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Coordinate Geometry PDF

1. Cartesian coordinate system uses perpendicular x and y axes to locate points on a plane with signed coordinates (x, y). 2. The distance between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by the distance formula √(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2. 3. Important properties of triangles and quadrilaterals can be determined using coordinate geometry, including whether points are collinear, vertices of specific shapes, and locations of centroids, incenters, circumcenters, and orthocenters.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
371 views11 pages

Coordinate Geometry PDF

1. Cartesian coordinate system uses perpendicular x and y axes to locate points on a plane with signed coordinates (x, y). 2. The distance between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by the distance formula √(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2. 3. Important properties of triangles and quadrilaterals can be determined using coordinate geometry, including whether points are collinear, vertices of specific shapes, and locations of centroids, incenters, circumcenters, and orthocenters.

Uploaded by

Manoj Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM : B (x2 , y2)


Rectangular Co-ordinate System : Let X' OX
and Y'OY be two mutually perpendicular lines
through any point O in the plane of the pa- A (x1 , y1)
per. Point O is known as the origin. The line Note :
X'OX is called the x -axis or axis of x ; the 1. Distance is always positive. Therefore, we
line Y'OY is known as the y-axis or axis of y, often write AB instead of |AB|.
and the two lines taken together are called 2. The distance of a point P (x, y) from the ori-
the co-ordinates axes or the axes of co-ordi-
nates. gin x 2 y 2
3. The distance between two polar co-ordinates
Y A (r1 , 1 ) and B (r2, 2 ) is given by
3 AB r12 r 2 2 2r1r2cos(1 2 )
II 2 I
Quadrant Quadrant Application of Distance Formulae :
1 (i) For given three points A, B, C to decide
(-.,+) (+,+)
whether they are collinear or vertices of a
X X particular triangle. After finding AB, BC and
-3 -2 -1 0 CA we shall find that the points are :
-1 Collinear - (a) If the sum of any two distances
III IV
Quadrant -2 Quadrant is equal to the third
(+,-) i.e. AB + BC = CA. or AB + CA = BC
(-,-) -3
or BC + CA = AB
(b) If are of ABC is zero
Y
(c) If slope of AB = slope of BC = slope of CA.
Vertices of an equilateral triangle if AB = BC
= CA
Vertices of an isosceles triangle if AB = BC
Signs of or BC = CA or CA = AB.
Quad- Nature of X
Region co-ordin- Vertices of a right angled triangle if AB2 +
rant and Y
ate
BC2 = CA2 etc.
XOY I x > 0, y > 0 (+, +) (ii) For given four points A,B,C,D :
AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD ABCD is a
YOX' II x < 0, y > 0 (- , +) square.
X'OY' III x < 0, y < 0 (-, -) AB = BC = CD = DA and AC BD ABCD is
a rhombus.
Y'OX IV x > 0, y < 0 (+, -) AB = CD, BC = DA and AC = BD ABCD is a
recatangle.
Note - Any point lying on x-axis or y-axis does AB = CD, BC = DA and AC BD ABCD is a
not lie in any quadrant. parallelogram.
Any point can be represented on the plane Note :
described by the co-ordinate axes by specify- The four given points are collinear, if Area of
ing its x and y co-ordinates. qaudrilateral ABCD is zero.
The x -co-ordinate of the point is also known
Diagonals of square, rhombus, rectangle and
as the abscissa while the y-coordinate is also
parallelogram always bisect each-other.
known as the ordinate.
Distance Formula : The distance two point Diagonals of rhombus and square bisect each
other at right angle.
A (x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is given by
Section Formuale :
AB x 2 x1 2 y 2 y1 2 1.The co-ordinates of a point P(x ,y), dividing
the line segment joining the two points
A(x1,y1) and B (x 2, y2) internally in the ratio
m1 : m2 are given by

