot connect words, phrases or dependent
clauses. They can only join independent clauses.For shows cause. So shows result.
Examples:
She was sick, so she went to the doctor.
(Cause: She was sick. Result: She went to the doctor.)
They stayed late at the office, for they had work to do.
(Cause: They had work to do. Result: They stayed late at the office.)
While the word yet is usually used as an adverb, it can also be a conjunction.
Like but, it shows contrast.
Examples:
Charles works as an accountant, yet he was trained to be a lawyer.
She read through the contract carefully, yet she could not understand it all.

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Note: Whatever is joined by a coordinating conjunction must be alike.

Incorrect: The assistant needs to edit and typing the documents.
(To edit is a verb form. Typing is a noun form.)
Correct: The assistant needs to edit and to type the documents.
(Now the and joins two verb forms.)
Incorrect: The manager sent a notice to all staff, but written by her assistant.
(The words before but form a clause. What follows but is only a phrase, not a
clause.)
Correct: The manager sent a notice to all staff, but her assistant wrote it.
(Her assistant wrote it is a clause. Now but joins two clauses.)

4. Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions join a dependent (subordinate) clause with an
independent clause. They always come at the beginning of dependent clauses.
Dependent clauses are used as adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. The dependent clause
can be before or after the independent clause. This means a subordinating conjunction
is at the beginning or middle of a sentence. These are the most common ones:
After because in order that than when
Although before once that whenever
As even if rather than though where
as if even though since unless wherever
as though if so that until while

Examples:
Unless we start now, we will not finish on time.
Because he enjoys traveling, he became the company's sales representative.
The main office is in an old building where the alarms need to be updated.
The clerk was writing an e-mail when her computer failed.
Note: Make sure the subordinating conjunction is placed at the start of the
dependent clause.
Incorrect: After they have to go to work, their vacation ends.
Incorrect: Their vacation ends after they have to go to work.
Correct: After their vacation ends, they have to go back to work.

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The subordinating junction after must be before the dependent clause their
vacation ends. They have to go back to work is the independent clause.

5. Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of coordinating conjunctions that work
together. They are always used as a pair. The words, phrases, or clauses that
correlative conjunctions put together must be the same type: nouns go with other
nouns, verbs go with other verbs, adjectives go with other adjectives, and so on. These
are the common ones:
both and neither nor
not but either or
not only but also whether or
as as (example: as well as)

Examples:
1) The report is either on the desk or in the copier room.
(Nouns are the type of word joined.)
2) The delivery was made neither in the morning nor in the afternoon.
(Phrases are the type of word joined.)
Note: Never use neither or and either nor.
3) Their manager doesn't laugh as often as your boss laughs.
(Two clauses are joined.)
4) Both his uncle and his cousin work in forestry.
(Nouns are the type of word joined.)
The presentation was both interesting and educational.
(Adjectives are the type of word joined.)
Note: Do not use as well as with both.
Incorrect: My friend learned both French as well as Japanese in school.
Correct: My friend learned both French and Japanese in school.
5) The boss is not only friendly but also very smart.
(Adjectives are the type of word joined.)
Note 1: Do not use but in place of but also.
Incorrect: Leave behind not only your cellphone but your computer.

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Correct: Leave behind not only your cellphone but also your computer.
Note 2: Only not is grammatically wrong.
Incorrect: They will teach only not new skills but also new knowledge.
Correct: They will teach not only new skills but also new knowledge.
6) The company creates not hardware but software.
(Nouns are the type of word joined.)
Note: Do not use only in place of but.
Incorrect: He should have spoken not louder only more slowly.
Correct: He should have spoken not louder but more slowly.

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Conditionals

1. Introduction
Conditionals are statements with an if clause. They show a result depending
upon a set of conditions. The result can be very different because there are many ways
that objects and actions can interact. The if clause controls what the result can be.
Knowing the rules for if clauses let you understand how conditionals work. There are
two kinds of conditional sentences: real and unreal. Each kind of conditional sentence
has an if clause and a result (main) clause.
2. Learning Hint:
Identify whether the conditional is real or unreal. Then use the correct verb
tense for both the if clause and the result clause.
3. Real Conditionals
Real conditionals express facts and what is absolute (completely true). They
also express very likely or possible results, or state something that is done regularly.
Example:
I drive to work if it rains.
Condition: Is there rain? Yes. Or there will be rain for sure.
The if clause is true so it is a real condition.
Verb Tenses Used
The "if" clause is always written in the present tense. The result clause is
written in the present or future tense.
a. Present tense verbs for both the result and if clause means the statement is true or
a habit or a fact. Do not use helping verbs have, has, do, does plus the verb in the
result clause.
Examples:
The manager is always pleased if the employees work hard.
If water boils, it becomes a gas. (Incorrect: If water boils, it has become a gas.)
Exception: Statements of fact about something done regularly can be made in the
past. Simple past tense for the if clause and result clause is used.

Example:
If we went out on the weekend, it was to go see a movie.
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b. A statement of a true, future result has the future tense in the result clause. The
future tense is will plus a verb infinitive.
Examples:
If the boss approves, I will go on vacation next month.
We will attend the conference if we get our hotel reservations confirmed.
c. A statement of a possible future result has a helping verb plus the main verb in
the result clause. Only the helping verbsmay, might, can , could, and should are
used.
Examples:
If the shipment arrives soon, we might be able to fill our orders.
If the shipment arrives soon, we can fill our orders.
We should finish our orders tomorrow if the shipment arrives soon.
Condition: Will the shipment arrive soon? Maybe.
Result: Possible to get orders done.
4. Unreal Conditionals
Unreal conditionals express not true, very unlikely or not possible results.
Example:
If it had rained, I would have driven to work.
Condition: Is there rain? No, it did not rain.
The if clause did not happen so it is an unreal condition.
Verb Tenses Used
For a present unreal condition, the if clause is written in the past tense. The
result clause contains would, could, or mightplus a verb.
a. The verb in the if clause is not a form of the verb be.
Examples:
If she owned the company, she would hire more people.
They could send him the contract if they found his address.
You might find the stapler if you looked in the bottom drawer.
b. When the verb in the if clause is a form of the verb be, it is always written
as were, even for a singular subject.
Examples:
Incorrect: If Mark was the boss, he would give everyone a raise.
Correct: If Mark were the boss, he would give everyone a raise.

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(Mark is NOT the boss, so the condition is unreal.)

Incorrect: If I was you, I would complete the report quickly.
Correct: If I were you, I would complete the report quickly.
(I am NOT you, so the condition is unreal.)

Note: The unreal conditional is a type of subjunctive. So sometimes it is called

subjunctive. The subjunctive mood is a verb form that shows a requirement, a
wish, a suggestion, an uncertainty, or a condition opposite to known fact.
Example: If she were to get sick, her work would suffer.
Known fact: She is not sick now.
Unreal condition equals what is opposite to known fact: She is sick.
This sentence suggests what might happen, but it is not likely to happen.
c. For a past unreal condition, the if clause is written in the past perfect tense. The
result clause is written with would, could,might, plus have plus a verb in the past
tense:
Examples:
They could have made more money if they had invested sooner.
If Michelle had become the sales representative, we would have had many new
clients.
If you had listened at the meeting, you might have learned all about the new
CEO.

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Exercise 1

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Exercise 2

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Exercise 3

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Exercise 4

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Exercise 5

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Exercise 6

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Exercise 7

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Exercise 8

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4
READING SKILL
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READING SECTION

The TOEIC Reading Test contains three parts where you will presented a variety of
text followed by different kinds of reading comprehension questions. There are 100 questions
of this section and has a time limit of 75 minutes.
The Materials of Reading Section in TOEIC
TOEIC is set for the professional one, so the questions are related to the job. The questions
are developed from the oral and written expressions collected from the country where English
is used as the basic communication in the work place. The questions of the test contain some
different situations and conditions, such as:
1. General business (contract, negotiation, marketing, sales, business planning,
conferrence)
2. Manufacturing (factory management, lini perakitan, quality control)
3. Finance and budgeting (banking, investment, taxing, accounting, billing)
4. Corporate development (research, product development)
5. Offices (meeting board, correspondence, memo, telephone, faximile, e-mail, office
tools, office procedure)
6. Personnel (retirement, salary, promotion, job application, advertising)
7. Purchasing (buying, pembelanjaan, pemesanan, pengiriman, pembatalan)
8. Technical areas (electronic, technology, specification, elektronik, teknologi,
spesifikasi, pembeliaan dan penyewaan, layanan listrik dan gas)
9. Travel (train, plane, taxi, bus, ship, ferry, ticket, schedule, kereta api, pesawat terbang,
taksi, bus, kapal, feri, tiket, jadwal, pengumuman stasiun dan lapangan terbang,
penyewaan mobil, hotel, reservasi, keterlambatan dan penundaan)
10. Dining out (formal and informal business lunch, reception, restaurant reservation)
11. Entertainment (movies, theatre, music, art, and media)
12. Health (health insurance, visiting doctor, dentist, clinic, and hospital)

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Tips and Tricks in Doing Reading Test of TOEIC

Analyzing Vocabulary:
1. Read as much as you can in English
2. Keep a notebook of the words you learn
3. Learn words in context not from word list
Analyzing Grammar:
1. Recognize the parts of speech
2. Recognize agreement of person, number, and tense
3. Recognize the correct grammatical form
4. Recognize the correct usage
5. Recognize the correct word order
6. Recognize potentially wrong answer
Analyzing Grammar:
1. Know the types of questions found on the TOEIC
2. Know the types of information sought on the TOEIC
3. Know how to use PSRA
Predict what the passage will be about
Scan the passage and answer options for keywords
Read the passage quickly
Answer the questions

Part of Reading TOEIC

In the Reading test, you will read a variety of texts and answer several different types of
reading comprehension questions. The entire Reading test will last 75 minutes. There are
three parts, and directions are given for each part. You are encouraged to answer as many
questions as possible within the time allowed.
You must mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Do not write your answers in
your test book.