1
m1x 2 m2 x1 m y m2 y1 Some Important Points in a Triangle :
x ,y 1 2 Centroid : If (x1, y1), (x2 , y2) and (x3, y3) are the
m1 m2 m1 m2
vertices of a triangle, then the co-ordinates
of its centroid are -
m2 B (x2 , y2)
AP m1 x1 x 2 x 3 y1 y 2 y 3
m1 ,
BP m 2 P(x, y) 3 3
A (x1, y1) Incentre : If A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3)
2. The co-ordinate of the point P(x, y), dividing are the vertices of a ABC s.t. BC = a, CA = b
the line segment joining the two points A(x1, and AB = c, then the co-ordinates of its
y1) and B (x 2, y2) externally in the ratio m1:m2 incentre are
are given by
m1x 2 m 2 x1 m y m 2 y1 A (x1 ,y1)
x ,y 1 2
m1 m 2 m1 m 2

P (x, y)
AP m1
B (x2, y2)
BP m 2 c b
A (x1 , y1)
3. The co-ordinates of the mid-point of the line
segment joining the two points A(x1, y1) and
B (x 2, y2) are given by
x1 x 2 y1 y 2 B a C
, (x 2 ,y2) (x3 ,y3)
2 2
B (x2, y2)
ax1 bx 2 cx 3 ay1 by 2 cy 3
,
P (x, y) abc abc
A (x1 , y1) Circumcentre : If A(x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3
Division by Axes : If P (x1, x2) and Q (x2, y2), , y3) are the vertices of a ABC , then the co-
then PQ is divided by ordinates of its circumcentre are
y1 x1 sin2A x 2 sin 2B x 3 sin 2C
(i) x - axis in the ratio = y ,
2 sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C

x1 y1 sin2A y 2 sin 2B y 3 sin 2C


(ii) y - axis in the ratio = x
2 sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C
Division by a Line : A line ax + by + c = 0 Orthocentre : Co-ordinates of orthocentre are
ax1 by1 c x1 tanA x 2 tan B x 3 tan C
divides PQ in the ratio = ,
ax 2 by 2 c tan A tan B tan C
Area of a triangle : The area of a triangle y1 tanA y 2 tan B y 3 tan C
ABC whose vertices are (x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and
tan A tan B tan C
C(x3 , y3) is denoted by .
Note :
x1 y1 1 If the traingle is equilateral, then centroid,
1
x2 y2 1 incentre, orthocentre, circumcentre coin-
2 x3 y3 1 cides.
Orthocentre, centroid and circumcentre are
1
x1 y 2 y 3 x 2 y 3 y1 x 3 y1 y 2 always collinear and centroid divides the line
2 joining orthocentre and circumcentre in the
Area of Polygon : The area of the polygon ratio 2 : 1.
whose vertices are (x1, y1), (x2, y2),......(xn , yn) In an isosceles triangle centroid,
is - orthocentre, incentre, circumcentre lies on
1 x1 y 2 x 2 y1 x 2 y 3 x 3 y 2 ....... the same line.
Incentre divides the angles bisectors in the
2 ................ x n y1 x1 y n
ratio (b + c) : a, (c + a) : b, (a + b) : c.

2
Area of the triangle formed by co-ordinate Slope (Gradient) of a Line :
axes and the line a x + b y + c = 0 a
m tan
c2 b
is
2ab
a c
Straight Line : A straight line is a curve { ax + by + c = 0 y x
such that every point on the line segment b b
joining any two points on it lies on it. a
Different Forms of the Equations of a y = mx + c, where m and c is a con-
b
Straight Line :
(a) General Form : The general Form of the stant }
equation of a straight line is ax + by + c = 0 Here m is called the slope or gradient of a
(First degree equation in x and y). Where a, b line and c is the intercept on y-axis. The slope
and c are real constants and a, b are not si- of a line is always measured in
multaneously equal to zero. anticlockwise.
In this equation, slope of the line is given
Y
a
by
. Y
b
The general form is also given by y = mx + c ; B
where m is the slope and c is the intercept B
on y-axis. X X X
(b) Line Parallel to the X-axis : The equation X A O A
of a straight line to the x -axis and at a dis- Y
tance b from it, is given by y = b
Obviously, the equation of the x-axis is y = 0 Y
(c) Line Parallel to Y-axis : The equation of a Slope of a line in terms of co-ordinates any
straight line parallel to the y-axis and at a
two points on it :-
distance a from is given by x = a
obviously, the equation of y-axis is x = 0 If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are co-ordinates of
(d) Slope Intercept Form : The equation of a any two points on a line, then its slope is
striaght line passing through the point A(x1,y1) y 2 y1 Difference of ordinates
and having a slope m is given by m
(y - y1) = m (x - x1) x 2 x1 Difference of abscissa
(e) Two Points Form : The equation of a Angle between two lines :
straight line passing through two points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is given by m - m1
tan 2
y 2 y1 1 m1m 2
(y - y1) x - x1
x 2 x1
Y C B
y 2 y1
Its slope (m) =
x 2 x1
(e) Intercept Form : The equation of a straight
line making intercepts a and b on the axes
of x and y respectively is given by
x y X
1 O
a b
A D
Y
Condition of Parallellism of lines : If the
slopes of two lines is m1 and m2 and if they
are parallel, then,
B m1 m2
Y-intercept

Length of Perpendicular it y or Distance of


a Point from a Line : The length of perpen-
dicular from a given point (x1, y1) to a line
ax + by + c = 0 is :
A
X
O X-intercept ax1 by1 c
a 2 b2
Note : The length of Perpendicular from the t

3
origin to the line ax + by + c = 0 is given by Exercise
c
--------------- LEVEL - 1 ----------------
a 2 b2
Distance between two Parallel Lines : If two
lines are parallel, the distance between them 1. The point (5, 7) lies in the quadrant :
will always be the same. (a) First (b) Second
When two straight lines are parallel (c) Third (d) Fourth
whose equations are ax + by + c1 = 0 and 2. The point (7, 5) lies in the quadrant :
ax + by + c2 = 0, then the distance between (a) First (b) Second
(c) Third (d) Fourth
c1 c 2
them is given by . 3. Find the distance between the points (6,2)
a 2 b2 and (2 , 4) :
Changes of Axes : If origin (0, 0) is shifted to (a) 2 17 (b) 4 17
(h, k) then the coordinates of the point (x, y)
(c) 2 5 (d) 10
referred to the old axes and (X, Y) referred to
the new axes can be related with the rela- 4. The distance between the points A(b,o) and
tion B (0, a) is :
x = X + h and y = Y + k (a) (b)
a 2 b2 a 2 b2
y (c) a b (d) a + b
Y 5. The distance between the points A (7, 4)
and B(3, 1) is :
(h,k)
X (a) 6 units (b) 3 units
(c) 4 units (d) 5 units
6. The co-ordinates of point situated on x-axis
x at a distance of 5 units from y-axis is :
O
(a) (0, 5) (b) (5, 0)
(c) (5, 5) (d) (5, 5)
7. The co-ordinates of a point situated on y-
Point of Intersection of Two Lines : Point of
axis at a distance of 7 units from x -axis is
intersection of two lines can be obtained by
:
solving the equations as simultaneous equa-
(a) (0, 7) (b) (7, 0)
tions.
(c) (7, 7) (d) (7, 7)
If the given equations of straight line are 8. The co-ordinates of a point below x-axis at
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, then a distance of 6 units from x -axis but lying
(i) The angle between the lines is given by on y-axis is :
a2b1 a1b2 (a) (0, 6) (b) (6, 0)
tan (c) (0, 6) (d) (6, 6)
a1a2 + b1b2
9. The distance of the point (6, 8) from the
(ii) If the lines are parallel, then origin is :
a1 b (a) 2 units (b) 14 units
a2b1 a1b2 = 0 or 1 (c) 7 units (d) 10 units
a2 b2
10. The point of intersection of the lines 2x +
(iii) If the lines are perpendicular, then 7y = 1 and 4x + 5y = 11 is :
a1a2 + b1b2 = 0 (a) (4, 1) (b) (2, 3)
a1 b c (c) (1, 4) (d) (4, 2)
(iv) Coincident : 1 1 11. The line 4x + 7y = 12 meets x -axis at the
a2 b2 c2
point :
Angle between lines (a) (3, 1) (b) (0, 3)
x cos + y sin = P1 and (c) (3, 0) (d) (4, 0)
x cos + y sin = P2 is | | 12. The line 4x 9y = 11 meets y-axis at the
point :
11 11
(a) , 0 (b) 0,
9 9