Part 5. Incomplete Sentences There are 40 questions in Part 5. Within each given
sentence, there is a blank space. Select the alternative that correctly fills that space and
completes the sentence.

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Directions: A word or phrase is missing in each of the sentences below. Four answer
choices are given below each sentence. Select the best answer to complete the sentence.
Then mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet.
101. Customer reviews indicate that many modern mobile devices are often unnecessarily ---
----.
(A) complication
(B) complicates
(C) complicate
(D) complicated
102. Jamal Nawzad has received top performance reviews -------he joined the sales
department two years ago.
(A) despite
(B) except
(C) since
(D) during
103. Gyeon Corporations continuingeducation policy states that -------learning new skills
enhances creativity and focus.
(A) regular
(B) regularity
(C) regulate
(D) regularly
104. Among -------recognized at the company awards ceremony were senior business analyst
Natalie Obi and sales associate Peter Comeau.
(A) who
(B) whose
(C) they
(D) those
105. All clothing sold in Develyns Boutique is made from natural materials and contains no
-------dyes.
(A) immediate
(B) synthetic
(C) reasonable
(D) assumed

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Part 6. Text Completion You will find 12 questions in Part 6. A written text, such as an
email, is presented. It contains a blank space. Select the alternative that correctly completes
the text.
Directions: Read the texts that follow. A word, phrase, or sentence is missing in parts of each
text. Four answer choices for each question are given below the text. Select the best answer to
complete the text. Then mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet.
Questions 131-134 refer to the following e-mail.

131. 132. 133.

(A) interest (A) develop (A) After all
(B) interests (B) raise (B) For
(C) interested (C) open (C) Even so
(D) interesting (D) complete (D) At the same time
134.
(A) Let me explain our plans for on-site staff training.
(B) We hope that you will strongly consider joining us.
(C) Todays training session will be postponed until Monday.
(D) This is the first in a series of such lectures.
148. According to the advertisement, why is Ms. Ghorbani selling her car?
(A) She cannot repair the cars temperature control.
(B) She finds it difficult to maintain.
(C) She would like to have a newer model.
(D) She is leaving for another country.

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Part 7. Reading Comprehension Part 7 contains 48 questions. Answer each question

based solely on the information in the passage that accompanies the question.
Directions: In this part you will read a selection of texts, such as magazine and newspaper
articles, e-mails, and instant messages. Each text or set of texts is followed by several
questions. Select the best answer for each question and mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on
your answer sheet.
Questions 147-148 refer to the following advertisement.

147. What is suggested about the car?

(A) It was recently repaired.
(B) It has had more than one owner.
(C) It is very fuel efficient.
(D) It has been on sale for six months.
148. According to the advertisement, why is Ms. Ghorbani selling her car?
(A) She cannot repair the cars temperature control.
(B) She finds it difficult to maintain.
(C) She would like to have a newer model.
(D) She is leaving for another country.

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Questions 149-151 refer to the following article.

149. What is suggested about Mr. Benavidez?

(A) He has hired Salinas Products to distribute his products.
(B) He has agreed to sell his business to Salinas Products.
(C) He has recently beenhired as an employee of a school.
(D) He has been chosen to be the new president of Salinas Products.
150. According to the article, where is Mr. Benavidez from?
(A) Cancn
(B) Veracruz
(C) Mexico City
(D) Puerto Vallarta
151. What is indicated about the Pablos restaurant chain?
(A) It was recently sold in an auction.
(B) It will soon change its name.
(C) It was founded 40 years ago.
(D) It operates in several countries.

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Questions 152-153 refer to the following text message chain.

152. What is suggested about Mr. Bach?

(A) He has been to Kansai more than once.
(B) He currently works in Beijing.
(C) He is on a business trip.
(D) He works for Fly Right Airlines.
153. At 12:15, what does Mr. Otani mean when he writes, Sure thing?
(A) He has confirmed the arrival time of a flight.
(B) He is certain he will be able to find a parking place.
(C) He agrees to wait at the door near the customs area.
(D) He knows Mr. Bach must pass through customs.

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Questions 161-164 refer to the following information.

161. What is indicated about advertising space on the Mooringtown Library notice board?
(A) It is available at no charge.
(B) It can be used for any length of time.
(C) It is open to all area businesses.
(D) It is intended mainly for sporting events.
162. What is NOT a stated requirement for a notice to be placed on the board?
(A) It must meet certain size requirements.
(B) It must be marked with posting dates.
(C) It must be reviewed beforehand.
(D) It must be signed by a librarian.
163. What should an advertiser bring to the library when making a submission?
(A) An outline of proposed content
(B) A final version of the notice
(C) A completed submission form
(D) A letter from an organization
164. In which of the positions marked [1], [2], [3], and [4] does the following sentence best
belong? The name and telephone number of the person posting the notice must be
clearly marked on the back.
(A) [1]
(B) [2]
(C) [3]
(D) [4]

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Questions 176-180 refer to the following advertisement and e-mail.

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176. According to the advertisement, why should customers visit the Business Audio Pro
Web site?
(A) To hear voice samples
(B) To add a new phone number
(C) To submit a credit card payment
(D) To request recording equipment
177. What is suggested about Business Audio Pro?
(A) It fills orders once a week.
(B) It advertises in the newspaper.
(C) It specializes in data-processing services.
(D) It has recently expanded its business.
178. Who most likely is Ms. Annesly?
(A) An actor
(B) A script writer
(C) A sales associate
(D) A business owner
179. What service does Ms. Annesly NOT request from Business Audio Pro?
(A) Professional voice talent
(B) On-hold messages
(C) Customized script writing
(D) Multilingual voice production
180. What will Ms. Annesly most likely do within 24 hours?
(A) Meet with an actor
(B) Visit a recording studio
(C) Write a script
(D) Speak with a representative

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Questions 196-200 refer to the following advertisement, online shopping cart, and e-
mail.

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196. In the advertisement, the word top in paragraph 1, line 2, is closest in meaning to
(A) maximum
(B) favorite
(C) important
(D) upper
197. What are Sparky Paints customers advised to do?
(A) Apply an adhesive to color samples
(B) Visit a store to compare paint colors
(C) Adjust the color on their computer monitor
(D) Order samples of several similar colors
198. What is most likely true about order #3397 ?
(A) It arrived within two business days.
(B) It included an extra sample.
(C) It was shipped in February.
(D) It contained four gallons of paint.
199. Which color does Mr. Phan indicate that he likes?
(A) Caspian Blue
(B) Deep Sea Blue
(C) Stormy Blue
(D) Misty Gray
200. What problem does Mr. Phan mention in his e-mail?
(A) He received the wrong item.
(B) He was charged the wrong price.
(C) The delivery time was too long.
(D) The instructions were too confusing.

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 UNIT

5
PRACTICE SKILL
Raising Your TOEIC Score

MODEL TEST 1
Listening Comprehension

In this section of the test, you will have the chance to show how well you understand spoken English.
There are four parts to this section, with special direction for each part. You will have approximately
45 minutes to complete the Listening Comprehension sections.

Part 1 : Photographs
Direction: you will see a photograph. You will hear four statements about the
photograph. Choose the statement that most closely matches the photograph and fill in
the corresponding oval on your answer sheet.

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Part 2: Question Response

Direction: you will hear a question and three possible responses. Choose the response
that most closely answers the question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer
sheet.

10. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 26. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
11. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 27. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
12. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 28. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
13. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 29. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
14. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 30. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
15. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 31. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
16. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 32. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
17. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 33. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
18. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 34. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
19. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 35. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
20. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 36. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
21. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 37. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
22. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 38. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
23. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 39. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
24. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 40. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.

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Part 3 : Conversation
Direction: You will hear a conversation between two people. You will see three questions on
each conversation and four possible answers. Choose the best answer to each question and fill
in the corresponding oval on your sheet.