11 11
(c) 0, (d) 0,
4 4
13. The slope of the line 3x + 7y + 8 = 0 is :
4
(a) 3 (b) 7 (a) parallel (b) perpendicualr
(c) coincident (d) intersecting
3 3
(c) (d)
7 7
--------------- LEVEL - 2 ----------------
14. The slope of the line joining P(4, 7) and
Q(2, 3) is :
1. If the distance of the point P(x, y) from
2 2 A(a, 0) is a + x, then y2 = ?
(a) (b)
3 3 (a) 2 ax (b) 4ax
(c) 6ax (d) 8ax
3 3 2. If the point (x, y) is equidistant from the
(c) (d)
2 2 points (a + b, b a) and (ab, a + b) then bx
15. The equation of a line parallel to x -axis at =?
a distance of 6 units and above x -axis is : (a) a2y (b) ay2
(a) x = 6 (b) y = 6x (c) ay (d) a2 y2
(c) x = 6y (d) y = 6 3. If the sum of the square of the distance of
16. The equation of a line parallel to y -axis at the point (x, y) from the point (a, 0) and (a,
a distance of 5 units to the left of y-axis, is 0) is 2b2, then :
: (a) x2 + a2 = b2 + y2 (b) x2 + a2 = 2b2 y2
(a) y = 5 (b) x = 5 (c) x2 a2 = b2 + y2 (d) x2 + a2 = b2 y2
(c) x + 5y = 0 (d) y + 5x = 0 4. P ( 4, a) and Q(2, a + 4) are two points and
17. The equation of a line parallel to x -axis the co-ordinates of the middle point of PQ
and at a distance of 7 units below x -axis are (1, 4). The value of a is :
is : (a) 0 (b) 2
(a) y = 7 (b) x = 7 (c) 2 (d) 3
(c) x = 7 (d) y = 7x 5. If the points P(2, 3), Q(5, a) and R(6, 7) are
18. The area of the triangle whose vertices are collinear, the value of a is :
P (4, 5), Q(3, 8) and R (3, 4), (in square (a) 5/2 (b) 4/3
units) is : (c) 6 (d) 5
6. The equation of a line parallel to x-axis and
1
(a) 66 (b) 16 passing through ( 6 , 5 ) is :
2 (a) y = 5 (b) x = 6
(c) 33 (d) 35 (c) y = 5x (d) y = 6x 5
19. The points A(0, 0), B(0, 3) and C(4, 0) are 7. The equation of a line parallel to y-axis and
the vertices of a triangle which is : passing through (2 , 5 ) is :
(a) Isosceles (b) Right angled (a)x = 2 (b) y = 5
(c) Equilateral (d) None of these (c) y = 2x (d) x = 5y
20. The co-ordinates of the centroid of PQR 8. Two vertices of a triangle PQR are P(1, 0)
with vertices P(2, 0), Q(9, 3) and R (8, 3) and Q(5, 2) and its centroid is (4, 0). The
is : co-ordinates of R are :
(a) (8, 2) (b) (8, 2)
19
(a) (1, 0) (b) ,0 (c) (8, 2) (d) (8, 2)
3 9. The co-ordinates of the point of intersec-
(c) (0, 5) (d) (5, 0) tion of the medians of a triangle with ver-
21. The equation of a line passing through the tices P(0, 6), Q(5, 3) and R(7, 3) are :
points A (0, 3) and B(5, 2) is : (a) (4, 5) (b) (3, 4)
(a) x + y + 3 = 0 (b) x + y 3 = 0 (c) (4, 4) (d) (5, 4)
(c) x y + 3 = 0 (d) x y 3 = 0 10. The ratio in which the line segment join-
22. The length of perpendicular from the ori- ing A(3, 5) and B(5, 4) is divided by x-axis
gin to the line 12x + 5y + 7 = 0 is : is :
(a) 2 units (b) 1 unit (a) 4 : 5 (b) 5 : 4
7 7 (c) 5 : 7 (d) 6 : 5
(c) units (d) units 11. The ratio in which the line segment join-
13 11
ing P(3, 7) and Q (7, 5) is divided by y-axis
23. The angle which the line joining the points is :

3 ,1 and 15 ,
5 makes with xaxis is (a) 3 : 7 (b) 4 : 7
: (c) 3 : 5 (d) 4 : 5
(a) 30 (b) 45 10
(c) 60 (d) 90 12. The ratio in which the point P 1, di-
3
24. The lines whose equations are 2x 5y + 7
vides the join of the point A(3, 2) and B(3,
= 0 and 8x 20y + 28 = 0 are :

5
4) is : 3. The equation of a line passing through the
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 point (5, 3) and parallel to the line 2x 5y +
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 3 : 1 3 = 0, is :
13. The equation of a line with slope 5 and (a) 2x 5y 7 = 0 (b) 2x 5y + 5 = 0
passing through the point (4, 1) is : (c) 2x 2y + 5 = 0 (d) 2x 5y = 0
(a) y = 5x + 21 (b) y = 5x 21 4. The sides PQ, QR, RS and SP of a quadrilat-
(c) 5y = x + 21 (d) 5y = x 21 eral have the equations x + 2y = 3, x = 1,
14. The value of a so that the lines x + 3y 8 = x 3y = 4, 5x + y + 12 = 0 respectively, then
0 and ax + 12y + 5 = 0 are parallel is : the angle between the diagonals PR and QS
(a) 0 (b) 1 is :
(c) 4 (d) 4 (a) 30 (b) 45
15. The value of P for which the lines 3x + 8y + (c) 60 (d) 90
9 = 0 and 24x + py + 19 = 0 are 5. The equations of two equal sides of an isos-
perpendicualar is : celes triangle are 7x y + 3 = 0 and x + y
(a) 12 (b) 9 3 = 0 and its third side passes through the
(c) 11 (d) 9 point (1, 10). The equation of the third side
16. The value of a so that line joining P(2, 5) is :
and Q (0, 7) and the line joining A (4, 2) (a) x 3y 31 = 0 but not x 3y 31 = 0
and B(8, a) are perpendicular to each other (b) neither 3x + y + 7 = 0 nor x 3y 31 = 0
is : (c) 3x + y + 7 = 0 or x 3y 31 = 0
(a) 1 (b) 5 (d) 3x + y + 7 = 0 but not x 3y 31 = 0
(c) 1 (d) 0 6. If P1 and P2 be perpendicular from the ori-
17. The angle between the lines represented gin upon the straight lines x sec + y
by the equations 2y 12 x 9 = 0 and 3y cosec = a and x cos y sin = a cos 2
x + 7 = 0, is : respectively, then the value of 4 P12 P22 is
(a) 30 (b) 45
:
1 (a) a2 (b) 2a2
(c) 60 (d) 22
2 (c) (d) 3a2
2 a2
18. If P(3, 5), Q (4, 5) and R(4, 6) be any three
7. Find the equation of the line passing
points, the angle between PQ and PR is :
through the point (2, 2) and cutting off in-
(a) 30 (b) 45
tercepts on the axes whose sum is 9 ?
(c) 60 (d) 90
(a) x + 2y 6 = 0 but not 2x + y 6 = 0
19. Given a PQR with vertices P (2, 3), Q ( 3, (b) neither x + 2y 6 = 0 nor 2x + y 6 = 0
7) and R ( 1, 3). The equation of median (c) 2x + y 6 = 0 but not x + 2y 6 = 0
PM is : (d) x + 2y 6 = 0 or 2x + y 6 = 0
(a) x y + 10 = 0 (b) x 4y 10 = 0
(c) x 4y + 10 = 0 (d) None of these
20. The co-ordinates of the point P which di-
11 21
vides the join of A(3, 2) and B , in LEVEL - 1
2 2
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b)
the ratio 2 : 3 are :
5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c)
(a) (4, 3) (b) (4, 5)
9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b)
5 3 7 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (b)
(c) 4, (d) , 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (d)
2 2 2
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (c)
--------------- LEVEL - 3 ----------------
LEVEL - 2
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b)
1. The length of the portion of the straight line 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b)
8x + 15y = 120 intercepted between the 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (c)
axes is : 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (d)
(a) 14 units (b) 15 units 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (a)
(c) 16 units (d) 17 units
2. The equation of the line passing through LEVEL - 3
the point (1, 1) and perpendicular to the line 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d)
3x + 4y 5 = 0, is : 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (d)
(a) 3x + 4y 7 = 0 (b) 3x + 4y + k = 0
(c) 3x 4y 1 = 0 (d) 4x 3y + 1 = 0