41. When you will the speakers meet ? 47. Where does this conversation take place?
A. 3:00 A. At a store
B. 4:00 B. At the hotel
C. 5:00 C. At the restaurant
D. 10:00 D. At the mans house

42. Where will they meet? 48. What does the man ask for?
A. At the bus stop A. Keys
B. At the conference B. More soup
C. In the mans office C. A better room
D. In the waiting room. D. Towels and soap

43. What will the woman bring to the meeting? 49. When will he get what he asks for?
A. Coffee A. Right away
B. A letter B. Later today
C. Photograph C. At 2:00
D. Copies of report D. Tonight

44. Where does the man want to go? 50. When did the brochures arrive?
A. Cleveland A. Yesterday afternoon
B. Los Angles B. Last night
C. Chicago C. This morning
D. Denver D. This afternoon

45. How will he travel? 51. What will the woman do now?
A. By plane A. Address the brochures
B. By train B. Read the brochures
C. By bus C.Print the brochures
D. By car D. Copy the brochures

46. When will he leave? 52. How many brochures does the woman need?
A. This afternoon A. 500
B. Tonight B. 800
C. Tomorrow at 1:00 C. 1,000
D. Tomorrow at 10:00 D. 2,000

53. What kind of job is the man applying for? 59. Where does the woman want?
A. Waiter A. To a fast food restaurant
B. Caterer B. To a parking lot
C. Advertising executive C. To a bank
D. Food and beverage salesperson D. To a park

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54. What does the woman ask the man about 60. Where is it?
A. His experience A. On a corner
B. His appearance B. Behind a parking lot
C. His attitude C. Next door to a library
D. His appetite D. Across the street from a store

55. When does the woman want to interview 61. How long will it take her to get there
the man?
A. Today A. Two minutes
B. Next Sunday B. Four Minutes
C. Next Monday C. Five minutes
D. Next Tuesday D. Nine minutes

56. Why cant the man play golf tomorrow? 62. What time is it in the conversation ?
A. His wife is sick. A. 8:00
B. Its going to rain B. 8:15
C. He has to take a test C. 9:15
D. Hes feeling tired D. 9:30

57. What time did he plan to play golf? 63. Why is the woman angry ?
A. 2:00 A. The man is late
B. 4:00 B. The weather is bad
C. 9:00 C. She had to take the bus
D. 10:00 D. The man drives too fast

58. What will he do tomorrow? 64. What will the man do next time?
A. Talk on the phone A. Stay home
B. Go to the movies B. Drive his car
C. Move some furniture C. Leave earlier
D. Stay home D. Take the train

65. What will the woman do 68. When does this conversation take place?
A. Take a plane trip A. In the morning
B. Take a class B. At noon
C. Go to the teacher C. In the early afternoon
D. Eat dinner at a restaurant D. In the evening

66. When will she do it ? 69. Who is the woman talking to?
A. Sunday afternoon A. A butcher
B. Sunday night B. A waiter
C. Monday afternoon C. Her husband
D. Monday night D. Her friend

67. How will she pay for it? 70. What does the woman order?
A. Cash A. Lamb
B. Check B. Rice
C. Credit card C. Fish
D. Money order D. Vegetables

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Part 4 : Talks
Direction: You will hear a talk given by single speaker.. You will see three questions on each
talk, each with four possible answers. Choose the best answer to each question and fill in the
corresponding oval on your sheet.

71. Where is the train located? 77. What is the first step in getting organized?
A. In an airport A. Set a timeline
B. In a city B. Get clutter out of your life
C. A long the coast C. Buy a calendar
D. At an amusement park D. Make a list of things to be
done
72. Where should you stand when in 78. What should you do next ?
a train car ?
A. By the door A. Rank the tasks by their importance
B. By the windows B. Do a little work on every task
C. In the center C. Start working on the first task
D. At either end D. eliminate items and rewrite the list

73. When can passengers get off the train? 79. What is the last task of the day ?
A. When they see an exit sign A. Review the list
B. Before the bell ring B. Finish uncompleted tasks
C. After the bell ring C. Write a new list
D. After the colored light goes on D. Throw the list away
74. When on Sundays is the museum open ? 80. What does the advertisement encourage
you to do ?
A. In the morning A. Take a holiday
B. In the afternoon B. Redecorate your office
C. In the evening C. Look at your office again
D. All day D. Save some money

75. If you would like information about lectures, 81. Which items does the ad mention?
What should you do?
A. Go to the museum A. Decoration
B. Write a letter B. Carpeting
C. Call another number C. Wallpaper
D. Stay on the line D. Furniture

76. Who doesnt have to pay to enter 82. When is the last day of the sale?
the museum?
A. Members A. Sunday
B. Adults B. Monday
C. Children under twelve C. Tuesday
D. Children under five D. Wednesday

83. What is the announcement for? 89. What is included in the cost of the lodge ?
A. Schoolteacher A. Breakfast and dinner
B. Schoolchildren B. Ski equipment
C. Volunteer tutor C. Ski lift ticket
D. Businesspeople D. Lunch on the ski slopes

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84. How much time does it take to 90. Who can take ski lesson ?
participate?
A. A minimum of 2 hours a week A. Ski instructors
B. A maximum of 2 hours a week B. Skier with special abilities
C. One week a year C. Beginners only
D. One day a week D. Skier of all skill levels

85. What must people have to participate? 91. What do you get if you make a
reservation before January15th?
A. A college degree A. a free book
B. Special training B. a calendar
C. Age above eighteen C. an extra night at the hotel
D. Experience with children D. a free ski class

86. What is the approximate temperature for 92. How long are the delays?
today?
A. About 15 degrees A. 5 minutes
B. About 60 degrees B. 15 minutes
C. About 65 degrees C. 45 minutes
D. About 90 degrees D. 4 hours

87. What does the weather forecaster suggest 93. What is causing the delay?
That people do?
A. Stay inside A. Weather
B. Go outdoors B. Engine trouble
C. Take sunglasses C. Power problems
D. Wear a sweater D. Damage to the tracks

88. What will the weather be like tomorrow? 94. What are they doing to help people
commute quickly ?
A. Cloudy A. Providing bus service
B. Foggy B. Asking commuters to wait
C. Rainy C. Trying to fix the trains
D. Wear a sweater D. Using extra trains

95. What happened at Central and main ? 98. Who will listen to this announcement?
A. An explosion A. Students
B. An infection B. Art professors
C. An exception C. Museum employees
D. An irritation D. Members of a tour group

96. What was probably the cause of the 99. What should people bring on the trip?
problem?
A. An electric wire A. Books
B. A water pipe B. Money
C. A hole in the street C. Lunch
D. A gas leak D. Cameras

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97. What happened to nearby office workers? 100. What time should they arrive for the
morning buy?
A. They were injured A. 8:00
B. They were removed B. 8:45
C. They were reported C. 9:00
D. They were suspected D. 9:15

READING
In this section of the test, you will have the chance to show how well you understand written
English. There are three parts to this section, with special direction for each part.
Part 5 : Incomplete Sentences
Directions: you will see a sentence with a missing word. Four possible answers follow the
sentence. Choose the best answer to the question and fill in the corresponding oval on your
answer sheet.

101. The professor praised him for his ..... the class when she was sick.
a. Assist b. to assist c. assisting d. assisted

102. According to the Financial Times, the prime rate ..... up slightly even without the
housing boom.
a. would have gone b. will have gone c. were to go d. was going

103. I am honored to accept this award ..... our departed director.

a. in light of b. because of c. on account of d. on behalf of

104. Economists watch the business cycle as it goes through its various .
a. Segments b. Phases c. sectors d. divisions

105. Studies ..... that these new policies have done nothing to boost the economy.
a. have shown b. shown c. has shown d. are shown

106. If we had seen the demand in advance, we surely on ..... the cookbook.
a. would stock up b. have stocked up c. had stocked up d. would have stocked up

107. Most of the time in Indonesia was spent ..... relatives.

a. to visit b. going visiting c. visiting d. go to visit

108. My broker advised me to invest in secured bonds before ..... in the stock market.
a. Invested b. investment c. Investing d. I will invest

109. It goes without ..... that you'll be paid for all this extra time you're spending on the
project.
a. telling b. repeating c. saying d. regarding

110. The businessmen discussed the contract at length but never actually signed .
a. anything b. another c. anyone d. anyway

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111. The first textile mills ___________ in the United States were located in New England.
a. To establish b. being established c. were established d. to be established

112. _________ the auditor went over the books several times, he was still unable to find error.
a. Despite b. even c. although d. nevertheless

113. A day-care center should provide a safe, comfortable and _______ environment for children.
a. Stable b. stability c. Stabilize d. stabilizer

114. Denver International Airport opened more than a year _______ schedule.
a. Beneath b. beyond c. Behind d. between

115. _____________ applicants should send their completed forms to the personnel office.
a. Qualification b. qualify c. Qualified d. quantifiable

116. Recent ___________ in suburban areas will balance the companys real estate holdings.
a. Acquisitions b. requirements c. Properties d. documents

117. Unless your service improves, we ___________ our contract with your firm.
a. will cancel b. wont cancel c. will have cancelled d. cancel

118. Despite its small size, the new color printer has a speed comparable _________ the speed of
much larger models.
a. To b. than c. For d. with

119. I will tell you a secret if you can keep it to_____________.

a. You b. yourself c. your d. yours

120. The price of pharmaceuticals _________ again last month.

a. Rose b. arose c. raised d. risen

121. Because the equipment is very delicate, it must be handled with.......

a. caring b. careful c. care d carefully

122. If the client......dissatisfied, please have him write a letter

a. am b. is c. are d . be

123. My acquaintance with Mr.Broughton started as a business relationship and became a

.......
a. friends b. friendly c. friendless d. friendship
124. The train will be arriving..... Tokyo in ten minutes.
a. before b. in c. around d. at