6
Hints and Solutions :
3 8
LEVEL - 1 y x
7 7
1. (b)
The point (5, 7) lies in the second quad- 3
rant. Slope of the line is
7
2. (d)
14. (a)
The point (7, 5) lies in the fourth quad-
rant.
3. (a) y 2 y1 37 4 2
Slope of PQ
Distance between two points x 2 x 1 2 4 6 3
x 2 x1 2 y 2 y1 2 15. (d)
Clearly; the equation of the line is, y = 6
here (x1, y1) = (6, 2) and (x2, y2) (2, 4)
16. (b)
Required distance = Clearly, the equation of the line is, x = 5
6 22 2 42 17. (a)
Clearly, the equation of the line is y = 7
64 4 68 2 17 unit
4. (b) 18. (c)
1
AB b 0 2 0 a 2 b 2 a 2 x1 y2 y3 x2 y3 y1 x3 y1 y2
2
a 2 b2 1
5. (d) 44 8 3 4 5 35 8
2
AB2 = (7 3)2 + (4 1)2 = 42 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25
1
AB = 25 5 units 66 33 sq. units
6. (b) 2
Clearly, the point of x -axis has ordinate 0 19. (b)
and abscissa 5.
AB 0 0 2 0 3 2 3
So, the point is (5, 0)
7. (a)
Clearly, the point on y-axis has abscissa 0.
AC 4 02 0 02 4
So, the point is (0, 7)
8. (c)
and BC 4 0 2 0 32 5
Clearly, the point is (0, 6) AB2 + AC2 = BC2
9. (d) ABC is a right angled triangle.
Required distance = 6 0 2 8 0 2
B (0, 3)
36 64 100 10 units
10. (a)
2x + 7y = 1 ........ (i)
4x + 5y = 11 ......(ii) A C (4,0)
on solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 4 and y = (0, 0)
1
20. (d)
Required point of intersection = (4, 1)
11. (c) The co-ordinates of the centroid of PQR
Equation of x-axis is y = 0 are -
put y = 0 in 4x + 7y = 12 we get x = 3
2 9 8 0 3 3
Required point = (3, 0) , 5, 0
3 3
12. (b)
Equation of y-axis is x = 0 21. (a)
The required equation is
11
put x = 0 in 4x 9y = 11 we get y = 23
9 y 3 x 0
5 0
11 y+3=x x+y+3=o
Required point = 0, 9 22. (c)

Length of perpendicular =
13. (c)
3x + 7y + 8 = 0 7y = 3x 8 12 0 5 0 7 7
units
122 52 13

7
23. (a) a3=3 a=6
5 1 1 6. (a)
The slope of the line is The equation of a line parallel to x-axis is y
15 3 3
= b.
1 Since, it passes through (6, 5), so b = 5
tan or 30
3 The required equation is, y = 5
24. (c) 7. (a)
Here, The equation of a line parallel to y-axis is,
x = a.
a1 2 1 b1 5 1 c 7 1
, and 1 Since, it passes through (2, 5), so a = 2
a 2 8 4 b 2 20 4 c 2 28 4
The required equation is, x = 2
a1 b1 c1 8. (b)

a 2 b 2 c 2 , So the given lines are co- Let the co-ordinates of R be (x, y). Then,
incident. 1 5 x 0 2 y
4 and 0
3 3
LEVEL - 2 or 4 + x = 12 and 2 + y = 0
1. (b) or x = 8 and y = 2
x a 2 (y 0)2 a x R = (x, y) = (8, 2)
9. (c)
2
x a y 2 a x
2 Since, point of intersection of median is
centroid.
y 2 x a 2 x a 2 co-ordinates of centroid

y 2 4ax 0 5 7 6 3 3
,
3 3
2. (c)
Let (x, y), Q(a + b, b a) and R(a b, a + b) 12 12
are given points. ,
3 3
PQ = PR.
4, 4
x a b2 y b a 2 10. (b)
Let the ratio be k : 1
x a b2 y a b2 The ordinate of a point lying on x-axis must
x 2 2x (a + b) + (a + b)2 + y2 2y(b a) + be zero
(b+ a)2 = x 2 + (a b)2 2x (a b) + y2 + (a + b)2
4k 5 1 5
2y (a + b) 0 4k 5 k
k 1 4
ax + bx + by ay = ax bx + ay + by
2bx = 2ay 5
Required ratio is :1 5 : 4
bx = ay. 4
3. (d) 11. (a)
Let A (x, y), P(a, 0) and Q(a, 0), Then, Let the ratio be k : 1
AP2 + AQ2 = 2b2 The abcissa of a point lying on y-axis must
[(x a)2 + (y 0)2] + [(x + a)2 + (y 0)2] = 2b2 be zero
x 2 + a2 2ax + y2 + x 2 + a2 + 2ax + y2 = 2b2 7k 3 1 3
0 7k 3 0 k
2(x 2 + a2 + y2) = 2b2 k 1 7
x 2 + a2 + y2 = b2
3
x 2 + a2 = b2 y2 Required ratio is :1 3 : 7
7
4. (d)
co-ordinates of middle point (1, 4) 12. (c)
Let the ratio be k : 1
aa4
4 2a 4 8 2a 4 3k 3 1
2 1
k 1
a=2
3k 3 = k + 1 2k = 4 k = 2
5. (c)
Since, P,Q and R collinear Required ratio is 2 : 1
13. (a)
slope of PQ = slope of PR
Let the equation be y = 5x + c
a3 73 a3 4 Since it passes through (4, 1), we have 1

52 62 3 4 = 5(4) + c
c = 21 so, its equation is, y = 5x + 21
8
14. (c)
1
m2
a1 b1 3
Condition of parallelism a b
2 2
1
1 3 3
a4 m1 m2 3 1
tan
a 12 1 m1.m2 1 3. 1 3
Alternatively, 3
1 8 1
So, 30
x 3y 8 0 y x m1
3 3 3 18. (b)
a 5 55
ax 12 y 5 0 0 y x Slope of PQ, m1 0
12 12 43
a 65
m2 Slope of PR, m 2 1
12 43
for parallelism, m 1 = m2
m1 m 2 0 1
tan 1
1 a 1 m1m 2 1 0
a 4
3 12
15. (b) So, 45
Condition of perpendicularism, a1a2 + b1b2 19. (c)
=0 Clearly, M is the mid-point of QR.
3 24 + 8 p = 0 8p = 3 24 p = 9 3 1 7 3
Alternatively- Co-ordinates of M are 2 , 2