125. The meeting was postponed because the typists weren't able to get the work.......in time
a. do b. done c. did d. does

126. If the receptionist is unable to answer your question, Ms. Takai ......help you
a. can b. did c. couldn't d. wouldn't

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127. We rely on Ms. Lee for her experience, sensitive and ......advice
a. wisdom b. wisely c. wise d. wiser

128. Mr. Moore expects to .......about 20.000 dollar next year

a. salary b. earn c. worth d. Income

129. The secretary asked a clerk to check the report for typing
a. errands b. errs c. errors d. errant

130. Mr. Kim is considered one the most honest..... most hardworking members of the
finance team.
a. but b. or c. and d. with

131. The retirement luncheon has been changed from 12.00 ....... 12.45
a. at b. to c. until d. by

132. The president of the company....... to Korea for an important conference

a. went b. gone c. going d. go

133. Since Mr. Hasan attends afternoon classes. he ..... the night shift
a. will be always working b. will always be working
c. will be working always d. always will be working

134. The copy machine has been installed...... the two offices
a. among b. around c. between d. from

135. The student intern needs permission to take time off for a ...... interview.
a. job b. worker c. golf d. chore

136. The employees at the factory eat lunch at the cafeteria at least.....
a. often b. sometimes c. always d. twice a week

137. Employees must turn off the lights.....they leave the office
a. afterward b. before c. while d. because

138. ........ it was the office manager's birthday. the secretaries sent her roses
a. but b. even thought c. since d. while

139. Employees of the KICI Corporation are encouraged to do exercises......during their

breaks.
a. oftentimes b. every day c. monthly d. day by day

140.The operator was not be able to find the address......telephone number.

a. or b. although c. but d. even though

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Part 6 : Text Completion

Directions: You will see four passages each with three blanks. Under each blank are four
answer options. Choose the word of phrase that best completes the sentence.

Questions 141 142 refers to the following text.

NARAGANSETT HOMES, INC. A major regional home builder, is looking for a marketing
professional who is highly energetic and has a team player attitude to develop and
implement marketing and sales programs. This is a highly visible position which reports
directly to the president. The individual will oversee merchandising and marketing in several
states. A minimum of six years experience in a similar position is required. Send resume
and salary requirements to: Human Resources Narragansett Homes, Inc. 2321 Rightward
Road Marlboro, NV 55461

141. What kind of employee are they looking for?

a. Athletic b. Motivated
c. Diplomatic d. Strong

142. In what area should the person be experienced?

a. Home construction c. Demographics
b. Computer programming d. Product promotion

Question 143-145 refers to the following article.

There are two companies hoping to be selected as the builders of the new international
terminal at Singapore Airport in Changi. Both have been given approval to begin feasibility
studies for the project. The State Board for Project Evaluation has selected Great Britains
Dar Handash and Germanys Dywidag Euromill to conduct the studies. Pending the
completion of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapores financial analysis of the project, a
decision could be reached as early as September.

143. What is the topic of the article?

a. Plans to construct an international terminal
b. Public relations between Germany and Singapore
c. A new training program for pilots
d. Investments in Great Britain

144. When can a decision be made?

a. After completion of preparations in Changi
b. After comparing results of the feasibility studies
c. After the meeting between Dar Handash and Dywidag Euromill
d. After financial review by Singapore aviation officials

145. What is Dar Handash going to do?

a. Find out what can and can't be done
b. Build at Singapore Airport
c. Conduct an evaluation of Euromill
d. Send its reports to the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore

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Questions 146-148 refer to the following text.

RACE TRACK REVIEWS Race Track Reviews not only gives insight into whats under the
hood of the winning cars but also whos behind the wheel. This collection of twenty-six
biographical sketches is both informative and entertaining. For the more serious racer,
Mueller includes in-depth coverage of the only car to break the sound barrier, as well as a
battery of illustrations revealing the effects on the body of the car. It is noteworthy that the
author has taken steps to minimize the use of technical jargon, making the subject more
inviting to lay readers.
146. Who would most likely buy this publication?
a. Collectors of antique cars c. People who bet on horse races
b. People interested in car racing d. Technicians

147. What information is in this book?

a. How to build a car c. Data about engines
b. Body repair techniques d. Locations of car races

148. How has the author broadened the book's appeal?

a. By using sketches c. By using an entertaining style
b. By using fewer technical terms d. By using personal stories

Questions 149-150 refers to the following text.

RETAIL INSTALLMENT AGREEMENT For my records, the Jefferson Company will
send an invoice (and payment coupons) along with my order that will indicate the cash price,
shipping and handling, amount financed, total sale price (total payments), finance and
charge, and annual percentage rate for each item. It will also indicate the number and
amount of monthly installments and the amount of sales tax, where applicable. The four-
dollar shipping and handling charge and any express shipping charges or sales tax are to be
paid with the first installment.
149. What will the person receive from Jefferson Company?
a. An itemized account of goods c. Monthly advertisements
b. A discount on the cash price d. A four-dollar rebate

150. When will the buyer pay?

a. Before getting the merchandise c. Within one month
b. Upon delivery d. In periodic payments

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Questions 151 - 153 refer to the following text.

In the spring of 1994, Holiday Arboreal Farm transplanted 10.000 two-year-old seedlings
for Christmas tree production. Of these, 50% were balsam Fir, 35% Douglas fir, and 15%
were White Pine and Blue Spruce. The Balsam and Douglas fir would be in the five to six
foot range by the sixth growing season after transplanting, with the Balsam having a
tendency to reach as high as eight feet, thus making them available to market that year. The
White Pine and Spruce would be in the same five to six foot range in the eight growing year
after transplanting. The Balsam and Douglas fir would be wholesaled for $15.00 and the
White Pine and Spruce for $8.00. Any trees not sold in these year could be sold the
following years with an increase in size of ten to twelve inches, allowing a price increase of
$3.50 per foot.

151. What is the topic of the report?

a. Furs c. Holiday gift prices
b. Inflation d. Trees

152. What affects the price ?

a. Thickness c. Proximity to market
b. Color d. Height

153. What is the purpose of the report?

a. To encourage nature conservation
b. To increase sales
c. To inform about transplanted tree sales
d. To challenge the price increase

Questions 154-156 refer to the following text.

Airtime Technologies, Inc., of Southampton, England, has supplied more than four hundred
paging systems to fourteen Chinese province since 1989. For instance, it won a 4.5 million
dollar contract from the Broadcasting Administrative Committee of the Biendong Province
in May. The companys foreign sales are not confined to Asia. It is making healthy inroads
to Latin America. In Trinidad and Guyana, an 8 million dollar deal was struck with Allpage,
the largest private paging provider in the area. Airtime services its South American
customers through its branch offices in Brazil, Mexico and Texas. While the company is
blossoming in developing countries, it is also still doing a lot of work in developed countries
such as Canada, where there is a joint venture underway. Distributors and marketing
personnel are being sought to develop the above-mentioned areas as well as the entire
Indonesian region.

154. Where is Airtime Technologies based?

a. Trinidad c. Guyana
b. Southampton d. Texas

155. What does Airtime do in its Mexican office?

a. Establishes joint ventures with Latin America
b. Produces pagers in its factories
c. Provides service to customers in South America
d. Trains marketing personnel

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156. Who is Airtime Technologies looking for?

a. Technicians who can repair pagers
b. Chinese broadcasters
c. Canadian clerical personnel
d. Sales representatives

Questions 157-159 refer to the following text.

The bus service between the City Center Subway and the Fairfield County Government Center
is being expanded to give residents from Huntsville and Lawton easier access to public
hearings and other evening events at the government complex. By June 10th, Fairfield
connector buses will make sic additional round trips between the two stops four in the middle
of the day and two at night. The buses now run only during morning and evening rush hour.

157. Where are the people being bused to?

a. The government center c. The City Center Station
b. Huntsville d. Lawton
158. How many extra trips will Fairfield connector buses make during the day?
a. Two c. Six
b. Four d. Eight
159. When do the connector buses normally run?
a. In the late morning c. Late at night
b. In the afternoon d. During peak hours

Questions 160-162 refer to the following text.

MANILA RENTALS The Philippines equipment rental leader has an immediate opening for a
branch administrative assistant at its newest location in Tarlac. Job duties include accounts payable,
accounts receivable, bank deposits, office management and general office. Manila Rentals offers a
competitive wage, comprehensive benefits package, and 401K, as well as the most lucrative and
unique profit sharing plan in the industry. Manila Rentals uses only the highest quality equipment
and glass and dining ware. We have also been rated Number One three years in a row by Consumer
Watch Magazine. Qualified candidates should have a minimum of two years of experience in a
similar environment. Good interpersonal and organizational skills a must.

160. How is Manila Rentals different from others in the industry?

a. It uses only crystal.
b. It offers above-average wages.
c. It uses custom-made equipment.
d. It gives employees a share in company profits.

161. What skills are not listed in the ad?

a. Office management skills c. Interpersonal skills
b. Computer skills d. Bookkeeping skills

162. Who would be most interested in this ad?

a. A hotel chain that rents dining ware
b. A senior advertising specialist
c. Critical consumers
d. An unemployed office worker

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Questions 163-166 refer to the following text.