3x + 8y + 9 = 0
i.e. (2, 2)
3 9 3 Now, find the equation of the line joining
y x m1
8 8 8 P(2, 3) and M(2, 2)
23
24 19 Required equation is , (y 3) = (x
24x py 19 0 y x 22
p p
2)
24 1
m2 y 3 x 2 4y 12 x 2
p 4
for perpendicularism, m1.m2 = 1 x 4y 10 0
3 24 20. (a)
1
8 p Required point is :
P9 11 21
33 2 3 2 2
16. (d) 2 2
,
7 5 12 32 32
m1 = Slope of PQ 6
02 2

a2 a2 20 15
m2 = Slope of AB , 4, 3
84 12 5 5
a2
m1m2 = 1 6 12 1 LEVEL - 3
1. (d)
a+2=2 a=0 Point of intersection at x -axis = (x, 0)
17. (a) 8x + 15 y = 120
12 9 8x + 15 0 = 120 x = 15
2y 12.x 9 0 y x point ot intersection = (15, 0)
2 2
Point of intersection at y-axis = (0, y)
12 8x + 15 y = 120
m1 3
2 0 + 15y = 120 y = 8
Point of intersection = (0, 8)
1 7 Required length = AB
3y x 7 0 y x
3 3
9
or 2x 5y 5 0
(0, 8) 4. (d)
x + 2y = 3 .......... (i)
B 5x + y = 12 ........(ii)
A (15,O) On solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 3, y = 3
co-ordinates of P( 3, 3)
O
R
4 x
y= =
1
15 0 0 8
2 2
x 3
S Q
225 64 289

5x
3
17 units =

+
2y

y
2. (c)

+1
+
x

2=
3 5 P

0
Given line - 3x + 4y 5 = 0 y x
4 4 Similarly, Q(1, 1), R(1, 1) and S(2, 2)
3 1 3
its slope, m1 Now, m1 = slope of PR = 1
4 1 3
Let m2 be the slope of required line.
2 1
m2 = slope of QS = 1
3 2 1
Then, m1m2 = 1 or m2 = 1
4
m1m 2 1
4 the required angle is 90
m2 =
3 5. (c)
Let the required equation be, y = m2x + c Third side passes through (1, 10)
4 so its equation y + 10 = m(x 1) .......(i)
y x c This side makes equal angle with the
3
given two sides.
Since, it passes through (1, 1)
let this angle be .
4 4 1 Now, slope of line 7x y + 3 = 0 is m1,
1 1 c c 1
3 3 3 m1 = 1
and slope of line x + y 3 = 0 is m2,
4 1
the required equation is , y x m2 = 1
3 3 angle between (i) and 7x y + 3 = 0 = angle
or 4x 3y 1 = 0 between (i) and x + y 3 = 0
3. (b)
m7 m 1
2x 5y + 3 = 0 tan
1 7m 1 m 1
2 3
y x m 3 or 1/3
5 5
Hence possible equations of third side are
2 y + 10 = 3 (x 1)
its slope m1
5 1
Let the slope of line which is parall;el to and y 10 x 1
3
the given line is m2
or 3x + y + 7 = 0 and x 3y 31 = 0
2 6. (a)
m 2 m1 P1 = lenght of perpendicular from (0, 0) on x
5
sec + y cosec = a
2
Let the required equation be, y x c
5 a a
P1
Since, it passes through (5, 3) 2
sec cosec 2 1 1

2 cos sin2
2

3 5 c c 1
5 a sin .cos
2 or 2P1 = a(2sin . cos ) 2P1 = a sin 2
Required equation is, y x 1
5

10
a cos 2
Similarly, P2 a cos 2
cos 2 sin 2


4P12 P22 a 2 sin2 2. cos2 2 a 2
7. (d)
Let a and b are the intercepts on x and y-
axes respectively.
a + b = 9 b = 9 a .........(i)
and the equation of the line is
x y
1 ..........(ii)
a b
From (i) and (ii)
x y
1 ......iii
a 9a
this line also passes through the point (2,2)
2 2
from (iii) 1
a 9a
On solving we get a = 6 or a = 3
If a = 6 then b = 9 6 = 3
x y
equation of the line is 1
6 3
or x + 2y 6 = 0
If a = 3 then b = 9 3 = 6
x y
equation of the line is 1
3 6
or 2x + y 6 = 0
Hence, required equation is
x + 2y 6 = 0 or 2x + y 6 = 0
Note : Solve this type of question with the
help of given options.

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