Citizen Action Coalition 76 Ansolm Street Cork, Ireland March 21, 2000 Dear Jeanne, Let me
take this opportunity to congratulate and welcome you to the Executive Board of Citizens
Action Coalition. I look forward to working with you. Our bylaws require of these board
meetings per year, sometimes the need arises to convene more than three times. Our meetings
are scheduled on Friday evening. Minutes and agendas will be provided for you prior to the
board meetings. You will need to bring them to the meetings with you as additional ones are not
provided. I am enclosing a brochure which covers the various committees in our organization
and their purposes. Committee meetings are generally scheduled during the day on the Friday of
the board meeting. (Last weeks Monday meeting was an exception.) Emergency committee
meetings are usually held on the weekend during the day. Starting July you will receive a
stipend each month of 500 to defray expenses of the board and related meetings. Expenses that
go beyond the 500 may be reimbursed, but only if accompanied by Form 113 and approved by
the treasury secretary. Again, congratulations and welcome! Sincerely yours,
163. Why was this letter written?
a. To raise contributions
b. To acknowledge a new board member
c. To inquire about availability for meetings
d. To suggest a change in work schedules

164. What should Jeanne bring to the board meetings?

a. A brochure c. A watch or clock
b. Her personal agenda d. A schedule for the meeting

165. When would the committees normally meet?

a. When the board deems it necessary
b. On the day of the Friday board meeting
c. On Mondays
d. On Friday evenings

166. How would Jeanne get reimbursed for 600 of board related expenses?
a. She would use her stipend.
b. She would see the cashier in the treasury office.
c. She would submit Form 113.
d. She would apply to the finance committee.

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Questions 167-170 refer to the following text.

A survey done by the University of Tokyo for Oriental Agriculture regarding business people
revealed the following: A study involving the health claims of 4.000 staff indicated that men
who traveled made 60% more health claims than those who didnt, whereas women who
traveled made only 18% more claims than those who didnt. In a separate survey of 400
business travelers by Sarim Consultants for Asian Imports, however, it was found that women
reported feeling more stress than men when they travel. Women are more concerned about
personal obligations theyve left behind (60% women; 35% men) and about work not getting
done at the office (85% women; 25% men). Women also feel more pressured to perform their
jobs while on the road (55% women; 44% men)

167. Who took part in these surveys?

a. Health insurance agents
b. University of Tokyo students
c. Traveling and non-traveling business people
d. Travel agents

168. How many people were surveyed altogether?

a. 400 c. 4.400
b. 4.000 d. 4.800

169. What distinguishes male travelers from female travelers?

a. They claim higher expenses.
b. They travel more.
c. Their blood pressure is lower than that of women travelers.
d. They have proportionately more travel- related health complaints.
170. What concerns the most women travelers?
a. Unfinished personal matters back home
b. Work falling behind at the office
c. Performance pressures
d. Stress in the lives of their husbands

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MODEL TEST 2
Listening Comprehension
In this section of the test, you will have the chance to show how well you understand spoken English.
There are four parts to this section, with special direction for each part. You will have approximately
45 minutes to complete the Listening Comprehension sections.

Part 1 : Photographs
Direction: you will see a photograph. You will hear four statements about the
photograph. Choose the statement that most closely matches the photograph and fill in
the corresponding oval on your answer sheet.

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Part 2: Question Response

Direction: you will hear a question and three possible responses. Choose the response
that most closely answers the question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer
sheet.

11. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 26. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
12. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 27. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
13. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 28. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
14. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 29. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
15. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 30. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
16. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 31. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
17. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 32. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
18. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 33. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
19. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 34. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
20. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 35. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
21. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 36. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
22. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 37. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
23. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 38. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
24. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 39. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
25. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 40. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.

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Part 3 : Conversation
Direction: You will hear a conversation between two people. You will see three questions on
each conversation and four possible answers. Choose the best answer to each question and fill
in the corresponding oval on your sheet.

41. What does the man want to the 47. How many copies does the woman
woman to do ? need?
A. Help him remember something A. 50
B. Do some typing for him B. 100
C. Lend him a sweater C. 150
D. Read a letter D. 200
E.
42. When does he need it done ? 48. When does she have to have them
A. This afternoon finished?
B. Before noon A. Before 11:00
C. On Tuesday B. By 2:00
D. By 8:00 C. At 4:00
D. Tonight

43. Why cant the woman help him ? 49. What will she do when the copies are
A. Today is her day off made?
B. She is leaving at noon A. Mail them
C. She has to help Mr. Brown B. Read them
D. Shes busy doing something C. Show them to her boss
else D. Take them to a meeting

44. What is the woman buying? 50. Where does the conversation take place?
A. Shirts A. In a hotel
B. Skirts B. In a fish store
C. Shoes C. In a restaurant
D. Boots D. In someones house

45. How much does she have to pay ? 51. How long will the man have to wait?
A. 42.05 A. Eight minutes
B. 45 B. Nine minutes
C. 60 C. Fifteen minutes
D. 245 D. Fifty minutes

46. How does she want to pay? 52. What will he do while he waits?
A. Check A. Have a drink
B. Cash B. Sit and think
C. Credit card C. Go fishing
D. Gift certificate D. Wash the dishes

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53. Where is Mr. Wu now? 59. Why does the man want to wake up
A. In his office early?
B. Out of town A. He has to catch an early train
C. At a meeting B. He wants to make a phone call
D. On a flight C. Hes going to take a morning plane
D. He wants to hear the weather report
54. What does the woman want to do ? 60. How will the weather be tomorrow?
A. Get a massage A. Snowy
B. Speak with Mr. Wu B. Rainy
C. Play ball C. Cold
D. Find out Mr. Wus phone D. Hot
number

55. When will the woman be in her 61. What time will the man wake up ?
office? A. 5:30
A. 2:00 B. 6:00
B. 2:30 C. 6:30
C. 10:00 D. 8:00
D. 10:30

56. Where did the woman leave her 62. Where is the woman going to see the
briefcase? movie?
A. At a meeting A. At home
B. In her office B. At the college
C. On her desk C. At the theater
D. In a club D. On the train

57. What is in the briefcase? 63. What will the man do tonight?
A. Notes A. Watch the movie with the woman
B. A report B. Buy some tires for his car
C. A cell phone C. Have dinner whit friends
D. Phone numbers D. Go to sleep early

58. When does she need the contents 64. When will they take the train tomorrow?
of the briefcase? A. Before breakfast
A. This morning B. After breakfast
B. This afternoon C. Before dinner
C. Tonight D. After dinner
D. Tomorrow

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65. What did the man send the woman? 77. What sport does the man enjoy ?
A. Some photograph A. Golf
B. Some money B. Tennis
C. A report C. Biking
D. A letter D. Swimming

66. When did he send it? 78. Where does he practice it ?

A. Sunday A. At the hotel
B. Monday B. At the park
C. Tuesday C. At the exercise club
D. Wednesday D. At the community center

67. What does the woman ask the man 79. How often does he practice it ?
to do? A. Two times a week
A. Pick up the mail B. Three times a week
B. Buy her a new dress C. Four times a week
C. Lend her more money D. Five times a week
D. Send something to her home

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Part 4 : Talks
Direction: You will hear a talk given by single speaker.. You will see three questions on each
talk, each with four possible answers. Choose the best answer to each question and fill in the
corresponding oval on your sheet.

80. Who is the audience for this 77. According to the study, who is expected
advertisement? to be the least fit ?
A. Airline pilots A. A mail carrier
B. Businesspeople B. A construction worker
C. Tourists C. An oil rigger
D. Students D. An accountant

81. Why is this computer useful away 78. Which is mentioned as a way to get
from the office? more exercise?
A. Its portable A. Doing aerobics after work
B. It can be rented B. Riding a stationary bicycle during
C. It has a long life battery pack breaks
D. Its easy to use C. Walking during lunch
D. Stretching

82. How can a customer get a discount 79. What advice is given about eating ?
on this computer? A. Eat more at night
A. By ordering online B. Dont eat before
B. By calling the company C. Eat fruit and vegetables
C. By completing an application D. Dont eat a lot nuts
D. By ordering next month

83. What best describes the weather 80. Where would you be likely to hear this
conditions the area is facing? message?
A. Cold A. At government agency
B. Fog B. On a personal phone
C. Snow and ice C. At a recording studio
D. Wind and rain D. On an intercom

84. What problems will this weather 81. What type of message should you leave?
cause tomorrow A. Confidential
A. People will have trouble B. Clear
getting to work C. Detailed
B. People wont have enough heat D. Short
C. Flights will be cancelled
D. People should buy plenty of
food

85. How will the weather be tomorrow 82. What will happen if a caller dials 499 -=
afternoon? 4778?
A. Icy A. He can apply for work
B. Clear B. He will reach on office
C. Warmer C. He can leave a message
D. Freezing D. He will hear the time of day

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83. What can this company do for you ? 89. What would be likely to call this
A. Prepare your taxes number?
B. Claim your return A. A salesperson
C. Write your financial records B. A computer user
D. Staff your accounting C. A customer service representative
department D. An accountant

84. How does the company determine 90. What will happen if the caller presses 1?
its fee? A. She will get help
A. By a flat rate B. She can buy software
B. With a single price C. She will hear about new product
C. By a prorated amounts D. She can get an update
D. By an hourly rate

85. What should listeners do today ? 91. What should you do if you want
A. Provide financial record information not listed?
B. Make an appointment A. Dial 10
C. Return to the office B. Hang up and call again
D. Pay their taxes C. Go to a local store
D. Stay on the line

86. What did the airlines do to increase 92. What is the destination for this flight ?
sales? A. Dallas
A. Reduce ticket prices B. Houston
B. Pride more polite service C. Madison
C. Make partnerships whit hotels D. Wilmington
D. Serve better meals

87. Why have these airlines lost 93. What does the captain say about the
costumers? flight?
A. Fewer people are flying A. It will be late
B. The plane were always late B. There will be turbulence
C. Regional airlines are competing C. It will be smooth
D. Its off seasons D. The flying altitude will be low

88. What percentage of its customers 94. What is the weather like there?
did sky King Airways lose in the A. Humid
past year? B. Rainy
A. 15% C. Breezy
B. 20% D. Sunny
C. 25%
D. 50%

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95. What kind of problem does the area 98. What will take place in seven days?
have ? A. The voicemail system will change.
A. There was an accident on the B. This customer will get a new
freeway telephone
B. There are is flooded C. This customer will get new telephone
C. There was a fire number
D. There was an earthquake D. The telephone companys web address
will change

96. Why are local relief centers 99. How can a customer save a message ?
running low on food? A. Press two
A. Flood victims have filled the B. Press four
shelters C. Press seven
B. Food spoiled because of D. Press nine
moisture
C. There was too much rain to
grow food
D. They cannot deliver the food

97. If you want to donate food, where 100. How can a customer learn about all of
should you take it ? the new codes?
A. To the public A. Press ten
B. The relief center B. Press the star key
C. The radio station C. Visit the companys website
D. A food collection center D. Listen to the entire message

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 Raising Your TOEIC Score

READING
In this section of the test, you will have the chance to show how well you understand written
English. There are three parts to this section, with special direction for each part.
Part 5 : Incomplete Sentences
Directions: you will see a sentence with a missing word. Four possible answers follow the
sentence. Choose the best answer to the question and fill in the corresponding oval on your
answer sheet.

101. Inter Coast airlines flight 106. The Franklin directed a very .. project
Seoul has been delayed. A. Successfully
A. To B. Successive
B. In C. Success
C. By D. Successful
D. At

102. An .. training period will be 107. You should register for the seminar ..
instituted in July. you attend
A. Extend A. While
B. Extended B. Before
C. Extension C. Nor
D. Extent D. And

103. . She left the ship, the purser 108. The speaker has .. his speech by two
sighed out. minutes.
A. For A. Short
B. That B. Shorting
C. And C. Shorted
D. Before D. Shortage

104. Many subscribers have requested 109. The vive-president will be seated ..
that we .. the journals to their the chairman at the banquet.
offices. A. As
A. Mails B. By
B. Mailed C. To
C. Mail D. From
D. Mailing

105. The clerk found the typographical 110.The new waiter has not made any .
error after the messenger the Mistakes
proposal. A. Foolish
A. Delivered B. Fool
B. Delivers C. Foolishness
C. Has delivered D. Fooled
D. Is delivering

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Raising Your TOEIC Score

111.By Friday, twenty-five applications

had been submitted .. the position 117.A manager new things from his or
of desk clerk. her staff.
A. At A. Can sometimes learn
B. On B. Learning sometimes can
C. For C. Sometimes learn can
D. By D. sometimes can learning

112.The ship provisions officer .. his 118. The new insurance plan is especially
supplies in large quantities. .. with employees who have families.
A. Buy A. Popularized
B. Buys B. Popular
C. Buying C. Populated
D. To buy D. Popularity

113.Mr. Cruz needs someone to .. him 119.The finance committee will meet again
with the conference display. .. the eight of May
A. Assume A. For
B. Assign B. To
C. Assent C. From
D. Assist D. On

114.Budget meetings are held .. in the 120.The airline will refund the money ..
conference room you canceled the reservation.
A. Rarely A. During
B. Every week B. Soon
C. Always C. When
D. Sometimes D. Until

115. At midnight, the second shift of 121.Did Mr. Fisk .. the reference guide
security guards .. on duty. from the company library?
A. Coming A. Loan
B. To come B. Borrow
C. Comes C. Lend
D. Come D. Sent

116. The final purchase price was higher 122. they were ordered, the brochures
than the investors .. and bossiness cards were never printed
A. Had expected A. Although
B. Expect B. Even
C. Are expecting C. However
D. Will expect D. Despite

123.The operator does not remember 129... none of us were familiar with the
receiving a fax from the Madrid city, Mr Gutman drove us to the
office .. from the Paris office meeting.
A. Or A. Although
B. And B. Because
C. Either C. Therefore
D. But D. However

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124.Have you ever used this type of copy 130.The auditor discovered that the
machine .. ? accountant had not been .. the checks
A. Before into the correct account.
B. Prior A. Deposited
C. Advance B. Deposits
D. Previous C. Deposit
D. Depositing

125.If our ship .. fewer passengers, the 131.If this report is sent by overnight
crew would not have to share rooms. delivery, it .. Milan by noon
A. Had tomorrow
B. Have A. Reaches
C. Will have B. Will reach
D. Would have C. Is reaching
D. Has reached
126.You should check your messages 132.Most employees drive to work and ..
.. the building from the parking lot.
A. As soon as twice a day A. Enter
B. Seldom B. Entered
C. Seldom C. Entering
D. Rarely D. Entrance

127.The receptionist receives packages 133.Employees who .. attending the

and .. them until the proper conference can get a discount on travel
department is notified arrangements.
A. Is holding A. Have going
B. Held B. Are going
C. Hold C. Will
D. Holds D. Will be

128.The purpose of our conference is to 134.Mr. Vasco worked hard to develop his
help employees .. our policies. in electronics.
A. Understood A. Expertly
B. Understanding B. Expert
C. Understand C. Expertise
D. Is understanding D. Expectance

135.The rates change daily 138.Mr. Ni . In charge of the research

A. Money division for two years.
B. Bills A. Has
C. Coins B. Has been
D. Currency C. Is
D. Had

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Raising Your TOEIC Score

136.The head housekeeper is going to ask 139.The operator .. Mr. Smith if she knew
Ms. Change how much time she . where to reach him
Available. A. Will call
A. Will have had B. Had call
B. Is having C. Called
C. Have D. Would call
D. Has
137.The hotel marketing director is quite 140.The trainers for the seminar had the
.. about advertising in Europe. crew .. their equipment to the
A. Knowing conference center
B. Knowledge A. Move
C. Knowledgeable B. Moving
D. Know C. Mover
D. Moved

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Part 6 : Text Completion

Directions: You will see four passages each with three blanks. Under each blank are four
answer options. Choose the word of phrase that best completes the sentence.

Questions 141-143 refer to the following letter.

Creek and Chung, Accountants

1040 Stone Way
Seattle, Washington 93108-2662
July 12,20
Mr. Hugh Ferrer
Unity Helt Care
400 East Pine Street
Seattle, Washington 93129-2665

Dear Mr. Ferrer:

Wea re mid-sized accounting firm. Our staff members have expressed dissatisfaction with our
current insurance plan, so we are looking into other .. the insurance company we use now has
recently

141. A. employees B. positions C. activities D. options

raised its rates, while at the same time the quality of service has gotten worse. Naturally, we are not
happy about paying more and money for poor service , we are interested in learning more
about Unity Health care (UHC).

142. A. Therefore B. However C. Moreover D. Nevertheless

Could you please mail a packet of information to me ? Also, I would appreciate it if you could
answer the following questions.

First, our employee wants to choose their own doctors. Does your program allow this? Second, do
your doctors have weekend and evening hours? Our employees have busy work schedules, and it is
not always .. for them to go to appointments during regular business hours.

143. A. enjoyable B. difficult C. convenient D. interesting

Thank you for your help.

Sincerely,
Felicia Braddish
Human Resource Manager

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Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 144-146 refer to the following e-mail

From : Simon Yan

To : Ming Lee
Subject : Monday meeting

Dear Mingmei,

I have to leave town for a business trip .. there is an emergency in our Singapore

144. A. so B. if C.as D. by

office. I am sorry that I will have to miss our Monday morning meeting especially because Iam eager to see
your progress on my companys new financial center. This is an important project for National Bank.

My coworker, Hugh Harisson, will me. Hugh plans to look for you at the

145. A. escortt B. replace C. assist D. accompany

Construction site 9:00 A.M. you told me that you have some concerns about the projects budget. Please
talk with Hugh about this. While we dont want to spend a lot of extra money on this building, it is going to
be our companys headquarters and needs to look good. You have an excellent reputation as a Construction
Project Manager, so Im .. that you can manage the budget and build a fantastic center for us at the same
time

146. A. enjoyable B. difficult C. convenient D. interesting

I will return one week from today. You can e mail me until I return. Thank you

Questions 147-149 refer to the following memorandum.

From : Belinda Beilby, Company President

To : Company Vice - President
Re : Reducing electricity expenses

The electric company is its rates by 25% next month, so we need to look at

147. A. cutting B. increasing C.dividing D. improving

Ways to reduce our electricity usage. Below is a list of recommendations. Please distribute this list to the
departments in your area.

Ways to Reduce Electricity Expense

Questions
1. 150-152
Lights refer to: Turn
the following announcement.
off the lights in meeting room when your meeting ends. Turn off the
lights in the offices before you leave for the day.
2. Computers : at the days end turn off you computer
3. Photocopying : dont photocopy and fax documents. Most documents can ..
148. A. send B. sent C. to send D. be sent
4. Fans/heater : using fans/heater in the office should not be necessary. The buldings
temperature is set at a comfortable level. If your office is too cool or warm, please contact the
maintenance staff.
5. Home Office Option : . Employees to work at home one or more days a week
149. A. Allow B. Allowing C. To allow D. Will
allow

Save money in many ways, including on electricity. Employees who are interested in this option should
speak to their supervisor.

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 Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 150-152 refer to the following text

Sunrise manufacture, Inc. announced Friday that its president, Shirley Ocampo, would succeed Louis
Freeland as the companys chief executive officer starting on September 15. Ms Ocompo, 52 will be the first
woman chief executive at the company in its 75 year history. Sunrise Manufacturing is . Manufacture
of farming equipment in the nation.

150. Large B. larger C.the larger D.the argets

This is a sector that has traditionally ben .. by men, making the

151. A. domintae B. dominates C. dominated D. dominating

Appointment of Ms. Ocampo particularly significant. We have waited a long time for this happen said
Martha Steinway of the National Association of Female Executives. This is a great achievement for
women. Mr. Freeland, who will retire from sunrise when Ms. Ocampo takes over his position next month,
at the company for 25 years.

152. A. works B. worked C. had worked D. had been working

Part 7 : Reading Comprehension

Direction: You will see single and double reading passage followed by several questions.
Each question has four answer choices. Choose the best answer to the question and fill in the
corresponding oval on your answer sheet

Questions 153-154 refer to the following announcement.

As our company plans new product, and process, health.
Safety and environmental considerations are a priority. We
are committed to operating our manufacturing plants and
research facilities in a manner that protects the environment
and safeguards the health and safety of all people. We will
continue to allocate money to improve existing facilities as
new safety information is brought to light.

153. The rates change daily 154. What will the company do with
A. To announce an expansion existing facilities?
B. To report on a merger A. Make them safer
C. To reassure the public about B. Tear them down
safety issues C. Have them inspected
D. To explain a new company D. Renovate them
policy

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Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 155-157 refer to the following report.

The profit for the Wu Company more than double in the fourth quarter over profit levels of a
year ago. This is due in part to lower operating and administrative expense. The electronic store
chain earned $42.6 million, compared with $21.1 million in the fourth quarter of last year.
Total profits for the year are $122.8 million, compared with $48.5 million last year.

155. How do fourth quarter profits for 157. The word chain , is closest in meaning
this year compare to those of last to
year? A. Product
A. Stayed the same B. Necklace
B. Increase by twice as much C. Staff member
C. Increase by more than twice as D. Group of store
much
D. Decreased by half

156. What contributed to the change?

A. Reduction of operating costs
B. Higher number of customers
C. New and better product
D. More expensive product
Questions 158-159 refer to the following advertisement.
Data Entry/Clerk

Insurance firm seeks reliable, detail-oriented person for

operating division. Responsibilities include data entry,
filing, and word processing. Good salary and benefits.
Pleasant atmosphere. Room to advance

158. What is one responsibility of this 159.What is one benefit of the position?
job? A. They will give you your own office
A. Answering the phone letter
B. Data entry B. You can work toward promotions
C. Selling insurance C. Benefits apply to dependents
D. Operating a division D. You can earn commissions

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 Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 160-161 refer to the following Magazine article.

may need someone with your

When you are looking for a
skill. Networking is a fun and
new job, you must talk to as easy way to find out about new
many people as you can who opportunities. And when your
work in your field or in related new job comes along, you will
fields. This is called networking. already know some of your
Networking allows you to learn colleagues.
about new areas to pursue and to
find out which companies

160. Which is networking? 161. What is not mentioned as something

A. Learning your job well you can learn from networking?
B. Meeting people in related field A. New career areas
C. Studying a lot of companies B. Your colleagues and what they do
D. Getting along with your C. Which companies may need you
colleagues D. What the companies pay

Questions 162-163 refer to the following Memo

MEMORANDUM

To : all employees
Fm : Donetta Muscillo (Safety coordinator)
Date : June 5, 20..

Sub : Fire doors

Employees are reminded that doors designated as fire doors must

stay closed at all times. The purpose of fire doors is to help direct
smoke away from areas where people are working in case of a fire
in the building. Even though the weather is hot and the repairs to
the companys air conditioner are not complete, keeping the fire
doors opens is strictly prohibited.

162. What is the purpose of the 163.Why were employees probably keeping
companys fire door? the fire door open?
A. To keep smoke away from A. To get to a higher floor
people B. To look at the view
B. To provide escape routes C. To go from office to office
C. To keep fire from spreading D. To let in cool air
D. To contain heat

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Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 164-166 refer to the following calendar.

FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY

February 4- March 11- April 15 April 16 April 24 May 27-June 12

February 24 Budapest, Hungary Hannover, Germany Bath, England
Bonn, Germany International Furniture Art and Antiques Fair International Computer
International jewelry Fair Exhibit
Trade Fair
March 12 March 20 April 14 April 21
Milan, Italy Basel, Switzerland
Automobile shoe fair European Watch Fair

March 20- March 25

Moscow, Russia
International Textile Fair

164. What does this calendar list? 165.Which event does not take place in
A. Trade show European?
B. Musical events A. Automobile show
C. Sport competitions B. International shoe fair
D. A tour itinerary C. Art and antiques fair
D. International jewelry trade fair

166. If you were a buyer for a dress

manufacturer, where should you go
in March?
A. Budapest
B. Bonn
C. Moscow
D. Hannover

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 Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 167-168 refer to the following announcement

167.Which of the following items

ESTATE AUCTION will be auctioned?
An auction for the estate of Raul Diega will be held on A. Chinese antiques
Saturday, October 3, at 11:00 A.M. B. Rare books
(preview starts at 10:00 A.M) C. Bracelets
Location : 5667 North Hedge Lane D. Wall-to-wall carpeting

168.When can you start to look at

Questions? Please call Estate
Some of the items to be
Planners at 778-0099 between the things?
auctioned
noon and 5 P.M. A. October 3, 11:00 A.M
- 2004 Mercedes
- China and crystal B. By appointment after
- Oriental rugs calling 778-0099
- Jewelry
- Stamp collection C. Any day from noon to five
D. October 3, 10:00 A.M

Questions 169-171 refer to the following Magazine article.

deliberately reduce growth. This

Historical, the businessperson has
corporate downsizing is no longer
wanted his or her company to grow.
Larger companies meant greater unusual. Major corporations have
success and greater profits. Larger either already downsized or have
companies also meant more jobs for announced plans to do so. But the
people in the community, but some decision to downsize is not always
companies have become so large popular with the community,
that they are no longer profitable or
because it means loss of jobs.
practical to run. When this happens,
the company may downsize, or

169. Why would a company try to slow 171. The word deliberately, closest in
growth? meaning to
A. To meet government regulations A. Intentionally
B. To stay profitable B. Carefully
C. To avoid moving C. Suddenly
D. To move its operations overseas D. Slowly

172. Why may the community dislike

the decision to downsize?
A. Area resident may lose their
jobs
B. The company will probably
move
C. The companys product will get
more expensive
D. The company will lose profits

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Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 172-176 refer to the following article.

Meetings can waste a great deal of time. But you can youre
your meeting run more smoothly by following a few simple rules.
First, have an agenda. This will help keep you focused on what is
important. Next, decide who needs to be involved. More people mean
less efficient discussion. Finally, keep the discussions moving. Thank
each speaker as he or she finishes and move on the next speaker. This
encourages people to make their remarks brief. And dont forget:
What happens after a meeting is more important than what happens
during the meeting. The skill used then is more professional and less
procedural. So no matter how well you run a meeting, it is the work
that gets done after the meeting that is important.

172. What is one way to run a meeting 175.The word remarks in line 7 is closest in
well ? meaning to
A. Watch how your manager runs A. Meeting
meeting B. Questions
B. Minimize the number of C. Comments
participants D. Schedules
C. Let the group make decisions
D. Let everyone speak

173.What is the purpose of a meeting 176. The author states that

agenda? A. Meeting should be held more
A. To keep the speakers organized frequently
B. To allow free discussion B. All meeting should be in the
C. To send to others in advance morning
D. To keep focused on important C. No one should receive credit for
items their work
D. The real work is accomplished after
the meeting.
174. How should you receive other
peoples comments at a meeting?
A. Try to keep other from talking
B. Thank them and move on
C. Give them as much time as they
want
D. Respond in detail to all
comments

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 Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 177-180 refer to the following announcement.

The Hesseltine Corporation

is moving 60 technical and management-level employees to their new
manufacturing plant in the western United States. Before the move, the
company will prepare employees for the cultural changes they will encounter
when moving from urban Europe to a small town in the American West. The
employees and their families will attend special seminars on the habits of
Americans. They will learn about the regional vocabulary and the daily life.
Without this training, even small cultural differences could cause big
misunderstandings.

177.Where is the manufacturing plant? 179.Who will attend the seminar in addition
A. In an urban area to the employee?
B. In Western Europe A. Their secretaries
C. In the Western United States B. Their families
D. In a large town C. Their supervisor
D. Their staff

178. What important part of the moving 180.What do they learn in the seminars?
process is disused? A. How to make travel plans
A. Completing the plant B. Methods of business management
B. Getting the office furnishing C. Characteristics of American culture
C. Arranging airline ticket D. Manufacturing techniques
D. Teaching cultural differences

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Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 181-185 refer to the following two e-mails.

from :Yvonne [email protected]

to :Royal [email protected]
subject : Room Reservations

I need a single room with a queen-sized bed for four nights, from March 15 until March 18. Do
you have a room available then? I will be attending a conference at the Convention Center and I
understand that your hotel is just two blocks from there. Please confirm this for me as I dont
want to have to walk for a deal with cabs. Also, do you have a pool and a weight room ? Is there
a restaurant located in or near the hotel ?
Thank you for your help

from Royal [email protected]

to : :Yvonne [email protected]
subject : Re: Reservations for a Business Trip

we do have the type of room that you want. It costs $100 per night. However, for the first night
of your stay only, I will have to give you a king-sized bed as there are no queens available that
night. It cost an extra $25. I hope this will suit you. Starting on March 16, you can have the type
of room you requested. I can confirm that we are located very close to the Convention Center,
just one block further than you thought. It is a very pleasant walk through a park center, and Im
sure you will enjoy it. We do have a pool, but unfortunately it is currently closed for repairs.
There is a full service restaurant, BJs, located in the hotel. Hotel guests are entitled to a free
breakfast there. Lunch and dinner are also reserved and can be charged to your room for your
convenience. If you would like to go ahead with your reservation, please send me your credit
card information as soon as possible.

181.When does Yvnne Wu want to begin 184.How far is the hotel from the
her stay at the Royal Hotel? Convention Center?
A. March 15 A. One block
B. March 16 B. Two blocks
C. March 17 C. Three blocks
D. March 18 D. Four blocks

182.What kind of room does she request? 185.What is included in the price of the hotel
A. A room for one person room?
B. A room with two queen-sized A. Breakfast
beds B. Room service
C. A room near the pool C. Use of the pool
D. A room with a view park D. Use of the weight room

183. If Yvonne Wu makes the reservation

suggested in the hotel e-mail, how
much will she pay?
A. $100
B. $125
C. $425
D. $500

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 Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 186-190 refer to the following agenda and e-mail message.

HORIZON OFFICE PRODUCTS, INC.

COMMITTEE MEETING ON MARKETING
THURSDAY, JUNE 15, 20 - 9.30 11.30 A.M.
PLACE : ROOM 2
AGENDA

1. REVIEW OF CURENT STRATEGY BEN NGUYEN

2. GOALS FOR NEW STRATEGY BO PARK
3. FOCUS GROUPS MARTY TAYLOR
4. PROJECTS TO BEGIN BARBARA
SPENCER
5. PLANS FOR THE YEAR RITA PALMER

To : Max Kohler
From : Bo Park
Subject : Committee Meeting

There were serious problems at todays meeting. We began on time, but Ben wasnt there,
so we had to begin with second agenda item. Then, thirty minutes after we began, Ben
finally arrived and gave his presentation. Marty never came at all. I found out later that
hes been out sick, but in any case his topic was never discussed. Barbara tried to explain
her topic, but it was confusing. She did the best make sense. We couldnt agree on our next
step, so we ended the meeting early, right after Barbaras talk. When will you return from
this business trip? I know none of this would have happened if you had been here.

186.What was the topic of the June 15 189.Who gave the last presentation?
meeting? A. Rita Palmer
A. Marketing B. Barbara Spencer
B. Business C. Marry Taylor
C. Work schedule D. Bo park
D. Ordering office supplies

187. What topic was discussed fine? 190.Why didnt Max attend the meeting?
A. Review of current strategy A. He was out
B. Goals for new strategy B. He wasnt invited
C. Focus groups C. He couldnt arrive on time
D. Project to begin D. He was away on a business trip

188. What time did Ben start his

presentation?
A. 9:00
B. 9:30
C. 10;00
D. 11;30

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Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 191-195 refer to the following e-mail and table.

From Aras Koca<[email protected]>

to : :Clarice Ryan<[email protected]
Subject : Re: Report on Employees Use of Time

Clarice, I agree that waste of work time is a serious issue. The Human Resources Department
recently surveyed the employees. They are wasting close to two hours per day.

Here are my ideas to reduce this waste. First we need to agree on what are the most important
behaviors to stop. For example, look at item #1. Many people are doing this; however, it is
the most difficult to stop. I recommended that we focus on activities #2, 4 and 5

Making phone calls shows the largest difference between men and women. Women do this
much more than men. We should ask all employees to limit these calls. They should return
non-urgent message at their lunch break.

For #4, we should focus on the younger age group. We will tell them that we are going to
check their work accounts for personal messages. For #5, we can ask supervisors to watch
this more carefully. Perhaps activity #3 should continue. This allows employees to know
each other and it can increase their motivation. The supervisors will know if someone is
spending too much time talking and not enough time working.

Are you available tomorrow? Id like to meet you to discuss our next step.

Time Spent on Nonwork-related Activities

Percentage of employee who do this three times
per week or more
Activity Men Women
1. Surfing the internet* 85 % 83%
2. Making personal phone calls 65% 80%
3. Talking to coworkers** 60% 70%
4. Writing personal e-mails* 45% 45%
5. Taking long breaks 30% 20%

Key : *most common with workers 23-35,** most common with worker 45-60

191.Why was the survey done? 194.Which activity does Aras Koca consider
A. To help plan a better work the last problem?
schedule A. Going online
B. To find out how employees waste B. Talking on the phone
their work time C. Socializing with other employee
C. To learn which employees know D. Sending e-mail
how to use the internet
D. To discover which employees are
unhappy with their jobs.

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 Raising Your TOEIC Score

192. Which is the most popular activity 195. Which activity does Aras Koca want
among the employees? supervisors to monitor?
A. Going online A. Visiting website
B. Talking on the phone B. Sending personal e-mails
C. Socializing with other employees C. Answering phone messages
D. Taking breaks D. Spending too much time on breaks

193. Among which group is writing

personal e-mails most common?
A. Younger people
B. Older people
C. Woman
D. Men

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 Raising Your TOEIC Score

Questions 196-200 refer to the following two letters.

The printing press

11 Acom Parkway
San Antonio, TX 78216 7423
April 6, 20 ..
Anneliese Clark
Federal Bank
8244 Centergate Street
San Antonio, TX 78217 0099

Dear Ms. Clark:

I have been a customer at your bank for more than ten years. I am a small business owner and have
been returning a space for my operations. My company is now ready to expand, and I am looking
into buying a small building.
I am interested in two buildings. The one I prefer is on Main Street. It would require a $200,000
loan, and Im not sure if I qualify for that large loan. There is another building that would suit my
needs. The size is right although the location is not as good. I would need to borrow only $130,000
to purchase this building.
I have a good credit records and am carrying only two debts at this time -$5,000 on my car loan
and $120,000 on my house. I am hoping to get a thirty year loan at 5% interest.
I would like to meet with you to discuss this as soon as possible. Would Tuesday, April 21 suit you
? if not, I am available any other day that week. I look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely
Jeremiah Hernandez
Jeremiah Hernandes

FEDERAL BANK
8244 CENTERGATE STREET
SAN ANTONIO, TX 78217 - 0099

April 10, 20 ..
Jeremiah Hernandez
The Printing Press
111 Acorn parkway
San Antonio, TX 78216 7423
Dear Mr. Hernandez:
Thank you for your interest in getting a loan from Federal bank. We appreciate your business.
It is possible for us to lend you enough money for the cheaper building. We cannot give you a
larger loan because you already have more than $100,000 in debt. We can offer you loan at the
interst rate and for the term you want.
I am happy to meet you to discuss this. I am not available on the date you mentioned. Can we meet
the following day ? please let me know.
Best Wishes,
Anneliese Clark
Anneliese Clark

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196.Why does Mr. Hernandez want to 197.How much money will the bank lend
buy a building? him ?
A. He wants to rent it out A. $100,000
B. He needs a place to live B. $130,000
C. He is expanding his business C. $200,000
D. He just bought a new company D. $330,000
E. Unhappy with their jobs.

198.Why does he prefer the Main 199.When does Ms. Clark want to meet
Street building? with Mr. Hernandez?
A. Its bigger A. April 10
B. Its cheaper B. April 11
C. Its in a better location C. April 12
D. Its in better condition E. April 13

200.How much debt does Mr.

Hernandez have now?
A. $5,000
B. $120,000
C. $125,000
D. $200,000

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